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Rhapsody: A Pragmatic approach to Model-Driven

Development

Eran GeryVP Development,

I-Logix Israel

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Presentation Outline

� Effective Model Driven Design – The Challenge� Rhapsody’s approach� Key elements of the solution� Summary

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MDD - current status…

� MDD has a big premise� Improve Productivity� Improve Reuse of IP� Improve Quality impact

� BUT only a minority of SW developers use MDD effectively throughout the entire lifecycle…

� Historically, there have been 3 common approaches to MDD � High-level design

� Documentation tool� Minor impact

� “Structural modeling” – code skeletons� Frequently phases out as design progresses… again minor impact

� Model Centric - unidirectional� Generates behavioral “black box” code� Hard to deploy� Minor impact on the industry

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ModuleIntegration & Test

SystemAcceptance

(Sub-)System Integration & Test

.exe

.doc

.exe

.doc

Document Driven Development: In Theory …

Customer Requirements

RequirementsDocument

Analysis

SpecificationDocument

Design

Implementation

DesignSpecificationDocument centric Code centric

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Document Driven Development: In practice

Costs ofDesign Changes

Time

InducedErrors

RequirementsCapture & Analysis

Analysis

SpecificationDocument

Design

Implementation

RequirementsDocument

DesignSpecification

ModuleIntegration & Test

SystemAcceptance

(Sub-)System Integraon & Test

.exe

.doc

.exe

.doc

Late iterations

?

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SystemAcceptance

The solution: Fully associative Model-Driven Development

ModuleIntegration & Test

Implementation

Design

Requirements

Analysis

Mod

el R

epos

itory

Test scenarios

.exe

.doc

.exe

.docModel centric Code centric

construction validation

(Sub-)System Integration & Test

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The Rhapsody Solution…

AutomatedApplication Generation

MDD withRhapsody

Model BasedDebugger

(Model Execution)

Application Modeling with

UML

Automated Model-

Based Testing

Model-CodeAssociativity

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Utilizing UML for pragmatic development

� UML has evolved as a “pragmatic” modeling framework� Effective for code centric “C++ in pictures” � Supports high level architectural and behavioral

abstractions� Integrates a profiling mechanism to derive domain

specific models� Rhapsody utilizes several profiles to carry out

effective development� E.g. C/C++/Java� Facilitates bi-directional flow� Language based expressions (“actions”)

� Rhapsody hosts the implementation languages to specify detailed behavior� action language

UML

UML/C++ UML/Java

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Application modeling with UML2.0

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Code Generation

� Generates a complete executable application� Employs all structural and behavioral model semantics

� Object structure construction� Statecharts� Activity graphs

� All data required to build the application� Customizable code generation

� Lightweight (“parametric”)� Heavyweight – user can modify transformation rules

� Supports “Code centric” workflow� Generation respects detailed non-model related changes

� E.g. change of order as defined by the coder� Incremental

� Instant update of code per any model change

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Code Generation Architecture

(annotated)Source code

Programming Model(reduced UML)

Transform

Generate

ImplementationFramework definition

GenerationProfile properties

Structural Models Component ModelBehavioral Models

Build files

Code Recipe

TransformationRules

GenerationTemplates

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The Real-Time Application Framework

� A set of integrated services providing execution semantics� Provides infrastructure for the code generator� Services also called from action code � Encapsulates the software platform – does not replace it� User can modify the framework implementation

� Functionality� Multithreaded event driven patterns� Threading and synchronization� Memory management� Data structures (containers)� IPC

AbstractFramework

Fram eworkImpl2 FrameworkImpl1

RTOS & Middleware

LegacyCode

Application Framework

Generated Code

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Dynamic Model-Code Associativity

� Online bidirectional synchronization of the code with the model

� Main bridge between code and model centric activities

� Open system experience� Direct reflection of the

implementation domain� Fine grain manipulation of

the implementation� Avoid the a-priory tradeoff

“coding” vs. modeling

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The CodeReverser architecture

� Synchronizes changes at code level back to the model

� Reverses the operation of the code generator

� Activated upon completion of source code editing

� Similar flow is used for RE of legacy code

AnnotatedSource code

Parser Model builder

AbstractionTransformation

Model Merger

Programmingmodel

Abstract model

Applicationmodel

Generation Profile properties

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Model based debugging (or Model Execution)

� Reflecting the application runtime state as a model state

� Driving the application from the model

� Instrumental for maintaining MDD workflow

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Model Execution/Debug approach� Based on tracing of the generated application

� The UML model is augmented by a runtime model� A trace protocol updates the runtime model� Animation: the runtime model is projected on the system model

views� Execution control achieved by control protocol� Open architecture: trace protocol API can be used with any custom

generator� Advantages of the approach

� Validation of the actual application � Portable - Independent of the target platform � Design level debug on target with HW in the loop � Concurrent source-level and model-level debugging

#include<t.h>#definemain {for (;;){}}

{while(iter){(++iter)ItsProgrammer(this);++iter }; itsCardionadremoveAll();}

<Trace

Control>

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Model Based Testing

� Testing also benefits from MDD…� Modeling of test cases� Reuse use case specifications as test cases� Visualizing test results� Automatic generation of test data from behavioral models

� Rhapsody offer two test technologies� Test Conductor – Modeling and execution of tests� ATG – automatic generation of test data

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Pass Fail

% Completion

Stimulate...

...MonitorRhapsody

Test-Conductor

Test Suite

Test Cases

User specified or Recorded

Rhapsody Test Conductor

Test behavior execution and arbitration

Verdict

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Rhapsody ATG - Model driven test generation

� Automatic generation test cases with high coverage of the model behavioral space

� Based on hubristic state space exploration� An extension of Spin´s state-space

compression techniques to cover mixed explicit-symbolic representations

� Covers states, transitions, operations, generation of events

� Identifies cases for potentially dead portions of the model

� Can be used for� Validating scenarios of a specification

model against a design model� Unit test of a design component

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And there’s more…

To make a complete development system more capabilities are needed…

� Collaborative development support� Model diff/merge� CM integration

� IDE Integration� Seamless integrations with coding IDEs (e.g. eclipse)

� Virtual prototyping and web enablement� Webify toolkit

� Customization� Various options for automation scripts

� Document generation� Rhapsody reporter

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Summary

� We have presented an MDD approach which provides� Model centric and code centric design flows� Tuning to the proper level of abstraction� Automates generation of fully functional

applications� Maintains consistency between model and code

representations� Leverages model abstractions for debugging� Leverages model for testing automation

� Rhapsody is currently used by thousands of engineers worldwide� Many success stories

AutomatedApplication Generation

MDD withRhapsody

Model BasedDebugger

Application Modeling with

UML

Automated Model-

Based Testing

Model-CodeAssociativity

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The Visual Application Development Platform

For all embedded applications