Los verbos presentes de indicativos

Español 5

What is an infinitive?

Ends in –ar, -er, or –ir

No subject, no action

What is a conjugated verb?

A verb whose ending changes based on the subject of the sentence.

How do we conjugate in Spanish?

1. Find the verb.2. Take off the infinitive ending,

leaving you with the stem.3. Make any changes to the stem, if

necessary.4. Find the subject.5. Add the correct ending based on

the subject to the stem.6. Double-check to make sure the

subject and the verb agree.

What does the present-tense mean?

<subject> <verb> Sally come → Sally eats.

<subject> do/does <verb> Sally come → Sally does eat.

<subject> is/am/are <verb>ing Sally come → Sally is eating.

(sometimes) <subject> will <verb>. Sally come el viernes. → Sally will eat on

Friday.

-ar verbs

yo: --otú: --asél, ella, Ud.: --anosotros/nosotras: --amos

vosotros/vosotras: --áisellos, ellas, Uds.: --an

-er verbs

yo: --otú: --esél, ella, Ud.: --enosotros/nosotras: --emos

vosotros/vosotras: --éisellos, ellas, Uds.: --en

-ir verbs

yo: --otú: --esél, ella, Ud.: --enosotros/nosotras: --imos

vosotros/vosotras: --ísellos, ellas, Uds.: --en

Tricky subjects

___ y yo → nosotros___ y tú → Uds. ___ y ___ → ellos, ellas

 tú y yo → nosotros

Subject pronouns

Because the verb endings indicate the subject of the sentence, the subject pronouns are mainly used to avoid confusion or for emphasis.

Most commonly, they are not used.

Stem-changing verbs

Some verbs change their stems in certain forms of the present tense. They will use the same present-tense endings, based on whether they are –ar, -er, or –ir verbs.

Stem-changing verbs

The stem-change will happen in every subject except nosotros and vosotros.

The verb reír has an accented í in its conjugations.

río reímosríes reísríe ríen

Example stem-changers

e—ie querer

quiero queremos

quieres queréisquiere quieren

Example stem-changers

o—ue poder

puedo podemos

puedes podéispuede pueden

Example stem-changers

u—ue jugar

juego jugamos

juegas jugáisjuega juegan

Example stem-changers

e—i pedir

pido pedimos

pides pedíspide piden

Irregulars

decir – to say, to tell

digo decimosdices decísdice dicen

Irregulars

estar – to be

estoy estamos

estás estáisestá están

Irregulars

ir – to go

voy vamosvas vaisva van

Irregulars

ser – to be

soy somos

eres soises son

Irregulars

tener– to have

tengo

tenemos

tienes

tenéis

tiene

tienen

Irregulars

venir – to come

vengo

venimos

vienes

venís

viene

vienen

Irregulars

construir – to construct

construyo

construimos

construyes

construís

construye

construyen

Irregulars

oír– to hear

oigo oímos

oyes oísoye oyen

Irregular yo forms

meaning yo form

caber

to fit quepo

ver to see, to watch

veo

saber

to know (fact)

sé

Irregular oy forms

meaning yo form

ir to go voydar to give doy

estar to be estoy

yo-go forms

meaning yo form

poner to put, to place

pongo

salir to leave, go out

salgo

hacer to do, make hagotraer to bring traigocaer to fall caigo

seguir

to follow, continue

sigo

-zco forms

meaning yo form

conocer

to know (person)

conozco

conducir

to drive conduzco

traducir

to translate traduzco

producir

to produce produzco

-jo forms(typically –gir or –ger verbs)

meaning yo form

dirigir to direct dirijoescoge

rto choose, select

escojo

exigir to demand exijo