ethanol from corn stover brandon landry, sam beck, rheagan chambers, allie williams
TRANSCRIPT
Ethanol from Corn Stover
Brandon Landry, Sam Beck, Rheagan Chambers, Allie Williams
Objectives
Objective: to produce fuel-grade ethanol from corn stover on an industrial level
History
Ethanol vs Gasoline
General Flowchart
Detailed Flowchart
Pretreatment
Hydrolysis/Fermentation
Purification
Cost Analysis
Conclusion
References
History of Ethanol Production
1826
•Ethanol first used by Samuel Morey to power an engine
1862
•Union Congress imposed a $2 tax on ethanol to help pay for the Civil War.
1906-
08
•Tax was removed and made ethanol an alternative to gasoline.•Henry Ford produced the Model-T (flex-fuel vehicle)
1941-
45
•Demand/ Production increased due to World War II
1974
•The Solar Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act led to research and development of the conversion of biomaterials into useful fuels.
1979
•Amoco Oil company began the marketing of commercial alcohol-blended fuels
1992
•The Energy Policy Act defined that E-85 is an alternative to transportation fuels.
1997
•Mass production of flex-fuel vehicles began
Ethanol vs Gasoline
Ethanol Low emission levels
Renewable fuel
Quickly biodegradable
Gasoline Higher emission levels
Nonrenewable
General Flowchart
Figure 1. Four main steps involved in ethanol production from lignocellulosic material.
Detailed Flowchart.
Calcium oxide
Calcium oxide
Figure 2. Flowchart for producing ethanol from corn stover.
Pretreatment
Physico-Chemical Pretreatment
o Hammer Mill Reduces size of corn stover
o Alkali Treatment Calcium oxide
Improves biomass digestibility
Improves biomass conservation
Figure 3. Hammer mill device used to crush corn stover.
Hydrolysis/Fermentation
Simultaneous Saccharification and Hydrolysis (SSF) Cost effective
Requires less energy
Produces higher yield than separate processes
Lower risk of contamination
Figure 4. Simplified flow diagram for Simultaneous Saccharification and Hydrolysis (SSF).
Purification
Molecular Sieves Used in Industry
Trap water molecules based on molecular weight properties
Graded based on internal pore diameter
Type 3Å used for ethanol dehydration
Figure 5. Molecular Sieve Diagram
Mass Balance
Figure 6. Mass balance of production.
Cost Analysis
Conclusion
Our Ethanol Production Process Input of 57 ton/hr of corn stover produces a yield of 16 ton/hr of ethanol
Ethanol Production Benefits Reduces greenhouse gas emission
Renewable
Creates jobs
Reduces U.S. dependency on imported oil
References
"Ethanol Timeline." Green Plains Renewable Energy. N.p., June 2008. Web. 23 Feb. 2014.
Bothast, R. J., and M. A. Schilcher. "Biotechnological Processes for Conversion of Corn intoEthanol." Www.agro.uba.ar. National Corn-To-Ethanol Research Center, Southern
Illinois University, 14 Dec. 2004. Web. 1 Mar. 2014.
Taherzadeh, Mohammed J., and Keikhosro Karimi. "Enzyme Based Hydrolysis Processes forEthanol from Lignocellulosic Materials: A Review." Www.ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu. North
Carolina State University, 2 Nov. 2007. Web. 1 Mar. 2014