esa 324 - dams project
DESCRIPTION
Effects of Dams & Dam RemovalsTRANSCRIPT
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DAMS Patrick Devon
Amber Geller
Frankie Pappalardo
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A what?Merriam-webster : a barrier preventing the flow of water or of loose solid materials (as soil or snow); especially : a barrier built across a watercourse for impounding water
Textbook: basic, fundamental management tool used to control, regulate, and deliver water for a variety of purposes.
Classifications: Gravity concrete Concrete arch Earthen embankment
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Not a levee
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StructuresConcrete arch dam
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StructuresGravity Concrete
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Structures
Earthen Embankment
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Who cares?“Since 1950, the number of large dams has climbed from 5,000 to more
than 45,000—an average construction rate of two large dams per day for half a century.”
Globally, 364 large water-transfer schemes move 14 trillion cubic feet (400 billion cubic meters) of water annually from one river basin to another—the equivalent of transferring 22 Colorado Rivers.
Purposes: Flood Control IrrigationRecreationNavigationHydroelectric generation
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Primary Purposes
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StakeholdersRecreational users of
waterwaysFishing, Kayaking,
Canoeing, NaturalistsCommercial FishersLandowners
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Benefits of DamsRecreationFlood ControlWater StorageIrrigationMine TailingsElectrical GenerationDebris ControlNavigationRiver Regulation
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Negative ImpactsAltered natural and human
environmentsReduced stream flowsDegraded water qualityImpacts on migrating fishTransformation from river
system to reservoirReduced transport of
sediment
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Dam Removal?
In some cases it is beneficial to remove dams for the following reasons
Reestablishment of a natural flow regime (flow)
Transformation from reservoir to river system
Change in river temperatures and oxygen levels (water quality)
Sediment release and transport
Migration of fish and other organisms (connectivity)
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MichiganPurposes:
transport goods (ie: logs)
milling operations
electricity
flood control
navigation
recreation
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Michigan2500 dams across the
states114 hydropower
production
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Stronach DamManistee County, Michigan
Built in 1912, ~ 3 miles upstream of the Manistee River & Pine River confluence
No longer serving it’s intended purpose: hydroelectric power
Removal began in 1996, gradually restored until 2003.Since 1998 Dr. Hayes has been involved in studying the
environmental effects
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Stronach Dam
1996 2003
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Big Rapids DamMuskegon River, Mecosta CountyBuilt in 1914, 17 foot tall hydropower dam.In 1966 a portion of the dam was removed negligently.
There remained a 5 foot section of the dam which lead to several drowning deaths.
Many groups rallied to remove the Big Rapids Dam in 2000/2001.
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Big Rapids Dam
Original Dam2000
2001
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Dam Controversy
Should dams be built?Should dams be left
alone?Should dams be
removed?
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What’s at Stake?• Environmental Factors:
• Loss of aquatic populations• Damage of habitat
Social Factors:• Mortality• Water source• Recreation• Electricity
Resources:• Time• Money• Workers
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RecommendationsCost/Benefit Analysis every step of the wayDam removal should have priority over dam construction Stress and be very detailed with loss of NR evaluation Quicken the permit approval process for dam repairs and
dam removalIncrease inspection frequency of high hazard dams to
every yearEducate dam owners, consultants, emergency
management personnel, and the public about dam safety
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