Estrous Estrous synchronizationsynchronization

& ovulation induction& ovulation induction

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ReferencesReferences

Hafez, E.S.E. and Hafez, B. Hafez, E.S.E. and Hafez, B. Reproduction in farm animalsReproduction in farm animals

seven edition seven edition Gasser, C.L. and Day, M. L. Gasser, C.L. and Day, M. L.

Current and Future Estrous Current and Future Estrous Synchronization SystemsSynchronization Systems.

WAAESD Handbook of Handbook of ee strous strousssynchronizationynchronization

Estrous cycleEstrous cycle 21 days (17-24 21 days (17-24 days)days)

Synchronize or induce Synchronize or induce

Normal estrous cycleNormal estrous cycle

Estrous Estrous synchronizationsynchronization

Synchronization in Farm animals

Days to first breeding (DFB)

voluntary waiting period (VWP)

TAI or Fixed Time AI

SynchronizationSynchronization

Shortening the luteal phaseShortening the luteal phase– Luteolysis Luteolysis – PGFPGF22

– EstrogenEstrogen

Extending the luteal phaseExtending the luteal phase– Long term of progestogen 14-21 daysLong term of progestogen 14-21 days– Negative feedback on LHNegative feedback on LH

Advantages of Advantages of synchronized ovulation synchronized ovulation Can synchronize large group to ovulate Can synchronize large group to ovulate at same timeat same time Shorten calving seasonShorten calving season Reduce labor required for AI breedingReduce labor required for AI breeding Reduces overall management problems Reduces overall management problems with AIwith AI Market uniform calf crop (same age)Market uniform calf crop (same age) Improves management practices (cattle Improves management practices (cattle

grouped-closer observation, better grouped-closer observation, better feeding practices, etc.)feeding practices, etc.)

Disadvantages of Disadvantages of synchronized ovulation synchronized ovulation Low conception ratesLow conception rates CostCost Concentrated labor required during Concentrated labor required during

breeding and calving seasonbreeding and calving season Cows all calving at once (especially Cows all calving at once (especially

bad if have many calving bad if have many calving problems)problems)

Compounds used in Compounds used in ovulation ovulation synchronizationsynchronization Progestogens or progestagensProgestogens or progestagens

1. Progesterone1. Progesterone

– Neutralizes the corpus luteum and its Neutralizes the corpus luteum and its natural production of progesterone to natural production of progesterone to rearrange cyclerearrange cycle

– Used in cattleUsed in cattle

– CIDR, PRIDCIDR, PRID

ProgestogensProgestogens

2. Synthetic progestogens2. Synthetic progestogens

- Norgestomet Crestar- Norgestomet Crestar®® ( (implant)implant)

- Medroxyacetate progesterone (MAP) - Medroxyacetate progesterone (MAP) InjectInject

- Melengestrol acetate - Melengestrol acetate ( (MGA) (oral)MGA) (oral)

ProstaglandinsProstaglandins

Prostaglandins Prostaglandins

- Ceases function of the corpus luteum- Ceases function of the corpus luteum

- Must have functional corpus luteum- Must have functional corpus luteum

- No effect on developing CL - No effect on developing CL before before

5 days of age5 days of age

- No effect on waning CL after - No effect on waning CL after

about 16 days of age about 16 days of age

PGFPGF22

Natural PGFNatural PGF22

– Dinoprost tromethamine (LutalyseDinoprost tromethamine (Lutalyse®)®)

Synthetic analogue Synthetic analogue – Cloprostenol sodium EstrumateCloprostenol sodium Estrumate®®– Luprostinal Prosolvin®Luprostinal Prosolvin®– Etiproston tromethamine Prostavet®Etiproston tromethamine Prostavet®

PGFPGF22

Prostaglandin analogueProstaglandin analogue

a.a. Very similar to prostaglandin Very similar to prostaglandin compoundscompounds

b.b. Can separate the effects of the Can separate the effects of the prostaglandins (e.g. analogues prostaglandins (e.g. analogues produce less sweating in mares than produce less sweating in mares than prostaglandins)prostaglandins)

PGFPGF22

Intramuscular injection requires higher Intramuscular injection requires higher dosage than intrauterine injection because of dosage than intrauterine injection because of the short half-life of the substancethe short half-life of the substance

a.a. Metabolizes quickly once in circulationMetabolizes quickly once in circulationb.b. Half-life about 2-3 minutes; Half-life about 2-3 minutes; approximately 90% deactivated in single approximately 90% deactivated in single passage through bodypassage through body

Used in cows, ewes, sows and mares Used in cows, ewes, sows and mares IVSM (intravulvosubmucosal)IVSM (intravulvosubmucosal)

Warning::::::::>>> Causes of abortionWarning::::::::>>> Causes of abortion

GnRH agonistsGnRH agonists

Hypothalamus hormoneHypothalamus hormone

Release of FSH, LHRelease of FSH, LH

Buselerin (Cystorelin®, Factrel®, Fertagyl®, OvaCyst®)

EstrogensEstrogens

Estradiol conjugatesEstradiol conjugates

– Estradiol valerateEstradiol valerate– Estradiol bazoateEstradiol bazoate– Estradiol cypionateEstradiol cypionate

GonadotropinsGonadotropins

eCG or PMSG (equine chorionic eCG or PMSG (equine chorionic gonadotropin or pregnant mare gonadotropin or pregnant mare serum gonadotropin)serum gonadotropin)

FSH ( follicle stimulating hormone)FSH ( follicle stimulating hormone)

hCGhCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)(human chorionic gonadotropin)

Swine synchronizationSwine synchronization

1. Progestogen (Altrenogest) 1. Progestogen (Altrenogest) (R(Regumateegumate®®)) - Fed 14-18 daysFed 14-18 days- Normal estrus begins on 4-5 days after Normal estrus begins on 4-5 days after

withdrawal withdrawal - Estrus 2-4 days Estrus 2-4 days - Fixed-time 6-7 days after progestogen Fixed-time 6-7 days after progestogen

withdrawalwithdrawal

Side effects in swineSide effects in swine- Development of cystic - Development of cystic

folliclesfollicles- Lowered fertility- Lowered fertility

Swine synchronizationSwine synchronization

2. Inject 500-1000 IU of hCG2. Inject 500-1000 IU of hCG

– On days 12 On days 12

– Then Inject PGFThen Inject PGF22 about 3 weeks about 3 weeks laterlater

Horses Horses synchronizationsynchronization Altrenogest Altrenogest (R(Regumateegumate®®))

– Fed 15 daysFed 15 days– Estrus 3 days after withdrawalEstrus 3 days after withdrawal

PGFPGF22

– DiestrousDiestrous– Single injection Single injection estrous 3-5 days estrous 3-5 days

hCG and PGFhCG and PGF22

PGF2PGF2 hCG PGF2PGF2 hCG estrus

1 7-8 15 21-22 2-4 days

Sheep and Goats Sheep and Goats SynchronizationSynchronization

Ewes estrus (16 days) Does Ewes estrus (16 days) Does estrus (21 days)estrus (21 days)

Progestogen (implant or pessary)Progestogen (implant or pessary)– Implant 12-14 days sheepImplant 12-14 days sheep– Implant 18-21 days goatsImplant 18-21 days goats– Inject eCG 400-800 IU at withdrawal Inject eCG 400-800 IU at withdrawal – TAI ewe at 48-60 hrs and does 30- TAI ewe at 48-60 hrs and does 30-

48 hrs after progestogen withdrawal48 hrs after progestogen withdrawal

PGFPGF22

– Ewes 2 injection 9 days apart Ewes 2 injection 9 days apart double AI at 2-3 days double AI at 2-3 days

– Does 2 injection 11-12 days apart AI Does 2 injection 11-12 days apart AI or natural mating at 2-3 daysor natural mating at 2-3 days

Sheep and Goats Sheep and Goats SynchronizationSynchronization

Cattle synchronizationCattle synchronization

PGFPGF22

– Two PGFTwo PGF22 11-14 days apart 11-14 days apart

– Estrus 72-96 hrsEstrus 72-96 hrs

Cattle synchronizationCattle synchronization

Progestogen and PGFProgestogen and PGF22

– Vaginal pessary CIDR or PRID 7 days Vaginal pessary CIDR or PRID 7 days

– PGFPGF22 inject at 6 days inject at 6 days

– AI at Estrus (48-72 hrs)AI at Estrus (48-72 hrs)

Cattle synchronizationCattle synchronization

MGA and PGFMGA and PGF22

Cattle synchronizationCattle synchronization

Progestogen and estrogenProgestogen and estrogen– 3 mg Norgestomet implant 3 mg Norgestomet implant – 5 mg estradiol valerate inject5 mg estradiol valerate inject– removal implant 9 days removal implant 9 days – AI when esturs or TAI 54 hrs after AI when esturs or TAI 54 hrs after

removalremoval

GnRH and PGFGnRH and PGF22

Novel protocolsNovel protocols GnRH agonist +GnRH agonist +

– PGFPGF22

– CIDRCIDR– MGAMGA

Heat-SynchECP at 48hrs

-45 3+ <---14----><---12----><---7---><-46-48ชม.-><--16-20ชม.->

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