Equity and Education The State of Education Series March 2013 A Global Report Indicators This presentation includes analysis of gender/income/location disparities in: n Net Enrollment Rates (NER) for primary and secondary n Net Attendance Rates (NAR) for primary and secondary n Out of School Children (OOS) n Repetition Rates n Primary/Secondary Completion Rates n Learning Outcomes n Gross Enrollment/Attendance Rates (GER/GAR) for tertiary n Youth and Adult Literacy Rates Acronym Guide Pre-Primary Education Do gender disparities exist in pre- primary enrollment rates? n Gender parity indices (GPIs) are calculated by dividing the female value for an indicator by the male value, so perfect gender parity equals 1. A value below 1 indicates a bias toward males. A value above 1 indicates a bias toward females. n Globally, the GPI has been increasing from.98 in 2000 to perfect gender parity (1.0) in n Most regions are very close to gender parity (+/- 0.02) in Only MNA lags behind. n 4 of 6 regions have a slight female bias. Gender parity in pre-primary enrolments (1.0) has been achieved globally and in most regions. Do rural/urban disparities exist in pre- primary attendance rates in ECA? Source: Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys In World Inequality Database on Education (WIDE), Nov % of 3 to 4 year olds attending any type of preprimary education program Do income disparities exist in pre- primary attendance rates in SSA? Source: Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys In World Inequality Database on Education (WIDE), Nov % of 3 to 4 year olds attending any type of preprimary education program Primary Education Are more females out-of- school than males? n In 1999, there were almost 62 million females out-of-school compared to 45.5 million males. 58% of the worlds out-of- school children were female. n In 2010, around 32 million girls were out of school compared to 28.6 million boys. 52.5% of out-of-school children were female. n The gap between male and female totals decreased from 16.5 million to 3.6 million between 1999 and More Females are Out of Primary School than Males Where are more females out-of- school? n Over half of the worlds out of school girls are in SSA, and just under 1/4 are in South Asia. n South Asia has decreased its total number of females out-of-school by 17.7 million since The regions total dropped from 25 million to 7 million. n SSA has also decreased its total from 24.3 million in 1999 to 17.5 million in out of every 4 Out-of-School Girls are in either Sub-Saharan Africa or South Asia Which countries have the most females out-of-school? n Around half of the worlds out-of-school females live in these 10 countries. n 36% of the worlds out-of- school females live in the Top 4 countries. n Nigeria, Pakistan, and India all have more our- of-school females that the sum of all females out-of- school in LAC and ECA. n Half of the countries are in SSA and three are in South Asia. Are there gender, income, or location disparities in the % of children OOS? n In all regions, more low income students are OOS than high income students. SAS has the largest income disparity at 29 percentage points difference between the top and bottom quintiles. SSA follows closely behind with 24 points. n A higher % of boys are OOS in EAP, ECA, and LAC, but a higher % of girls are OOS in SAS and SSA. n In all regions except for ECA, a higher % of rural students are OOS. This disparity is highest in SSA at 15 percentage points. 2 Low income is the greatest source of disparity in percentages of OOS children across regions. Which regions have reached gender parity in primary enrollments? n Gender parity indices (GPIs) are calculated by dividing the female value for an indicator by the male value, so perfect gender parity equals 1. A value below 1 indicates a bias toward males. A value above 1 indicates a bias toward females. n Globally, the GPI has been increasing from.93 in 1999 to.98 in n Most regions are very close to gender parity (+/- 0.03). Only MNA and SSA lag behind. n EAP, ECA, and LAC have achieved gender parity in primary (+/- 0.02). All regions except MNA and SSA are within 0.03 of gender parity in primary enrollments. Have most countries reached gender parity in primary enrollments? n Half of countries with data have already achieved gender parity (+/-.02). n 78% of countries with data are within 0.05 of gender parity. n Many more countries have a bias toward males in primary enrolments (GPI