eradicating the worst forms of child...

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

COUNTRY: TURKEY

ERADICATING THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOUR IN TURKEY

Project Fiche

Project number: TR 0403.04

April 2004

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CONTENTS

Pages 1. Basic Information 4 2. Objectives 4 3. Description 5

3.1 Background and Justification 5

3.2 National Response 8

3.3 Institutional Structure 10

3.4 Results 14

3.5 Activities 15

3.6 Linked Activities 17

3.7 Lessons Learnt 18

4. Institutional Framework 19

5. Detailed Budget 21

6. Implementation Arrangements 21

6.1. Implementing Agency 21

6.2. Beneficiary 22

6.3. Contracts 22

6.4. Non-standard Aspect 23

7. Implementation Schedule 23

8. Equal Opportunity 23 9. Environment 23 10. Rates of Return 23 11. Investment Criteria 24 12. Conditionality and Sequencing 25 ANNEXES

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ACRONYMS AC Advisory Committee CLU Child Labour Unit CLMS Child Labour Monitoring System CPR Centre for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Chid Labour ILO International Labour Organisation IPEC International Programme for the Elimination of Child Labour MOLSS Ministry of Labour and Social Security MONE Ministry of National Education NPAA National Programme for the Adoption of the Acquis NSC National Steering Committee PAC Provincial Action Committee PCU Project Co-ordination Unit pNDP Preliminary National Development Plan PPCO Provincial Programme Coordination Office SHÇEK General Directorate of Social Services and Child Protection SIS State Institute of Statistics SPO State Planning Organisation SMEs Small and Medium Scale Enterprises TBPPF Time-Bound Policy and Programme Framework TBSP Time-Bound Support Programme USDOL United States Department of Labour

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1. Basic Information

1.1. Title: Eradicating the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Turkey

1.2. Sector: Social Sector

1.3. Location: This programme will be implemented in seven provinces in Turkey: Sinop, Van, Ordu, Çankırı, Kastamonu, Erzurum, Elazığ.

1.4. Duration: 24 months

2. Objectives

Overall Objective: The objective of this programme is to help make a significant reduction in child labour by the end of 2007, in line with the government’s strategy of eliminating the worst forms of child labour by 2015.

2.1. Project Purposes:

To enhance national and regional capacity for the removal of children from the worst forms of child labour and prevention of at-risk children from entering such work.

2.2. Accession Partnership and NPAA Priority

Elimination of child labour is included both in the Accession Partnership of 19 May 2003 and the National Programme for the Adoption of the Acquis (NPAA) adopted on 24 July 2003. Protection of children and young people is defined as one of the main priorities in the NPAA’s social policy and employment framework, where it is stated that: “Necessary measures to prevent child labour are envisaged.” The schedule of necessary legislative changes included in the NPAA indicates that Council Directive 94/33/EC of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work will be approved in the third quarter of 2004 and come into force by 31 December 2004. The issue of child labour is also included in the short-term priorities of the Accession Partnership (2003-2004), where it is stated that efforts to tackle the problem of child labour will be continued. In addition, Child labour is included in the 2003 Regular Report on Turkey’s progress towards accession, which points out that: “Turkey should accelerate its reform efforts concerning child labour. The institutional and administrative capacity of the Child Labour Unit (CLU) needs to be strengthened to perform the duties assigned to it. The draft law on child labour aiming at a partial transposition of the Commission’s Acquis on the protection of young people at work has to be enacted and enforced.”

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2.3. Contribution to the National Development Plan

In October 2001, the European Commission requested all candidate countries to prepare a Preliminary National Development Plan (pNDP) for 2004-2006 as an annex to the NPAA. The pNDP established a strategic framework for programming pre-accession financial assistance for economic and social integration with the EU. Preparatory work for Turkey’s pNDP began in January 2003 under the co-ordination of the State Planning Organisation (SPO) and included consultation with related public institutions and NGOs at national and regional levels. Although the pNDP does not detail policies and priorities regarding child labour, it does emphasise child labour as an important issue and contains objectives with direct and indirect influence on it. The pNDP commits the Government to implementing programmes directed at the root causes of child labour, such as those aimed at increasing family incomes, providing social welfare and security to families and reducing the costs of education for the poor. As stated in the pNDP, the Government’s plans to increase the period of compulsory education from eight to 12 years and to increase enrolment rates at all levels of education will contribute immensely to the elimination of child labour in Turkey. 2.4. Cross Border Impact

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3. Description 3.1. Background and Justification Child labour is a pervasive problem throughout the world. Child labour places children in a vulnerable state that leaves children prone to exploitation. They endure work conditions which include health hazards and potential abuse. Their working conditions do not provide the stimulation for proper physical, educational and mental development. Child labour is also a major social and economic obstacle to national development efforts and is eroding the social and human capital of the society. The problem of child labour, particular its worst forms, is one that Turkey, as a country in transition, needs to address. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) Convention No. 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labour calls for immediate and effective measures to secure the prohibition and elimination of these forms of labour for all children under the age of 18 as a matter of urgency. The Government of Turkey ratified this convention in 2001. In line with the Convention, the Ministry of Labour and Social Security (MOLSS) in co-operation with employers’ and workers’ organisations and NGOs, identified the worst forms of child labour in Turkey as work in seasonal commercial agricultural; in small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) under hazardous conditions; and street work. Selection of these particular forms was based on the available data and extensive field experience in the country.

The most recent data on child labour comes from the 1999 Child Labour Survey (CLS), a nationwide survey covering children ages 6-17 conducted by the State Institute of

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Statistics (SIS). The 1999 CLS estimated that 1.6 million children in Turkey between 6-17 years of age (about 10 percent of the total child population of that age) were engaged in economic activity (SIS 2001). The majority of these working children (1.1 million) were older children between 15-17 years of age. The 1999 figures represented a significant reduction in the number of working children since 1994, especially with regard to children below age 15. While the 1994 CLS showed roughly one million children (8.5%) below age 15 to be engaged in economic activity, in 1999 this figure declined drastically to 0.5 million (4.2%). In other words, in five years, the number of children below age 15 engaged in economic activity declined by almost half.

Additional information on child labour comes from the SIS Household Labour Force Survey, a biennial survey that includes children in the 12-17 age group. According to the 2001 Household Labour Force Survey, 1,507,000 children in the 12-17 age group were employed. This figure dropped to 948,000 in 2003. Of those children in the 12-17 age group who were employed, 58.9 percent worked in agriculture, 21.1 percent in services and 20.1 percent in industry. Children living in urban areas accounted for 35 percent of working children in the 12-17 age group. Boys accounted for 55.6 percent.

Data on the worst forms of child labour in Turkey is limited. While data from the General Directorate of Social Services and Child Protection (SHÇEK) shows 23,000 working street children registered at SHÇEK centres, considering the number of non-registered children, the actual number of working street children can be estimated to be closer to 50,000. While children engaged in seasonal commercial agricultural work are largely unregistered, a 2003 baseline survey conducted by ILO’s International Programme for the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) estimated that there are 1,000,000 children engaged in work in this sector. Despite advances in the collection of data relating to child labour in Turkey, there is a crucial need for additional information, particularly on worst forms of child labour, to support policymaking and strategy development in key areas. Detailed and up-to-date information is necessary to close the knowledge gap as to the nature, magnitude, consequences and emerging trends in worst forms of child labour at the provincial level. Research capacity at the provincial level needs further enhancement to enable the production of high-quality, comparable data that conforms with internationally accepted standards. The capacity to utilise and disseminate existing data and to translate research results into relevant policies and programmes also needs to be enhanced. The proposed programme aims to complement current efforts related to data collection on worst forms of child labour in the selected provinces in order to fill the existing gaps in knowledge and information. While the Government aims to address the elimination of child labour nationally, limited resources have enabled it to implement priority action programmes on child labour in only 17 provinces. However, the SIS identified 37 priority provinces for development – which implies a high rate of child labour – as part of regional development activities conducted within the framework of the EU Regional Statistical Systems project in 2002. In other words, there remains considerable need for which significant assistance can be

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directed. The proposed programme will complement existing and planned Government efforts by expanding activities to seven additional provinces. Selection of provinces was based on socio-economic development indicators such as GNP, poverty, school enrolment and literacy rates as well as a lack of existing support mechanisms for working children. In addition the primary criteria were the magnitude of the problem in the selected provinces as detailed as follows. According to the 2000 census:

• Çankırı: 14.21 percent of children in the 12-14 age group are economically active. Of these, 17.79 percent are girls and 10.96 are boys.

• Kastamonu: 12.6 percent of children in the 12-14 age group are economically active. Of these, 15.21 percent are girls and 9.92 percent are boys.

• Ordu: 13.1 percent of children in the 12-14 age group are economically active. Of these, 15.73 percent are girls and 11.07 percent are boys.

• Erzurum: 10.09 percent of children in the 12-14 age group are economically active. Of these, 12.60 percent are girls and 7.82 percent are boys.

• Elazığ: 10.24 percent of children in the 12-14 age group are economically active. Of these, 12.86 percent are girls and 7.87 percent are boys.

• Van: 21.75 percent of children in the 12-14 age group are economically active. Of these, 27.54 percent are girls and 16.58 percent are boys.

• Sinop: 14 percent of children in the 12-14 age group are economically active. Of these, 16.9 percent are girls and 11.15 percent are boys.

The lack of international and national programmes on child labour was also an important decisive factor for inclusion in the programme . It must be noted that other provinces that fulfil the same criteria were also carefully considered , in particular, Diyarbakır. Due to existence of comprehensive programmes on child labour, these were not given priority. A second important factor was the existing capacity of the Prime Minister’s General Directorate of Child Protection and Social Services (SHCEK) in the selected provinces. SHCEK is the main Governmental body with the mandate of protecting the vulnerable groups of children. Although SHCEK is actively working in many parts of Turkey, there are not well equipped in the selected areas to meet the challenges. For example, SHCEK in Diyarbakir is currently being supported by the International Labour Organization and an international NGO in dealing with the problem of working street children. In order to avoid the duplication of efforts, it was not included in the programme. Sustainability in promoting the child labour agenda depends largely on capacity-development efforts at both the central and provincial levels. While significant headway has been made in enhancing institutional capacity to combat child labour, further technical and financial assistance is necessary to consolidate and build on the results that have been achieved so far. (Details regarding the gaps identified in institutional capacity and the programme strategies developed to fill them are provided in Section 3.3 below.) The problem of child labour is inextricable from its wider societal context that includes interrelated demographic, economic and socio-cultural factors, especially education

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levels, and must be viewed accordingly. Despite valuable efforts to date, there remains considerable scope for mainstreaming child labour issues into sectoral plans and creating synergy at all levels. The proposed programme will promote a comprehensive multi-sectoral approach that will further facilitate the mainstreaming of child labour concerns into sectoral policies. Significant progress has been made in raising the profile of child labour in Turkey, thereby promoting action for its reduction and elimination. While awareness-raising activities have been undertaken at the central administrative level, these have yet to be adapted and extended to fully address the priorities, conditions and needs at the regional and local levels. In order to address this gap, advocacy activities undertaken within the framework of the proposed programme have been designed to raise awareness in the newly targeted provinces in support of programme implementation. 3.2. National Response

Policies and programmes related to child labour are grounded in Turkish national legislation. Within the wider context of national development, an environment has emerged in Turkey that has led to a broader view of child labour issues. National visions, policies, strategies, programme frameworks and legislation have created a tremendous amount of policy support. (Detailed information regarding child labour legislation is provided in Annex -5.). Work has also begun and significant progress made on the harmonisation of Turkish legislation with EU legislation on child labour. The proposed programme will facilitate the harmonisation process by enhancing the Child Labour Unit’s capacity to review and amend existing national legislation to conform with EU and international provisions. Additionally, advocacy activities undertaken by multi-sectoral platforms within the programme framework will mobilise workers’ and employers’ organizations to lobby the Government to speed up the harmonisation process. In 2002, based on a diagnostic study of the country’s child labour situation, the Turkish Government initiated the development of an explicit policy on child labour with the aim of eradicating the worst forms of child labour within a defined period of time. An in-depth analysis of the child labour situation was conducted under the auspices of the MOLSS CLU, and based on this, a draft policy and programme document was prepared. This draft document was discussed at length during three national consultative meetings as well as consultative meetings held in each of the country’s seven regions. The draft was further refined to incorporate the comments of participants, which included government authorities, NGOs, workers’ and employers’ organisations and UN agencies in Turkey. As a result of these consultative meetings, the Government adopted a Time-Bound Policy and Programme Framework (TBPPF) for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour. The TBPPF features a comprehensive set of policies, objectives, indicators, outputs, target groups, activities and responsibilities for the effective elimination of child labour, in particular its worst forms. The strategic objective of

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the TBPPF is the progressive elimination of child labour, prioritising the urgent eradication of its worst forms and considering the special situation of the girl child. The TBPPF adopts a basic target of eliminating the worst forms of child labour within a period of 10 years. The Government is now seeking EU assistance in helping to create the conditions necessary to further or make more feasible the Government’s efforts to implement its child labour policies by further strengthening its capacity to do so. To ensure that the proposed programme is based on government ownership and broad political commitment, fitting this project into the Government’s comprehensive framework was considered a necessity. For this reason, the proposed programme has been aligned with the TBPPF and will contribute to its implementation by: (a) strengthening technical capacity in managing, co-ordinating, monitoring and evaluating policies, programmes and projects at the national and provincial levels; (b) promoting social mobilisation activities to create an environment conducive to the implementation of the national child labour policy; (c) providing baseline data to support adequate planning in the targeted provinces; and (d) increasing the number of provinces targeted for the elimination of child labour. In order to obtain support and commitment from stakeholders for the implementation of the proposed programme, their involvement was secured as early as possible in the preparation and planning stages. This included two different consultative meetings with Government authorities, NGOs and workers’ and employers’ organisations. Among these activities was a multi-disciplinary workshop co-ordinated by the MOLSS CLU, during which the first draft of the programme proposal was presented to stakeholders and revised according to their comments and contributions. 3.2.1 International Labour Organization (ILO), International Programme for the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC)

For over a decade IPEC has provided support to the Turkish Government in its efforts to eliminate child labour. An independent Country Evaluation (1998) and Country Programme Management Review (2000) highlighted IPEC’s critical role as catalyst in motivating and supporting strategic institutions to act on child labour issues. IPEC programmes prioritised building the capacity and self-reliance of key government stakeholders in support of nationally driven, high-leverage efforts. At the national level, IPEC provided support for the establishment of sustainable mechanisms such as the National Steering Committee (NSC) and CLUs within the MOLSS, the Ministry of Education (MONE), SHÇEK, the GAP Administration and employers’ and workers’ organisations. With IPEC support, national- and regional-level Advisory Committees (ACs) were established by Turkey’s three largest trade union confederations. Izmir, Diyarbakır, Yalova, Gölcük; Adapazarı, Çorum, Erzurum and Sinop have also established Provincial Action Committees (PACs) under the auspices of the provincial governors within the framework of IPEC programmes. The issue of child labour was also mainstreamed into the curriculum at Bilkent, Başkent, Ege, Ankara and Middle East Technical University.

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IPEC has provided support to various institutions in the development of replicable models for targeted action aimed at the withdrawal, rehabilitation and prevention of child labour in industry, in rural areas and on the streets. IPEC projects carried out over the last 10 years have reached approximately 50,000 children. Sixty percent of these children have been withdrawn from work and placed in schools. The remaining 40 percent have benefited from improved working conditions and health, nutrition and vocational training services. Furthermore, approximately 25,000 families have received counselling services and assistance. Over the long-term, programmes implemented within the IPEC framework led to a convergence of efforts resulting in the generation of a national TBPPF. In response to commitments made by the Turkish Government, IPEC is providing support for the implementation of the TBPPF through a Time-Bound Support Programme (TBSP). Developed jointly by ILO/IPEC and the MOLSS in 2003 utilizing the priorities set forth in the TBPPF document, the TBSP comprises two components: (1) Strengthening the enabling environment for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour; and (2) Reducing the incidence of worst forms of child labour through direct action. This program will be implemented in 11 selected provinces and has a budget of USD 3.5 million. Based on its solid field experience in Turkey, ILO/IPEC has gained a high level of credibility among its national counterparts. Its comparative advantages in the area of child labour and its close partnership with the Government, employers’ and workers’ organisations will allow ILO/IPEC to make a coherent contribution to the implementation of the proposed programme. ILO/IPEC has developed concrete models, replicable experiences and good practices based on lessons learned over more than a decade’s activity in the country and is able to transfer a substantial level of knowledge and technical skills on child labour and related issues to national counterparts. IPEC’s partnership in this programme will also facilitate the implementation of the ILO Conventions on Child Labour, namely, Convention No. 138 on Minimum Age for Employment and Convention No.182 on Worst Forms of Child Labour, both of which have been ratified by Turkey. Thus, given ILO’s extensive experience in Turkey as well as in the field, it has been selected as the unique institution to provide technical assistance during the implementation of this programme through a direct grant agreement. 3.3 Institutional Structure

Key institutional structures exist within both governmental and non-governmental bodies in Turkey that are either directly or indirectly involved with the child-labour issue. In order to consolidate and build on the experience developed within these structures, this programme will focus on the full and active involvement of two of the most significant, namely, the MOLSS CLU and the NSC. The roles of all participating agencies will be clearly defined and institutionalised in both form and content. Provincial-level structures will be newly developed to parallel national ones.

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3.3.1 National Level

Ministry of Labour and Social Security, Child Labour Unit (MOLSS CLU)

The MOLSS has the official mandate to address child labour issues in Turkey. This is accomplished mainly through the CLU and its Advisory Committee (AC) on child labour, the NSC. An independent evaluation of all IPEC activities conducted in 1997 concluded that the CLU was both the best-placed and most effective partner to undertake the coordination of child labour activities in Turkey. Established in 1991 within the MOLSS General Directorate of Labour, the CLU, with ILO financial support in the early stages, focused on project activities related to child labour. From its very inception, it has been actively involved in drafting and promoting legislative amendments related to child labour, and it has played an integral part in the co-ordination of the many projects and programmes undertaken by other agencies, especially within the framework of ILO-IPEC.

The major responsibilities of the CLU are to plan, manage and coordinate child labour programmes in the country; to review and ensure the enforcement of existing legislation related to child labour; to put forward new programme proposals; and to act as a resource and focal point for other institutions. The CLU also undertakes activities to inform and sensitise the general public, and trains selected groups of labour inspectors on issues related to child labour.

The CLU has become widely known and is now recognised as the focal point of child labour-related issues in Turkey. However, new modalities need to be developed to ensure the continued success of CLU activities. While the CLU has developed the experience and infrastructure necessary to co-ordinate the current level of child labour-related activities in Turkey, further support is needed to secure the unit’s effectiveness, particularly in terms of its ability to address national, regional and provincial conditions in a systematic and comprehensive manner. In order to improve the CLU’s capacity to meet these challenges, the following specific areas of expertise are in need of reinforcing:

• strategic programme leadership • policy development and implementation • planning and coordination • knowledge sharing at international, national and local levels • field capacity • legislative revision and updating • human resource development • project development, management, monitoring and evaluation.

In recognition of the need to address child labour through multi-sectoral platforms, in 1993 the CLU established a central-level AC to act as a multi-sectoral technical co-ordination body. The AC plays an essential role in the dissemination and exchange of information related to child labour in Turkey and in mobilizing concerted efforts for its

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elimination. Comprised of 50 representatives from the Government, NGOs, UNICEF, universities and other organisations and agencies concerned with child labour, the AC provides a forum for the discussion of child labour issues with the widest possible range of concerned bodies. Representatives work together to propose solutions and relevant programmes and to develop strategic action directed at the mainstreaming of child labour issues into the policies of the institutions they represent. The AC’s meetings are organised and its agenda determined by the CLU, which also prepares and disseminates the committee’s reports. The AC will have two main functions in the implementation of the proposed programme: (a) to provide technical guidance to partner agencies; and (b) to promote the systematic mainstreaming of child labour issues into the activities of the agencies represented on the Committee. The role of the AC will be broadened to increase synergies and improve transference of knowledge and experience and complementarity of tasks between projects.

National Steering Committee (NSC)

In 1992, the Government of Turkey established the NSC to undertake the responsibility of coordinating and providing guidance on all child labour initiatives in Turkey at the policy level. This sustainable, Government-led mechanism has the vital responsibility of reviewing strategy, setting policy and programme priorities, including the determination of areas/sectors in which action programmes will be developed, and securing government support and resources for these programmes. The NSC is chaired by the Deputy Undersecretary of the MOLSS and includes the Deputy Undersecretaries of the Ministries of Justice, Interior, Finance, Education, Health and Agriculture; the General Director of SHÇEK; the Head of the Social Planning Division of the SPO; and representatives from the Board of Higher Education and workers’ and employers’ associations. The NSC is represented on the Child Intersectoral Board, the body monitoring UNICEF activities. The MOLSS CLU acts as the secretariat of the NSC. Within the framework of the proposed programme, the NSC will provide policy guidance and recommend priority areas for action; periodically review and evaluate programme activities; ensure the fulfilment of Government and other agency obligations; and establish linkages with institutions in related policy areas. In order to institutionalise the role and responsibilities of the NSC, capacity enhancement in the area of policymaking will be provided and revision of the Committee’s existing structure considered. 3.3.2 Provincial level The limited expertise in the provinces selected for inclusion in the proposed programme requires the creation of new institutions as well as the development of the capacities of existing ones. Building capacity in management and technical areas is crucial, particularly in terms of the ability to monitor child labour and co-ordinate among and within provincial institutions. The proposed programme will help to establish appropriate

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institutional structures capable of sustaining child labour programmes at the provincial level. These will be supported by new platforms, namely, the Provincial Action Committee (PAC) at the policy level and the Provincial Project Coordination Office (PPCO) at the operational level. Provincial Action Committee (PAC) Multi-sectoral PACs will be established in the selected provinces under the auspices of the provincial governor, who represents the highest Government authority at the provincial level. The governor will form a group consist of key government agencies, employers’ and workers’ associations, universities and NGOS in relevant sectors and officially invite representatives of these institutions to the PAC. Securing the active involvement of the governor will facilitate the support and involvement of those offices within the governorate dealing with issues such as social security, poverty, employment and education and thereby contribute to the success of the proposed programme. As inter-agency bodies providing assistance and policy guidance to the programme at the provincial level, the PACs will play a significant role in the following: identification, production and dissemination of replicable experiences; analysis, synthesis and dissemination of data, lessons learned and best practices drawn from local experiences; creation of a supportive institutional and policy environment for project implementation; and co-ordination and enhancement of local capacity to analyse the child labour situation, draw up programmes and provide follow-up and co-ordination for all matters in this area. PAC members will be provided training and technical assistance to ensure their active involvement in programme activities. Strong links will be established between PACs and local-level projects, whose coordinators will regularly inform the PACs as to project implementation status, evolving issues and needs. Effective channels of communication will be maintained between the PACs and the CLU, which will provide the initial training as well as ongoing technical support. Provincial Programme Coordination Office (PPCO)

PPCOs will be established in each of the seven provinces selected for programme implementation. Their activities will be monitored by the CLU at the operational level. The PPCOs will be responsible for the implementation of programme activities at the local level, including the following:

• Programme management, implementation, monitoring and evaluation; • Gathering and dissemination of information on child labour (including Baseline

Surveys); • Establishment of a comprehensive Child Labour Monitoring System (including a

school-based child labour monitoring system); • Awareness raising, advocacy and social mobilisation; • Establishment of referral and follow-up mechanisms;

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• Provision of education and counselling services to targeted children to ensure their withdrawal from work and/or prevention from entering work;

• Provision of counselling, vocational training, job referral and guidance services to targeted families of working children;

• Acting as the PAC secretariat. Each PPCO will implement a pilot programme for the prevention and withdrawal of child labour through the provision of education and counselling services. These programmes will be based upon previous models developed in other provinces in Turkey that have proved to be successful. Replication of these models in the newly selected provinces is of great importance; however, due to the significant differences in socio-economic conditions and the lack of necessary infrastructure in these provinces, direct action will be initiated on a small-scale, pilot basis. Lessons learned during the pilot implementation and data collected within the framework of the proposed programme activities will allow the Government to expand these offices into comprehensive Centres for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Child Labour (CPR) which may be supported by EC assistance in the coming years. To this end, a feasibility study will be conducted through the PPCOs for identifying the number, location and justifications for these CPRs and the decisions will be taken on the basis of the results of the feasibility study.

3.4. Results Table-1 below shows the results expected by the end of the programme designed to contribute to efforts by national and local institutions for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Turkey. The results listed below are as indicative and verifiable as possible; however, they will be revised and adapted during the Inception Phase.

Table-1 Results Timeframe Result 1: CLU capacity to plan, manage, coordinate, monitor and implement child labour-related activities at the national and local levels enhanced.

End of programme

Result 2: A Baseline Survey providing data on children ages 6-17 working in the worst forms of child labour in the seven selected provinces is available and accessible to all users.

End of June 2005

Result 3: PPCOs have been established and have sufficient infrastructure and human resources available to provide educational, withdrawal, preventative, monitoring and counselling services to working children and their families as well as social mobilization in the seven selected provinces.

End of June 2005

Result 4: Operational PACs in the seven selected provinces. End of August 2005 Result 5: Comprehensive Child Labour Monitoring Systems (including School-Based Child Labour Monitoring Systems in selected schools) established and are active in the identification and referral of child labour cases in the seven selected provinces.

End of first year of the programme

Result 6: National and local capacity to conduct advocacy, raise public awareness and initiate policy dialogue enhanced.

End of the programme

Result 7: Withdrawal and prevention of child labour secured through the provision of education and counselling services to targeted children (at least 1000 children) and their families (at least 70 families).

End of the programme

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3.5. Activities

3.5.1. Activities conducted to support Result 1 • Prepare Capacity Enhancement Plans for the CLU and PPCOs. • Conduct a Training Needs Analysis (TNA) for CLU and PPCO staff. • Design and implement training programmes based on TNA and Capacity

Enhancement Plan. • Examine different approaches, mechanisms and legal frameworks in EU and

accession countries (through study visits, training etc.) established for dealing with child labour issues.

• Develop a mechanism for effective coordination at the national and local levels and communication with other national and international organizations.

• Organize forums, conferences, workshops, seminars and other activities on child labour issues at national, regional and local levels and with the participation of the widest possible range of related governmental and non-governmental institutions.

• Upgrade the existing CLU web-site to make it interactive. • Update the existing CLU documentation centre by collecting available books, reports,

newspaper and periodical articles on child labour. 3.5.2. Activities conducted to support Result 2 • Prepare methodological guidelines for conducting Baseline Surveys. • Collect sex-disaggregated baseline information on working children in each of the

target provinces as well as on families and communities affected by the problem. • Analyse the collected data and disseminate the results in a multi-sectoral platform that

allows for the active participation of stakeholders. • Provide documentation of baseline data. • Organize meetings, workshop to obtain NSC, AC and PACs contribution to this

activity and disseminate the result of Baseline Surveys 3.5.3. Activities conducted to support Result 3 • Define the functions and prepare operational guidelines of the PPCOs. • Establish a Provincial Child Labour Documentation Centre within the PPCOs • Train the PPCOs staff, teachers and volunteers. • Conduct a feasibility study through PPCOs concerning the number, location and

justifications for future CPRs. 3.5.4. Activities conducted to support Result 4 • Provide in-depth, participatory training to PAC members on child labour and

effective methods to combat it; through this training, • Develop a PAC mission statement, strategy, terms of reference for PAC members,

definitions of responsibilities, annual operational plans, a model for collaboration and cooperation with other institutions at local and national levels and effective channels for communication and information flow.

• Provide technical support for coordination, communication and joint programming opportunities among targeted groups in complementary programme areas to ensure

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effective partnerships and adequate involvement of civil society organizations, including youth and women’s groups and the private sector.

• Determine cooperation models by which PACs will exchange experiences and lessons learnt.

3.5.5. Activities conducted to support Result 5

• Identify existing institutions gathering information on children or monitoring child labour as part of their official mandate.

• Establish a comprehensive, integrated, co-ordinated and multi-disciplinary child labour monitoring system adapted to the local context in each of the selected provinces.

• Design and implement a training programme on child labour monitoring for PPCOs and school staff.

• Develop all necessary tools for the monitoring of villages, households, schools and workplaces.

• Establish an information network for the efficient flow of information between local and national levels.

• Conduct regular monitoring in selected provinces. • As an integral part of the comprehensive Child Labour Monitoring System,

develop School-Based Child Labour Monitoring Systems in selected schools to monitor enrolment, retention and educational performance of working and ex-working children.

• Update available information on child labour and create supplementary databases using information gathered from communities.

3.5.6. Activities conducted to support Result 6

• Identify target groups and priority issues requiring advocacy. • Develop a comprehensive advocacy programme with effectively tailored

messages, strategies and materials targeting specific groups; • Produce and distribute advocacy and awareness-raising material such as

newsletters, pamphlets, posters, audio and video cassettes and films. • Organise national and local seminars, conferences and workshops to raise the

awareness of working children, families, employers, teachers, political leaders, opinion-makers, law enforcement personnel, NGOs, media and other interested parties.

• Disseminate information and educational materials on the legal framework covering child labour issues.

• Enhance the capacity of governmental and non-governmental organisations to conduct advocacy in support of the elimination of child labour by providing assistance and training in planning, designing and implementing advocacy campaigns.

• Organize field visits for decision-makers to increase their practical knowledge and provide them with concrete evidence of successful and unsuccessful strategies related to combating child labour.

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3.5.7. Activities conducted to support Result 7 • Identify initiatives, organisations and institutions and analyze their experience,

capacities and services available for children and their parents. • Establish referral and follow-up mechanisms within the PPCOs to mobilise local

capacity and resources comprehensively and consistently. • Using Baseline Survey data, identify and classify children and families to benefit

from the programme. • Identify existing educational alternatives and place ex-working children into

appropriate schools; establish a mechanism with the MONE to monitor children’s progress and verify school attendance.

• Provide withdrawal, educational, preventative and counselling services to identified children.

• Provide families with information and refer them to existing legal and social services and literacy and non-formal education courses; follow up on cases referred.

• Organise group and individual awareness-raising sessions with parents to inform them of the hazards of child labour and encourage them to support the school attendance of their children.

• Inform parents of alternative sources of income and career opportunities through job placement and referral systems such as İŞKUR; closely monitor and verify the referred cases

• Consult local government bodies, NGOs and donor agencies affiliated with socio-economic development projects for the inclusion of families of children in worst forms of child labour in existing income-generation activities.

3.6 Linked Activities

There are numerous national, EU, UN and other donor programmes currently being implemented or in planning stages in Turkey that directly or indirectly relate to child labour. Establishment of effective collaboration among national partners and donors operating in the country through networked interactions will be a critical factor in ‘scaling-up’ activities and programmes. In this manner, issues related to policy environment, overall socio-economic context and specific capacity requirements will be optimally addressed. Close inter-linkages and mutual support is envisaged with the following EU, World Bank, USDOL and UNICEF-funded programmes identified as relevant to strategies for the elimination of child labour.

18

Table 2: Related Programmes EU-Funded Programmes Towards Good Governance, Protection and justice for Children in Turkey (proposed

for 2004 programming) Project for Increasing the Social Sensitivity and Problem-Solving Capacity Regarding

the Problem of Working Children in Southeast Anatolia Active Labour Market Strategy Civil Society Development Programme Educational Project for Social Establishments and Professional Organisations Extension of SME Finance Facility to Turkey GAP Regional Development Programme Reproductive Health in Turkey Shoemaking Training Institutions Strengthening the Vocational Education and Training System in Turkey Support to Basic Education Supporting Women Entrepreneurs Upgrading Occupational Health and Safety in Turkey Upgrading the Statistical System of Turkey Enhancing the Capacity of Child Protection Services and Implementation

World Bank-Funded Projects Conditional Cash Transfers Social Risk Mitigation Project

UNICEF Child Friendly School Environment Education of Girls Child Protection

USDOL • TBSP 3.7. Lessons learnt A decade’s experience in implementing programmes for the prevention, withdrawal and rehabilitation of child labour in Turkey has provided valuable lessons that have fed back into the design of the current programme document. The establishment of multi-sectoral mechanisms designed to ensure co-ordination among partners has proven to be of critical importance for the successful implementation of child labour programmes The effectiveness of mechanisms such as the NSC and AC in creating national ownership and commitment to the elimination of child labour in Turkey is reflected in the crucial role these groups have played in the development of the TBPPF. At the provincial level, PACs have proven invaluable in promoting community involvement and creating a social mobilisation network at the grassroots level that has led to enhanced local ownership of the problem. These and other successful mechanisms will be expanded and integrated into the proposed programme as explained in Section 3.3 above.

19

Experience has shown that micro-level interventions need to be relevant, supportive of and supported by developments at the macro level. However, when the interrelationships between child labour and developmental issues are not well understood, coordination at institutional and operational levels is difficult, resulting in poor integration of child labour variables into development strategies. Raising awareness among national authorities as to the multi-disciplinary nature of child labour can help to ensure that related issues are embedded into ongoing and planned social-sector initiatives. For example, MOLSS’s early involvement in child labour activities in Turkey proved to be a key factor in the integration of child labour concerns into the Government’s 8th Five-Year Development Plan. The strategy of the proposed programme is similarly grounded in creating close linkages between macro- and micro-level institutional structures and programming components, with the NSC and CLU responsible, respectively, for policy and implementation at the central level and the PACs and PPCOs at the provincial level. In some cases, sustainability of promising programmes has been hampered by the limited capacity of institutions involved in their implementation. In order to address this problem, components designed to build capacity at the central level in terms of policymaking, planning, co-ordination, monitoring and evaluation have been included in programmes implemented by the CLU, labour inspectors, trade unions and employers’ organisations. Capacity building at the local level has focused on increasing the capacity of local representatives of national institutions to apply and institutionalise national policies at the local level. The proposed programme will tailor interventions to specific needs at the central and provincial levels in order to build capacity at both levels. Additionally, the frequent transfer of trained personnel, particularly at the local level, has been shown to negatively effect programme implementation. For this reason, maximum efforts will be made to clearly define the roles and responsibilities of co-operating institutions at all levels to ensure that the negative effects of staff changes on programme implementation and policy activity are minimized. While efforts have increased in the area of data collection and analysis, available information has not always been effectively used in support of national and local planning, monitoring and evaluation. In order to address this issue, there needs to be greater emphasis on building a knowledge base that maximizes accumulated data and lessons learned in support of more effective programming and resource utilization. To this end, the proposed programme will strengthen the CLU central child labour database and develop additional databases at the provincial level. 4. Institutional Framework

The MOLSS/CLU will be the operational partner of the programme with both administrative and technical responsibility for implementation of all project-related activities conducted within the framework of the proposed programme.

Bi-annual meetings of the NSC will provide a platform for the discussion of programme implementation at the national level and the related policy implementations. As the highest national platform for policy formulation on child labour-related issues in Turkey, the NSC will establish important links with other government programmes at the policy

20

level as well as provide policy guidance designed to improve the success of programme implementation at the local level.

As the NSC’s technical body, the AC will address the technical issues of the proposed programme, providing technical guidance and establishing technical links with ongoing Government programmes at the national level. Moreover, its standing as a national-level committee will allow the AC to function as a much-needed platform for the dissemination of information and sharing of lessons and experiences learned throughout the programme implementation.

A Programme Steering Group responsible for the overall monitoring and guidence of the programme will be established. The members of this group will be representatives from MOLSS, CLU, MONE, Ministry of Interior, SHÇEK, ILO, UNICEF, TISK, TESK, TÜRK-İŞ, HAK-İŞ, DİSK. In addition when necessary representatives from other institutions such as üniversities, municipalities will be invited. Hovewer maximum care will be taken to ensure that this group remains as a small technical body. The General Director of Labour (MOLSS) will head this group as the Senior Project Officer (SPO). The project will be implemented under the supervision of the Senior Project Officer.

The PACs and PPCOs will be responsible for implementation of the proposed programme at the provincial level. In their role as newly established platforms comprising representatives of both governmental and non-governmental institutions, the PACs will be involved in planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the provincial-level components of the proposed programme. Each PAC will hold regular quarterly meetings, and additional meetings, as necessary.

Newly established PPCOs will operate, monitor and evaluate the proposed programme in the targeted provinces. The CLU will coordinate and monitor the activities of the PPCO. Local authorities or governors will provide the physical premises of the PPCOs. Each PPCOs will be adequately staffed with long term experts (one provincial coordinator, two subject specialists, and support staff, as needed). This will contribute institutional capacity building at local level.

While overall administrative and technical responsibility rests with the MOLSS/CLU, the proposed programme will create and make extensive use of links with other ministries and government institutions, international agencies and civil society organizations operating within the field of child labour. (More detailed information on Turkish government agencies involved in the implementation of the proposed programme is provided in Section 3.3 above.)

21

Figure 1-Implementation Structure

5. Detailed Budget

2004 1. EU Support Investment

Support Institution Building

Total EU (=I+IB)

National Co-financing*

IFI* TOTAL

Institution Building Support to MoLSS CLU

5.300.000 5.300.000 5.300.000

Total 5.300.000 5.300.000 5.300.000 2006

Indicative EU Support

Investment 2.250.000 2.250.000 750.000 3.000.000 Institution Building

12.000.000 12.000.000 12.000.000

Total 2.250.000 12.000.000 14.250.000 750.000 15.000.000

(*)-CLMU: Child Labour Monitoring Unit; (**)-Child Labour Monitoring Unit

Families

SCLMS** CLMS*

CHILDREN

Programme Steering Group

PCU ILO Team

AC

NSC MOLSS European

Commission

ILO

PACs

CLU

PPCOs

CFCU

22

6. Implementation Arrangements

6.1. Implementing Agency The Central Financing Contracting Unit (CFCU) will be the Implementing Agency responsible for all procedural aspects of contractual matters and financial management (including payment) of project activities. 6.2. Beneficiary The MOLSS CLU is the programme beneficiary. The CLU will establish and head a Project Co-ordination Unit (PCU). The PCU will be provided with adequate staff, premises and logistical support (office space, furniture, equipment, telephone, fax, etc.). CLU staff will consist of a minimum of ten members (nine experts and one secretary). Head of the CLU will be appointed as PCU director. Existence of a professional and stable structure for PCU staff is a crucial factor for the timely and proper implementation of the programme. The project will be implemented under the supervision of the Senior Project Officer. The head of the PCU will be responsible for the proper and timely implementation of activities.

To enable the PCU to make a more coherent contribution, its role will be broadened to carry out the TBPPF strategic directive. The Unit will assume a guiding role in realising TBPPF policies and the usage of the larger resources of the governments’ and other development partners towards the promotion of the TBPPF.

Murat Ayhan Başaran Head of the Child Labour Unit Address: Inönü Cad. No: 42 06510 Emek-Ankara Turkey, Tel: +90 312 212 47 78 Fax: +90 312 212 56 97 e-mail:[email protected]; [email protected]

6.3. Contracts

A direct grant agreement will be signed with the ILO for the implementation of the programme. ILO will provide assistance to the CLU and ensure that the programme activities are successfully realized in accordance with the Description of the Operation to be prepared.

23

Necessary backstopping support will be provided by the ILO Ankara Office and IPEC headquarters in Geneva, which will provide national and international experts over the long and short term. These will cover various areas of expertise in the field of child labour, particularly:

• Project management

• Policy and programme design, monitoring and evaluation

• Planning and implementation of training, research, awareness-raising and rehabilitation programmes at all levels

• Conducting baseline and other surveys

The MOLSS CLU will approve the Inception and other programme reports and endorse other strategic programme documents submitted by the contractor. It will also approve the long- and short-term experts to be recruited.

Clear guidelines and procedures will be developed to ensure the effective flow of information between the PCU and all PPCOs. Long-term experts will provide support to the PPCOs as needed.

All contracting procedures will be completed according to EC Practical Guide Procuders. Sub-contracting is not allowed under this contract. The MOLSS/CLU will be owner of all assets after project completion.

6.4. Non-standard Aspects

A direct grant agreement will be signed with the ILO for the implementation of the programme. Justification for the selection of ILO has been given section 3.2.1. 7. Implementation Schedule

• Signature of the Grant Agreement: January 2005 • Technical Assistance Team (TAT) on the ground: February 2005 • Project Completion: January 2007

8. Equal Opportunity The proposed programme will comply with EU and ILO equal opportunity policies. Equal treatment of men and women in project implementation at all levels will be one of the most important principles in project management and implementation. Staff, partners and project personnel will receive training to familiarise them with ILO and EU policies related to gender mainstreaming. This will enhance their capacity to deal with the different conditions of working girls and boys. Programme activities will be closely linked to IPEC gender networking, and technical backstopping for gender mainstreaming will be provided through this network. An appropriate balance of men and women will be sought on all programme managing bodies and working groups. Gender and child labour issues will also be addressed through advocacy, information, and awareness-raising programmes, and special attention will be paid to the collection of sex-disaggregated data through baseline surveys in order to provide equal opportunity to working children with regard to withdrawal, prevention and counselling services.

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9. Environment Not relevant to this project 10. Rates of Return Not relevant to this project 11. Investment Criteria Catalytic Effect: The programme will seek to create multiplier and synergy effects in a systematic, sustainable manner. Strengthening the knowledge base on child labour and ensuring the sharing of best practices and experiences through the development of effective mechanisms for information flow will have a far-reaching and transformational impact on policy development and programme strategies for the elimination of child labour in Turkey. Building capacity will strengthen the ability of institutions and professionals to contribute to the integration of child labour issues into public policies and programmes as well as into educational and media activities. Conducting advocacy and awareness campaigns with national and international agencies, parents, teachers, traditional leaders, political officials and legislators will increase understanding of child labour and related issues and motivate these individuals and organisations to accelerate and strengthen their efforts for the elimination of child labour.

Co-financing:

N/A

Additionality: Phare grants shall not displace other financial support, especially support from the private sector or other international donors.

Project Readiness and Size: The project is ready for implementation.

Sustainability: The proposed programme aims to strengthen the ability of local institutions to take strong leadership roles in scaling-up the Government’s efforts to achieve TBPPF goals. Grounding the programme in the TBPPF and other key institutional structures is the main strategy envisioned for the sustainability of results and achievement of further progress.

Both the NSC and the CLU have played leading roles in the development of the proposed programme and will play leading roles in its implementation. The integration of this programme with the TBPPF and the NSC and CLU as its implementers is a strong indicator of programme sustainability.

Systematic capacity building, especially within the CLU and PACs, will form an integral component of the programme implementation strategy. As the body responsible for overall co-ordination of all child labour-related activities in Turkey, capacity of the CLU is of utmost importance in ensuring continuity of activities undertaken in the field of child labour. For this reason, providing support for the institutionalisation of the CLU and further enhancement of the technical capacity of its staff is central to the proposed programme.

25

At the local level, the PACs function as multi-sectoral platforms that ensure successful programme implementation as well as local ownership and commitment from stakeholders. Strengthening the technical capacity of the PACs will lead to long-term sustainability and is therefore a top priority.

PPCOs will be established through the mobilization of local resources. Co-operation protocols will be signed between the MOLSS and local authorities, which will provide stable premises for the PPCOs. The prominent role assigned to the provincial governors and links established with the Governorates will ensure smooth programme implementation and ownership at the provincial level. Possible establishment of CPRs, to be decided in accordance with the results of the feasibility study, will contribute to programme’s sustainability.

The approval of Council Directive 94/33/EC in the third quarter of 2004 and its coming into force by 31 December 2004 as part of harmonisation process will also help to promote sustainability by creating a legal framework more conducive to the full elimination of worst forms of child labour.

Compliance with State Aid Provisions Not applicable 12. Conditionality and Sequencing The signature of the contract of the proposed programme is conditional upon:

• Transposition of Council Directive 94/33/EC of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work to the Turkish legislation. Preparations to this end have already started.

• Recruitment of sufficient number of staff for the CLU for the implementation of the proposed programme.

• Signing of protocols with local authorities or governorship for the premises where PPCOs will be established.

Further support to elimination of child labour may continue in the following programming years, notably for the establishment of CPRs; whose locations, numbers and justifications will be identified by the feasibility study to be carried under the current programme. Thus, a project for CPRs, complete with its intitution building and investment components may accordingly be included in 2006 programming period. ANNEXES TO THE PROJECT FICHE ANNEX-1: Logframe

ANNEX 2: Implementation chart

ANNEX 3: Contracting and disbursement schedule

ANNEX 4: List of feasibility/pre-feasibility studies

ANNEX 5: Legislative Framework

Annex-1- Logical Framework for the Project to Contribute to the Elimination of Child Labour in Turkey

Intervention logic Objectively verifiable indicators Source of verification Assumptions

Overall objectives The objective of this programme is to help make a significant reduction in child labour by the end of 2007, in line with the government’s strategy of eliminating the worst forms of child labour by 2015

Reduction in child labour by end 2007 compared with baseline situation in 2004.

• State Institute of Statistics (SIS) Child Labour Survey

• National Education -Statistics gathered MoNE

• Reports prepared by the Turkish Government to the EC and other international organizations

• Amendments made in related legislations.

Project purpose To enhance national and regional capacity for the removal of children from the worst forms of child labour and prevention of at-risk children from entering such work

• By the end of 2006, 70% of the targeted institutions

started implementing child labour monitoring system. • Availability of regularly updated national child labour

data base. • At least 2 child labour indicators are included in the

national plans. • At least 4 coordination meetings at the national level

contributing to the development of national strategies have been held by the targeted institutions by 2006.

• Review of national/regional and sectoral development plans and programmes

• Implementation Reports of institutions involved in child labour monitoring system

• Project Progress, monitoring, evaluation and Implementation Completion reports

• The economic and social conditions that push children into child labour remain stable or improve

• The allocation of funds to the social sectors in the country and in the targeted cities remains stable

• That there will be sufficient resources allocated within MoLSS/CLU, both at national and province level, to work jointly with TAT for administering and running a national complex programme

Expected Results Result 1: The Child Labour Unit has capacity to plan, manage, coordinate, monitor and

• At least two additional initiatives taken by the CLU which are not planned and financed under the programme.

• 90 % of trained CLU staff has acquired the skills to

• Programme progress, monitoring and evaluation reports

• The management of CLU will remain committed to the project

28


implement child labour related activities at the national and local levels by the end of the project.

undertake activities to combat child labour and to train other related actors and stakeholders.

• At least four proposals/ recommendations (including legislations) are made by CLU at policy and operational levels.

• At list six coordination meetings, workshop, seminars, conferences organized by CLU at national, regional and local levels by 2006 leading to increased culture of cooperation among stakeholders.

• 20% increase in the number of accessible materials and information booklets in the CLU Documentation Centre.

• 25% increase in the number of people using the Documentation .Centre

• Functional project monitoring activities conducted by the CLU in 90% of the selected provinces

• CLU internal administrative materials, statistics and reports.

• Results of TNA • Documents on revised

policy, law, rules and regulations

• Existence of an effective documentation centre and materials.

and its outcomes • There will be stability

amongst the staff of CLU

• Social partners will be prepared and ready to cooperate

• That top MoLSS management will give appropriate priority to the development of management and operational systems

Result 2: Baseline survey providing data on children in 6-17 age group working in worst for of child labour is available and accessible for all users in seven provinces by the end of June 2005.

• Information generated is used in the preparation of 9th Five Year Development Plan and in updating of TBPPF, NPAA, pNDP etc.

• Information gathered is used in the preparation of regional development programmes.

• 80% of NSC and AC member institutions utilize the results of BLSs. • Information generated is efficiently utilized by PPCOs for referral and

follow-up of children and families as well as for identifying future children centres.

• Information on the WFCL collected is available (sex-disaggregated)

• Results of the baseline surveys are publicized and disseminated

• The existence of database containing Baseline survey results

• 9th Five Year Development Plan, TBPPF, NPAA, pNDP etc.

• Progress reports of the Programme

• Related parties are committed to support programme activities

• Families, education institutions, NGOs, employers etc. at local level will support this activity and provide reliable information

29


Result 3: Provincial Programme Coordination Offices (PPCOs) are operational (both infrastructure and human resources) to provide educational, withdrawal, preventative, monitoring and counselling services to working children and their families in selected 7 provinces by the end of June 2005.

• 90 % of trained PPCOs staff have acquired the skills to undertake activities to combat child labour.

• 70% of the targeted children are referred by PPCOs • 90% of targeted local networks and community groups

contacted by the PPCOs • By the end of 2006, 70% of targeted groups (teachers,

volunteers, NGO staff, journalist etc.) trained and have acquired the skills to undertake activities to combat child labour.

• 70% of the targeted governmental and non-governmental organizations and children and families are informed about the existence and services offered by PPCOs.

• Existence of clear feasibility studies for the future CPRs

• Qualitative analysis of Project reports

• PPCOs records • Mission reports • Programme progress and

evaluation reports of the PPCOs

• Feasibility study report • Records of sessions

conducted with families

Result 4: Provincial Action Committees Child Labour (PACs) are established and operational in the selected provinces by the of August, 2005.

• At least four meetings held by per PAC during the project implementation period for sustained cooperation among stakeholders.

• Existence of a model for collaboration and cooperation for PACs and effective channels for communication and information flow.

• At least 80%of PAC members participate in all PAC meetings.

• 50% o the decisions taking by PAC are transferred into intervention actions at the local level.

• At least two policy recommendations on WFCL are made to NSC by each PAC.

• Progress reports, evaluation and monitoring reports which indicate major qualitative and quantitative progress achieved certain period of time

• Minutes of Meetings and reports of the PAC

• Existence of Document on roles and Responsibilities, Annual operational plans etc.

• Local authorities are committed to Programme and give support in establishing PPCOs

• PPCOs will be operational on time

• All related parties sent

their representatives to PACs in each provinces

30


Result 5: Child Labour Monitoring Systems(CLMS, including School-based Child Labour Monitoring Systems in selected schools) for the identification and referral of child labour cases are established and operational in the selected provinces by the end of the first year

• 70 % of the targeted workplaces in the selected provinces are monitored and exploiters are referred to law enforcement agencies.

• 100% of the child exploitation cases detected through the CLMS is referred to the PPCOs for services

• 50 % of the targeted institutions undertake additional child labour monitoring initiatives (i.e. not planned and financed under the programme).

• School-based CLMS established and operational in 70% of the targeted schools and identified school staff is capable of monitoring school attendance and performance of working children and preventing at-risk children from dropping out.

• Progress reports, evaluation and monitoring reports Partners’ reports

• Monitoring visit reports to work places and place for social protection services (e.g. schools) where children targeted by project can be found

• Inspection reports

Result 6: National and local capacity to conduct advocacy and public awareness, and policy dialogue is enhanced by the end of the programme

• 70% of the trained groups are capable to advocate key issues related to child labour

• Well informed programs/articles/ reports are prepared regularly by the targeted media groups.

• By the end of 2006 child labour issues discussed at twice least in the parliament.

• Awareness raising materials on child labour are introduced to at least 70% of the selected schools.

• 3 awareness raising events are organized per province by PPCO

• Media records

• Printed documents (poster, brochures, newsletters, CDs etc

• Media review • Proceedings of the

parliament • Reports on awareness

raising events Knowledge, attitude and

behaviour Survey (pre-project and post-project

• Awareness raising activities at the province level by the most efficient means reaching the widest possible audience

• The social dialogue

with target groups and social partners is politically admitted and gets the necessary political and administrative support

Result 7: Withdrawal and prevention through education and counselling services to targeted children (at least 1000 children) their families (at least 70 families) are provided by the end

• 70% of the identified at-risk children are prevented from starting work

• 70% of the targeted children involved in WFCL are withdrawn

• 90% of the withdrawn children are placed in education

• Community-based monitoring, child labour master list

• Selected schools and training centre records

• Partners’ reports • Enrolment/attendance rates for

targeted children (by area,

• Key personnel in Provincial public and private organisations and in local NGOs are trained

• The number of centres and mobile teams to coordinate the activities

31


of the programme institutions • At least 75% of the children placed in education

institutions complete basic education • 70% of ex-child labourers receiving support services from

PPCO s • 60% of the targeted partners are engaged in providing support to the

educational needs of child labourers at the community level • 70% of the targeted families have access to safety nets, including

health insurance schemes, in-kind subsidies and low-priced medicines

• 90% of the targeted households with members enrolled in vocational training

gender, type of education and age group)

• Dropout rates for targeted children (by area, gender, type of education and age group)

of such bodies are increased

• Parents in targeted provinces are receptive to training

Intervention logic Means Assumptions

A c 1. Institutional Capacity Building (CLU)

32

Intervention logic Means Assumptions • Prepare Capacity Enhancement Plan for the CLU and PPCOs. • Conduct Training Needs Analysis (TNA) of CLU and PPCOs staff. • Design and implement training programmes based on TNA and

Capacity Enhancement Plan. • Examine different approaches, mechanisms and legal framework in

EU and accession countries (through study visits, training etc.). • Develop a mechanism for effective coordination at the national and

local levels and means of communication with other national and international organizations.

• Organize forums, conference, workshops-seminars and other activities with related governmental and non-governmental institutions.

• Improve the existing CLU web-site into an interactive web-site. • Update existing documentation centre.

• ILO long and short-term experts (international and local consultants)

• Training conducted based on Training Needs Assessment (including study tours)

• Funds allocated to TA for strengthening of the infrastructure

• MoLSS/CLU will appoint

required number of qualified counterparts

2. Baseline Survey

Act

iviti

es

• Prepare methodological guidelines for the baseline surveys • Collect sex-disaggregated baseline information on working children

in each of the target provinces as well as on families and communities affected by the problem.

• Analyse the collected data and disseminate the results in a multi-sectoral platform.

• Provide documentation of baseline data in the selected sectors • Organize meetings, workshop to obtain NSC, AC and PACs

contribution to this activity and disseminate the result of Baseline Surveys

• Technical assistance (international and local consultants)

• PCU staff and other resources • Necessary staff and other resources

MoLSS /CLU headquarter and PPCOs • Funds allocated to TA for: o organization and delivery of trainingo design data collection methodology,

tools and materials o Collection of data o Designing of database

• Related institutions will provide reliable data

• Staff will be released for training

• Base line survey results will be used for planning of new programmes

A c 3. Provincial Programme Coordination Offices (PPCOs)

33

Intervention logic Means Assumptions • Define the functions and prepare operational guidelines of the PPCOs.• Establish a Provincial Child Labour Documentation Centre within

the PPCOs • Train the PPCOs staff, teachers and volunteers. • Conduct a feasibility study through PPCOs concerning the number,

location and justifications for future CPRs.


• PCU staff and other resources • Necessary staff and other resources

MoLSS /CLU headquarter and PPCOs • Funds allocated to TA for:

o Refurbishment of 7 PPCOs o Recurrent cost of PPCOs ) o Staff development (HRD) o Feasibility study

• Premises will be available for PPCOs in selected provinces

• Local authorities will support the PPCOs

4. Provincial Action Committees Child Labour (PACs)

Act

iviti

es

• Provide in-depth, participatory training to committee members on child labour and effective methods to combat it;

• develop a PAC mission statement, strategy, terms of reference for PAC members, definitions of responsibilities, annual operational plans, a model for collaboration and cooperation with other institutions at local and national levels and effective channels for communication and information flow.

• Provide technical support for coordination and communication and joint programming opportunities among interest groups

• Determine cooperation models by which PACs will exchange experiences and lessons learnt.

ILO long and short-term experts (international and local consultants)

• PCC staff and other resources • Trained staff and other resources of

PPCOs • Training provided for PAC members • Governor’s leading role • Secretarial support given to PAC by

PPCOs

• Related parties are committed to full participation in PACs

• Continuity of participating

members attained • PAC members support the

implementation of PAC decisions

Ac tiv

5. Child Labour Monitoring Systems

34

Intervention logic Means Assumptions • Identify existing institutions gathering information on children or

monitoring child labour. • Establish a comprehensive, integrated, co-ordinated and multi-

disciplinary child labour monitoring system. • Design and implement a training programme on child labour

monitoring for PPCOs’ and schools staff. • Develop all necessary tools for the monitoring of village/ households,

schools and workplace, and an information network for efficient flow of information between local and national levels.

• Conduct regular monitoring • Develop school-based child labour monitoring systems in selected

schools. • Update information on child labour and create supplementary databases

ILO long and short-term experts (international and local consultants)

• PCU staff and other resources • Trained staff and other resources of

PPCOs • Trained school principals, counsellor,

teachers etc. • A Computer bases child labour

monitoring system

• Reliable data is provided by all actors involved

• Data bases of institutions with

relevant data are available for use

6. Advocacy and public awareness

Act

iviti

es

• Identify target groups and priority issues requiring advocacy. • Develop a comprehensive advocacy programme; • produce and distribute advocacy material • Organize national and local seminars, conferences, workshops. • Disseminate information and educational materials. • Provide assistance to governmental and non-governmental

organisations in order to carry out advocacy. • Organize field observation visits for decision-makers. •


• PCU staff and other resources • Trained staff /other resources of PPCOs • Publicity activities for awareness raising

(seminar, conference, meetings etc.) • Public relation documents (brochures,

posters, booklets, CDs etc.)

A c 7. Services to targeted children and their families

• Local public and private authorities are interested in and ready to be involved in programme activities

• Families and children are willing to participate in the programme

35

Intervention logic Means Assumptions • Identify initiatives, organizations and institutions, and analyze their

experience, capacities and services available for children and their parents.

• Establish referral and follow-up mechanisms within the PPCOs. • Classify and identify children and their families to benefit from the

programme • Identify existing educational alternatives and place ex-working

children into appropriate schools; establish a mechanism with the Ministry of National Education (MONE) to monitor children’s progress and verify school attendance.

• Provide withdrawal, educational, preventative and counselling services to identified children.

• Provide families with information and refers them to existing on legal and social services, literacy course, non-formal education courses and monitor much referred cases.

• Organise group or individual awareness-raising sessions with parents • Inform parents of alternative sources of income • Consult local government bodies, NGOs and donor agencies affiliated

with socio-economic development projects on the inclusion of families of children in worst forms of child labour in existing income-generation activities..


• PCU staff and other resources • Trained staff and other resources of

PPCOs • Results of Base Line Survey • Public relation documents (brochures,

posters, booklets, CDs etc)

36

ANNEX 2: Implementation chart


2004 2005 2006 2007 Tech. Assistance J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

37

ANNEX 3: Contracting and disbursement schedule


COMMITMENT AND DISBURSEMENT SCHEDULE (MEURO)

Contracted IV/2004 I/2005 II/2005 III/2005 IV/2005 I/2006 II/2006 III/2006 IV/2006 I/2007 check

Tech.Assist. 5,300,000 5,300,000 Cumulated 5,300,000 5,300,000 5,300,000 5,300,000 5,300,000 5,300,000 5,300,000 5,300,000 5,300,000 5,300,000 Disbursed 2. Tech.Assist. 1,590,000 928,000 928,000 928,000 926,000 5,300,000 Cumulated 1.590,000 1,590,000 2,518,000 2,518,000 3,446,000 3,446,000 4,374,000 4,374,000 5,300,000 5,300,000

Annex-4 List of Feasibility/pre-feasibility studies

Country: Turkey Biennium: 1992 – 93

Title Implementing Agency Date Programme to enhance the Child Labour Unit

Ministry of Labour and Social Security; Turkey

25/11/1992 25/11/1993

Enhancing the capacity of Trade Unions

Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions (TÜRK-İŞ)

01/11/1993 05/11/1994

Upgrading the awareness of employers

Turkish Confederation of Employers Associations (TİSK)

01/11/1992 31/10/1994

National survey on child labour State Institute of Statistics (SIS) 06/12/1993 05/05/1994

Field study on migration as one of the major causes of child labour

Association of Social Workers 12/05/1994 30/08/1994

Upgrading labour inspection skills on child labour

Child Labour Unit of the Ministry of Labour and Social Security

01/12/1992 30/05/1994

Health services for children working in small scale enterprises

FİŞEK Institute on Health Services and Research

01/06/1994 31/07/1995

Child labour in rural Turkey Development Foundation of Turkey 15/05/1993 15/01/1994

Children working on the streets in the Ankara Metropolitan (Pilot Project)

Municipality of Greater Ankara 02/12/1994 31/01/1996

Field study on the children working on the streets in the Istanbul Metropolis

Association of Social Workers 01/01/1993 01/01/1994

Biennium: 1994 – 95 Title Implementing Agency Date One day workshop in Istanbul University of Bogazici 09/10/1994

09/10/1994 Involvement of primary school teachers in improving conditions of child workers

Human Resource Development Foundation

01/10/1994 31/12/1994

Purchase of awarded photographs AFSAD, Turkey 20/10/1994 07/12/1994

Bridging Operation Municipality of Greater Ankara 09/11/1995 14/11/1995





National Symposium on the Problems and Solutions of Child Labour and Young Workers

Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions (Turk- IS)

15/05/1995 19/05/1995

Increasing awareness of the labour inspectors

Ministry of Labour and Social Security 06/06/1995 24/11/1995

Seminar for the findings of the national survey of child labour

State Institute of Statistics (SIS) 05/09/1995 05/09/1995

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Printing the postcards of child labour Donmez Printing; Turkey 03/10/1995 03/11/1995

Transportation of the multi- media materials for the exhibition in Geneva in November

ASYA Transport; Turkey 12/10/1995 16/10/1995

Invitation of Mr. Liemt to the “International Congress on Industrial Relations”

Turkish Industrial Relations Association

27/11/1995 02/12/1995

National Survey on Child Labour State Institute of Statistics (SIS) 01/10/1994 15/02/1996

Training of Primary School Inspectors on Child Labour

Human Resources Development Foundation

01/05/1995 31/03/1995

Increasing the awareness of small scale Enterprises in the Metal Industry

Turkish Confederation of Employers Associations (TİSK)

01/04/1995 31/03/1996

Strengthening of Turk- IS on Child Labour in the Leather Sector


23/12/1994

The Role of Child Labour in the Carpet Industry

TES- AR 23/08/1995 01/07/1996

Increasing the Awareness of TESK on Child Labour

Confederation of Turkish Trdms and Handicrafts (TESK)

10/03/1995 30/03/1995

National Photograph Exhibition on Child Labour

Association of Art Photographs and Cinema Amateurs in Istanbul (IFSAW)

20/02/1995 31/03/1995

Enhancing the Capacity of the Child Labour Unit


Biennium : 1994-1995 Title Implementing Agency Date Increasing the Awareness of Teachers in the Apprenticeship Training Institutions

Ministry of Education 06/05/1995 06/04/1996

Development of a Training Programme for TESK Inspectors

Confederation of Turkish Tradesmen and Handicrafts (TESK)

01/07/1995 25/12/1995

Training the Trainers of MEKSA Foundation of Vocational Training and Small Industries (MEKSA)

16/10/1995 21/10/1995

Implementation of Labour Inspection Policy on Child Labour in Turkey

Child Labour Unit of the Ministry of Labour and Social Security

01/11/1994 31/12/1995

Health Services for Children Working in Small Scale Enterprises in Istanbul


14/07/1994 31/07/1995

Health Services for Children Working in Small Scale Enterprises in Ankara


01/06/1994 31/05/1995

Improving Working Conditions of Working Children


01/01/1994 01/01/1995

Analysing the affects of chemical products on child labour


Vocational Training for Migrant Children in Eastern Turkey

Foundation of Vocational Training and Small Industries (MEKSA)

01/03/1995 05/06/1995

International Congress on Industrial Relations

International Association of Industrial Relations, Turkey

01/01/1994

Vocational Training for Rural Child Labour Development Foundation of Turkey 14/04/1995 15/08/1996

Children Working on the Streets in Ankara Municipality of Greater Ankara 02/12/1997 31/06/1996

Vocational Training for the Migrated Children in Eastern Turkey

Foundation of Vocational Training and Small Industries (MEKSA)

06/10/1995 06/01/1996

Total Number of Programmes : 35

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Country: Turkey Biennium: 1996 – 97 Title Implementing Agency Date Increasing the awareness of solvent producers in Istanbul

Ministry of Labour and Social Security

01/03/1996 30/06/1996

Strengthening the primary education of rural child labour

Development Foundation of Turkey 07/02/1996 07/04/1996

Publication of education materials for rural children

Research Association of Rural Environment

01/03/1996 23/06/1996

Understanding the problems of child labour Confederation of Real Trade Unions HAK- İŞ, Turkey

25/03/1996 25/04/1996

Video cassette duplication for the Ministry of Labour in Thailand

B. Can, Turkey 12/04/1996 15/04/1996

Developing the awareness of university students and teachers on the problem of child labour

Middle East Technical University School of Foreign Languages, Turkey

01/01/1996 01/06/1996


Baskent University, Department of English Language, Turkey

01/01/1996 01/06/1996

Establishment of a Child Labour Unit at Bilkent University

Bilkent University, Dean of Students Office, Turkey

01/01/1996 01/06/1996


Bilkent University, School of English Language, Turkey

01/01/1996 01/01/1996

Training of IPEC partners on monitoring and evaluation

TESAR 07/11/1997 20/11/1997

Child Labour pictures AFSAD 15/06/1997 15/09/1997

Publication of a book in English addressing the problem of child labour in Turkey

Turkish Confederation of Employer Associations (TİSK)

01/02/1997 01/05/1997

Enhancing the capacity of the General Directorate of Police, Department of Security, Division of Child Protection

General Directorate of Police, Department of Security / UNICEF

01/05/1997 30/09/1997

Provision of health services for working children in small scale enterprises in Istanbul


01/04/1996 30/09/1996

Training of primary schools principals and their environment on child labour

Human Resources Development Foundation; Turkey

01/04/1996 30/05/1996

Female child labour in domestic work: Past and Present

Women’s Library and Info. Center Foundation Turkey

01/05/1996 30/11/1999

Children Working on the Streets of Ankara Municipality of Greater Ankara (changes with addendum)

01/06/1996 18/12/1996

Training Programme of the TESK TES- AR; Turkey 01/01/1996 15/05/1998

Provision of Health Services for working girls in small scale in Denizli


24/04/1996 20/05/1999

Increasing the awareness of the principals of Apprenticeship Training Centers in Istanbul

Ministry of Education 12/04/1996 31/04/1997

Training of the Regional Provincial Offices of Turk IS


08/07/1996 13/08/1997

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Biennium: 1996 – 97 (cont.) Title Implementing Agency Date Improving the working conditions of children in small scale enterprises in the metal sector

Turkish confederation of Employers Associations (TİSK)

01/08/1996 28/11/1997

Training the Labour Inspectors on Child Labour


01/02/1997 01/12/1997

Vocational Training for Rural and Domestic Child Labour

The Development Foundation of Turkey

01/03/1997 01/11/1999

Vocational Training for the Migrated Children in Eastern Turkey

The Foundation of Vocational Training and Small Industries

01/04/1997 04/07/1997

Vocational Training for Rural Child Labour The Development Foundation of Turkey

01/03/1997 01/12/1999

Increasing the Awareness of Solvent Producers and Labour Inspectors in Selected Regions”


01/09/1997 10/01/1999

Total Number of Programmes : 27 Biennium: 1998– 99 Title Implementing Agency Date Provision of Health Services for Working Girls in Small Scale Enterprises in Denizli.

Fişek Institute 26/03/1996 20/05/1999

Training of Workplace Inspection and Consultancy Group

The Confederation of Turkish Tradesmen and Handicrafts (TESK)

05/02/1998 29/09/1999

An integrated approach to improve the working conditions of children

The Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions (TÜRK-İŞ)

01/05/1998

Establishment of a Child Labour Unit with Small and medium size employers in the metal sector in Istanbul,Pendik Industrial Site

The Turkish Confederation of Employer Associations (TİSK)

01/07/1998 01/07/1999

Support to income generation activities for families of child labourers through the ILO's Start Your Business programme with a view to gradually eliminate child labour.

The Confederation of Turkish Tradesmen and Handicrafts(TESK) and the Development Foundation of Turkey (DFT)

06/08/1998 06/08/2000

Centre for children working on the streets of Diyarbakır

Prime Ministry, Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) and Governate of Diyarbakır, Social Services and Child Protection

15/03/1999 15/03/2001

Strengthening the capacity of The Confederation of Progressive Turkish to combat child labour

The Confederation of Progressive Turkish (DİSK)

01/06/1999 01/04/2000

Strengthening the Capacity of The Confederation of Turkish Real Trade Unions to combat child labour

The Confederation of Turkish Real Trade Unions (HAKİŞ)

01/06/1999 01/04/2000

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Increasing the attendance, retention and performance rates of working children in the Primary Education System

The Ministry of National Education (MONE)

01/07/1999 01/07/2001

Enhancing the Capacity of the Child labour Unit, The Ministry of Labour and Social Security

The Ministry of Labour and Social Security (MOLSS)

01/07/1999 01/07/2001

Biennium: 1998– 99 (cont) Title Implementing Agency Date Bridge Operation The Confederation of Turkish Trade

Unions (TÜRK-İŞ) 01/01/1998 01/06/1998

Global March Organizing Committee of Global March in Turkey

01/01/1998 01/06/1998

Support to the publication of a book The Turkish Confederation of Employer Associations (TISK)

01/01/1998 01/06/1998

Bridge Operation The Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions (TÜRK-İŞ)

01/01/1998 01/06/1998

Bridge Operation The Turkish Confederation of Employer Associations (TISK)

01/01/1998 01/06/1998

Programme Development on the rehabilitation and prevention of working street children in the effected earthquake areas

Middle East Technical University 01/10/1999 01/12/1999

Establishment of a Health and Safety Center for working children

The Confederation of Turkish Tradesmen and Handicrafts

01/01/1999 01/06/1999

Total Number of Programmes : 17 Biennium: 2000–2001 Title Implementing Agency Date Rehabilitation and prevention of working children in Yalova, Marmara Earthquake Region


01/11/1999 31/07/2003

Rehabilitation and prevention of working children in Gölcük and Adapazarı, Marmara Earthquake Region

General Directorate of Social Services and Child Protection

10/01/2000 31/07/2003

Integrated programme for the elimination of worst forms of child labour in selected industrial areas in İzmir by 2003.


01/09/2000 ongoing

Child Labour sample survey in Turkey State Institute of Statistics National March against child labour (mini programme)

The Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions, the Confederation of Turkish Real Trade Unions, the Confederation of Progressive Turkish Trade Unions

01/04/2000 01/07/2000

Programme Proposal Development (mini programme)

Development Foundation of Turkey 19/07/2000 02/08/2000

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Support to the European Conference on Child Abuse and Neglect: improving child protection policies and practices (mini prog.)

Turkish Society for the prevention of child abuse

15/05/2001 15/02/2002

An education campaign to eliminate child labour

TURK-IS, HAK-IS,DISK 01/06/2001 31/09/2002

Elimination of CL in Pendik Industrial Site TISK 01/04/2001 30/06/2002

Preparation of a time bound policy and programme framework on the elimination of child labour


15/11/2000 ongoing

Total Number of Programmes : 10

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3. Annex-5 Legislative Framework 1. National Legislation Policies and programmes related to child labour are grounded in Turkish national legislation. In addition to rights laid out in the Turkish Constitution, there are integral basic laws relating to the employment of children. These are: Labour Law No. 4857; Vocational Training Law No. 3308; General Hygiene Law No. 1593; Law on Basic Education and Training; Education Law No. 4306; Law on Trade Unions; Law on Duty and Authority of Security Forces; Law on Municipalities; Law on General Directorate for Social Services and Child Protection. Some of the most important basic provisions are as follows: Constitution: Provisions related to the employment of children are incorporated into the Constitution. Article 50 of the Turkish Constitution guarantees basic rights to working children by explicitly stating: “No one shall be employed in work that is unsuitable for their age, gender or capabilities. Minors, women and individuals with physical and mental disabilities shall be accorded special protection in terms of working conditions.” Moreover, Article 90 recognizes the legitimacy of international conventions and prevents any court challenge of their constitutionality. It is this particular article that obliges Turkey to harmonize its existing legislation with international conventions so as to abstain from arrangements and practices that conflict with such conventions. Labour Law No. 4857: The New Labour Law that was enacted on 10 June 2003 has regulatory provisions with regards the minimum age of employment, prohibition of employment of children and protection of children at work. In addition, for the effective implementation of the provisions penalties have been foreseen in the Law. The provisions of the New Labour Law are given below: Age of employment, prohibition on employment of children ARTICLE 71. – It is prohibited to employ children under the age of fifteen. However, those children who are fourteen and have completed basic education may be employed in light work which does not impede their physical, mental and moral development and education of those who attend schools.

Security, health, physical, mental and psychological development, personal inclination and capability aspects are considered in employment of children and young workers. Employment of the child shall not impede his/her attendance to school, professional education and regularly follow his/her courses.

Those jobs which are prohibited for children and young workers below eighteen as well as those which are prohibited for young workers who are fifteen but not eighteen and the light jobs which are allowed for children who are fourteen and completed their basic education, and the working conditions are established by a regulation to be prepared by the Ministry of Labour and Social Security within six months.

The working hours for children who completed their basic education and do not attend school may not be longer than seven hours a day and thirty five hours a week. However,

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that period may be increased up to eight hours a day and forty hours a week for children who completed the age of fifteen.

The working hours during the academic term of the children attending school may be two hours a day and ten hours a week maximum, outside the education hours. The working hours for holiday terms may not exceed the periods set forth in the first paragraph above.

Prohibition on employment underground and underwater

ARTICLE 72. – It is prohibited to employ men below the age of eighteen and women at any age underground or underwater in such places and posts as mine galleries, cabling, sewerage and tunnel construction.

Prohibition on nighttime work

ARTICLE 73. – It is prohibited employ children and young workers below the age of eighteen to work at nighttime in industrial works.

Heavy and dangerous works

ARTICLE 85. – Young workers and children who are sixteen may not be caused to work in heavy and dangerous positions.

It is established by a regulation to be prepared by the Ministry of Labour and Social Security based on the opinion to be delivered by the Ministry of Health, which works are to be considered heavy and dangerous, in which heavy and dangerous positions women and young workers, who are sixteen but not eighteen are to be employed.

Report for heavy and dangerous works

ARTICLE 86. – Unless it is reported by the workplace physician, occupational health dispensaries, or where they are not available by physicians in the closest Social Insurance Organization, public healthcare clinics, local government or municipality, at the time of recruitment and thereafter at least once a year that the workers to be employed in heavy and dangerous positions are suitable for and resistant to such works, it is prohibited to recruit or employ such persons in such positions. Social Insurance Organization may not defer from carrying out the recruitment examination.

In the case of objection to the report issued by the workplace physician, the worker is subjected to examination by the health board of the closest Social Insurance Organization Hospital, and the report issued is final.

The employer is obliged to show such reports upon request by authorized officials.

Such reports are exempted from stamp duties and any fees and duties.

Report for workers under the age of eighteen ARTICLE 87. – It is obligatory to have child and young workers between fourteen and eighteen (including eighteen) examined by workplace physician, occupational health

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dispensaries, or where they are not available, in turn by physicians in the closest Social Insurance Organization, public healthcare clinics, local government or municipality prior to recruitment, establish through reports that they are physically fit and resistant to the conditions of the work, to have them similarly examined by physicians every six months until the age of eighteen, control whether there is any drawback to continue to employ them in the respective work and to keep all these reports at the workplace and present them to authorized officials upon request. Social Insurance Organization may not defer from carrying out the recruitment examination.

In case of objection to the report issued by physician mentioned in the first paragraph, the worker is subjected to examination by the health board of the closest Social Insurance Organization Hospital, and the report issued is final.

Such reports are exempted from stamp duties and any fees and duties. Vocational Training Law No. 3308 (amended with 4702): This law ensures that children can only be employed if they can be provided with training to enhance the development of their knowledge and skills.

Apprenticeship training is the compulsory training for youths, who after completing compulsory education have started working at a workplace, which shows activity in a recognized province and occupational branch under the Law 3308, in order to learn a profession.

Those under the age of 14 cannot start apprenticeship training even if they have completed compulsory education. The minimum age limit required to start apprenticeship training in strenuous, and/or dangerous occupations, or occupations with a specialty requirement, may be increased by the Ministry of National Education after consultancy with related organizations.

For youths who have completed their compulsory education before their 14th birthday, there is candidate apprentice application which continues until they become of age. Another condition of entering apprenticeship training is the suitability of the youth’s constitution and health for the occupation he/she has chosen.

Until 2001, those over the age of 18 could not enter apprenticeship training. However, the upper age limit to enter apprenticeship training has been removed with the amendment made to Law no. 3308.

Candidate apprentices and apprentices have student status and have all the rights given to students. They are not included in the number of personnel working at a workplace. Employers are responsible for paying a minimum of 30% of the appropriate minimum wage for that age to candidate apprentices and apprentices with whom they have signed an agreement. Wages are paid during the probation period as well. All wages paid to candidate apprentices and apprentices are tax exempt.

Candidate apprentices and apprentices have one month leave a year. These rights are legally protected. In addition, up to one-month leave without pay is given to those whose justification is accepted, after receiving the views of the training center directorate.

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Candidate apprentices and apprentices are insured against work accidents, illnesses related to the profession, and illness. The insurance premiums are paid by the State. The employer is liable for work accidents and profession-related illnesses of candidate apprentices and apprentices that might come about due to the fault of the workplace.

The responsibility for the practical training of candidate apprentices and apprentice students falls on the enterprises. In accordance with the regulations, enterprises employing candidate apprentices and apprentices are obliged to have a master trainer. Enterprises to give skills training to ten or more students establish a training unit for this purpose. Master trainers or teaching personnel who have mastership proficiency and have received work pedagogy training are appointed to these units.

For those enterprises with 20 or more employees, this law requires establishments to provide training to vocational high school students at a rate of 5-10 percent of the total number of employees. With the articles added to the Trades and Craftsmen Law no. 507 in 1991, the Turkish Confederation of Trades and Craftsmen (TESK) has been given authority and responsibility in the planning, implementation and supervision of practical training given at workplaces connected to TESK. This duty is fulfilled by the federations, unions and chambers connected to TESK.

The standards of the workplaces where apprentice students will receive practical training have been determined by TESK in cooperation with MoNE in accordance with the provisions of Law no. 507. Workplace Supervision and Consultancy Groups (IDDG) have been established to maintain the provision of vocational training at workplaces in accordance with the provisions of the Law. General Hygiene Law No. 1593: This law contains provisions related to the working conditions of children. While prohibiting the employment of children under age 12 as ordinary workers, it allows the employment of children in the 12-16 age groups, but limits their workday to less than eight hours. Law on Basic Education and Training: This law prohibits employment of children of primary-school age unless they document their school enrolment. Those who can document their enrolment are only permitted to work during off-school hours. Education Law No. 4306: Ratified in August 1997, this law extended compulsory education from five to eight years. In line with this legislative change, the MONE has developed a BEP, which includes measures that address the issue of child labour (See below, BEP). 2. International Conventions The Turkish Government’s commitment to the elimination of child labour can be seen through its positive responses in bringing national legislation into line with international

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conventions. Turkey has ratified five ILO Conventions related to child labour: Convention No. 15: Minimum Age (Trimmers and Stockers), 1959; Convention No. 58: Minimum Age (Sea) (revised), 1959; Convention No. 77: Medical Examination of Young Persons (Industry), 1984; Convention No. 123: Minimum Age (Underground work), 1992; Convention No. 59: Minimum Age (Industry) (revised), 1993. In addition, the Turkish Parliament ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) on 27 January 1995 and earlier ratified the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), both of which contribute considerably to the elimination of child labour (See below, Government’s Follow up Plan to “A World Fit for Children”). The gradual elimination of child labour is also among the stated national development priorities in the country strategy note for Turkey for 1995-1999 developed under the auspices of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). More recently, the Turkish Parliament Ratified ILO Convention No. 138 on Minimum Age for Employment on 23 January 1998, and the decision was published in the Official Gazette on 27 January 1998. ILO Convention No. 182 on the Elimination of Worst Forms of Child Labour was adopted on 1 June 1999 and ratified by Turkey on 26 January 2001. In line with Article 90 of the Turkish Constitution mentioned above, in June 2003 Turkey harmonized its national legislation in line with these conventions. 3. National Policies and Programmes with Direct Relevance to the Elimination of Child Labour: Within the wider context of national development, an environment has emerged in Turkey that has led to a broader view of the problem of child labour. National visions, policies, strategies, programme frameworks and legislation have created a tremendous amount of policy support towards the development and implementation of a TBSP in Turkey. Briefly, they are as follows: 8th Five-Year Development Plan: The economic and development priorities of the Government of Turkey are spelled out by the Office of the Prime Ministry in the 8th Five-Year Development Plan of Turkey (2000-2005). This document contains objectives directly and indirectly influencing child labour. Those directly addressing the issue were prepared with the participation of the MOLSS CLU. As stated in the Official Gazette (27.06.2000), the Plan commits the Government not only to respond to the demands arising from child labour trends, but also to be pro-active in promoting policies to alter such trends. Policies directed at the root causes of child labour include efforts to increase family incomes, provide social welfare and security to families and reduce the costs of education for poor families. Another important policy statement concerns the accessibility and quality of education and ensuring full implementation of the eight-year compulsory primary education scheme as well as the revision and improvement of the vocational training programme (p. 107). The following specific child labour policy directives form a part of the Plan (pp. 114 and 115):

840. To fully implement the CRC.

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843. To eliminate the causes forcing children to go to work, to the streets or to become involved in crime and drug abuse.

844. To eliminate the constraints that prevents children from attending school. To ensure full implementation of the eight-year compulsory primary education scheme. To raise the quality of vocational training. To eliminate child labour in the long term.

845. To enhance the capacity of institutions that provide services to children in terms of the number and skills of staff.

850. To harmonize national legislation with international conventions.

Government’s Urgent Action Plan: The goal of the elimination of child labour is an integral part of the recently elected Government’s Urgent Action Plan. The TBSP and the proposed programme were designed to ensure this goal is achieved. European Union Regular Progress Report towards Accession: Turkey’s candidacy for full membership of the European Union was approved in 1999, and the Government has fully committed itself to adopting the EU criteria as part of its national development efforts. The EU progress reports of 2000 and 2002 both include references to continuing efforts for the elimination of child labour as one of Turkey’s short-term goals and note decreases in the number of working children. GAP Five-Year Development Plan: The Southeastern Anatolia Regional Development Administration (GAP) is responsible for the largest and most comprehensive regional development effort in the history of the Turkish Republic. Elimination of child labour is a priority objective in the GAP Five-Year Development Plan. Master Plan of Action: The Master Plan of Action (MPA) agreed with UNICEF is a policy document of the Government of Turkey that focuses heavily on child labour issues. The MPA commits the government to full implementation of the CRC. BEP: Education in Turkey at all levels is provided free by the State. Policies and strategies concerning national education are determined through government programmes and spelled out in the 8th Five-Year Development Plan. Since the extension of compulsory education from five to eight years with the passage of Education Law No. 4306 in 1997, the government has been making a strong effort to ensure that every child under the age of 15 is in school. The BEP contains policies that demonstrate the MONE’s commitment to addressing the issues of child labour, clearly stating that child labour is a key issue on the agenda of education within Turkey. Furthermore, MONE’s budget projections include a significant allocation for future projects targeting child labour. Within the framework of the BEP, the following specific projects have been developed to benefit working children: Project for Providing Working Children with Full-time Schooling and Increasing Their Achievement Level; Project for Increasing Sensitivity to the Problem of Child Labour; Social Aid Project in Support of Eight Year Primary Education.

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Government’s Follow up Plan to “A World Fit for Children”: The Government of Turkey, in its National Report on Monitoring submitted in conjunction with the UN General Assembly’s special session, A World Summit for Children (2002), emphasized its intention to pursue strategies to remove macro-level social and economic disparities in order to eliminate the underlying economic and social causes of child labour (para. VI/1). The Government identified three long-term goals with regard to working children: (i) Children will be allowed to work only in jobs that will positively affect their personality development and enhance their abilities, without any concerns as to economic gain; (ii) Except for educational purposes, employment of children under 18 will be prohibited; (iii) Unemployment will be prevented and inequalities in the distribution of income will be removed (para. VI/2).