ethanol byproduct use by feedlots g. erickson, t. klopfenstein & many students
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Ethanol byproduct useby feedlots
G. Erickson, T. Klopfenstein & many students
DRY MILLING-WDG(+S)GRAIN
GRIND, WET, COOK, ENZYMESYEAST
FERMENTATION
STILL ALCOHOL & CO2
STILLAGE
DISTILLERS GRAINSWDG, DDG
DISTILLERS SOLUBLESWDGSDDGS
Abengoa Bioenergy, York, NE
WET MILLING-CGF
CORNSTEEP
GRIND
SEPARATION
WET CORN GLUTEN FEED
STARCH, SWEETENER, ALCOHOLGLUTEN MEALCORN OIL
STEEP CORN BRAN
DRY CORN GLUTEN FEED
SEM, screenings, dist solubles
Cargill wet milling, Blair, NE
Byp
rod
uct
s
• WDGS, modified (45% DM) • WDGS, traditional (35% DM)• DDGS (90% DM)• Syrup, distillers solubles, CCDS
• WCGF (45% DM)• WCGF-Sweet Bran (60% DM)• DCGF• Steep
• “new” distillers grains
Testing Protocol
• Six Nebraska Dry Milling Ethanol Plants (WDGS and MDGS)– 4 sampling periods (one year)
• 10 samples*d-1
• 5 consecutive d• July, February, April, June
• 1 sample = 1 truck-load leaving plant– From the truck or pile to be loaded– Mixed and sub-sampled
Dry Matter Variation in WDGS
Overall
Min. 30.7 28.5 26.2 26.5
Max. 35.2 37.2 35.8 35.1
Period 2
Min. 32.0 28.5 26.21 26.5
Max. 33.5 34.4 33.91 32.0
CV% 1.2 4.0 7.1 0.9
Day CV% 0.9 2.0 2.5 0.8
I II III IV
Ethanol Plant
129%.
Nutrient Averages (All Plants)
• 31.0% CP• 11.9% Fat• 0.83% P• 0.77% S
Fat Results and Variation
Plant
A B C D E F
Min Fat% -load
11.2 7.2 11.6 10.4 9.4 9.6
Avg Fat% 12.1 11.0 13.0 12.2 11.0 12.0
Max Fat% -load
13.0 12.8 15.3 13.7 13.5 13.5
Fat Average by Plant within Period Range 10.2-13.3%
Sulfur Results and VariationPlant
A B C D E F
Min S% -load
0.44 0.58 0.60 0.61 0.65 0.71
Avg S% 0.71 0.74 0.76 0.83 0.76 0.85
Max S% -load
1.72 0.84 0.97 1.26 0.93 1.04
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1 26 51 75 100 125 150 175 200 227 264 289
Sample
Sulfu
r (%
DM
)
Sulfur% -- Period 1
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1 26 51 76 101 126 151 176 201 226 251 276
Sample
Sul
fur
(%D
M)
Sulfur% -- Period 4
Use
• Inclusion < 15% (2-3 lb): protein
• Inclusion > 15% (4+ lb): energy
UNL Studies UsedExperiment Year Diet DM % WDGS Hd/TxSindt et al. 1990 0, 5.2, 12.6, 40 40Larson et al. 1991 0, 5.2, 12.6, 40 40Ham et al. 1992 0, 40 32Fanning et al. 1997 0, 30 20Vander Pol et al. 2002 0, 20, 40 10Vander Pol et al. 2004 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 48Buckner et al. 2005 0, 30 50Corrigan et al. 2005 0, 15, 27.5, 40 40Luebbe et al. 2005 0, 15, 30 32
Linear P < 0.01
Average Daily Gain
y = -0.0005x2 + 0.0279x + 3.4669
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
AD
G, l
b
Quadratic P < 0.01% WDGS (DM basis)
WDGS Level ADG (lb)0 3.4710 3.7020 3.8330 3.8740 3.8150 3.66
Predicted Values
Feed Conversion
y = 0.0003x2 - 0.0309x + 6.4367
012345678
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
F:G
WDGS Level F:G 0 6.4410 6.1620 5.9530 5.8140 5.7450 5.73
Predicted Values
Linear P < 0.01Quadratic P = 0.09
% WDGS (DM basis)
Marbling Score
y = -0.0277x2 + 1.3078x + 517.53
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Mar
blin
g S
core
WDGS Level Marbling 0 518
10 52820 53330 53240 52650 514
Predicted Values
Linear P = 0.05Quadratic P = 0.05
% WDGS (DM basis)
Studies Used
Experiment Year Diet DM % DDGS Hd/Tx
Benson et al. 2005 0, 15, 25, 35 48Bremer et al. 2005 0, 30 60Buckner et al. 2007 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 40Ham et al. 1994 0, 40 32May et al. 2007 0, 25 96
Linear P < 0.01
Average Daily Gain
y = -0.00048x2 + 0.02466x + 3.4325
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 10 20 30 40 50
AD
G, l
b
Quadratic P < 0.01% DDGS (DM basis)
DDGS Level ADG (lb)0 3.4310 3.6320 3.7330 3.7440 3.65
Predicted Values
Cubic P = 0.54
Feed Conversion
y = 0.000521x2 - 0.0259x + 6.6201
012345678
0 10 20 30 40 50
F:G
DDGS Level F:G 0 6.6210 6.4120 6.3130 6.3140 6.42
Predicted Values
Linear P = 0.07Quadratic P = 0.02
% DDGS (DM basis)Cubic P = 0.97
Marbling Score
y = -0.5498x + 540.03
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 10 20 30 40 50
Mar
blin
g S
core
Linear P = 0.07Quadratic P = 0.13
% DDGS (DM basis)
DDGS Level Marbling 0 54010 53520 52930 52440 518
Predicted Values
Cubic P = 0.79
y = -0.0004x2 + 0.022x + 3.64
R2 = 0.87
y = -0.0074x + 6.16
R2 = 0.77
2.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.57.0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Modified WDGS level
Per
form
ance
ADGF:G
Modified WDGS
Huls et al., 2008 Nebraska Beef Rep. (in press)
Feeding Value Results
Feeding Value =((DGS G:F/CON G:F)-1)/(DGS inclusion decimal))+100
0 10 20 30 40 50DDGS FV, % of corn 100 153 123 107 100
WDGS FV, % of corn 100 145 142 137 131 126
Diet % DGS (DM basis)
MDGS FV, % of corn 100 123 127 118 109 111
Corn Price with WDGS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
$3.50
$4.50
85% WDGS Price to Corn
40 Miles Distance
WDGS Price to Corn
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
90%
75%
60%
40 Miles Distance$3.50/bu Corn Price
UNL Studies Used
Experiment Year Diet DM % Sweet Bran Hd/Tx
Richards et al. 1993 0, 25 40
Scott et al. 1995 0, 10, 21, 38 40
Herold et al. 1996 0, 38 40
Scott et al. 1999 0, 32 60
Scott et al. 1999 0, 22 48
Buckner et al. 2005 0, 30 50
Losa et al. 2005 0, 30 72
Average Daily Gain
y = 0.0126x + 3.6689
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 10 20 30 40 50
Diet DM % WCGF
AD
G (
lb)
Interceptcov. P = 0.05 L P < 0.01≠ 0 P < 0.01 Q P = 0.67
Feed Conversion
y = -0.0053x + 5.9566
012345678
0 10 20 30 40 50
Diet DM % WCGF
F:G
(lb
/lb)
Interceptcov. P = 0.05 L P = 0.03≠ 0 P < 0.01 Q P = 0.48
Feedlot Diet Issues for DGS Roughages
Corn processing
Rumensin & Tylan
Feeding greater amounts
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Storage
Do we have to feedgrain?
Sulfur/Polio
4143 finished cattle
24 “pulled” as “brainers”
Sulfur/Polio
NRC .40% S
< 20% byproduct, 0.1% “pulls”
< 0.47% S, 0.14% “pulls”
0.47% to 0.58% S, 0.38% “pulls”
>0.58% S, 6.06% “pulls”
Sulfur/Polio Recommendations
< 0.48% S – low risk
50% WDGS ≈ 0.47% suflur
Know levels in byproducts
Water S?
Maintain roughage!, increase?
High Levels of Wet Corn Gluten Feed
DRC 17.5% 35.0% 52.5% 70.0% 87.5%Item Control WCGF WCGF WCGF WCGF WCGF
ADG 3.45 3.58 3.74 3.59 3.56 3.39
DMI 22.81 23.58 23.83 23.71 22.71 22.53
Feed/gain 6.59 6.56 6.36 6.61 6.37 6.64
0102030405060708090
100
0 25 50 75
WDGS
WCGF
BP (50:50 Blend)
(%D
M)
WCGF/WDGS combination
Loza et al., 2003
3.99
4.63 4.56
3.9
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
0 25 50 75
BP
ADG
WCGF/WDGS combination
Loza et al., 2003
5.995.685.71
6.1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 25 50 75
Feed Conversion
Q = <0.05
L = 0.32BP (%DM)
Loza et al., 2003
WCGF/WDGS combination
0102030405060708090
100
0 30-0 15-15 0-30 30-30
WDGS
WCGF
BP (%DM)
(%D
M)
WCGF/WDGS combination
Buckner et al., 2006
P< 0.05
4.074.47 4.56 4.66
4.27
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
CON 30WCGF 30Blend 30WDGS 60Blend
Treatment
AD
G,
lb
CON
30WCGF
30Blend
30WDGS
60Blend
WCGF/WDGS combination
Buckner et al., 2006
P< 0.05
5.82 5.86 5.58 5.34 5.60
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
CON 30WCGF 30Blend 30WDGS 60Blend
Treatment
DM
I/A
DG
CON
30WCGF
30Blend
30WDGS
60Blend
WCGF/WDGS combination
Buckner et al., 2006
WCGF/WDGS combination
0102030405060708090
100
0 30-0 30-10 30-15 30-20 30-25 30-30
WDGS
WCGF
BP (%DM)
(%D
M)
Loza et al., 2006
3.593.89 3.87 3.96 3.96 3.87 3.76
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
0 0 10 15 20 25 30
ADG
Lb
s/d
WDGS (%DM)
Q = 0.05
L = 0.24
a b
WCGF (%DM) 0 30 30 30 30 30 30
WCGF/WDGS combination
Loza et al., 2006
6.996.67 6.76 6.67 6.62 6.71 6.80
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 0 10 15 20 25 30
Q = 0.47
L = 0.76
WDGS (%DM)
F:G
WCGF (%DM) 0 30 30 30 30 30 30
a b
WCGF/WDGS combination
Loza et al., 2006
Corn 82.5 43.8 - - 21.9 -WDGS - 43.8 65.6 43.8 32.8 32.8WCGF - - - 43.8 32.8 32.8Soyhulls - - - - - 21.9Grass - - 21.9 - - -
Molasses 5.0 - - - - -Alfalfa 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5Supplement 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Higher DGS
TRT: 83% corn 44DG: 66DG: 44DG: 33DG: 33DG:-corn -hay 44GF 33GF 33GF
-corn -hulls
DMI 26.1 25.2 26.6 24.8 26.1 25.8
ADG 4.03 4.47 4.03 3.97 4.16 3.73
F:G 6.48bc 5.65a 6.61c 6.26b 6.28b 6.93d
PEM, n 0 0 0 5 0 2
Higher DGS
F:G P = 0.06 for WDG-hay and soyhulls
TRT: 83% corn 44DG: 66DG: 44DG: 33DG: 33DG:-corn -hay 44GF 33GF 33GF
-corn -hulls
0102030405060708090
100
83 corn 44 DG-corn 66 DG-hay 33:33:corn
$, s
tee
r re
lati
ve
to
co
rn 65-$3.50
75-$3.50
85-$3.50
Higher DGS-$
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
83 corn 44 DG-corn 66 DG-hay 33:33:corn
$, s
tee
r re
lati
ve
to
co
rn 65-$5.50
75-$5.50
85-$5.50
Higher DGS-$
CONTACT: Galen EricksonC220 Animal Science; P. O. Box 830908Lincoln, NE [email protected]: 402 472-6402
Acknowledge: Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research / NPPDAbengoa Bioenergy Poet NutritionNebraska Corn Board Chief EthanolCargill Wet Milling Nebraska Beef CouncilUNL Foundation GARD US BioEnergy