esther johnson and julia beasy project report sts390, “media, war and peace” spring session,...
TRANSCRIPT
Esther Johnson and Julia BeasyProject report
STS390, “Media, war and peace”
Spring session, 2008
Science, Technology & Society
University of Wollongong
The report has two parts.
1. A response pack for an actual organisation. This is not an official document and does not necessarily represent the views of the organisation.
Esther Johnson and Julia Beasy’s jointly produced response pack for the Salvation Army starts on the next slide. It can be accompanied by a sound track, available as a separate file.
2. A dialogue between two students discussing the project. This dialogue is fictional. Pseudonyms were used so that the marker, Brian Martin, would not know the identity of student authors.
Esther Johnson and Julia Beasy wrote individual dialogues. These are available as separate files.
What is Human Trafficking?
Human Trafficking is the transportation of persons by means of threat or use of force for the purpose of exploitation.1
Human Trafficking is a Modern Form of Slavery
This includes: Sexual servitude Domestic labour Sweatshop and agricultural labour2,3
A Scary Situation…
The risk of sexual assault is heightened in all forms of trafficking because the victim is vulnerable and isolated whilst the perpetrator is in a position of control.4
How does it happen?
Organisations approach potential victims with offers of employment,
modelling contracts and marriages.5
These appeal to victims because they promise a better life than to what they
are experiencing.6, 7
Who does it affect?
The US Department of State estimates: Approximately 50% of victims are children8
70% to 80% are female9, 10
Case Study: Layla
At the age of 11, Layla was smuggled out of Africa into the United States in 1988.13
She was forced to raise the two children of her captor as well as doing household chores without pay.13
During this time she was repeatedly raped.13,14
Her captor was arrested and pled guilty to rape charge in 1992.15
The captor’s colleagues raised funds to assist his court case. 15
With no family or friends, Layla had no support and no money was raised for her. 15,
16,17
Layla’s Story cont’d…
History of Legislation
In 1807 the slave trade was officially abolished in Britain.18
But it wasn’t until 1948 that the UN explicitly banned slavery, which includes human trafficking, through the Declaration of Human Rights. 18
History of Legislation
In 2000 the UN adopted the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. 19
This included two protocols regarding trafficking persons and the smuggling of migrants.20, 21
Legislation In Australia
On 13 October 2003, the Federal Government introduced three particular codes for the Australian Federal Police to investigate and help victims of human trafficking. These codes address: – Slavery– Sexual Servitude and Deceptive Recruiting– Trafficking in Persons and Debt Bondage22, 23
Human Trafficking as a Global Issue
Over 2 million people are trafficked per year.24
Currently an estimated 27 million people worldwide are in forced labour, debt-bondage and servitude. 25, 26
A Criminal and Money Making Business
Human Trafficking is a worldwide criminal business of $10 billion per
year.27, 28
Where do the victims go?
Some of the leading countries that are recipients of human trafficking are:– Italy – The United States – Germany – The Netherlands 29
Human Trafficking in Australia
It is estimated that up to 100 people are trafficked into Australia each year.30, 31
Human Trafficking in Australia
In 1995 The Australian Federal Police estimated that there are up to 500 trafficked women in debt bonded prostitution in Sydney at any one time.32
Why individuals are trafficked to Australia
The demand for trafficked women in Australia is fuelled by:– A lack of women in Australia prepared to do
prostitution– ‘Customer' demand for women seen as compliant– ‘Customer' demand for women who they can be
violent towards35
Social Injustice
Social injustice causes harm to powerless individuals because of their negative group identity.36
Social Justice
Social justice is the distribution of benefits such as wages, legal rights, housing and medicine.37
It is the protection of human rights. 37
We Are All Equal
Every human being, irrespective of nationality, is equally entitled to dignity and worth.38
Human rights ensures that every human being receives this dignity and this worth. 38
Human Trafficking strips individuals from the dignity and worth they are entitled to as human beings. 38
The United Nations
The United Nations believe that it is important to protect human rights by the rule of law in an attempt to bring equality across the race of human beings.39
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Article 4: No one shall be held in slavery or servitude;
slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.40
Human Trafficking Breaks Article 4
Layla’s experience was one of slavery and servitude underneath her captor.41
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to
cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 42
Human Trafficking Breaks Article 5
Layla’s experience involved her being repeatedly raped by her
captor.43, 44
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Article 23.1 Everyone has the right to work, to free choice
of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. 45
Human Trafficking Breaks Article 23.1
Layla was forced to work in conditions she did not consent to at the age of eleven.46
Layla was forced to work without pay.46
Women are denied the right to refuse any customers or any sexual act.47
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Article 24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure,
including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.48
Human Trafficking Breaks Article 24
Layla was forced to work around the clock and without holidays.49, 50
What is The Salvation Army doing about human trafficking?
The Samaritan Accommodation victim rehabilitation houses
Stop The Traffik campaigns
The Samaritan Accommodation
The Samaritan Accommodation assists women who have been victims of Human Trafficking, slavery and/ or
slavery-like practices.50
Samaritan Accommodation Services
Samaritan Accommodation provides apartments and support for women aged 18+ for up to 12 months.51
The service is staffed 24 hours, 7 days a week to help residents with their needs.51, 52
Stop The Traffik
The Salvation Army joined with World Vision to launch an awareness campaign known as Stop The Traffik.53
Stop The Traffik educates, advocates and fundraises.53
Education
Educate: Create awareness and understanding of the issue of human trafficking– Stop The Traffik awareness packs – Various events and conferences54, 55
Advocate: Appeal to the powerful eg. the government and the police.– A petition was signed by over 1.5 million people
and presented to the United Nations to: PREVENT THE SALE OF PEOPLE PROTECT THE VICTIMS PROSECUTE THE TRAFFICKERS 56
Advocacy
Fundraising
Fundraise: Financing anti-trafficking work– Selling of Merchandise
T-ShirtsWristbandsKeyrings57, 58
A Salvation Army rescue case
Mary, a 19-year old female from Mexico was a victim of human trafficking.59
She was forced to work without pay and repeatedly verbally and sexually abused.59
The Salvation Army have helped her by providing shelter, counselling, clothing, food and legal advocacy services. 59, 60
Do you remember Layla?
Layla was alone in America without any financial or moral support.61
Mary, however, was not alone because she had the support of The Salvation Army for her recovery.62
The Salvation Army
The Salvation Army are proactive in providing assistance to victims and working with authorities to prevent further instances of Human Trafficking.
Create Awareness and Be Educated
Become informed about Human Trafficking Get involved in campaigns Discuss what you learn with others Visit these websites for information:
– Stop Human Traffic http://www.stophumantraffic.com
– Stop The Traffikhttp://www.stopthetraffik.org
Financial Assistance
Buy merchandise and/or donate to the Stop The Traffik campaign http://www.stopthetraffik.org/getinvolved/donate.aspx 63
Be Active
Organise a fundraiser and then donate the money – Send to Stop The Traffik
http://www.stopthetraffik.org/getinvolved/donate.aspx
– Or, send to The Salvation Army Communication and Public Relations Department specifying it for anti-human trafficking purposes
www.salvos.org.au64
Be Active
Assist the Australian Federal Police in combating this global problem. Visit: http://www.afp.gov.au/international/human_trafficking.html 65, 66
Pray
Pray for people who are at risk of being trafficked
Pray for sexually trafficked persons Pray for traffickers Pray for people fighting sexual trafficking 67
For Further Information Please Contact The Salvation Army Services
The Samaritan House:– Telephone: 02 9211 579468
Stop The Traffik:– Website: http://www.stopthetraffik.org/
The Salvation Army Communications and Public Relations Department for donations– www.salvos.org.au
References
Africans in America, Inc, Case Study #2 - Continental African female, accessed 1 October 2008, http://www.aiainc.org/a/p/case/case0002.html
Australian Federal Police 2008, Stopping Human Trafficking, accessed 15 October 2008, http://www.afp.gov.au/international/human_trafficking.html,
Fergus, Lara 2005, “Trafficking in women for sexual exploitation”, Australian centre for the study of sexual assault, n5, pp1-44.
Hodge, David R 2007, “Social justice and people of faith: A transnational perspective”, Social Work, v52, n2, pp139-148.
Hodge, David R 2008 “Sexual Trafficking in the United States: A domestic problem with transnational dimensions”, Social Work, v53, n2 pp143-154.
Humantrafficking.org, accessed 14 October 2008, http://www.humantrafficking.org
Miller, David 1976, Social Justice, Oxford University Press, London.
References cont’d…
Simon, Thomas W 1995, Democracy and Social Injustice: Law, Politics, and Philosophy, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc, London.
Stop The Traffik, 2006, accessed 8 October 2008, http://www.stopthetraffik.org/about/who/
The Salvation Army, Samaritan Accommodation, accessed 22 October 2008, http://www.antislavery.org.au/pdf/sa_brochure.pdf
The Salvation Army, 2007, Stop The Traffik, accessed 1 October 2008, http://www.salvationarmy.org.au/SALV/STANDARD/PC_61644.html
The Salvation Army, Stop Human Trafficking, accessed 8 October, http://www.stophumantraffic.com
United Nations Department of Public Information. http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/eng.htm. Accessed October 14 2008.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2008, The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols accessed 14 October 2008, http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CTOC/index.html
References for Images
http://www.advance.org/en/cev/502 http://www.australiaadventures.com/australia_map.htm http://www.csu.edu.au/about/maps/nswmap.html http://emptyfield.com/blog/2007/11/human-trafficking-images-
of.html http://exquwchs.googlepages.com/fundraisers http://heavenawaits.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/prayer1.jpg http://www.hrea.org/erc/Library/First_Steps/index_eng.html http://www.istockphoto.com/file_closeup/object/
3764960_australian_money.php?id=3764960
References for Images cont’d…
http://jurmo.us/2007/02/20/education-2dot0/ http://osocio.org/message/top_jobs_abroad/ www.sflifeandjustice.org/human%20trafficking.html http://solair.eunet.yu/~pokret/movement.html http://www.tradethemovie.com/images/trade_23.jpg http://traffickingproject.blogspot.com/2007/11/scotland-
provides-support-to.html http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/drip.html http://www.workingholidaycentre.com/
working_holiday_centre_tax_refunds.html http://www.worldmapsonline.com/classroommaps/
starter_maps.htm