ethics for nurses

8/6/2019 Ethics for Nurses

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ETHICS FOR NURSES


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SUBJECTIVISM / IDEALISM: contrasting withrealism, objects of mindare

heldto bein some waydependentontheactivityofthe mind. Selfis the basis

ofethicaldecision making. HUMAN JUDGEMENT DISCOVERS MORALITY.

Manis sourceofethics, everypersonhas equalimportance. I thinktherefore I

am Objects donotexistexceptinthe mind.

Theories of IDEALISM ARE:

Justice

Beneficence Non malfeasance

Fidelity

Rights

DEONTOLOGY= non-consequentialism

Freedom ofchoice


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Ethics DefinitionsEthics Definitions ETHICS: whatyou should bedoinginagiven situation. A system

of moral standards guidingright & wrong. Guidelines only.

ETHICAL DILEMMA: choiceoftwoalternatives equally

justifiable orthere may be badtogettogood.


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MORALS v ETHICSMORALS v ETHICS Morals concerned with right or wrong behavior in character

and conduct within a society. A moral code =descriptively refersto codes of conduct, social mores what is considered right or

wrong only. Definitions of morality are based on value systems.

Normative ethics = directly linked to right or wrong regardlessof what specific individuals think. What should be done

Descriptive ethics: what is actually done

VALUE: ones judgment of what is important in life. A personsprinciples. Considered to be important or beneficial to thatperson.

DOUBLE EFFECT: an action can have a good and a bad effect/outcome. Must consider:

act must be morally good/ neutral.

Good effect must not be obtained via a bad effect.

Good intent must be equal or greater than bad effect. Balance


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ETHICS COMMITTEEETHICS COMMITTEE Provideethicalconsultation

Facilitateeducationonclinicalethics

Develop/revisepolicies.

GOALS:

Topromotetherights ofthepatient

Topromote shareddecision making withclient/healthcare staff, beadvocates

Topromotefairpolicies andprocedures that maximizetheachievementofgoodpatientcenteredoutcomes

Toenhancetheethics ofprofessionals andinstitutions


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UN HUMAN RIGHTSUN HUMAN RIGHTS

CHARTERCHARTER Allhumans are bornfree & equal

Everyonehas therighttolife, libertyand security

Everyoneis entitledtoalltherights withinthischarter

Noone shall beheldin slaveryorservitude. Nooneshall be subjectedtotortureordegradingpunishment

Everyonehas therighttorecognitionas apersonbeforethelaw.

Allareequal beforethelaw andentitledtoequalprotection beforethelaw

Everyonehas arighttoremedy if basicrights

violated


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Noone shall be subjecttoarbitraryarrestordetentionorexile

Everyoneis entitledtoafullfairpublichearing byanimpartialtribunaltodeterminehis rights, obligationsandifthereareanycriminalcharges againsthim.

Innocentuntilprovedguilty. Noonecan beheldguiltyforsomethingthatis notanoffenceundernational/internationallaw (unconstitutionallaws)

Nointerference withprivacy, family, home, honor,reputation. Righttoprotectionagainst interference.

Righttofreedom of movement withinowncountryandrighttoleaveandcome backtoowncountry.

Rightto seekasylum inanothercountrytogetawayfrom ersecution


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UN CharterUN Charter Everyonehas therighttonationalityandcanchange

nationality

Rightto marryandhavefamily. Men & women

entitledtoequalrights in marriageandits

dissolution. Marriageis by mutualconsent. Familyis

entitledto stateand societyprotection

Everyonehatherighttoownproperty. Noone shallbearbitrarilydeprivedofproperty


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UN CharterUN Charter Everyonehas therighttofreedom ofthough,

conscienceandreligion

Everyonehas herighttopeacefulassemblyandassociation. Nooneis compelledto joinanassociation.

Everyonehas therighttotakepartingovernment, toaccess topublic service. The willofthepeople shallbethe basis ofgovernmentexpressedinperiodicgenuineelections

Everyonehas therightto social security

Everyonehas therightto work, tohavefreedom inchoiceof workandgetequalpayforequal work.Everyonehas therighttoequitablepayandto joina

union


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UN charterUN charter Everyonehas therightto standards ofliving

adequateforhealthand wellbeingof selfandfamilyfoodclothinghousing medicalcare social servicessecurity. Motherhoodandchildhoodrequire specialcare & assistance. Allchildren musthaveequal socialprotection whetherillegitimateornot.

Everyoneis entitledtoeducation, freeinprimaryschooland shall becompulsoryinprimary school.Otherhighereducation shall beavailableandaccessible. Parents havetherighttochoosethetypeofeducationfortheirchildren

Everyonehas duties tohis/hercommunity. Lawsmust beobeyed butthey must be justanddemocratic. Privateacts thatviolatepublicinterestareunconstitutional

No stateindividualor rou shallacttodestro the


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ETHICS BranchesETHICS Branches NORMATIVE: theory (prescriptive.

Recommendations forbehavior. Thepractical means

ofdeterminingthecourseofaction. Philosophersview =what we shoulddoina situation. whoaughtto . nursing Qualitative. Branches ofnormativeethics are: Objectivism and Subjectivism

Teleology = consequentialism. Theends matter

Deontology= nonconsequentialism. Theactionsmatter

DESCRIPTIVE: what weactuallydo. Observationof behavior. how to.doctors. Quantitative. Valuefree Whatethicalcodes appliedtovarious groups.


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ETHICAL THEORIESETHICAL THEORIES Thesedonot solveethicaldilemmas butgive

guidelines onapproach/clarification

UTILITARIANISM: theoutcomeofaction, greatestamountofhappiness forthe most. Communityorientated eachindividualequal.

EGOISM: a solution bestforoneself. Theclientcomes second.

DEONTOLOGY :Thenatureoftheactitselfandtherules involved. Duty, obligation. dountoothers Nonconsequentialism

FAIRNESS:= justice. Principles mustapplytoeveryone. Whatifeveryonecomplies? Must bepublicallyrecognizedandgeneralizabletoall.

O ositeto E oism


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ETHICAL DILEMMAETHICAL DILEMMA

SOLUTION MODELSOLUTION MODEL1. Collect, analyze & interpretdataon situation

2. Makeaclearstatementof situation. STATEDILEMMA

3. Consideroptions ofchoices ofaction

4. Analyzeadvantages ordisadvantages

5. Makeadecision.

IT IS THE CLIENT & CLIENT FAMILY DECISIONNOT YOURS as anurse.


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--ThiroixThiroix

The value of lifeabortion, euthanasia, killingin self- defense, war,

capitalpunishment, suicide. Quantityoflife moreimportantthanquality.

Goodness or rightness: life, consciousness, truth, knowledge, beauty, self

expression. Good must beinrelationtootherhuman beings e.g. sadists

gooddifferentfrom nuns good.


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THIROIX contTHIROIX cont JUSTICE orfairness: e.g shoulddonorkidneys onlygoto good

people?

HONESTY andtruthtelling: communicationvital soit must be

trusted. One speaks onehears. Whatis heard andperceivedis

important. Bodylanguageis alsocommunication. Tellitattheright

timeandrightcircumstances, truthis not justa statement.

INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM: uptoindividualtoexpress theaboveprinciples andconsequences forthemselves. Freedom toact morally.


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ETHICAL PRINCIPLES:ETHICAL PRINCIPLES:

GILLONGILLON Autonomy : ofaction, will & thought.

Beneficence: oftendoharm inordertogetgood

results

Non-malfeasance: do minimalharm togetgood. (seeethicaldilemma model)

Justice in ethics: equalhumanrights, mandiscoversrights thatareapplicabletoall. Man sourceofethics.

Everyonehas arightto behappy.

Respectforpersons: desiretoavoid suffering

whatis aperson?

whenis someonenotaperson?

ethics for nurses

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