REFORMATION

Essential Question:

What were the causes and lasting effects of the Protestant Reformation and the reaction from the Catholic Church?

CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION

Problems in the Church

Early Reformers

-Popes spent too much money- Popes and priests having children- Clergy, gambling and drinking- Popes too involved in worldly affairs

-Jan Hus and John Wycliffe - popes should not be involved in worldly affairs-Bible had more authority than Church leaders

LUTHER CHALLENGES THE CHURCH

Martin Luther - German monk challenged the selling of Indulgences (pardon from sin)

Wrote the 95 Theses (formal complaints against the Church)

Reformation - a religious reform that led to the founding of Christian churches that did not accept the pope’s authority

Luther’s main teachings:1. Salvation gained by faith alone2. Church teachings should be based on the

Bible3. Priests are not needed to interpret the Bible

MARTIN LUTHER

RESPONSE TO LUTHER

Printing Press spreads Luther’s ideas Pope Leo X excommunicates Luther in

1520 Luther summoned to stand trial at Worms Edict of Worms - Luther declared a heretic

and outlaw Frederick the Wise of Saxony protects

Luther Lutherans, new religious group based on

the teaching’s of Luther

ENGLAND BECOMES PROTESTANT

King Henry VIII of England needed a male heir

Tries to get his marriage annulled, pope refuses

Henry asks Parliament to break away from the pope and legalize his divorce

Act of Supremacy declared the king of England, not the pope, head of the church of England

Henry takes all church land and wealth for himself and remarries

HENRY VIII

ENGLAND CONTINUED

Elizabeth I, the daughter of Henry VIII, sets up the Anglican Church as the national church

Elizabeth tries to pacify both Catholics and Protestants

Priests could marry and sermons were in English to make Protestants happy

Catholic traditions, robes and gold crucifixes were kept

ELIZABETH I

THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION

Catholic Reformation - movement within the Catholic church to keep people loyal

Ignatius Loyola founds the Jesuit order set up schools converting non-Christians to Catholicism

Catholic Reformation:1. Investigated the selling of indulgences2. Approved the Jesuits3. Used the Inquisition to find heretics4. Held the Council of Trent

A. Church’s interpretation of the Bible is finalB. Salvation is faith and good worksC. Church traditions are importantD. Indulgences are valid

ST. IGNATIUS LOYOLA