ergonomics ankit dangwal

8/8/2019 Ergonomics Ankit Dangwal

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ERGONOMICS

ANKIT DANGWALROLL NO. 6


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Preview1. Meaning

2. Background

3. Definition4. Examples

5. Domains

6. Applications

7. Advantages


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Background

The term ergonomics is derived from the

Greek words ergon [work] and nomos [natural

laws] .

In the 19th century, Frederick Winslow Taylor

pioneered the "Scientific Management"

method, which proposed a way to find theoptimum method for carrying out a given task.


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Frank and Lillian Gilbreth expanded Taylor'smethods in the early 1900s to develop "Time

and Motion Studies". They aimed to improve

efficiency by eliminating unnecessary steps

and actions. By applying this approach, the

Gilbreths reduced the number of motions in

bricklaying from 18 to 4.5, allowing bricklayers

to increase their productivity from 120 to 350bricks per hour.


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As defined by IEA

Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific

discipline concerned with the understanding

of interactions among humans and other

elements of a system, & the profession that

applies theory, principles, data & methods to

design in order to optimize human well-being

& overall system performance.


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Ergonomics draws on many disciplines in its

study of humans and their environments,including anthropometry, biomechanics,mechanical engineering, industrialengineering, industrial design, physiology and

psychology. To assess the fit between a person and the

used technology, ergonomists consider the jobbeing done and the demands on the user; theequipment used (its size, shape, and howappropriate it is for the task), and theinformation used.


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Examples


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2. Cognitiveergonomics: is concerned with

mental processes, such as perception,

memory, reasoning, and motor response, as

they affect interactions among humans and

other elements of a system. (Relevant topicsinclude mental workload, decision-making,

skilled performance, human-computer

interaction, human reliability, work stress and

training as these may relate to human-system

and Human-Computer Interaction design)


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3. Organizationalergonomics: is concerned with

the optimization of socio technical systems,

including their organizational structures,

policies, and processes.(Relevant topics

include communication, crew resourcemanagement, work design, design of working

times, teamwork, participatory design,

community ergonomics, cooperative work,new work programs, virtual organizations,

telework, & quality management.


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Applications

1.Human factors engineering continues to besuccessfully applied in the fields ofaerospace, aging, health care, IT, product

design, transportation, training, nuclear andvirtual environments, etc.

2. Physical ergonomics is important in themedical field, particularly to those diagnosed

with physiological ailments or disorders suchas arthritis (both chronic and temporary) orcarpal tunnel syndrome.


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3. Many ergonomically designed products are alsoused or recommended to treat or prevent suchdisorders, and to treat pressure-related chronicpain.

4. Ergonomics can help reduce costs by improvingsafety. This would decrease the money paid outin workers compensation. For example, over fivemillion workers sustain overextension injuries peryear. Through ergonomics, workplaces can bedesigned so that workers do not have tooverextend themselves and the manufacturingindustry could save billions in workerscompensation.


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Advantages

1. Healthier & fitter employees.

2. Higher productivity.

3. Lower absenteeism.

4. Lower cost to companies.


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Thank You

ergonomics ankit dangwal

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