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TRANSCRIPT
Estimation of Crop WatEr rEquirEmEnt in mahi right Bank
Canal Command arEa
Nidhi J. Shah, H. M. Patel
The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India.
M. H. Kalubarme
BISAG, Gandhinagar, India.
2012 International SWAT Conference, New Delhi 18-20 July 2012
CONTENT
• Introduction • Motivation of the study • Objective of the study • Study area • Data collection • Methodology and Result • Conclusion
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INTRODUCTION
Water is one of the most important inputs essential for the production of crops.
Plants need it continuously during their life and in huge quantities.
Both, its shortage and excess affect the growth and development of a plant directly and, consequently, its yield and quality.
In India, however, the frequency distribution and amount of rainfall are not in accordance with the needs of the crops.
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MAHI-KADANA IRRIGATION PROJECT
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MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY
Water requirements in Central Gujarat has been growing in irrigation, urban drinking and industrial sectors
Excessive irrigation in MRBC has resulted rising in water table in many part of command area
For proper allocation of irrigation water in potential water logged area, estimation of evapotranspiration is necessary.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
To estimate the irrigation water requirement in Mahi Right Bank Canal command area of Gujarat.
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Satellite Image
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STUDY AREA
Location of study area: 22026’00” N to 22055’00” N and 72049’00” E to 73023’00” E
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Characteristics of the MRBC command area:
Climate: Semi arid Annual Rainfall : 850mm to 1000mm Soil: Fine Loamy texture Major crops:
Rabi Season: Wheat, Tobbaco
Kharif Season: sugarcane, paddy, bajari, and groundnut
Hot weather season: Cotton, Juwar
DATA COLLECTION
DATA YEAR STATIONS NAME OF THE OFFICE
Meteorological Data
2001 to 2010 3 stations
SWDC, Gandhinagar
Rainfall Data
2001 to 2010
20 stations
SWDC, Gandhinagar
Cropping
Pattern
2001 to 2010 -
Mahi Irrigati
on Circle,
Nadiad,
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METHODOLOGY & RESULT 1) Reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo ):
Where,
ETo - reference evapotranspiration [mm day-1], Rn - net radiation at the crop surface [MJ m-2 day-1], G - soil heat flux density [MJ m-2 day-1], T - mean daily air temperature at 2 m height [°C], u2 - wind speed at 2 m height [m s-1], es - saturation vapour pressure [kPa], ea - actual vapour pressure [kPa], es - ea - saturation vapour pressure deficit [kPa], D - slope vapour pressure curve [kPa °C-1], g - psychrometric constant [kPa °C-1].
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Daily Calculated ET0 (mm/day)
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0.000
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.00015
/Nov
22/N
ov
29/N
ov
06/D
ec
13/D
ec
20/D
ec
27/D
ec
03/J
an
10/J
an
17/J
an
24/J
an
31/J
an
07/F
eb
14/F
eb
21/F
eb
28/F
eb
07/M
ar
14/M
ar
ETo
(mm
/day
)
DAYS
Reference Crop Evapotranspiration for WHEAT
Bilodra Area Gudel Area Rasikpura Area
0.0002.0004.0006.0008.000
10.00012.00014.000
11/S
ep
21/S
ep
01/O
ct
11/O
ct
21/O
ct
31/O
ct
10/N
ov
20/N
ov
30/N
ov
10/D
ec
20/D
ec
30/D
ec
09/J
an
19/J
an
29/J
an
08/F
eb
18/F
eb
28/F
eb
10/M
ar
20/M
ar
30/M
ar
09/A
pr
19/A
pr
29/A
pr
09/M
ay
19/M
ay
29/M
ay
08/J
un
18/J
un
28/J
un
08/J
ul
18/J
ul
ETo
(mm
/day
)
DAYS
Reference Crop Evapotranspiration for SUGARCANE
Bilodra Area Gudel Area Rasikpura Area
Continue…
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0.000
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
15/J
ul
22/J
ul
29/J
ul
05/A
ug
12/A
ug
19/A
ug
26/A
ug
02/S
ep
09/S
ep
16/S
ep
23/S
ep
30/S
ep
07/O
ct
14/O
ct
21/O
ct
28/O
ct
04/N
ov
11/N
ov
18/N
ov
25/N
ov
02/D
ec
09/D
ec
ETo
(mm
/day
)
Days
Reference Crop Evapotranspiration for PADDY
Bilodra Aera Gudel Area RasikPura
Continue…
2) Potential evapotranspiration (ETc ): , Where, ETc - crop evapotranspiration [mm d-1] Kc - crop coefficient [dimensionless] ET0 - reference crop evapotranspiration [mm d-1]. Two approach to calculate Kc : Single crop coefficient Double crop coefficient
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Continue…
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Crop
Coe
ffic
ient
(Kc)
Crop Growth
Kc values for Sugarcane
Kc values
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 50 100 150 200
Crop
Coe
ffici
ent (
Kc)
Crop Growth Stages (Days)
Kc values for Paddy
Kc values
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Crop
Coe
ffici
ent
Crop Growth Stages (Days)
Kc values of Wheat
Kc values
Continue…
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020406080
100120140160180200
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
AVER
AGE
ETc
(mm
)
Water Season
Potential Evapotranspiration for Wheat
ETc for BilodraareaETc fpr Gudel area
ETc for Rasikpuraarea
0100200300400500600700
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
AVER
AGE
ETc
(mm
)
Water Season
Potential Evapotranspiration for Sugarcane
ETc for BilodraareaETc fpr Gudel area
ETc for Rasikpuraarea
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
AVER
AGE
ETc
(mm
)
Water Season
Potential Evapotranspiration for Paddy
ETc for Bilodra area
ETc fpr Gudel area
ETc for Rasikpuraarea
Continue…
3) Net Irrigation Required: The net irrigation water requirement is defined as the water required by irrigation to satisfy crop evapotranspiration and auxiliary water needs, that are not provided by water stored in the soil profile or precipitation.
Where ETc – Crop evapotranspiration Re – Effective rainfall 10-08-2012 15
Continue…
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Continue…
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0
50
100
150
200
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
NIR
(mm
)
Year
Net Irrigation Required for WHEAT
Net Irrigation RequiredFor Bilodra Area
Net Irrigation RequiredFor Gudel Area
Net Irrigation RequiredFor Rasikpura area
0100200300400500600700
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
NIR
(mm
)
Year
Net Irrigation Required for Sugarcane
Net Irrigation RequiredFor Bilodra Area
Net Irrigation RequiredFor Gudel Area
Net Irrigation RequiredFor Rasikpura area
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
NIR
(mm
)
Year
Net Irrigation Required for PADDY
Net Irrigation Requiredfor Bilodra Area
Net Irrigation Requiredfor Gudel Area
Net Irrigation Requiredfor Rasikpura Area
CONCLUDING REMARKS The monthly evapotranspiration estimated using penman-
monteith method in the study area varies between 28mm to 74mm.
Average value of actual evapotranspiration (2001-2009) for wheat, sugarcane and paddy is found as 136mm, 531mm and 228mm respectively.
The NIR for sugarcane varies between 468mm and 578 mm with an average value of 509mm. For paddy, it varies between 169mm and 220mm with average value of 198mm. For cotton, it varies between 167mm and 218mm with average value of 200mm and for wheat, it varies between 103mm and 160mm with average value of 136mm.
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Continue…
Coupling of SCS runoff and infiltration model, Penman Monteith Model using GIS resulted in an integrated solution for estimating NIR in irrigation area.
Water logging can be prevented by supplying the canal water as per the crop water requirement.
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REFERENCES • USDA, Soil Conservation Service (1985), "National Engineering
Handbook", USA. • Allen R. G., Pereira L.S., Raes D. and Smith M. 1998. Crop
evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements –United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Irrigation and drainage paper 56 Produced by: Natural Resources Management and Environment Department
• Allen R. G. 2002. Evapotranspiration : The FAO-56 Single Crop Coefficient Method and Accuracy of predictions for Project-wide Evapotranspiration, International meeting on Advances in Drip/Micro Irrigation
• Allen R. G. 2005. FAO-56 Single crop coefficient Method for estimating Evaporation from soil and application Extensions. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering ASCE/January/February 2005.
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thank You…