Form 9b

Estonian Values

About 1.1 mln people speak Estonian, 990 thousand of them live in Estonia.

Has been influenced by Swedish, Finnish, German and Russian.

Estonian is the official language of Estonia, though the population of Russians in Estonia is around 345,000.

Estonian is one of the smallest languages in the world that fulfills all the functions necessary for an independent state to perform linguistically.

Language

Finno-Ugric Language TreeSa

mi;

Izho

rian

; Ves

pian

; K

arel

ian;Finn

ish

Votian; Livonian; Estonian; Eryza; Moksha; Mari Komi; U

dmurt; H

ungarian; K

hanty; Mansi

The AlphabetLatin alphabetThe vowels Ä, Ö, Ü

and Õ are clearly separate phonemes

The Estonian language has 14 cases, which makes it really difficult to learn

Old currencyKroon was the official currency of Estonia for two periods in history:

1928–1940 and 1992–2011.Replaced the mark (German) at a rate of 100 mark = 1 kroon. One kroon = 100 cents. Banknotes:Freq. used 2, 5, 10, 25, 100, 500 Rarely used 1, 50Coins :Freq. used 10, 20, 50 cents, 1 kroonRarely used 5 cents, 5 kroons

Holidays

Traditional cuisineMain coursePork and potatoes

accompanied by a rich gravy and other vegetables has been the traditional Estonian main course.

Pork has been the most important meat and is eaten roasted

Typical Estonian food is also black pudding and sourcrout but mostly they are eaten only at Christmas

Black breadBlack rye bread

accompanies almost every savory food in Estonia

We have two types of bread – black and white

White (normal bread in other countries) – SAI

Black bread - LEIB

DessertsA traditional dessert

is kamaKama is traditional

finely milled flour mixture. It is eaten with sourmilk and some sugar.

Kohuke – a type of creamcheese dessert, covered in chocolate.

Thank you for listening !