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AIR POLLUTION

 

  

Sources of Air Pollution

 

 

123

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124   Environmental Science and Engineering

 

 

 

Indoor Air Pollution

 

 

 

 

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 Environmental Pollution   125

 

 

 

Bronchiole

(a)

(b)

Muscles

Alveoli

Alveolarducts

Alveolar sacs

Trachea

Rightbronchus

Basement membrane

Connective tissue

Bronchial lining

Mucus

Cilia

Mucus producingGoblet cell

Columnar cell

Fig. 5.1. Lower respiratory system of human beings (a  and b ) and

cross section of bronchial lining showing cilia and goblet cells.

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126   Environmental Science and Engineering

 

 

     

  

 

 

 

 

 

Control of Air Pollution

 

 

   

 

     

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 Environmental Pollution   127

 

   

  

 

 

   

 

NOISE POLLUTION

 

 

   

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128   Environmental Science and Engineering

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

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 Environmental Pollution   129

 

  

  

  

 

NOISE POLLUTION DURING DIWALI

 

 

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130   Environmental Science and Engineering

 

 

 

 

 

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 Environmental Pollution   131

 

 

 

 

 

Control of Noise Pollution

   

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132   Environmental Science and Engineering

   

 

   

 

WATER POLLUTION

 

 

   

 

 

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 Environmental Pollution   133

   

 

 

 

Effects of Water Pollution

 

   

 

 

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134   Environmental Science and Engineering

   

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

     

    

 

↑ ↑

↑ ↑

↑ ↑

↑ ↑

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 Environmental Pollution   135

 

 

 

 

Control of Water Pollution

 

   

 

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136   Environmental Science and Engineering

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

THERMAL POLLUTION

 

 

Effects of Thermal Pollution

 

 

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 Environmental Pollution   137

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

    

Condenser

Cooling pond

(a )

Condenser

Cooling pond

River

(b )

Fig. 5.2. Dissipation of heat by cooling ponds.

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138   Environmental Science and Engineering

    

Sprayer

Condenser

Condenser

River

Sprayer

Fig. 5.3. Dissipation of heat by spray ponds.

  

     

 

   

 

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 Environmental Pollution   139

Coolair inlet

Hotwater

Coolwater

Wet cooling tower

Warm airand steam

Coolwater

Hot water

Cool water

Coolair inlet

Fan

Dry cooling tower

Warm air

Fig. 5.4. Cooling towers: Wet and dry.

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140   Environmental Science and Engineering

MARINE POLLUTION  

 

 

 

 

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 Environmental Pollution   141

 

Control of Marine Pollution

 

 

   

 

 

 

   

 

 

SOIL POLLUTION

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142   Environmental Science and Engineering

 

 

 

Effects of Soil Pollution

 

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144   Environmental Science and Engineering

Sources of Radioactivity  

 

  

    

Effects of Radiations

    

    

 

 

 

 

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 Environmental Pollution   145

Control of Nuclear Pollution   

 

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Sources of Urban and Industrial Wastes

   

   

 

   

 

   

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146   Environmental Science and Engineering

     

 

 

Effects of Solid Wastes

 

 

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 Environmental Pollution   147

      

 

    

 

    

 

 

 

 

  

 

    

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148   Environmental Science and Engineering

    

 

ROLE OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN PREVENTION OF POLLUTION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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 Environmental Pollution   149

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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150   Environmental Science and Engineering

 

 

   

POLLUTION CASE STUDIES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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 Environmental Pollution   151

 

The Love Canal Tragedy

 

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152   Environmental Science and Engineering

 

 

 

Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster

 

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 Environmental Pollution   153

 

 

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154   Environmental Science and Engineering

 

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

 

 

 

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 Environmental Pollution   155

   

 

 

 

Floods

 

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156   Environmental Science and Engineering

 

 

 

 

 

 

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158   Environmental Science and Engineering

     

 

 

 

Cyclones

   

QUESTIONS

 

   

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 Environmental Pollution   159

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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160   Environmental Science and Engineering

   

 

 

 

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FROM UNSUSTAINABLE TO SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT

 

 

 

 

161