ethics { comprehensive reading list - robert l. frazier's · pdf file ·...

Ethics – Comprehensive Reading List

Robert L. Frazier

25/11/2017

Morality and Self-Interest

Reading

• Plato. Republic. Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, Mass., 1930. Book II, 357a–367c.

• Bishop Butler. Fifteen sermons. In J. H. Bernard, editor, The Works of Joseph Butler. SPCK,London, 1900. Sermon XI.

• Joseph Raz. The central conflict: morality and self-interest. In Roger Crisp and Brad Hooker,editors, Well-Being and Morality: Essays in Honour of James Griffin, pages 209–238. ClarendonPress, Oxford, 2000.

• Kurt Baier. Egoism. In Peter Singer, editor. A Companion to Ethics. Basil Blackwell, Oxford,1991, pages 197–204.

• David Gauthier. Morals By Agreement. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1986. Chs 1 & 2.

• Bernard Williams. Egoism and altruism. In Problems of the Self. Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, 1973. ISBN 0 521 29060 pbk.

• Gilbert Harman. The Nature of Morality. Oxford University Press, New York, 1977. Ch 12.

• Thomas Hobbes. Leviathan. Collins, London, 1651/1962. Ch. 13.

• Derek Parfit. Reasons and Persons. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1984. Chs. 6–7, 9, 14.

• David O. Brink. Rational egoism and the separateness of persons. In Jonathan Dancy, editor,Reading Parfit. Blackwell, Oxford, 1997.

Essay

In the selection from Plato, what is suggested about the circumstances in which it would, and would not,be rational for a self-interested person to act morally?

What is the theory of psychological egoism? Is it true? What implications would its truth have formorality?

Is there really a conflict between morality and self-interest? If there is, could it be rational for peopleto act morally in cases where their doing so would conflict with their self-interest?

1

Utilitarianism

Reading

• John Stuart Mill. Utilitarianism. Fontana, Glasgow, 1863/1962. Chs 1–3.

• J. J. C. Smart. An outline of a system of utilitarian ethics. In Utilitarianism: For and AgainstJ. J. C. Smart and B. A. O. Williams. Utilitarianism: For and Against. Cambridge UniversityPress, Cambridge, 1973, pages 3–74. Sec. 1–7, 9–10.

• B. A. O. Williams. A critique of utilitarianism. In Utilitarianism: For and Against J. J. C. Smartand B. A. O. Williams. Utilitarianism: For and Against. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,1973, pages 77–150. Secs. 1–6.

• John L. Mackie. Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1977. Ch.6.

• R. M. Hare. Ethical theory and utilitarianism. In Amartya Sen and Bernard Williams, editors,Utilitarianism and Beyond, pages 23–38. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1982.

• Philip Pettit. Consequentialism. In Peter Singer, editor. A Companion to Ethics. Basil Blackwell,Oxford, 1991, pages 230–240.

• Brad Hooker. Ideal Code, Real World. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2000. Ch. 4.

• Peter Railton. Alienation, consequentialism and the demands of morality. Philosophy and PublicAffairs, 13, 1984.

• Shelly Kagan. The Limits of Morality. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989. Ch. 1.

Essay

What is the most reasonable form of utilitarianism? Are there any fatal criticisms of it?

2

Kantian Ethics

Reading

• Immanuel Kant. Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals. 1785/1953. Chs 1–2.

• Ralph C. S. Walker. Kant. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1978. Ch. 11, Sec. 1.

• Onora O’Neill. Kantian ethics. In Peter Singer, editor. A Companion to Ethics. Basil Blackwell,Oxford, 1991, pages 175–185.

• John Rawls. A Theory of Justice. The Belknap Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1971. Sec. 40.


• Christine M. Korsgaard. The right to lie: Kant on Dealing with evil. Oxford Readings in Philosophy,pages 530–552. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998.

• Barbara Herman. The Practice of Moral Judgment. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mas-sachusetts, 1993. Ch 1.

• Bernard Williams. Persons, character and morality. In Moral Luck Bernard Williams. Moral Luck.Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981, pages 1–19.

Essay

What conditions, according to Kant, must be satisfied for it to be morally permissible to perform someaction? How sensitive is this account to the various situations in which we find ourselves, e.g., when wefind ourselves in a situation where it seems we should do something that otherwise would be wrong inorder to avoid some great evil?

Must moral action always be performed from a sense of duty?

3

Virtue Ethics

Reading

• Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis, 1985. I 7; II 1–6; VI 1,12–13; X 7–8. (Any translation will do.)

• J. O. Urmson. Aristotle’s Ethics. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1988. Chs 2 & 6.

• Jerry Schneewind. The misfortunes of virtue. Ethics, 101:42–63, 1990.

• G. E. M. Anscombe. Modern moral philosophy. Philosophy, 33:1–19, 1958.

• David Solomon. Internal objections to virtue theory. In Peter A. French, Theodore E. Uehling, Jr.,and Howard K. Wettstein, editors. Ethical Theory: Character and Virtue, volume XIII of MidwestStudies in Philosophy. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana, 1988, pages 428–441.

• H. Irwin, Terence. The virtues: theory and common sense in greek. In How Should One Live?,pages 36–55. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996.

• James D. Wallace. Ethics and the craft analogy. In Peter A. French, Theodore E. Uehling, Jr.,and Howard K. Wettstein, editors. Ethical Theory: Character and Virtue, volume XIII of MidwestStudies in Philosophy. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana, 1988, pages 222–232.

• John L. Mackie. Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1977. Pp.186–189.

• Alasdair MacIntyre. After Virtue. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana, secondedition, 1984. Ch. 15.

• Greg Pence. Recent work on the virtues. American Philosophical Quarterly, 21:281–297, 1984.

• John McDowell. Virtue and reason. The Monist, 62:331–350, 1979.

• Greg Pence. Virtue theory. In Peter Singer, editor. A Companion to Ethics. Basil Blackwell,Oxford, 1991, pages 249–258.

Essay

What role should the notion of a ‘virtuous person’ play in a moral theory?

4

Realism in Ethics

Reading

• G. E. Moore. Ethics. Oxford University Press, London, 1912. Ch. III.

• Dale Jamieson. Method and moral theory. In Peter Singer, editor. A Companion to Ethics. BasilBlackwell, Oxford, 1991, pages 476–487.

• John McDowell. Values and secondary qualities. In Ted Honderick, editor, Morality and Objectivity,pages 110–129. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1985.

• Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, editor. Essays on Moral Realism. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1988.ISBN 0-8014-9541-5 (Pbk.). Introduction.

• David O. Brink. Moral Realism and the Foundations of Ethics. Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, 1989. Ch. 2.

• David Wiggins. Truth, invention and the meaning of life. Proceedings of the British Academy, 62:331–378, 1976.

• Jonathan Dancy. Moral Reasons. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1993. Ch. 9.

• Richard N. Boyd. How to be a moral realist. In Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, editor. Essays on MoralRealism. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1988. ISBN 0-8014-9541-5 (Pbk.), pages 181–228. ISBN0-8014-9541-5 (Pbk.). §§1,2 and 5.

• Mark Platts. Ways of Meaning. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1979. Ch. 10.**

• Thomas Reid. Essays on the Active Powers of Man. John Bell, Edinburgh, 1788. Essay III, partIII, chs V and VI.

• Keith Lehrer. Thomas Reid. Routledge, London, 1989. Pp. 212-226.

**Also in Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, editor. Essays on Moral Realism. Cornell University Press, Ithaca,1988. ISBN 0-8014-9541-5 (Pbk.).

Essay

What are the arguments for realism? Are they persuasive?

5

Anti-Realism in Ethics

Reading

• David Hume. Treatise of Human Nature. Oxford University Press, Oxford, second edition,1740/1978. Bk. II, part III, §I; bk. III part I, §§I and II.

• A. J. Ayer. Language, Truth and Logic. Gollancz, London, second edition, 1946. Ch. 6

• Robert J. Fogelin. Hume’s Skepticism in the Treatise of Human Nature. Routledge & Kegan Paul,London, 1985. Chs 9 & 10.

• R. M. Hare. The Language of Morals. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1952. Chs 1 & 11.

• Michael Smith. Realism. In Peter Singer, editor. A Companion to Ethics. Basil Blackwell, Oxford,1991, pages 399–410.


• Bernard Williams. Morality: An Introduction to Ethics. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1973. Pp.28–52.

• Bernard Williams. Internal and external reasons. In Moral Luck Bernard Williams. Moral Luck.Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981, pages 101–113.

• Simon Blackburn. Spreading the Word. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1984. Chs 5 & 6.

• Gilbert Harman. The Nature of Morality. Oxford University Press, New York, 1977. Chs 1 & 2.

• David McNaughton. Moral Vision: An Introduction to Ethics. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1988. Chs1, 3–5.

• Thomas Nagel. The View From Nowhere. Oxford University Press, 1986. Ch. 8.

• John McDowell. Values and secondary qualities. In Ted Honderick, editor, Morality and Objectivity,pages 110–129. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1985.

• James Rachels. Subjectivism. In Peter Singer, editor. A Companion to Ethics. Basil Blackwell,Oxford, 1991, pages 432–441.

Essay

What are the arguments for anti-realism? Are they persuasive?

6

Quasi-realism and the Frege-Geach Problem

Reading

• A. J. Ayer. Language, Truth and Logic. Gollancz, London, second edition, 1946. Ch. 6.

• Peter Geach. Assertion. PR, 74:1965, 1965

• Simon Blackburn. Spreading the Word. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1984. Chs 5–6.

• Simon Blackburn. Ruling Passions. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998. Chs 3 & 9.

• Allan Gibbard. Wise Choices, Apt Feelings. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990. Part I.

• Charles Stevenson. The nature of ethical disagreement. In Russ Shafer-Landau and Terence Cuneo,editors, Foundations of Ethics: An Anthology, page ?? Blackwell, Oxford, 2007.

• Alexander Miller. An Introduction to Contemporary Metaethics. Polity Press, Cambridge, UK,2003. Ch. 4.

• Bob Hale. Can there be a logic of attitudes? In Reality, Representation and Projection, page ??OUP, Oxford, 1993.

Essay

What is the Frege-Geach Problem? Does it provide an insurmountable problem for expressivism?

7

Moral Relativism

Reading

• Judith Jarvis Harman, Gilbert & Thomson. Moral Relativism and Moral Objectivity. Blackwell,Oxford, 1996. Section 1.

• Simon Blackburn. Ruling Passions. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998. Ch. 9.

• Bernard Williams. The truth in relativism. Proceedings of the Arisotelian Society, 75:215–28, 1975.

• T.M. Scanlon. What Do We Owe Each Other? Belknap Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1998.Ch. 8.

• Alasdair MacIntyre. Whose Justice? Which Rationality? University of Notre Dame Press, NotreDame, Indiana, 1988. Chs 18—19.

• D.B. Wong. Natural Moralities. OUP, Oxford, 2006. Chs 1—3.


Essay

Explain moral relativism. To what is morality relative? Is it the moral view that best supports toleranceof others’ behaviour and moral views?

8

Death and Taking Life

Reading

• Thomas Nagel. Death. In Mortal Questions, pages 1–10. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,1979.

• R. E. Ewin. What is wrong with killing people? Philosophical Quarterly, 22:126–139, 1972.

• Judith Thomson. A defense of abortion. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1:47–66, 1971.

• Don Marquis. Why abortion is immoral. The Journal of Philosophy, 86:183–202, 1989.

• John L. Mackie. Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1977. Pp.195–199.

• Jonathan Glover. Causing Death and Saving Lives. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1977. Chs 13,14 & 15.

• Joel Feinberg. Harm to Self, volume III of The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law. Oxford UniversityPress, Oxford, 1986. Ch. 27.

• Fred Feldman. Confrontations with the Reaper. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992. Chs 11 &12.

Essay

When, if ever, should we prevent a person’s voluntary death? When, if ever, should we prevent a womanhaving an abortion?

9

Principle of Double Effect/Acts and Omissions Doctrine

Reading

• Jonathan Glover. Causing Death and Saving Lives. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1977. Chs. 6and 7.

• Michael E. Bratman. Intention, Plans, and Practical Reason. Harvard University Press, Cambridge,Massachusetts, 1987. Ch. 10.

• Philippa Foot. The problem of abortion and the doctrine of the double effect. Oxford Review, 5:5–15, 1967.

• Jonathan Bennett. Whatever the consequences. Analysis, 26:83–102, 1966.

• Bernard Williams. Utilitarianism and moral self-indulgence. In Moral Luck Bernard Williams.Moral Luck. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981, pages 40–53.

• Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Oxford UniversityPress, Oxford, third edition, 1989. Pp. 120–150.

Essay

What is the Principle of the Double Effect? Are there any sound arguments in support of it? Am I asmorally responsible for my omissions as for my actions?

10

Responsibility

Reading

• Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis, 1985. Bk 3, Chs 1 & 5.

• Richard Sorabji. Necessity, Cause, and Blame. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1980Ch. 16.

• John L. Mackie. Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1977.Chapter 9.

• John L. Austin. A plea for excuses. In Alan R. White, editor. The Philosophy of Action. OxfordUniversity Press, Oxford, 1968, pages 19–42.

• Herbert L. A. Hart. Punishment and Responsibility. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1968. ChapterVI.

• Joel Feinberg. Action and responsibility. In Alan R. White, editor. The Philosophy of Action.Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1968, pages 95–119.

• Charles Taylor. Responsibility for self. In Amelie Oksenberg Rorty, editor, The Identities of Persons,pages 281–99. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1971.

• Michael J. Zimmerman. Sharing responsibility. American Philosophical Quarterly, 22:115–122,1985.

Essay

When is a person morally responsible for his or her actions? What can diminish this responsibility? Is aperson ever responsible for something that he or she does not do?

11

Rights

Reading

• H. L. A. Hart. Are there any natural rights? The Philosophical Review, 64:175–191, 1955.

• Jeremy Waldron. Rights. In Robert E. Goodin and Philip Pettit, editors, A Companion toContemporary Political Philosophy, pages 575–585. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1993.

• Joel Feinberg. Rights, Justice, and the Bounds of Liberty. Princeton University Press, Princeton,1980. Ch. 7.

• Ronald Dworkin. Rights as trumps. In Jeremy Waldron, editor, Theories of Rights. OxfordUniversity Press, Oxford, 1985.

• Joseph Raz. The Morality of Freedom. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1986. Chs 7 & 8.

• Brenda Almond. Rights. In Peter Singer, editor. A Companion to Ethics. Basil Blackwell, Oxford,1991, pages 259–269.

• Alan R. White. Rights. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1984. Chs 6 & 7.

• Kymlicka. Multicultural Citizenship. OUP, Oxford, 1995. Chs 3 & 6.

• J. L. Mackie. Can there be a right-based moral theory? In Peter A. French, Theodore E. Uehling,Jr., and Howard K. Wettstein, editors, Studies in Ethical Theory, volume III of Midwest Studies inPhilosophy, pages 350–359. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1978. ISBN 0-8166-0971-3(Pbk).

Essay

What are rights and who has them? How central are they to our moral/political thought?

12

Collective Responsibility

Reading

• D. E. Cooper. Collective responsibility. Philosophy, 43:258–268, 1968.

• Virginia Held. Can a random collection of individuals be morally responsible? The Journal ofPhilosophy, 67:471–481, 1970.

• Douglas N. Husak. Omissions, causation and liability. Philosophical Quarterly, 30:318–326, 1980.

• Michael J. Zimmerman. Sharing responsibility. American Philosophical Quarterly, 22:115–122, 1985

Essay

When, if ever, can a collection of person be held responsible for the actions of some member(s) of thecollction?

13

Free Will and Determinism

Reading

General

• Ted Honderich. A Theory of Determinism. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1988.

• John L. Mackie. The Cement of the Universe. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1974. Pp. 38–43.

• Richard Sorabji. Necessity, Cause, and Blame. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1980.Pp. 26–40.

• Robert Young. The implications of determinism. In Peter Singer, editor. A Companion to Ethics.Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1991, pages 534–542.

Compatibilism — 1

• John Locke. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Fontana Library, London, fifth edition,1690/1964. ISBN 0 00 641040 5. Bk. II, Ch. 21.

• David Hume. Enquires Concerning the Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles ofMorals. Clarendon Press, Oxford, second edition, 1748/1966. §8.

• A. J. Ayer. Freedom and necessity. Polemic, page ??, 1946.

• Daniel C. Dennett. Brainstorms: Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology. MIT Press,Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1978. Pp. 286–99.

• Peter Van Inwagen. The incompatibility of free will and determinism. Philosophical Studies, 27:185–99, 1975.

Compatibilism — 2

• Immanuel Kant. Critique of Pure Reason. St Martin’s Press, New York, 1781/1965. A444-5/B472-3,A532/B560–A558/B586.

• Immanuel Kant. Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals. 1785/1953. Ch. 3.

• Peter Strawson. Freedom and resentment. Proceedings of the British Academy, 48:1–25, 1962.

• Jonathan F. Bennett. Kant’s Dialectic. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1974. Ch. 10.

• Lewis W. Beck. A Commentary on Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason. University of ChicagoPress, Chicago, 1960. Ch. 11.

Libertarianism

• Thomas Reid. Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man. MacMillian, London, 1785/1941. Essay4, chs 1,2,4,6,7, & 8.

• Keith Lehrer. Thomas Reid. Routledge, London, 1989. Ch. XIV.

• C. A. Campbell. On Selfhood and Godhood. Allen and Unwin, London, 1957. Lecture IX.

• Roderick M. Chisholm. Human freedom and the self. In Gary Watson, editor. Free Will. OxfordUniversity Press, Oxford, first edition, 1982, pages 24–35.

14

Mechanism

• Norman Malcolm. The conceivability of mechanism. The Philosophical Review, 77:45–72, 1968.

• Daniel C. Dennett. Mechanism and responsibility. In Gary Watson, editor. Free Will. OxfordUniversity Press, Oxford, first edition, 1982, page 173.

• Alvin I Goldman. A Theory of Human Action. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1970.

Essay

What is freewill? Do we have it?

15

Existentialist Ethics

Reading

• Jean-Paul Sartre. Existentialism is a humanism. In Walter Kaufman, editor, Existentialism fromDostoevsky to Sartre, pages 295–298. Meridian, New York, 1956.

• Dagfinn Føllesdal. Sartre on freedom. In Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor, The Philosophy of Jean-PaulSartre, pages 392–407. Open Court, La Salle, 1981.

• Charles Guignon. Existentialist ethics. In Joseph P. DeMarco and Richard M. Fox, editors, NewDirections in Ethics, pages 73–89. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1986.

• David E. Cooper. Existentialism. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1990. Chs 9–10.

• Gilbert Harman. The Nature of Morality. Oxford University Press, New York, 1977. Ch. 7.

• Mary Warnock. Existentialist Ethics. Macmillan, London, 1967.

• Charles Taylor. Responsibility for self. In Amelie Oksenberg Rorty, editor, The Identities of Persons,pages 281–99. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1971.

• Anthony Rudd. Kierkegaard and the Limits of the Ethics. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1993.

You might also have a look at Sartre’s Being and Nothingness; Kierkegaard’s Either/Or vol. ii,Concluding Unscientific Postscript and Fear and Trembling ; and Heidegger’s Existence and Being andBeing and Time. Unfortunately, there aren’t specific places in these texts to which I can refer you.

Essay

Are there, according to existentialists, grounds for the evaluation of actions or persons? If so, what arethey?

16

The Naturalistic Fallacy

Reading

• George Edward Moore. Principia Ethica. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1903. Ch. 1, §§1–14; ch. 3, §§ 39–44, 59-65.

• R. M. Hare. The Language of Morals. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1952. Ch. 5.

• Charles R. Pigden. Naturalism. In Peter Singer, editor. A Companion to Ethics. Basil Blackwell,Oxford, 1991, pages 421–431.

• Hilary Putnam. Reason Truth and History. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1982. Ch. 9.

• John L. Mackie. Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1977. Chs2–3.

• William K. Frankena. The naturalistic fallacy. Mind, 48:464–77, 1939.

• John Skorupski. John Stuart Mill. The Arguments of the Philosophers. Routledge & Kegan Paul,New York, 1989. Ch. 9 §§ 2–4.

Essay

What is the ‘naturalistic fallacy’? Is it really a fallacy? Does the open question argument show that allattempts to define goodness in naturalistic terms must fail?

17

Moral Relativism

Reading


• Simon Blackburn. Ruling Passions. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998. Ch. 9.

• Bernard Williams. The truth in relativism. Proceedings of the Arisotelian Society, 75:215–28, 1975.

• T.M. Scanlon. What Do We Owe Each Other? Belknap Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1998.Ch. 8.

• Alasdair MacIntyre. Whose Justice? Which Rationality? University of Notre Dame Press, NotreDame, Indiana, 1988. Chs 18—19.

• D.B. Wong. Natural Moralities. OUP, Oxford, 2006. Chs 1—3.


Essay

Explain moral relativism. To what is morality relative? Is it the moral view that best supports toleranceof others’ behaviour and moral views?

18

Bibliography

References

Brenda Almond. Rights. In Peter Singer, editor. A Companion to Ethics. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1991,pages 259–269.

G. E. M. Anscombe. Modern moral philosophy. Philosophy, 33:1–19, 1958.

Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis, 1985.

John L. Austin. A plea for excuses. In Alan R. White, editor. The Philosophy of Action. OxfordUniversity Press, Oxford, 1968, pages 19–42.

A. J. Ayer. Freedom and necessity. Polemic, page ??, 1946.

A. J. Ayer. Language, Truth and Logic. Gollancz, London, second edition, 1946.

Kurt Baier. Egoism. In Peter Singer, editor. A Companion to Ethics. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1991,pages 197–204.

Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Oxford University Press,Oxford, third edition, 1989.

Lewis W. Beck. A Commentary on Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason. University of Chicago Press,Chicago, 1960.

Jonathan Bennett. Whatever the consequences. Analysis, 26:83–102, 1966.

Jonathan F. Bennett. Kant’s Dialectic. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1974.

Simon Blackburn. Spreading the Word. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1984.

Simon Blackburn. Ruling Passions. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998.

Richard N. Boyd. How to be a moral realist. In Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, editor. Essays on Moral Realism.Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1988. ISBN 0-8014-9541-5 (Pbk.), pages 181–228. ISBN 0-8014-9541-5(Pbk.).

Michael E. Bratman. Intention, Plans, and Practical Reason. Harvard University Press, Cambridge,Massachusetts, 1987.

David O. Brink. Moral Realism and the Foundations of Ethics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,1989.

David O. Brink. Rational egoism and the separateness of persons. In Jonathan Dancy, editor, ReadingParfit. Blackwell, Oxford, 1997.

Bishop Butler. Fifteen sermons. In J. H. Bernard, editor, The Works of Joseph Butler. SPCK, London,1900.

C. A. Campbell. On Selfhood and Godhood. Allen and Unwin, London, 1957.

Roderick M. Chisholm. Human freedom and the self. In Gary Watson, editor. Free Will. OxfordUniversity Press, Oxford, first edition, 1982, pages 24–35.

D. E. Cooper. Collective responsibility. Philosophy, 43:258–268, 1968.

David E. Cooper. Existentialism. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1990.

Jonathan Dancy. Moral Reasons. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1993.

19

Daniel C. Dennett. Brainstorms: Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology. MIT Press, Cambridge,Massachusetts, 1978.

Daniel C. Dennett. Mechanism and responsibility. In Gary Watson, editor. Free Will. Oxford UniversityPress, Oxford, first edition, 1982, page 173.

Ronald Dworkin. Rights as trumps. In Jeremy Waldron, editor, Theories of Rights. Oxford UniversityPress, Oxford, 1985.

R. E. Ewin. What is wrong with killing people? Philosophical Quarterly, 22:126–139, 1972.

Joel Feinberg. Action and responsibility. In Alan R. White, editor. The Philosophy of Action. OxfordUniversity Press, Oxford, 1968, pages 95–119.

Joel Feinberg. Rights, Justice, and the Bounds of Liberty. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1980.

Joel Feinberg. Harm to Self, volume III of The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law. Oxford UniversityPress, Oxford, 1986.

Fred Feldman. Confrontations with the Reaper. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992.

Robert J. Fogelin. Hume’s Skepticism in the Treatise of Human Nature. Routledge & Kegan Paul,London, 1985.

Dagfinn Føllesdal. Sartre on freedom. In Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor, The Philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre,pages 392–407. Open Court, La Salle, 1981.

Philippa Foot. The problem of abortion and the doctrine of the double effect. Oxford Review, 5:5–15,1967.

Philippa Foot, editor. Theories of Ethics. Oxford Readings in Philosophy. Oxford University Press,Oxford, 1967.

William K. Frankena. The naturalistic fallacy. Mind, 48:464–77, 1939.

Peter A. French, editor. The Spectrum of Responsibility. St. Martin’s Press, New York, N.Y., 1991.

Peter A. French, Theodore E. Uehling, Jr., and Howard K. Wettstein, editors. Ethical Theory: Characterand Virtue, volume XIII of Midwest Studies in Philosophy. University of Notre Dame Press, NotreDame, Indiana, 1988.

David Gauthier. Morals By Agreement. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1986.

Peter Geach. Assertion. PR, 74:1965, 1965.

Allan Gibbard. Wise Choices, Apt Feelings. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990.

Jonathan Glover. Causing Death and Saving Lives. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1977.

Alvin I Goldman. A Theory of Human Action. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1970.

Charles Guignon. Existentialist ethics. In Joseph P. DeMarco and Richard M. Fox, editors, New Directionsin Ethics, pages 73–89. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1986.

Bob Hale. Can there be a logic of attitudes? In Reality, Representation and Projection, page ?? OUP,Oxford, 1993.

R. M. Hare. The Language of Morals. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1952.

R. M. Hare. Ethical theory and utilitarianism. In Amartya Sen and Bernard Williams, editors,Utilitarianism and Beyond, pages 23–38. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1982.

Gilbert Harman. The Nature of Morality. Oxford University Press, New York, 1977.

20

Judith Jarvis Harman, Gilbert & Thomson. Moral Relativism and Moral Objectivity. Blackwell, Oxford,1996.

H. L. A. Hart. Are there any natural rights? The Philosophical Review, 64:175–191, 1955.

Herbert L. A. Hart. Punishment and Responsibility. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1968.

Virginia Held. Can a random collection of individuals be morally responsible? The Journal of Philosophy,67:471–481, 1970.

Barbara Herman. The Practice of Moral Judgment. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts,1993.

Thomas Hobbes. Leviathan. Collins, London, 1651/1962.

Ted Honderich. A Theory of Determinism. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1988.

Brad Hooker. Ideal Code, Real World. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2000.

David Hume. Treatise of Human Nature. Oxford University Press, Oxford, second edition, 1740/1978.

David Hume. Enquires Concerning the Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals.Clarendon Press, Oxford, second edition, 1748/1966.

Douglas N. Husak. Omissions, causation and liability. Philosophical Quarterly, 30:318–326, 1980.

H. Irwin, Terence. The virtues: theory and common sense in greek. In How Should One Live?, pages36–55. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996.

Dale Jamieson. Method and moral theory. In Peter Singer, editor. A Companion to Ethics. BasilBlackwell, Oxford, 1991, pages 476–487.

Shelly Kagan. The Limits of Morality. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989.

Immanuel Kant. Critique of Pure Reason. St Martin’s Press, New York, 1781/1965.

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