establishing lawns horticulture mr. fitzgerald. turf facts §approx. 50 million acres of managed...
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Turf FactsApprox. 50 million acres of
managed turf in US
As of 2004, the annual value of the U.S. turfgrass industry was $35 billion.
Nationally, homeowners spend $6.4 billion per year on lawn care.
Get to know your grassType:
Cool Season• Fescue, Kentucky
Bluegrass, Ryegrass, Bentgrass
Warm Season• Bermuda, Centipede,
Zoysia, St. Augustine
Name of seed producer Seed Lot # Seed Variety % Purity % Germination % Weed or Crop Seed % Non-Seed Material Date when seed was last tested for Germination
Seed Label Information
What are you buying????
How much seed do you need?
Based on % pure live seed & # of plants required for area
GOAL Establish 1000 plants per
square foot for newly seeded lawn
Pure Seed or MixtureMixture
meets wide environmental & use requirements select mixture based on desired characteristics turfgrass vary in resistance to disease and insects
What can be mixed? Any turf that spreads by rhizomes or tillers (Fescue, Bluegrass, Ryegrass) Do not use stolon grasses, tend to segregate
• Bermuda, Bentgrass, Zoysia, Centipede, St Augustine)
pHMost lawns grow best in a soil pH 5.5 - 6.5
Low pH < than 5.0 (acidic soil) Dolomite or Limestone Avoid over liming - weak growth will result
High pH > 7.0 (alkaline soil) Ammonium sulfate , Aluminum sulfate,
Sulfuric acid
Establishment StepsRake & Remove DebrisWeed Seed GerminationAdd Nutrients & Lime
Soil Test Recommendation Phosphorous (2-3 lb per 1000 sqft)
Application of Seed, Sprigs, Sod, Plugs
Rake & Roll • ensure good soil contact
Water
Seedbed must stay moist for seeds to germinate
1st 3 weeksSeed & Sprigs
Keep moist by frequent, light watering until new root system develops
Sodding
Any turfgrass that spreads by rhizomes or stolonsBest Time: when turfgrass is actively growingAdvantages:
Instant Lawn Less Weed Competition Decrease Erosion
Disadvantages High cost
Sodding
Cost: $.12 - .35 / sqft12” wide x 2’ long to 18” wide x 6’ longPallet = 450 sq ftThickness 1” - 1 1/2”
1/2” should be soil & roots
Sprigs & Plugs
Most common: Bermuda & BentgrassSold by Bushel1 Bushel = 1 sqft of sodHome Lawn: Sprig 4-5 Bushels per 1000 Sq
ftTrays of 1-2 Dozen (4”pots)
Sprigs & Plugs
Time of Year Early Spring to Late Summer
Spacing• 10-12” apart, checkerboard
Planting set root systems completely under soil surface
Soil Contact Roll area after planting
Establishment
Mowing as soon as grass gets high enough to cut at its
optimum height
Weed Control 1st year chemical weed control is discouraged
Converting Old Lawns
Grass selection: Bermuda, Zoysia, Centipede conversion2 year for conversionSteps:
1. Cut Lawn Closely 2. Dethatch / Aerification 3. Correct pH / Nutrient Level 4. Sprig / Plug / Seed 5. Roll & Water Thoroughly
Maintenance of Established Lawns
Fertility Major Nutrient
– Nitrogen
– Phosphorous
– Potassium
Minor Nutrient– Sulfur
– Magnesium
– Iron
Maintenance of Established Lawns
Fertilizer Application Type of grass Soil Analysis Fertilizer Burn
• Salt Toxicity
• Check spreader calibration
Spreader Selection & Application
Low quality spreader can leave streak or patches in the lawn
Causing unsatisfactory control of weeds, insects, as well as poor fertilizer performance
Drop vs Rotary Spreader
Drop Spreader meter out fertilizer and
drop it directly on lawn
Small lawn Doing job as precisely
as possible is important don’t mind taking a bit
longer
Drop vs Rotary Spreader
Rotary spreader meter out the fertilizer and throw granules in a swath
very large lawnwant to get the job
done w/speeddon not have
flowerbeds nearby
When to Fertilize
Cool Season Grass Fescue Sept, Nov, Feb, April
Warm Season Grass Bermuda: April, May, June Centipede: June Zoysia: April, June St. Augustine: May, June, July, Aug
FESCUE ALERT!
Fertilize fescue with caution. Too much will make it disease prone and
drought sensitive. If you haven't fertilized in six weeks, apply
now at half the rate recommended on the bag.
Lack of Water Stress Signs
Grass turns a silvery blue in stress area Footprints in lawn, does not spring back
Mowing too low
Decrease grass ability to develop food reserves for stress & dormant periods
Expose growing point to heat/cold
Larger % leaf cut the longer period root will not grow = shallow root system
Mowingrecommended heights
Turf Height of Cut Mowing Height
Centipede 2” 3”
Tall Fescue 2” 3”
Bermuda ¼ -1” 3/8 – 1 ½ “
Zoysia 1-2” 1 ½ - 3”
St. Augustine 2” 3”
remove no more than 1/3 total leaf area
Aerification
Clay SoilBenefits
Decrease compaction Improves water movement Increases irrigation efficiency Increase oxygen exchange Increase nutrient availability
Aerification
Equipment Solid Tine Hollow Tine (Core Aerifiers) Slicing / Vibrating Aerifers High Pressurized Water & Air
• (depths from 1/4” - 16”)
Thatch ManagementOrganic material produced faster than it can be
decomposedProblems
Decrease water movement Decrease soil aeration Decrease root growth Increase insect/disease problems Creates barrier for fertilizer movement
Thatch Management
Look For Spongy Turf Cut section of turf & measure No more than 1/2” thatch
Remove Thatch Vertical mowers Power rakes Dethatching mowers
Weed Control
Pre-emergence Apply: Feb -March & Sept - Oct Balan, Surflan, Dacthal, Ronstar
Post-emergence Apply: Summer during Early Weed Growth MSMA, Trimec, Acclain, Weedar, Banvel
Moss Problem
ShadeCompact SoilPoor DrainageLow Soil Fertility Poor Air CirculationHigh or Low pH
Raking and Copper Sulfate
Change Conditions
Insects
Feed on RootsWhite Grubs / Mole
CricketsOrthene, Sevin,
DiazionMilky Spore “Doom”BT Powder
Jap. Beetle Grubs