ethernet networking technology overview and network design
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Ethernet Networking Technology Overview and Network Design. 1. 2. 3. Agenda. 10 Mbit/s Ethernet technology. What is a Local Area Network?. Overview of network technologies. 4. 5. 6. Agenda. 100 Mbit/s Ethernet technology. Switching technology. 1000 Mbit/s Ethernet technology. 1. 2. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 1
Ethernet Networking
Technology Overviewand
Network Design
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 2
Agenda
10 Mbit/s Ethernet technology3
2
1 What is a Local Area Network?
Overview of network technologies
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 3
Agenda
5
4 100 Mbit/s Ethernet technology
Switching technology
6 1000 Mbit/s Ethernet technology
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 4
10 Mbit/s Ethernet technology3
2
1 What is a Local Area Network?
Overview of network technologies
5
4 100 Mbit/s Ethernet technology
Switching technology
6 1000 Mbit/s Ethernet technology
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 5
What is a Local Area Network?
• Definition of a LAN• Why use a LAN?• Characteristics of LANs• LAN Topologies and Structured
Cabling• Repeaters, Bridges and Routers• Switching and Segmenting networks• Virtual LANs
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 6
Definition of a LAN
• A LAN is a system of cabling, equipment and software which allows computers to share and exchange data electronically, using an agreed format (protocol), within a ‘local’ area
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 7
Other types of Area Network
• WAN - Wide Area Network– Interconnecting LANs and users over
long distances, often on a public network
• MAN - Metropolitan Area Network– Interconnecting LANs and users within a
city area, typically by dedicated fibre optics
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 8
Why use a LAN?
• An island of information
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 9
Why use a LAN?
• Users can share data– Saves time, makes work more efficient
• Connect different computers together– A LAN can be the common denominator
• Users can share resources (printers, storage)– Saves money on expensive capital equipment– Centralised administration
• E-mail, Internet and Multimedia– Reduces paper documents, better information
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 10
LAN Characteristics
• How are LANs characterised?– By speed (bandwidth)– By topology– By special features– By their target application
• LAN technologies are optimised for certain application areas
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 11
Network Topologies
BUSNodes are all connected
to the same circuit
RINGNodes are connected
in a daisy chain
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 12
Network Access Methods
Token PassingNodes wait their turn
to use the network
ContentionNodes try to use the network at any time
T
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 13
Network Wiring Topologies
Bus Ring
STAR wiring
topology
Nodes are physically wired to a central point
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 14
Structured Cabling
• Uses UTP for floor wiring• Uses Fibre for backbone connections• Many more wires installed than users
- flood wiring• All cables star-wired from central
points• Flexible, resilient, future proof, easy
moves
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 15
Connecting nodes to a LAN
Network Operating System
(NOS) Software
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Cable
Communicationby an agreed
Protocol
Network Hub
To other hosts on the network
MACAddress
“DTE”
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 16
Network Protocols• Protocols are the “language” used
on a network• The network just sends and
receives packets of data, while the protocol ensures that the right data is delivered to the right place
• Using common protocols allows computers from different manufacturers to exchange data
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 17
Protocols defined...
A protocol is a common system where both parties acknowledge the same rules governing communication.
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 18
Interconnecting Networks
• Three ways to join network segments together: Repeaters, Bridges and Routers
• Repeaters extend physical networks• Bridges link networks of the same
type together• Routers connect networks of
different types together
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 19
Connecting network segments with Repeaters
Repeater
All network traffic visible to all the nodes on the network
Repeater forwards all
activity
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 20
Connecting network segments with Bridges
Bridge
Local Traffic stays on local
segment
Local Traffic stays on local
segment
Bridge only forwards traffic intended for the other network
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 21
Connecting networks together with Routers
Router
Router
Local Traffic stays on local
segments
Routers transfer protocol-specific traffic (e.g. IP, IPX) between different network types, e.g. across a WAN
WAN X.25, Frame Relay, ISDN etc.
Local Network
Remote Network
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 22
Summary
• Networks allow computers to share data quickly and cheaply
• Networks are a combination of hardware and software
• Network technologies can be shared or switched, or a mix of both
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 23
10 Mbit/s Ethernet technology3
What is a Local Area Network?
5
4 100 Mbit/s Ethernet technology
Switching technology
6 1000 Mbit/s Ethernet technology
2 Overview of network technologies
1
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 24
Overview of Network technologies
• Ethernet: 10 Mbit/s • Fast Ethernet: 100 Mbit/s • Gigabit Ethernet: 1000 Mbit/s • IBM Token Ring: 4 and 16 Mbit/s• 100VG-AnyLAN: 100 Mbit/s • FDDI: 100 Mbit/s • ATM: 25, 155 and 622 Mbit/s
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 25
Ethernet Technologies
• 10 Mbit/s Ethernet– One of the oldest network technologies,
and still the most popular
• Fast Ethernet (100 Mbit/s)– Upgrade route from 10 Mbit/s, providing
higher performance
• Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbit/s)– The next generation for servers and
backbones, providing very high throughput
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 26
Gigabit Ethernet
• Promoted by the Gigabit Ethernet Alliance
• Being standardised in IEEE 802.3z, due in 1998
• Uses same CMSA/CD technology as Ethernet, running at 1000 Mbit/s
• Gigabit Ethernet on copper cabling is a special problem
• High-performance backbone technology
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 27
Network Technologies: Summary
• Networking technologies can be classified by their access mechanism
• Contention-based technologies are less efficient than other solutions, but the overall cost of ownership is lower
• Ethernet covers all parts of a LAN from desktop to backbone
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 28
10 Mbit/s Ethernet technology3
2
1 What is a Local Area Network?
Overview of network technologies
4 100 Mbit/s Ethernet technology
5 Switching technology
6 1000 Mbit/s Ethernet technology
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 29
10 Mbit/s Ethernet
• Origins of 10 Mbit/s Ethernet• How Ethernet works
– CSMA/CD operation– Full and Half Duplex modes– Ethernet frames
• Components of an Ethernet LAN– Software and Network Interface Card– Transceivers and Cabling– Repeaters and Hubs– Switches
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 30
Origins of 10 Mbit/s Ethernet
• Original system design by DEC, Intel, and Xerox (hence DIX Ethernet)
• Designed in 1970’s, first specifications 1980
• Ethernet type II adopted as IEEE 802.3 10BASE-X, first published in 1985
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 31
How Ethernet works 1• All transmission is at 10 million bits per second
(0’s or 1’s)• Users are connected to common cable (media)• Access to the media is by a simple set of rules
known as Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detect (CSMA/CD).– Listen for silence on cable (CS)– Transmit data without waiting your turn (MA)– If you hear someone else talking - stop sending,
and wait for a random time before trying again (CD)
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 32
How Ethernet Works 2
1. Send when the network is quiet
2. Collision is detected if another station sends
3. Both stations wait for a random time
4. Re-send again when the network is quiet
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 33
Full and Half Duplex 1
• Normal Ethernet only allows one frame on the cable at a time (Half Duplex)
• UTP and fibre optics use separate circuits for Transmit and Receive
• Full Duplex allows frames to be sent and received at the same time over a point-to-point link
• Both ends must support Full Duplex• Repeaters cannot support full duplex
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 34
Full and Half Duplex 2
Half Duplex Operation
Transmit only - OK
Receive only - OK
Transmit and Receive = Collision
Full Duplex Operation
Transmit and Receiveat same time on separatecircuits - OK
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 35
How Data is Transferred
• All data is transferred in ‘packets’• A packet of data has addressing details
at the start, and error checking data at the end. This is known as a ‘frame’
• Moving data in small pieces gives everyone an equal chance to get their data through
• Smaller packets are more likely to be delivered without errors
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 36
The Ethernet Frame
• Preamble allows timing alignment
• Start Of Frame delimiter indicates start of frame
• CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is a checksum to ensure the frame was received OK
• Total frame length varies from 64 to 1,518 bytes (after SOF delimiter)
Preamble CRC (checksum)
Data 46 - 1500 Bytes
Source MAC Address
DestinationMAC Address
SOFdelimiter Type/length
6 bytes 6 Bytes 2 4
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 37
Components of an Ethernet LAN
Shared cableExternal Transceiver
Drop cable (external XCVR)
Network Interface card
Software
Point-to-point link cable (integral XCVR)
Hub:Repeater, Bridge, Switch
orRouter
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 38
Network Interface Card
• The Network Interface Card (NIC) contains:– the connection to the transceiver, or
a built-in transceiver– circuitry for generating frames and
accessing the network– the physical MAC address– a software interface to the protocol
software in the host
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 39
Transceivers
XCVR
• Transceivers provide the electrical and physical connection between the Adapter and the shared network cable
• This type of transceiver is not used much today as most NICs have this function built in.
AUI drop cable
Thick Ethernet Cable
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 40
Current Transceiver Uses
• Connecting standard hub/router/switch AUI interfaces to cable media
• Connecting ‘legacy’ cards to newer cabling
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 41
Ethernet Cable Options
10Base5
10Base2
10BaseT100BaseTX
10BaseFL100BaseFX
Thick Ethernet
Thin Ethernet
Twisted Pair (UTP)
Fibre Optic
BNC
RJ45SMA* Screw typeST BayonetSC Dual Mini
AUI connection viaVampire Tap
Ethernet Cable Connector
The cable provides physical connection between the adapter cards. Multiple cable types are available.
Usage
Half-duplexshared cable
Full-DuplexPoint-to-point link
Half-duplexshared cable
Full-DuplexPoint-to-point link
* SMA now obsolete, no new equipment manufactured to support this standard
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 42
Ethernet Cable Options
10BaseFL100BaseFX
Fibre Optic
Lucent LCNew sub-miniature SC
3M Volition VF-45Fibre version of RJ-45
AMP MT-RJFibre version of RJ-45
New fibre connectors becoming widespread during 1999/2000.
Full-DuplexPoint-to-point link
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 43
Cable Distances and Taps
10BASE5 = 10 Mbps Baseband 500 metres length (100 taps)
10BASE2 = 10 Mbps Baseband 200 (185)metres (30 Taps)
10BASE-T =10 Mbps Baseband (100 metres) Twisted pair (single Tap)
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 44
10 Mbit/s Repeaters
• 10 Mbit/s Repeaters allow more users AND more distance
• Repeaters do a number of tasks:– restore the signal levels (amplify signal)– ensure that collisions are recognised,
and stop anyone else transmitting until it is safe
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 45
• Si può vedere l’hub come un multiport repeater.
• Come nel coassiale esiste la regola dei 4 repeater negli hub a 10Mb/s
Four Repeater Roule
HubHub
HubHub
HubHub
HubHub
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 46
Ethernet 5-4-3 RuleRepeater
Repeater
Repeater
Repeater
Multinode Segment
Multinode Segment
Multinode Segment
Link Segment
Link Segment
• Maximum of five segments• Maximum of four repeaters between any two nodes• Maximum of three multi-node segments
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 47
Why are there Limits?• Transmission from a user down the
network cable takes time.• All users must see transmission before
user has transmitted half of his frame.• This may need to checked by
calculating the Round Trip Delay Time.– i.e. RT Delay < time for min frame length– or time for 64 Bytes (512 Bit times)
• The 5-4-3 rule is usually sufficient for 10 Mbit/s Ethernet
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 48
Ethernet Hubs
• Hubs provide a central connection point for networks
• Commonly used with Structured Cabling Schemes
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 49
Hubs and Management
• Hubs can be combined to create one big repeater - stackable, chassis based
• Flexible options for integrating all media types
• Management features allow network supervisors to see traffic flow and solve problems fast
• Other advanced features also added– e.g. security
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 50
10 Mbit/s Ethernet: Summary
• Repeater– copies everything from one segment to
another: collisions, fragments, all frames including broadcasts
• Bridges and Switching Hubs– Selected frames including broadcasts are
copied, based on the destination MAC address
• Router– Copies / converts selected frames based on
protocol address
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 51
10 Mbit/s Ethernet technology3
2
1 What is a Local Area Network?
Overview of network technologies
4 100 Mbit/s Ethernet technology
5 Switching technology
6 1000 Mbit/s Ethernet technology
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 52
100 Mbit/s Ethernet
• Relationship with 10BASE-X• Media options and technologies• Repeaters and configuration rules• Media Independent Interface (MII)• N-Way Auto-Negotiation• 100BASE-X switching
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 53
100BASE-X Networks
• Based on CSMA/CD• Transmission at 100 Million Bits
per second• Uses same frames as 10 Mb
Ethernet– Whole protocol stack and NOS remain
unchanged– Easy migration from existing systems
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 54
Auto-Negotiation (Nway)
• Nway auto-negotiation– Negotiation of a ‘way’ from N options– Happens between the two ends of a
link– Fastest available ‘way’ is selected– If only one end has Nway then speed
is detected (but not always duplex mode)
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 55
MII - Media Independent Interface
• MII is a standardised interface between a 100BASE-X transceiver and the connected station (DTE)
• The DTE can control the transceiver function, e.g. full/half duplex & speed
• The transceiver can ‘declare’ its capabilities to the DTE
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 56
100BASE-X Media Options
Cable IEEE 802.3u Standard Pairs Used Distance
UTP Cat 5 100BASE-TX 2 100mUTP Cat 3,4,5 100BASE-T4 4 100mFibre 100BASE-FX 2 fibres 412m*Fibre 100BASE-FX 2 fibres 2000m**
* Half Duplex DTE-DTE ** Full Duplex DTE-DTE
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 57
100BASE-X Technologies: TX
• 100BASE-TX– Uses two twisted pairs– Same system as 10BASE-T but faster!– Must have Category 5 cable to run on– Max distance 100m– Full or Half duplex possible
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 58
100BASE-X Technologies: FX
• 100BASE-FX– Uses two 62.5/125 multimode fibres – Operates at 1300nm (10BASE-FL
operates at 850nm)– Full duplex is possible but no auto-
negotiation– The maximum link length depends on
the configuration of the network • i.e. it gets shorter if you have a repeater
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 59
100BASE-X Repeaters
• Primary use for 100BASE-X repeaters is to add more users
• Otherwise the same functions as 10BASE-X repeater
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 60
100BASE-X Repeater Classes
• IEEE 802.3u defines two classes of repeater according to signal delay– Class I (the worst class!)
• delay of less than 140 bit times
– Class II• delay of less than 92 bit times
• 1 bit time is 1/100,000,000th of a second (10 nanoseconds)
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 61
100m
Basic Configuration Rules
• Maximum of one Class I repeater in a collision domain
• Maximum of 2 Class II repeaters, but limited distance
Class I
100m 100m
Class II
100m
5mClass II
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 62
Calculating complex configurations
• As with 10 Mbit/s Ethernet, the Round Trip Delay time must be less than 512 bit times to guarantee collision detection
• The basic rules about repeaters only cover the situations in the previous slide, so always calculate anything else
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 63
Calculating the Delay
“Typical bit time delays” for 100 Mbit/s network components
Component Delay per metre Max delayTwo TX/FX DTEs 100Two T4 DTEs 138One T4 and one TX/FX DTE 127Cat 3 Cable Segment 1.14 114 (100m)Cat 4 Cable segment 1.14 114 (100m)Cat 5 Cable segment 1.112 111.2 (100m)Shielded Twisted Pair Cable 1.112 111.2 (100m)Fibre Optic Cable 1.0 412 (412m)Class I Repeater 140Class II Repeater all TX/FX 92Class II Repeater with any T4 67AT-MC101 40
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 64
Example Calculation 1
100Mbps Hub 100Mbps Hub60m Fibre
80m UTP 100m UTP
Device Delay (bit times)Two DTEs 100180m Cat 5 UTP 2002* Class II Repeaters 18460m Fibre segment 60margin 4TOTAL 548
The above system is outside the limits and will not function correctly
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 65
Example Calculation 2200m Fibre
100m UTP
Device Delay (bit times)Two DTEs 100100m Cat 5 UTP 111Class II Repeater 92200m Fibre segment 200Margin 4TOTAL 507
The above system is within the 512 bit time limit so will work OK.
100Mbps Hub
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 66
Switched 100 Mbit/s
• Similar to switched 10 Mbit/s Ethernet• Most 100 Mbit/s switches support 10
Mbit/s ports too• Requires an order of magnitude
increase in throughput– 160 Mb/s for 16 port 10Mbps switch– 1.6 Gb/s for 16 port 100Mbps switch
• Key application as backbone switch
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 67
100 Mbit/s Ethernet: Summary
• 100 Mbit/s and 10 Mbit/s Ethernet use the same CSMA/CD technology and software
• Shared multi-drop cables are not supported• Round Trip Delay time calculations are
essential for network design• 100 Mbit/s can be integrated into a 10
Mbit/s network only with switching technology
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 68
H H
H H
H H
H H
H H
100 Mbit/s Ethernet: Summary
• Distances are more restricted so 100Mbps tends to be switch-centric in design.
SS S
S
S
H SS
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 69
10 Mbit/s Ethernet technology3
2
1 What is a Local Area Network?
Overview of network technologies
5
4 100 Mbit/s Ethernet technology
Switching technology
6 1000 Mbit/s Ethernet technology
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 70
Switching Technology 1
– The maximum bandwidth available on a shared network is limited to the network speed, regardless of the number of nodes
– The maximum traffic that these nodes could generate is more than the network could carry
– Sharing the same media introduces a bottleneck
Conversation
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 71
Switching Technology 2
Three simultaneo
us conversatio
ns
A Switching Hub at the centre of the network can handle multiple point-to-point conversations at the same time
The use of the network is more efficient
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 72
Segmenting Networks 1
• Very large networks are less efficient, even with switching technology
• It is unusual for all users on a large network to need frequent communications with all other users
• Segmenting a large network into functional groups improves performance and manageability
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 73
Segmenting Networks 2
100%
• Large networks generate a lot of traffic at the hub in the centre
• The broadcast load is proportional to the square of the number of nodes
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 74
Segmenting Networks 3
25%Non-
broadcast inter-
network traffic
Broadcast load is
quartered
25%
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 75
Switched 10 Mbit/s• Switch separates traffic that is sent direct
from station to station - Datagrams.• MAC addresses are learned from
incoming frames.• Frames are only sent out of port where
the destination address resides.• Broadcast frames are forwarded to all
ports, to the MAC address FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 76
Switching Techniques 1
Store and forward switchingWhole frame buffered in memory, then sent
Preamble CRC
Data 46 - 1500 Bytes
Source Address
Destination AddressSOF delimiter Type/length
6 bytes 6 Bytes 2 4
Cut-through switchingForwarding started just after the destination MAC address arrives
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 77
Switching Techniques 2
Fragment-free cut-through
frame forwarded after 64 Bytes
Preamble
CRC
Data 46 - 1500 Bytes
Source Address
Destination AddressSOF delimiter Type/length
6 bytes 6 Bytes 2 4
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 78
Segment Switching
• Switch is used to ‘feed’ hubs.• Small groups of users share 10 Mbit/s
segments from switch e.g. Turbo Stack• Reasonable MAC address capacity
required• Extra features
hub
hub
hub
hub
switch
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 79
Workgroup Switching
• Small switch provides dedicated switch ports to individual ‘power’ users.
• Low MAC address capacity required• Low cost per port
Switch
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 80
Backbone/Enterprise Switching
• Large, high capacity switch used to connect backbone segments of large networks.
• Huge MAC address capacity required• Modular design - chassis based• Very high throughput capability
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 81
Bandwidth Switching
• Switches can be used to connect segments of different speeds, e.g. 10 and 100 Mbit/s
• The 10 Mbit/s segments can be ‘multiplexed’ onto the 100 Mbit/s segment
• The switch must use Store-and-Forward to change the bandwidth
Switch100 Mbit/s
10 Mbit/s
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 82
Rules for using Switches
• Switch is essentially a bridge, so start any repeater counts again.
• Too many switches in network could cause delay. IEE 802.3 says max 7 bridges. (This is an arbitrary number based on Token Ring limitations)
• Keep number of hops to main servers low.
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 83
Sw
10 Mbps
100 Mbps
….
Hub Dual-Speed Autosensing
• Reti miste: con utenti a 10 e 100 mbps• Configurazione Stackable: facilmente espandibile• Percorso di migrazione da Ethernet a Fast
Ethernet
SwitchModule
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 84
Virtual LANs (VLANs) 1
• A company-wide network may not be the right solution, due to high traffic and security issues
• The user may want to divide their big network into smaller sections
• But, flexibility is also needed as people move around
• A “Virtual Network” solves this problem
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 85
Virtual LANs 2
Virtual Network Virtual Network SwitchSwitch
VLAN “A”VLAN “A”
VLAN “B”VLAN “B”
VLAN “C”VLAN “C”
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 86
10 Mbit/s Ethernet technology3
2
1 What is a Local Area Network?
Overview of network technologies
6
4 100 Mbit/s Ethernet technology
1000 Mbit/s Ethernet technology
5 Switching technology
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 87
The pressure on networks today
• Traffic Flows have changed– Used to be 80% local, 20% backbone– Now 20% local and 80% backbone
• User requirements have changed– Word processing was dominant– Now Internet use is the dominant application
• Application useage has changed– It only takes 8 bytes to send the word ‘airplane’– It takes 80,000 bytes to send an image of an airplane– It takes 8,000,000 to send a video clip of an airplane
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 88
1000Mbps Gigabit Systems
• Same frame formats and protocols as 10/100 Ethernet
• Same Full/Half Duplex mode• Same management (SNMP/RMON)
systems• Primarily a fibre based technology• Standardised by IEEE as 802.3z
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 89
1000BaseX Cable Options
Standard Media Range
1000BaseLX Single Mode Fibre 3km+
1000BaseLX Multi-Mode Fibre 550m
1000BaseSX Multi-Mode 300m
(most common type)
1000BaseCX Twinaxial Cable 25m
1000BaseT UTP 100m
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 90
1000BaseX Media
• The basic media carrier for 100Base is the GBIC
• GBICs are a media independent device (similar to transceiver in 10Base)
• Provide plug in options for SX or LX fibre
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 91
1000BaseX Hardware
• Switches and Routers for Networks
• Two primary types of switch– Core Switches……Multiple Gigabit ports
– Edge Switches……Multiple 10/100 ports 1 or 2 Gigabit ports
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 92
A new layer of performance
100Base Hub
10Base Hub 10Base Hub
10Base Switch
100Base Switch
1000Base Edge
100Base Hub
10Base Hub 10Base Hub
10Base Switch
100Base Switch
1000Base Edge
1000Base Core
Perfo
rman
ce
Basic Ethernet B03 Slide 93
Thank you for your attention