ethical and leadership dimension in mahabharat
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techiquesTRANSCRIPT
Submitted By:-
Amit Singh (FT-11-1014)
Amit Goyal (FT-11-1008)
Anurag Singh (FT-11-1019)
Alishma Sahoo (FT-11-1003)
Kritika Soni (FT-11-1022)
Pallavi Shukla (FT-11-1023)
Satvinder Singh (FT-11-1027)
Ethical & Leadership Dimension of Lord Krishna in Bhagavat Gita
Submitted To:-
Prof. Saumya Shirina
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Table of content
1. Acknowledgement…………….………………………...…………………………..…3
2. Executive summary…………………………………………………………………....4
3. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………....5
4. Why did we choose Lord
Krishna?.........................................................................................................................5
5. Ethical aspect of krishna`s teaching……………………………………..……....…..5-7
When talking about ethics?
Ethical dimensions
Why did krishna support pandavas?
War ethics
6. Various leadership styles adopted by Lord
Krishna?......................................................................................................................8-9
Authoritative style of leadership
Directive style of leadership
Influencing style of leadership
Participative leadership style
7. Conclusion………………………………………….…………………………...……10
8. Bibliography……………………………………………………………………..…...11
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Acknowledgement
We owe a debt of gratitude to our learned and eminent faculty Prof. Saumya shirina for
giving us this opportunity .we owe great thanks to great many people who have helped and
supported us during this report. We would once again like to express our deep sense of
gratitude to our faculty, and academic guide, for his kind help, support and valuable guidance
during the report. Her help, stimulating suggestions and encouragement helped us.
Amit Singh
Amit Goyal
Alishma Sahoo
Anurag Singh
Kritika Soni
Pallavi Shukla
Satvinder Singh
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Executive summary
Bhagavad Gita teaches us the art of living. It brings proper perspective to our thought process
and guides your action towards success and fulfillment. It shows us the way forward.
Knowledge gives you proficiency. Applied knowledge is efficiency. Right knowledge applied
at the right time, right place and right way gives us effectiveness. Effectiveness leads us to
success and glory and that is what gita teaches us.
Generally a problem looks big and insurmountable when you don’t have a solution. The
moment you have the solution the problems disappears. Bhagavad Gita provides that answer
to our life’s problems. Running away from the problem does not solve it; it will only come
back and haunt you with even more vigour and ferocity. If you refuse to see the elephant in
the room, it does not disappear. We have to face it with courage and conviction as running
away is cowardice. Like Arjuna often we justify our inaction quoting precedents and rule
books.
In this report we try to mention the ethical path which Lord Krishna took during the Great
War “The Mahabharata” and try to reflect the leadership quality which Lord Krishna showed
during the war and guided Arjuna to achieve the victory and Lord Krishna’s obsession
throughout the entire Mahabharata was to establish a society where dharma was the guiding
principle. This is a society where there is protection and happiness for all, and where people
live in a balanced, spiritually orientated way, with respect for other people, creatures and all
of nature.
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Introduction
The Bhagavad Gita is considered among the greatest spiritual books in the world by
eastern and western scholars.
The Bhagavad Gita reveals the eternal principles which are fundamental and essential
for spiritual life from all perspectives and allows one to perfectly understand the
esoteric truths hidden within all religious scriptures
The Gita can help us learn to regulate our senses, control our minds and gain spiritual
strength
Why did we choose Lord Krishna?
In the entire Bhagavad Gita , there are many diverse characters impressing us with
their responses in the midst of great challenges.
However, Lord Krishna as a central character and he comes across as a master
strategist and tactful leader adopting different leadership styles according to situation
and people he had to deal with.
Speaking in modern parlance, Lord Krishna can be best described as ‘the greatest
crisis manager’ the world has ever seen.
Hence, Lord Krishna would be the best example when covering the ethical and
leadership dimension of a character.
Ethical aspect of Krishna’s teaching
Ethics consists of three components:
Man’s attitude towards people, all other living beings, and towards the entire
environment; they possess a developed consciousness and are advanced spiritually
who are well-disposed both to friends and to foes, to neutrals, to strangers, to the
envious, to relatives, to the pious, to the vicious.
Attitude towards god; Lord Krishna suggests regarding everything existing in the
universe as a manifestation of god in the aspect of the absolute. Love for god in this
aspect implies our love for the creation as for his integral part.
Attitude towards one’s own path to the perfection; god suggests that we regard
our lives as the opportunity to approach perfection by making efforts on
transformation of ourselves, as well as through active creative love-service to god,
which is manifested as our service to people
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In the month of magha (december) 5,000 years ago, on the battlefield at kurukshetra
just before the start of mahabharata war, Lord Krishna outlined to Arjuna a system of
ethics that has withstood the test of time in the Bhagavad Gita. Lord Krishna also tells
Arjuna not only how to build character but also the root cause of ethical failure and
how to avoid it.
Arjuna gave up the fight when he found that he was fighting against his brothers and
the relatives whom he loved and respect more than anyone. So he gave up the fight
and throws his bow (gandiv) and wept a lot.
Then the Lord Krishna encourages the Arjuna that his fight against the wrong and
injustice is very much valid and ethical at this point of time.
Here Lord Krishna explains in clear words the duties of members of a rightful society.
It pertains to functions and responsibilities according to the social rules and
regulations.
Arjuna was supposed to fight against the kauravs and was important so Lord Krishna
said Arjuna that fighting against them was ethical so he had to do his duty and follow
the karma which he was supposed to be done. Doing greater good many sacrifices is
to be made.
Ethics may seem improper some time but to make the society the better place to live
and maintain the prosperity ethical ways are to be followed.
When talking about ethics?
Krishna’s obsession throughout the entire mahabharata was to establish a society
where dharma was the guiding principle.
This is a society where there is protection and happiness for all, and where people
live in a balanced, spiritually orientated way, with respect for other people, creatures
and all of nature.
Ethical dimensions
Bhagawad geeta is the message of Lord Krishna given to his friend arjun,there was
fight of evil and unethical between kauravs and pandavas.
The work or karmas is driving force of the life and this work has to be ethical.
Managers who resort to unethical means to grab the immediate results are successful
only for short time like dhuryoddan
The lord advices that one is born into this life to play his part and whatever the role is
assigned to human, one has to perform his prescribed duties with the utmost devotion,
sincerity and humility.
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The distinction is to be made between ethical work, work which is useless and work
which is downright immoral.
If people feel that the organization which they are working is unethical, they are
caught in more dilemma like karna faced in fight.
In bhagvad gita, Arjuna asks Lord Krishna
“what is the force that binds us to selfish deeds, o krishna? What power moves us, even
against our will, as if forcing us?”
Lord Krishna replied:
It is selfish desire and anger, arising from the state of being known as passion; these are the
appetites and evils which threaten a person in this life. Just as fire is covered by smoke and a
mirror is obscured by dust, just as an embryo is developed in the womb, knowledge is hidden
by selfish desire. Arjuna, this unquenchable fire for self satisfaction is the biggest enemy of
the wise. Selfish desire is found in the senses, mind and intellect misleading them and
burying wisdom in delusion. Fight with all your strengths, o Arjuna, controlling your senses,
conquer your enemy, the destroyer of knowledge and realization.
Why did krishna support pandavas?
Krishna’s support for the pandavas was based solely on shared ideals, not on any
intrinsic favouritism.
There is an incident in the mahabharata where duryodhana complains that krishna
always favoured the pandavas.krishna’s reply was simple – “adopt a dharmic way of
life, and i will give you, duryodhana, the same support and guidance i give to the
pandavas.”
War ethics
Krishna also advised the pandavas that it is suicidal to behave honourably and
courteously towards an enemy who is willing to stoop to any level to kill you.
By the time krishna devised his seemingly cunning schemes to remove the key
players in the opposing army, all of them had themselves flouted the rules of warfare
too.
The most brutal example of this was the slaying of Arjuna’s son, abhimanyu. In such
circumstances, it is foolish to maintain decency towards people who themselves have
no decency and are trying to kill you at any cost.
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Various leadership styles adopted by Lord Krishna?
Lord Krishna changed his leadership style according to the situation recognising the
people and their potential. He clearly knew what appealed to whom and how to get
work done.
Equally outstanding are the ways in which he handled men like duryodhana and karna
at very crucial points in mahabharata. He effectively used different leadership styles
such as authoritative, directive, participative or even attractive styles of leadership,
changing sometimes as a chameleon but always safeguarding ‘dharma’ and always
working towards what is ‘right’.
Most importantly, being the people oriented leader that he was, he guided and
facilitated people to perform or achieve their goals. Imagine mahabharata for a while
without Lord Krishna and then we realise the vacuum in the absence of leaders.
1. Authoritative style of leadership
The story is about the fight between bheema and jarasandha in the presence of Lord
Krishna and Arjuna.
Jarasandha picks bheema as one worthy to fight. Bheema and jarasandha fight for
days, matching each other.
Every time bheema kills jarasandha, miraculously, jarasandha’s body rejoins. Bheema
realising that jarasandha was more than an equal match, looks up to Lord Krishna for
direction. Lord Krishna, who knew the story of jarasandha’s birth, picks up a stick,
breaking it in two halves and throws the two halves far away from each other and in
opposite directions.
Bheema understands and throws jarasandha to the ground, and splits his body in two.
He then throws the two halves of jarasandha’s body far away from each other in
opposite directions killing him. Lord Krishna appropriately uses authoritative style
of leadership in this instance.
2. Directive style of leadership
In the kurukshetra war with kauravas, Lord Krishna takes the reins as Arjuna’s
charioteer.
On seeing a reluctant Arjuna unwilling to fight and destroy his own relatives in the
war, Lord Krishna advices Arjuna in the nature of a discourse called bhagavad-gita
about the responsibilities of a soldier and the finer and broader aspects of human life.
Arjuna was a sensitive but extremely thoughtful, righteous person with a great sense
of duty. Here the tactful krishna understanding Arjuna’s personality uses directive
style of leadership effectively persuading Arjuna to begin the great war.
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3. Influencing style of leadership
Lord Krishna being a great supporter of pandavas does not spare even bhishma and
manages to find a way to tackle the veteran general of the kauravas who had led the
war for the first nine days causing extensive damage to the army of the pandavas.
Bhishma had a towering personality befitting the kings - a true soldier and a great
warrior, as strong as steel in character, symbolic of truth and duty and extremely
human. He was invincible and blessed to choose the manner and time of his death.
Lord Krishna takes yudhisthira to bhishma seeking the secret of becoming victorious
in the war. Bhishma, knowing that pandavas truly deserved to win the battle, tells
yudhisthira the secret of overcoming him as a prelude to winning the war. Bhishma
thus confronted by shikandi on the tenth day of the war refuses to consider him as a
man and throws down his bow and arrows choosing not to fight.
Lord Krishna thus uses an influencing style of leadership and tackles bhishma by
making him the general of the enemy front as an ally by a tacit understanding using
subtle diplomacy.
4. Participative leadership style
Yudhisthira, the eldest of the pandavas, was the very embodiment of satya (truth) and
dharma (righteousness). When kaurava’s guru and general drona was leading the
battle, tactful Lord Krishna uses yudhisthira cleverly. Drona was unconquerable and
was devastating the army of the pandavas.
Lord Krishna realises that the only way to rid drona was by exploiting his weakness
for his son-ashwatthaama. In the midst of all the think-tank of the pandavas, Lord
Krishna says that the only way to kill drona is to convey to him that his son
ashwatthaama is dead. Understanding that drona can only believe this story, if
yudhisthira says it, everyone look at yudhisthira to take up the responsibility.
Yudhisthira accepts the responsibility finally and says ‘ashwatthaama hathaha’
(ashwatthaama dead…) but his personality remains somewhat unblemished by clever
manipulation of Lord Krishna by getting an elephant called ashwatthaama killed and
the word elephant getting lost and unheard in the din of the battle.
A disheartened drona gives up the weapons and dies soon in the battle. Lord Krishna
thus achieves the objective of eliminating drona by using a participative leadership
style to prepare yudhisthira to accept the responsibility of telling a half truth.
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Conclusion
Lord Krishna was thus a great pragmatic and clever leader, using the resources of men
and material most efficiently and proactively. A leader in corporate world attempts to
do exactly the same, as increasingly, businesses are getting more people oriented.
Therefore there is great potential and opportunity to gain wisdom by drawing
examples from our great epics and use them as our guiding philosophy in the
corporate world as well as in our day to day life. While facing short term and long
term challenges, a leader is continuously working towards influencing people, making
powerful allies and neutralising competitors. A corporate leader is a visionary
working towards the well being of all stakeholders while being on a righteous path
(the dharma)
Lord Krishna always followed an ethical path as it should be noted that there was
neither advice nor any incident in the mahabharata where krishna would accept or
justify the killing on non-combatants. The struggle was only ever directed against the
individuals who were directly involved in upholding duryodhana’s powers through
the force of arms.
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Bibliography
Www.bhagavad-gita.org/
Www.bhagavad-gita.org/index-english.html
Http://bhagavadgita.swami-center.org/ethical-aspect.shtml
Http://conscious-manager.com/uncovering-the-leadership-lessons-of-the-bhagavad-
gita.html