Livelihood Interventions & Production System Livelihood Interventions & Production System through Watershed Developmentthrough Watershed Development

ER. S.S KahlonExpert LivelihoodSLNA,Punjab

To live, a man selects a path for generating Adequate Resource

to Meet the daily Requirement on Sustainable Basis.

• Assets• Activities• Capabilities

WellbeingWellbeing

Production SystemProduction System

ResourceResource

IncomeIncome

CapabilityCapability

EducationEducation

MarketMarket

HealthHealthTechnologyTechnology

EmpowermentEmpowerment RiskRisk

Livelihood, a Complex System

Livelihood Enhancement AimsLivelihood Enhancement Aims

• Increase in Income• Reduction in Expenditure• Increase in Employment• Reduction in Risk

Types of Livelihood in watershedTypes of Livelihood in watershed

• Land Based Livelihood• Non-Land Based Livelihood

Land Based Livelihood depends upon Resource Management which leads to Natural Resource Management (NRM). Social Resource Management (SRM) is also essential for Land Based Livelihood. Current Approach

NRM SRM+ = LRM

To Achieve the LRM

Focus on Natural Resources

Focus on Community

Focus on Institutions

Rights on CPRs

Labour Groups

Creation of Livelihood Funds

Linkage with Finance Institutions

Farming System Approach in Rain Farming System Approach in Rain fed area:fed area:

Factor contributing low production in rain fed area includes:

1. Uneven-erratic distribution of rain fall.

2. Low cropping intensity.

3. Lack of well defined farming approach.

4. Lack of knowledge about rain water and moisture conservation.

5. Limited availability and choice of cultivars.

• For optimizing production and productivity of rain fed area and to meet the additional demand of food , fodder, fiber and fuel suitable mix of farming system including alternative land use system such as Silvi-Pasture , tree farming, alley cropping, lay farming, dry land horticulture, agro horticulture etc should stressed.

• To reduce the possibility of total crop failure and economic loss integrated farming system approach including a blending of diversified and mixed farming consisting of crop husbandry, agro forestry, dry land horticulture, live stock, Pasture and fodder development should be considered under farming system approach.

Contd..

This system involves growing more than one crop in seasons in a

year contributing higher cropping intensity and productivity in cropping circle .

Component of multi cropping system are:

1. Mix Cropping - Growing no. of crops in some season in one field.

2. Inter Cropping - Growing one minor crop generally leguminous with major crop generally cereals crop.

3. Strip Cropping - Growing few rows of erosion resistantcrop and erosion permitting crops in alternative strips on contour or across the slopes, crop mix usually involve grasses, legumes, cereals etc.

DIVERSIFEID CROPPING SYSTEMDIVERSIFEID CROPPING SYSTEM (mix of tree, shrub and herbs)(mix of tree, shrub and herbs)

• Alley cropping - Tree cum crop farming• Lay farming - Crop rotation includes a period of

of pasture development preferably with mix of legume fodder

• Agri Horticulture - Mix of crop husbandry and growing horticulture crop.

(Fruits, Vegetables, Horticulture)

• SILVI PASTURE - Growing of multipurpose forest tree (fast growing) with pasture (grass, legume mix ) to provide fiber, food, fuel fodders timbers.

Medicinal Plants-Aloe VeraMedicinal Plants-Aloe Vera

Agro-ForestryAgro-Forestry

Integrated Nutrient Integrated Nutrient Management (INM)Management (INM)

Organic FarmingActivities relating to crops horticulture and live stock and other IGA may generate biomass for production of organic manures, organic resources are cheap, easily to manageable involve no risk as compared to agro chemical

Organic manures beside providing essential plant nutrients help in conserving moisture in rain fed area. Agriculture production in arable and non arable area in watershed requires to be stabilized with regular supply of required quantity of plant nutrients..

• Soils of rain fed area are not only thirsty but hungry too.• Chemical fertilizers are costly.• Risk associated with rain fed area - Failure may lead to loss of capital

investment on costly input.• Ill effect of agro chemical due to their indiscriminate use .• Organic manures improve physical property of soil which in turn

increase water holding capacity of soils .

Biomass generated from crops

Livestock wastage.

Poultry wastage

By product of other house hold production activities .

Aquatic plant and pond silt.

Organic FarmingOrganic Farming

It methods namely cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical in a It methods namely cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical in a

compatible manner to keep pest and weed below economic injury compatible manner to keep pest and weed below economic injury

level and help to minimize environmental is a broad based ecological level and help to minimize environmental is a broad based ecological

concept of pest and weed control employing pollution due to concept of pest and weed control employing pollution due to

chemical.chemical.

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT COMPONENT:INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT COMPONENT:

1.1. Growing pest resistant plant.Growing pest resistant plant.

2.2. Biological control.Biological control.

3.3. Pheromones attractant and repellents.Pheromones attractant and repellents.

Traditional formulations like neem oil, emulsion , Traditional formulations like neem oil, emulsion ,

organic decoction of chilies ginger, garlic are tested and promoted. organic decoction of chilies ginger, garlic are tested and promoted.

Address Address

Livelihood through MANAGEMENT OF COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES.Livelihood through MANAGEMENT OF COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES.

Development and Management of common property resource is necessary to lay Development and Management of common property resource is necessary to lay

solid foundation of livelihood support system of rural people .solid foundation of livelihood support system of rural people .

People have to manage resource not only as CPR but also as common People have to manage resource not only as CPR but also as common

responsibility for driving common benefits. The resources are to be generated first responsibility for driving common benefits. The resources are to be generated first

and then the question of sharing the benefit arise.and then the question of sharing the benefit arise.

The PIA staff who is approaching the people and motivating should organize them The PIA staff who is approaching the people and motivating should organize them

in SHG. More and more no of landless labour, SC, ST,who are vitally linked in SHG. More and more no of landless labour, SC, ST,who are vitally linked

with with CPR should be organized.CPR should be organized.

Those SHG may be motivated to form self help thrift group .Those SHG may be motivated to form self help thrift group .

SHG may be linked with bank after maturity .SHG may be linked with bank after maturity .

Common land activities like establishment of composite Common land activities like establishment of composite nurseries. Silvi nurseries. Silvi

pasture pasture development community fish pond, planting of fruit trees, grasses which development community fish pond, planting of fruit trees, grasses which

would would help in moisture conservation and meet the local need can be taken up.help in moisture conservation and meet the local need can be taken up.

Benefits may be distributed among the members of SHG after retaining some Benefits may be distributed among the members of SHG after retaining some

amount for watershed development fund.amount for watershed development fund.

HORTICULTURE CROPS (WHERE IRRIGATION FACILITY IS AVAILABLE)HORTICULTURE CROPS (WHERE IRRIGATION FACILITY IS AVAILABLE)Ultra high density plantation (UHDP)Ultra high density plantation (UHDP)

YIELD OF UHD MANGO & CONVENTIONAL MANGO ORCHARD

PARTICULAR CONVENTIONAL UHDP

Plant spacing 10 * 10 Mt. 3*2 Mt.

No of plant/ hectare 100 1666

Time for commercial level yield 7-9 years 3-4 years

Time to reach full yield 12-5 years 4-5 years

No of plants of mango under traditional methodNo of plants of mango under traditional method = 40 No/Acre= 40 No/AcreNo of plants of mango under UDHP methodNo of plants of mango under UDHP method = 674 no./Acre= 674 no./Acre Drip irrigation and fertilization technique are employed to manage UHD mango:Drip irrigation and fertilization technique are employed to manage UHD mango:

SAILENT FEATURESSAILENT FEATURESYield 3 timesYield 3 timesHigh incomeHigh incomeCommercial yield in 3 yearsCommercial yield in 3 yearsFruit bearing can be regulated to get produce every year.Fruit bearing can be regulated to get produce every year.Inter cropping is possible in initial years.Inter cropping is possible in initial years.Easy to harvest because of low height of plant.Easy to harvest because of low height of plant.Existing orchard can be converted into UHDPExisting orchard can be converted into UHDP

Contd..

Green Kharif OnionGreen Kharif Onion

Particulars Activity

Seed Source National Seed Cooperation

Variety Nasik-53

Quantity of Seed 1 Qt.

Sowing time Feb

Quantity of Onion sets Produced

34 qt. sets

Production of Green Onion

267 qt per Hectare

Average Market Rate

15 Rs\- Kg

Gross Income 4 Lacs

• Systematic• Measurable• Achievable• Realistic• Time Bound

House hold production system can be classified into following

categories:

SMALL LIVE STOCK SYSTEM :- This would include poultry, piggery ,

rabbit rearing, goat and sheep rearing etc.

BIOMASS / Agro processing - This include basket making, rope

making various handicrafts ( toy making, wood carving) leaf plates ,

Saucer plates, oil extraction , food processing (pickle , jams , jelly etc.

Service Sector: This would include carpentry , black smithy, tool kits

for castration, plant protection equipments.

OTHER HOUSEHOLD IGA- Mushrooms bee keeping, sericulture , bio

fertilizer

• Formation of SHG- Keeping in view interest, skill and occupation for 10-12

member SHG.• Training- Training for each activities

should be organized.

• Equipment and Material- Equipment & material have to be provided.

• Implementation of activities- Necessary guidance and help to group to

initiate the activities marketing should be provided.

Household production system should be formed Household production system should be formed as interlocked and interrelated to watershed development as interlocked and interrelated to watershed development with both forwarded and backward linkage.with both forwarded and backward linkage.

BACKWARD LINKAGEBACKWARD LINKAGE: : Where rope making and leaf Where rope making and leaf plate making are to be promoted grasses and species like plate making are to be promoted grasses and species like Dhak Mahwa should be planted and promoted.Dhak Mahwa should be planted and promoted.

FORWARDED LINKAGEFORWARDED LINKAGE: : Need based vocational Need based vocational training as per requirement of the activities should be training as per requirement of the activities should be arranged.arranged.

Livestock Based LivelihoodLivestock Based Livelihood

• Health Care• Fodder Development• Livestock Based Funds• Door Step Artificial

Insemination

Health CareHealth Care

Mega Health CampMega Health Camp VaccinationVaccination Training on ManagementTraining on Management Demonstrations of UTPS and HeymakingDemonstrations of UTPS and Heymaking AI & PD CampsAI & PD Camps

• Grasses on Bunds and Wasteland

• Promotion of Fodder Trees

• Introduction of Dual Purpose Crops

• Mineral Mixture Making

• Revolving Fund for Purchase of– Cow– Buffalo– Sheep– Goat– Backyard Poultry

Crossbreed of Local Cows and BuffalosUse of Frozen Semen Compulsory PD and Calf Birth RecordLinkage with Cattle Bread AssociationMarketing LinkagePromotion of Self Employment

• Health Care to All the Livestock in the Watershed

• Mitigating Fodder Calamity• Promotion of Livestock Based Livelihood

to Land less People• Linkage with Animal Husbandry

Department for Research• Marketing

FisheriesFisheries

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