Any substance (or food) that is believed to enhance one’s performance above normal standards

The IOC definition: “The administration or use of substances in any form alien to the body or of physiological substances in abnormal amounts and with abnormal methods by health persons with the exclusive aim of attaining an artificial and unfair increase in performance in sports”

The use substances is controversial

Large amount of athletes

Drug testing instituted to help eliminate the use of these substances

Use of these substances cannot be condoned!

Ethical violations Competition

Health problems

Reduce fatigue Increase strength, power, and

speed Decrease reaction time Improve body composition Research indicates that there

are no beneficial effects Side-effects

Tremors, palpitations, headache, restlessness, anxiety, and insomnia

Increases in both heart rate and blood pressure

Seizures, severe hypertension, arrhythmias, psychosis, hepatitis, stroke, myocardial injury, and intracranial hemorrhage

• 90% of competitive athletes consume it

• 60 % consume it for the purpose of enhancing performance.

• Increased • Work output• Speed• Attention • Reduced perceived

exertion and fatigue• Side-effects

• Sleep deprivation, nausea, cramping, anxiety, fatigue, headaches, and gastrointestinal instability

• Muscle tightness, muscle cramping, and dehydration

Narcotics Beta Blockers Diuretics Anabolic steroids Human Growth

Hormone Erythropoietin/

Blood doping Local Anesthetics Creatine

What is the drug? What does it do? How could it help

performance? What are side-

effects?

Masks pain caused by musculoskeletal injury, Allows them to

compete Side-Effects of

Narcotics Nausea Vomiting Dizziness Addiction Hypotension Drowsiness Mood disturbances

Reduces Blood pressure, heart rate,

muscle tremors and even anxiety

Relaxing effect on muscle function

Side-effects Severe blood sugar

changes and heart failure Interferes with performing

strenuous physical activities

Nausea Weakness when the heart

cannot compensate for the body's demands

Increases the amount you urinate Sports where weight is

a concern Dilute presence of

drug markers in the urine

Side-effects Life-threatening

dehydration Loss of sodium,

dizziness, headaches, muscle cramps and thirst

Male hormone testosterone Treat conditions that cause a loss of

lean muscle mass Help body metabolize proteins Facilitate the development of skeletal

muscle Delay fatigue Create a feeling of euphoria

Side-effects men infertility, breast development, shrinking of

the testicles, male-pattern baldness, severe acne and cysts

Side-effects women Deeper voice, excessive growth of body

hair, male-pattern baldness, severe acne and cysts

Other Effects of Anabolic Steroid Abuse Delayed growth in adolescents,

tendon rupture, increased LDL cholesterol, decreased HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks, enlargement of the heart's left ventricle, cancer, jaundice, fluid retention, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, "roid rage" - rage and aggression, mania, delusions

Brain produces and releases growth hormones Development and repair of cells

Proposed Benefits Increased synthesis of muscle

protein Stimulation of bone growth Increased fat metabolism Decreased body fat Increased blood glucose Enhanced injury healing

Side-effects Carpal tunnel syndrome Edema Arthritis Atrophy, or shrinkage, of the

pituitary gland

Naturally-occurring hormone Stimulates production of red

blood cells

Proposed Benefits Improved oxygen circulation

to the muscles and tissues Increased muscle energy

production Increased muscle strength

and size Increased endurance Reduced muscle recovery

time Side-effects

Thicken the blood Increases the strain on the heart Increases the risk of blood clots Heart attacks Strokes

Treating inflammation and the pain and discomfort associated with inflammation

Possible Benefits Able to play on injury area Less pain

Side-effects Hemorrhaging or bleeding Mental functions impaired Allergic reaction Destruction of the cartilage in the

joint Nerve damage Weakened and ruptured tendons Thinning of the nearby bone Increased pain and discomfort, as

well as a worsening of the underlying condition

non-essential amino acid stored in muscles for energy

formed from amino acids and plays a role in converting food into energy

kidney disease and kidney failure, water retention, nausea, diarrhea, cramping, muscle pain, and high blood pressure

Name a few things about any of the PED’s that you didn’t know before or that you found interesting.

Video

The goal of sporting organizations is to protect the health of athletes and to help ensure that competition is fair and equitable.

Sports programs should have full-service programs that provide substance abuse education, counseling, and drug-detection.

Drug testing should be performed periodically in a random manner.

Athletes, parents, coaches, athletic trainers, physicians, and administrators must be educated about the dangers of drug abuse and the fact that it has no place in sports participation and recreation.

Above all, a sports program must adopt the philosophy that “winning at all costs” is wrong.

It is essential for athletes to believe that if they do their very best and adhere to the rules of the sport, they will be doing exactly what is expected of them.