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© 2010-2011 Equinix, Inc. | www.equinix.com 1 EQUINIX WHITEPAPER By the Equinix Innovations Team OPTIMIZING INTERNET APPLICATION PERFORMANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Speed Availability & Consistency Platform Equinix SM How Do We Test Application Performance? Results Round Trip Time, Traceroutes, Availability, and Predictability Takeaways pages 2 3 3 4-5 6 7 7-8 9

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Page 1: EQUINIX WHITEPAPER OPTIMIZING INTERNET APPLICATION PERFORMANCE · OPTIMIZING INTERNET APPLICATION PERFORMANCE SPEED The speed of your site is judged on responsiveness to actions on

© 2010-2011 Equinix, Inc. | www.equinix.com

1

EQUINIX WHITEPAPER

By the Equinix Innovations Team

OPTIMIZING INTERNET APPLICATION PERFORMANCE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Speed

Availability&Consistency

PlatformEquinixSM

HowDoWeTestApplicationPerformance?

Results

RoundTripTime,Traceroutes,Availability,andPredictability

Takeaways

pages

2

3

3

4-5

6

7

7-8

9

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© 2010-2011 Equinix, Inc. | www.equinix.com

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EQUINIX WHITEPAPER

Performanceisn’tjustaboutthespeedofasite;availabilityandconsistencyarealsoimportant.Beingabletodeliverconsistent,reliableserviceisfundamentaltocustomerconversionandretention.FromfrustratedconsumerstryingtobuygiftsforChristmastomultinationalcompaniesattemptingtodocomputationalmodeling,alltypesofcustomersbecomefrustratedwhenwebsitesorcloudservicesaren’tfastorpagesfailtoload.Beingabletoprovideyourcustomersaconsistentexperience,orinthecaseoftheenterprise,toactuallyguaranteethatperformanceandconsistencywithaServiceLevelAgreement(SLA),translatestoincreasedrevenuebyimprovingtheenduserexperienceandreducingresistancefromcorporatebuyers.

Inthispaper,wedescribehowleveragingEquinixasthefoundationforyourservicescanreducelatencyby15%globally,reducedowntimebyupto80%,andincreasepredictability,allwithouthavingtoinvestthetimeorincurtheexpensetochangeorredesignyourapplicationarchitecture.

Intoday’sdigitaleconomy,performancecanbeastrategicdifferentiatorforyourcompany.Whetheryou’reabankhandlingmillionsofclientsonline,aretailerdependentonyourwebsitetodrivesales,oracloudcomputingcompanypoweringenterprises,performance-relatedenduserexperienceisoneofthekeycriteriaonwhichyourcompanywillbejudged.Therearenumerousexamplesofhowperformancecanimpactrevenue:

By the Equinix Innovations Team

OPTIMIZING INTERNET APPLICATION PERFORMANCE

■■ Amazon—“Every100msdelaycosts1%ofsales”1—for2009thattranslatesinto$245million

■■ Mozillashaved2.2secondsofloadtimeoffitslandingpagesandincreaseddownloadconversionsby15.4%,translatingintoanadditional60milliondownloadseachyear2

■■ Microsoftfoundthatanincreaseof500msofdelaysonitspageloadsresultedinlosing1.2%inrevenueperuser3

■■ WhenShopzillareduceditspageloadtimeby5seconds,itsawanincreaseof25%inpageviewsanda7-12%increaseinrevenue4

■■ 10mslatencycouldresultin10%lessrevenueforU.S.brokerages5

1. http://sites.google.com/site/glinden/Home/StanfordDataMining.2006-11-28.ppt2. http://blog.mozilla.com/metrics/category/website-optimization/3. http://en.oreilly.com/velocity2009/public/schedule/detail/85234. http://assets.en.oreilly.com/1/event/29/Shopzilla%27s%20Site%20Redo%20-%20

You%20Get%20What%20You%20Measure%20Presentation.ppt5. http://www.tabbgroup.com/PublicationDetail.aspx?PublicationID=346

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OPTIMIZING INTERNET APPLICATION PERFORMANCE

SPEEDThespeedofyoursiteisjudgedonresponsivenesstoactionsonthepage(scriptrequests,imagerenders,etc.)andonhowquicklyuserscantransitionfrompagetopage(loadinganewpage).Theelementsofspeedcanbefurtherbrokendown:thenetworklatencyandbandwidthbetweenyourendusersandyoursite,theperformanceofyourserverinfrastructureinrespondingtoarequest,andhowquicklytheuser’sbrowsercanrenderyoursitebasedonhowthewebpageiscoded.Whilethereisatremendousbodyofknowledgeonhowtoincreasebandwidth,optimizeserversandcodewebpages,networklatencyisgenerallyconsideredimmutable.Butnewstudiesshowthatifyoureducelatency,itwillhaveatremendouseffectonpageloadtimes,evenmoresothanbandwidth,withevery20msofreducednetworklatencyresultingina7-15%decreaseinpageloadtimes.6

AVAILABILITY & CONSISTENCYAvailabilityofawebsiteisn’tsolelydependentonhowwellyouoperateyourinfrastructure;itisalsoaffectedbytheperformanceofyourinternetserviceprovider(ISP)andotherserviceproviders.Disputesbetweencarriershavesometimesresultedinafragmentedinternet,withsomeendusersunabletoaccesscontentwhileothersareunaffected.7Likewise,achievingconsistentsiteperformanceisbasedonanamalgamationofinternalfactors(e.g.,propercapacityplanning,loadmanagement)andexternalfactors(e.g.,internetperformance,localtraffic).Again,whiletheprinciplesofoptimizingtheinternalfactorsarewellunderstood,howtooptimizetheexternalfactorshasseemedtobeasecretheldbyonlythelargestcontentproviderssuchasGoogleorAmazon.Inthiswhitepaperwedescribehowtheselargecontentcompaniesincreasetheircontroloverexternalforces,andhowyourcompanycanreproducethiseasilyandcosteffectively.

BENEFIT OF ADDING AN EXTRA MBPS

BENEFIT OF REDUCING RTT

PAGE LOAD TIME AS RTT DECREASES

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Per

cent

Imp

rove

men

t

Bandwidth (Mbps)2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

20%

18%

16%

14%

12%

10%

8%

6%

Per

cent

red

ucti

on

in P

LT

RTT (ms)22

020

018

016

014

012

010

0 80 60 40 20 0

4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

Pag

e Lo

ad T

ime

(ms)

RTT (ms)22

024

020

018

016

014

012

010

0 80 60 40 20 0

Conventionaladviceonreducinglatencyrecommendsusingathird-partyprovidersuchasaContent-DeliveryNetwork(CDN)todistributecontentandleveragingtheirinfrastructuretogetgeographicallyclosertotheenduser.WhileaCDNcanhelpacceleratestaticcontentandeffectivelydistributevideo,theincreasinglydynamicnatureoftheweb(socialmedia,real-timeAPIaccess,etc.)reducesCDNeffectiveness,andinareal-timecloudapplicationmaynotbeabletohelpatall.ThisstudyshowshowitispossibletoreducenetworklatencyacrosstheinternetbyhousingapplicationinfrastructureinEquinixdatacentersandleveragingtheuniquenetworkdensitylocatedinthem.

6. http://www.belshe.com/2010/05/24/more-bandwidth-doesnt-matter-much/

7. http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2008/03/18/cogent-telia-peering-dispute-widely-felt/

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EQUINIX WHITEPAPER

OPTIMIZING INTERNET APPLICATION PERFORMANCE

PLATFORM EQUINIXSM

Whydomorethan3,600customers,includingthetopcarriers,CDNs,contentproviders,andcloudproviderschooseEquinixastheirdatacenterservicesprovider?Equinixprovidessomeofthemostreliable,securefacilitiesintheworld,andourlongtrackrecordofdeliveringexcellentservicehasearnedthetrustoftopcompanies’CTOsandCIOswhoknowapplicationperformanceismissioncritical.Butequallyimportant,Equinixdatacentersaresituatedincriticallocationsthroughouttheinternet,whichenablesEquinixcustomerstooptimizetheirendusers’experience.Tounderstandhow,let’squicklyreviewthestructureoftheinternet.

Tothegeneralpublic,theinternetisa“cloud”theycanplugintoanywhere,butthefundamentalstructureoftheinternetisactuallydrasticallydifferent.Theinternetisavastseriesofinterconnectednetworksthatrideonthephysicalcapacityofhundredsoftelecomproviders.Thesenetworksoverlapgeographically(somemajorcitieshavemorethan50networks),andtheyalsosharecommoncharacteristics.

First,allISPsarchitecttheirnetworkswithbackboneconnectionsengineeredashigh-speedtrunksbetweenkeynetworknodes.Sincethesebackbonesareresponsibleforcarryingmassiveamountsofdataanddistributingthemacrossthenetwork,theyarecriticaltoeachcarrier.Therefore,carriersdevotesignificantengineeringandoperationalresourcestoensurethebackbonerunsasquicklyandwithaslittlecontentionaspossible.Bycontrast,theregionalcoverageornon-backbonenetworksbuiltbythatsameISPmayhavesomedegreeofoversubscription,resultinginunpredictablebehaviorandnetworkcongestion.

Second,thephysicalcablesformingthesebackbonenetworksgenerallyconvergeoncertainlocationsduetopopulationdensityandgeographiclimitations.Inaddition,sub-seacablesthatconnecttheworld’scontinentsreachtheshoreatverydistinctlocationsbasedongeographiccharacteristics(awayfromshippinglanestopreventcablecuts,butstillnearmajorcities),resultinginplacementsimilaroridenticaltowhereISPslocatetheirbackbonenetworks.

ATLANTIC OCEAN

PACIFIC OCEAN

INDIAN OCEAN

INDIAN OCEAN

ARCTIC OCEANARCTIC OCEAN

Chukchi Sea

Beaufort Sea

Caribbean Sea

Hudson BayGulf of Alaska

Baffin Bay

Gulf of Mexico

Norwegian Sea

Greenland Sea

North Sea

MediterraneanSea

BalticSea

Black Sea

AralSea

Bering Sea

Barents Sea

ArabianSea Red Sea

CaspianSea

Bay ofBengal

Tasman Sea

Coral Sea

Arafura Sea

Sea of JapanYellow Sea

Sea of Okhostk

Euro

pe In

dia

Gat

way

AC

E

UnityUnity

MENA

EASSy

TE North

Honotua

IMEWE

IMEWEFLAG Hawk

HANTRU-1

Seahorse-1

Venezuela–CubaEurope India Gateway

Main One

Suriname –Guyana

Matrix Cable System

Optikor/Pipe Pacific Cable-2 (PPC-2)

AC

E

WA

CS

ACE

WA

CS

Argentina –Uruguay

SPIN

Gulf Bridge

Gulf Bridge

China-Taiwan

Samoa – American Samoa

Lion

Mai

n On

e

SPIN

Seahorse-1

Yellow/AC-2

Yellow/AC-2

Tata

TG

N-W

este

rn E

urop

e

Tata TGN-Pacific

Tata TGN-Pacific

Tata TGN-Pacific

Tata TGN-Pacific

Tata TGN-Atlantic

Tata TGN-Atlantic

Tata TGN-Atlantic

Tata TGN-Atlantic

VMSCS

Transworld

TPC 5

TPC 5

TPC 5

TPC 5

TPC 5TPC 5

TIS

Tata TGN - Tata Indicom

TAT-14

TAT-14

TAT-14

TAT-14

Sout

hern

Cro

ss

Southern Cross

Southern Cross

Sout

hern

Cro

ss

Sout

hern

Cro

ss

Southern Cross

Southern Cross

SAC/LAN

SAC

/LAN

SAC

/LAN

SAC/

LAN

SAC/

LAN

SAC/LAN

SAm-1

SAm

-1

SAm

-1

SAm

-1

SAm

-1

SeaMeWe-4

SeaMeW

e-4

SeaMeW

e-4

SeaMeWe-3

SeaMeW

e-3

SeaM

eWe-

3

SeaM

eWe-

3

SAS-1

SAT-

3

SAT-

3

SAFE

SAFE

SAFE

PAC

PAC

PC-1

PC-1

PC-1

PC-1

NorthStar

MAC

MAC

MedNautilus

Med Cable

Maya-1

Kuwait-Iran

KJCN

JASURAUS

Japan-U.S.

Japan-U.S.

Japan-U.S.

Japan-U.S.

Japan-U.S.

i2icn

Hibernia Atlantic

Hibernia Atlantic

Hibernia Atlantic

Hibernia Atlantic

Guam-Philippines

Glob

eNet

GlobeNet

GlobeNet

GlobeNet

Glob

eNet

Georgia-Russia

FOG

FLAG/Reach North

Asia Loop

FLAG FALCON

FLAG

Eur

ope-

Asia

FLAG Europe-Asia

FLAG Europe-Asia

FLA

G E

urop

e-A

sia

Fibralink

FA-1

FA-1

FA-1

FA-1

FARICE

EAC-

C2C

EAC

-C2C

EAC-C2C

Dumai-MelakaCable System

Columbus-III

Columbus-III

China-U.S.

China-U.S.

China-U.S.

China-U.S.

EAC-C2C

EAC-

C2C

BSFOCS

Bharat LankaCable System

BICS

Bahamas 2

Atla

ntis

-2

Atla

ntis

-2

Atla

ntis

-2

AC-1

AC-1

AC-1

AC-1

ARCOS

Apollo

ApolloApollo

Apollo

AP

CN

-2

APCN-2

APCN

APCN

Americas-II

Americas-II

ALPAL-2

Alaska United West

Alaska United East

Australia-Japan

Qatar-U.A.E.

Cayman-Jamaica

Atlas Offshore

Curaçao–Trinidad

Kodiak Kenai

WARFDhiraagu-SLT

Gemini Berm

uda

Matrix Cable System

Caucasus Cable System

CFX

-1

Gondwana-1

HSCS

KELTRA-2

MIC-1

Russia–JapanCable Network

Tels

tra

Ende

avou

r

TPE

TPE Trans-Pacific Express

Tata TGN–Intra Asia

Tata

TGN–I

ntra A

sia

DANICE

SMPR-1

APCN

SEAK

Batam-Rengit

GO-1

Lanka Bell

SAm-1

LEV

SeaMeWe-3

GCN

SHEFA-2

GWEN

FLAG FALCON

Pan A

merican

Hannibal

ACS Alaska–Oregon

Pan American

Amer

ican

Sam

oa–H

awai

iAAG

Asia-America Gateway

Asia-America Gateway

Asia-America Gateway

Asia-America Gateway

Challenger Bermuda-1

Gre

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nd C

onne

ct

Greenland Connect

PIP

E PP

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SEAC

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SEACOM

TEAM

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Bahamas-Haiti

CADMOS UGARIT

Berytar

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JAKABARE

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Globe

Net

SEACOM

CANTAT-3

BARSAV

Antillas-1

GERMANY

GREENLAND

KENYA

ETHIOPIA

ERITREA

SUDAN

EGYPT

NIGER

MAURITANIAMALI

NIGERIASOMALIA

NAMIBIA

LIBYA

CHAD

SOUTH AFRICA

TANZANIA

ANGOLA

MADAGASCAR

MOZAMBIQUE

BOTSWANA

ZAMBIA

GABON

CENTRAL AFRICANREPUBLIC

UGANDA

COTED'IVOIRE

LIBERIA

SIERRA LEONE

GUINEA

GAMBIA

CAMEROON

SAO TOME &PRINCIPE

ZIMBABWE

CONGO

EQUATORIALGUINEA

WESTERNSAHARA

DJIBOUTIGUINEA BISSAU

CAPEVERDE

BAHRAIN

YEMEN

IRAN

OMAN

SAUDIARABIA

AFGHANISTAN

PAKISTAN

TURKMENISTAN

UZBEKISTAN

UNITEDKINGDOM

KIRIBATI

WESTERNSAMOA

AMERICANSAMOA

TONGA

FRENCH POLYNESIA

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

JAPANSOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

NEWZEALAND

NEWCALEDONIA

VANUATU

GUAM

PALAU

SOLOMONISLANDS

FIJI

TUVALU

MICRONESIA

SENEGALBURKINA FASO

GHANA

TOGO

BENIN

DEM. REP.OF CONGO

RWANDA

BURUNDI

LESOTHO

SWAZILAND

TUNISIA

MALTA

MOROCCO

ALGERIA

COMOROS

SEYCHELLES

MAURITIUS

RÉUNION

QATAR

U.A.E.

TAJIKISTAN

KAZAKHSTAN

GEORGIA

ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN

CANADA

UNITED STATES

UKRAINE

MOLDOVA

ROMANIA

BULGARIA

GREECE

ALBANIA

IRELAND

FRANCE

SPAIN

PORTUGAL

NETH.

BELGIUM

LUX.

SWITZ.

LEICH. AUSTRIA

CZECH REP. SLOVAKIA

POLAND

HUNGARY

CROATIASLOVENIA

ESTONIA

DENMARKLATVIA

LITHUANIA

BELARUS

ITALY

MACEDONIA

SERBIA

BOSNIA& HERZ.

NORWAY

SWEDENFINLAND

ICELAND

CYPRUS

LEBANON

ISRAEL

SYRIA

JORDAN

IRAQ

KUWAIT

TURKEY

BHUTAN

MYANMARLAOS

THAILAND

CAMBODIA

VIETNAM

TAIWAN

PHILIPPINES

MALAYSIA

MALAYSIA

BRUNEI

INDONESIAEAST TIMOR

AUSTRALIA

CHINA

MONGOLIA

MEXICO

BRAZIL

URUGUAY

ARGENTINA

CHILEPARAGUAY

BOLIVIA

PERU

ECUADOR

COLOMBIA

VENEZUELA

GUYANA

SURINAMEFRENCHGUIANA

THE BAHAMAS

CUBA

JAMAICA

HAITI

BELIZE

GUATEMALA

EL SALVADOR

HONDURAS

NICARAGUA

COSTA RICA

PANAMA

DOMINICANREPUBLIC

PUERTORICO

VIRGIN ISLANDSANTIGUA

GUADELOUPE

DOMINICA

MARTINIQUE ST. LUCIA

ST. VINCENTGRENADA

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

AZORES

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

RUSSIANFEDERATION

BANGLADESH

SRI LANKA

MALAWI

KYRGYZSTAN

PAKISTAN

INDIA

NEPAL

TAJIKISTAN

KAZAKHSTAN

MALDIVES

BERMUDA

MONT.

Johannesburg

Barcelona

Milan

Glasgow

Hamburg

Odessa

Vancouver

Toronto

Montreal

San Francisco

Silicon Valley

Los Angeles

Miami

Seattle

Denver

Portland

Detroit

Quebec

Calgary

Honolulu

Rostov

Edmonton

São Paulo

Rio de Janeiro

Anchorage

Marseille

Lyon

St. Petersburg

Mumbai

Kolkata

Taipei

Shanghai

Nanjing

Macau

Osaka

Hiroshima

Sapporo

Perth

Melbourne

Brisbane

Chennai

Auckland

Houston

Mumbai

Dallas

Kabul

Luanda

Yerevan Baku

Minsk

Belmopan

Porto Novo

La Paz

Sucre

Brasilia

Sofia

Ouagadougou

Bujumbura

Yaounde

N’Djamena

Santiago

Bogota

Moroni

San Jose

Havana

Prague

Copenhagen

Djibouti

SantoDomingo

Quito

Asmara

Addis Ababa

Helsinki

Cayenne

Libreville

Tbilisi

Gibraltar

Athens

Georgetown

Tegucigalpa

Budapest

Reykjavik

Tehran

Baghdad

Rome

AmmanDamascus

Nairobi

Kuwait City

Riga

Maseru

Tripoli

Antananarivo

Lilongwe

Bamako

Nouakchott

Mexico City

Monaco

Windhoek

Niamey

Abuja

Oslo

Muscat

Panamá

Warsaw

Doha

Bucharest

Moscow

Kigali

Riyadh

Mogadishu

Cape Town

Madrid

Paramaribo

Stockholm

Dushanbe

Dar es Salaam

Tunis

Ankara

Asgabat

Kiev

Washington DC

Montevideo

Tashkent

Caracas

Sanaa

Kinshasa

Lusaka

Harare

Algiers

Buenos Aires

Vienna

Gaborone

Ottawa

Bangui

Brazzaville

Cairo

San Salvador

Malabo

Tallin

Banjul

Berlin

Accra

Godthab

Guatemala

Conakry

Bissau

Port-au-Prince

Dublin

Abidjan

Beirut

Monrovia

Rabat

Maputo

Managua

Asunción

Lima

Lisbon

Dakar

Freetown

Bloemfontein

Khartoum

Mbabane

Lome

Kampala

Astana

Belgrade

Tirane

Sarajevo

Zagreb

Skopje

Chisinau

Bratislava

Brussels

Ljubljana

Vilnius

Kingston

Canberra

Dhaka

Suva

Jakarta

Phnom Penh

Vientiane

Kuala Lumpur

Ulaanbaatar

Rangoon

Wellington

Pyongyang

Manila

Seoul

Bangkok

Beijing

Noumea

Port MoresbyHonaira

Hanoi

Dili

Thimphu

Bandar SeriBegawan

Dodoma

New DelhiKathmandu

Islamabad

Colombo

Bishkek

Astana

AbuDhabi

Podgorica

Pretoria

Chicago

Paris

Geneva

Zurich

London

Munich

Frankfurt

Düsseldorf

Amsterdam

TOK

YO

Ninomiya

Emi

Miura

Wada

Ajigaura

Chikura

Maruyama Japan-U.S.PC-1

China-U.S.

FLAG Europe-Asia

EAC–C2C

Australia-Japan

FLAG NAL/Reach NAL

APCN-2

EAC–C2C

TPC 5

Tata TGN–Pacific

SYD

NE

Y

Southern Cross

Southern CrossBrookvale

Paddington

Sydney

Oxford Falls

Alexandria

Australia-Japan

Australia-Japan

Telstra Endeavour

Gondwana-1PIPE PPC-1

SOU

THE

RN

FLO

RID

A

Maya-1

SAm-1GlobeNet

MAC

Columbus-III

BICSCFX-1

Bahamas 2Vero Beach

North Miami Beach

Hollywood

Boca Raton

ARCOS

Americas-II

SIN

GA

PO

RE

APCN-2

i2icn

APCNAsia-America Gateway

EAC–C2CEAC–C2CTISMIC-1Tata TGN–Tata IndicomTata TGN–Intra Asia

Changi

Tuas

Katong

Singapore

SeaMeWe-3

SeaMeWe-4Matrix Cable System

SAN

JU

AN

GCN

SAm-1

Antillas-1

Americas-IIMiramar

Isla Verde

San Juan

ARCOSSMPR-1

NE

W J

ER

SEY

N

EW

YO

RK

Manasquan

Tuckerton

ApolloGemini-Bermuda

FA-1

Tata TGN-Atlantic

MAC

AC-1

Yellow/AC-2Apollo

TAT-14

GlobeNet

Bellport

Crab Meadow Beach

Long Beach

Wall Township

Brookhaven

Shirley

HO

NG

KO

NG

EAC–C2C

SeaMeWe-3Tata TGN-Intra Asia

APCNAPCN-2FLAG Europe-AsiaAsia-America Gateway

Lantau Island

Tseung Kwan O

Deep Water Bay

Chom Hom Kok

EAC–C2C

FLAG NAL/Reach NALTong Fuk

HA

WA

II

TPC 5American Samoa-Hawaii

Telstra EndeavourAsia-America Gateway

Southern CrossKahe Point

Makaha

Keawaula

Japan-U.S.

GU

AM

Tanguisson Point

Australia-JapanTPC 5

Guam-PhilippinesAsia-America Gateway

China-U.S.

Australia-Japan

Piti

Tumon Bay

Tata TGN-Pacific PIPE PPC-1

CO

RN

WA

LL

Goonhilly Downs

Skewjack

Bude

Whitesands Bay

Porthcurno

Apollo

TAT-14

Yellow/AC-2GLO-1

SeaMeWe-3

FA-1

AC-1

FLAG Europe-Asia

SUBMARINE CABLE MAP2010 TeleGeography

Map depicts in-service and planned international and U.S. domestic cables with a minimum capacity of 5 Gbps after full upgrades. Intra-European cables in the North and Baltic Seas are not depicted. In-service cables included have an announced Ready for Service (RFS) date by December 31, 2009. Planned systems are cables under construction or those that are scheduled to enter service by 2012. Map does not depict proposed cables that have not announced landings or configuration. Cable routes are stylized and do not reflect physical cable location.

NORTH AMERICA:Chicago DallasLos AngelesNew YorkSilicon ValleyWashington DC

EUROPE:AmsterdamDüsseldorfFrankfurtGenevaLondonMunichParisZürich

ASIA-PACIFIC:Hong KongSingaporeSydneyTokyo

FIBER-OPTIC SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEMS

EQUINIX IBX METRO CENTERS EQUINIX EXPANSION

PENDING SUCCESSFUL ACQUISITION OF SWITCH AND DATA IN Q2 2010

In-service system Planned system

Phoenix Atlanta

Nashville

St. Louis

Indianapolis Pittsburgh

Buffalo

Cleveland

Boston

Philadelphia

Tampa

MIAMI

Map of Undersea Fiber Optic Cables. To request a printed copy, visit: http://www.equinix.com/requestmap.

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Third,ISPsmusthavecommercialagreementswitheachothertopasstraffic,andphysicallyconnectbackboneswitheachothertoaccomplishthis.Thelocationswherethebackbonestietogether,alsoknownaspeeringpoints,arethebridgebetweencarriers.Thus,aroutebetweentwocomputersconnectedtodifferentcarriersmightnotbetheshortestpossibleroute:datasentfromacomputerinBostontoacomputerinMainemaygothroughapeeringpointinNewYork.TheimplicationsbecomeevengreaterinAsia,whereaPCinSingaporetryingtoreachSydneymayberoutedthroughLosAngeles,transitingthePacificOceantwice.Thesetypesofroutinginefficienciescanhavedevastatingconsequencesonperformance.

Equinix’sdatacenterswerebuilttoactasthemajorpeeringpointsforISPs,andourfoundingprincipleistoserveasaneutrallocationforcarriersandtheircustomerstomeetandefficientlyexchangetraffic.Equinixistheonlyglobalproviderofcarrier-neutraldatacenterservices.Morethan600carriersconnect

witheachotherinourfacilitiesaroundtheworld,andthecarrierconnectionstoourfacilitiesaretheirbackbonelinksthatexpediteinternettraffic.

Equinixcustomerschoosetobuildtheirinfrastructureinsideourdatacenterstoensurereliabilityandsecurity,whileconnectingtothecarrierstheychooseinordertoleveragetheworld’smostreliableandefficientnetworkroutes.ThisallowsbusinessestomitigatetheunpredictabilityoftheinternetbyconnectingdirectlytotheISPstheirendusersusemostoften,whetheralargecablebroadbandproviderintheU.S.,aFrenchISP,orawirelessproviderforsmartphones.Becausethephysicalspeedlimitationscausedbygeographicaldistancescanalsobeafactor,Equinixhasbuiltdatacentersallaroundtheworld,enablingourcustomerstolocatetheirinfrastructureasclosetotheirendusersaspossible.Wecallourcombinationofreliabledatacenters,locatedaroundtheworld,whichcontaindynamicecosystemsofcustomersandnetworks“PlatformEquinix.”

CUSTOMER

6HOPS

7HOPS

6HOPS

3HOPS

4HOPS

4HOPS

CUSTOMERA

BC

TYPICAL ROUTE TO END USER

OPTIMAL ROUTE TO END USER

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IncollaborationwithCompuware/Gomez,EquinixcreatedadedicatedtestplatformtoquantifytheapplicationperformanceenabledbyPlatformEquinix.Bybuildinga“beaconserver”connectedtomultiplecarriers,Equinixsimulatedtheeffectsofdifferentapplicationroutingscenarios—connectedtoonlyonecarrierorconnectedtoamultitudeofcarriers—usingthesamehardware,softwareandphysicallocationtoremoveasmanyvariablesaspossible.Inaddition,torepresenttheimpactofgeographicdiversity,EquinixreplicatedthebeaconserveratsitesontheEastCoast(Ashburn,Va.)andWestCoast(SiliconValley,Calif.).ThebeaconserverwasinitiallyconfiguredtorepresentatypicalserverdeploymentwithaconnectiontoasingleISPinonelocation.Theconfigurationwasthenconnectedwithuptofivecarriersacrossmultiplesites.

Gomez,thewebperformancedivisionofCompuware,providestheindustry’sleadingsolutionfortestingtheperformance,availability,andqualityofwebandmobileapplications.TheGomezplatformintegrateswebloadtesting,webperformancemanagement,webcross-browsertesting,andwebperformancebusinessanalysis,enablingorganizationstotestfromthe“outside-in”acrossallusers,browsers,devices,geographies,anddatacenters.Gomezhascreatedauniquemonitoringsolutionthatalignswithourattemptatrepresentingrealperformanceacrosstheinternet.ItsActiveLastMilecapabilityprovideson-demandactivemonitoringfrommorethan150,000real,consumer-gradecomputersconnectedtoover2,500localISPsandwirelesscarriersinmorethan168countriesaroundtheglobe.

Gomezistheonlysolutionabletoprovideanaccurateviewintotheenduserexperiencefromanywhereontheinternet,anywhereintheworld,onanycarrier.Inaddition,theGomezplatformisextensibleandflexibleenoughforEquinixtocapturestandarddata,suchasend-to-endconnectiontimeandavailability,andalsocreatecustomtraceroutescriptstoprovidevisibilityintoactualnetworkpathstaken,byperformingscriptedroutinesusingtheirlast-milenetwork.Theresultingdatawasparsedbyremovingoutlyingdata(thebottomandtop2.5%ofresultsforalltests),sortedbyregionandstatisticallyanalyzedtocalculatevariance(whichtranslatesintopredictability).

Equinixtestedthreekeyparameters:roundtriptime,traceroute,andavailability.Roundtriptimerepresentsthetimeittakestoestablishaninitialconnectiontoaserver.Thisminimizesanydifferencesinpagerenderingtime,aswellasanypotentialconcernsaboutdatabaseorback-endaccess.Differentialsinroundtriptimescanthenbeisolatedtocorrelatewithnetworkspeed.Thetraceroutetestcountshowmanynetworkhopsexistbetweenthelast-miletestnodeandthebeaconservers.Finally,availabilitydatawascollectedfromallgloballocations,whichfactorsinthereliabilityoftheinternetasawhole.

HOW DO WE TEST APPLICATION PERFORMANCE?

Backbone Gomez Last Mile Virtual Test Bed Your Actual User

Web Performance Management and Load Testing150+ locations

Web Performance Management and Load Testing150,000+ locations

Cross-Browser Testing500+ browser/OS combo’s5,000+ supported devices

Real User MonitoringWorldwide, wherever your users are

The Gomez Network: World’s Largest and Most Comprehensive Performance Monitoring and Testing Network

Source: http://www.gomez.com/products-solutions/technology/the-gomez-network/

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RESULTSWhencomparedtoatypicaldeployment,roundtriptime,traceroutes,andavailabilitywereallmateriallybetterinthemulti-carrier,multi-nodesolution.Inaddition,predictabilitywasimprovedacrossallthreefactors.

ROUND TRIP TIME

Roundtriptimewasreduced17%globally,inAsia-Pacific(APAC)byastriking29%(65ms),Canadaby24%(25ms),LatinAmerica(LATAM)by14%(22ms),U.S.by11%(11ms),andEuropeMiddleEast/Africa(EMEA)by7%(9ms).Usingthemodelingdoneinotherresearch8,witha20msimprovementrepresentinga7-15%dropinpageloadtimes,wecanextrapolatethedramaticimprovementsinperformancepossible.

TRACEROUTES

Traceroutesdepicthowmanydifferentroutersapacketmusttraverseonitswaytothefinaldestination.Amoredirectroutemeansfewerpointsinthepathforcongestion,failure,orvariability.ByleveragingdirectaccesstomultiplecarriersinoneEquinixfacility,thenumberofhopstothebeaconserverisdramaticallyreduced.Globallynetworkhopsdecreasedby24%,APACdecreasedby31%,EMEAby27%,Canadaby21%,LATAMby16%,andtheU.S.by7%.Thistranslatesintomoredirectconnectivityfromyourenduserstoyourservers.

0.00

Seconds

0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

APAC Total

Canada

EMEA Total

Latma Total

US

Grand Total

One Carrier Multicarrier

4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0

APAC Total

Canada

EMEA Total

Latma Total

US

Grand Total

One Carrier Multicarrier

Network hops

8. http://www.belshe.com/2010/05/24/more-bandwidth-doesnt-matter-much/

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AVAILABILITY

Availabilityimprovementsachievedan81%reductionindowntimeglobally,translatingintoadropfrom11totwohoursofdowntimeinayear.Typically,availabilitymeasurementssimplyshowwhetherornotyoursiteinfrastructureisupandwhetherornotitisreachablefromasingletestnode.ByusingGomez’sActiveLastMilemonitoring,wegainvisibilityintositeavailabilityfromtheenduser’sperspective,factoringinwhateverconnectivityoravailabilityissuestheirinternetconnectionmightbeintroducing.Thisprovidesamoreholisticviewofsiteavailability.Bydeployinginouroptimizedfashion,downtimeinHongKongwentfrom50to0hours,inUAEfrom120to0hours,andintheU.S.from13to0hours.Forendusers,thisrepresentsthedifferencebetweenfailingtoaccessyourapplicationandtheassurancetheycanaccessthemreliablyeverytime.

PREDICTABILITY

Bytakingthestandarddeviationsfromallthesourcedata,wefind77%lessvariabilityinconnectiontime,28%lessvariabilityintraceroutehops,and23%lessvariabilityinavailability.Notonlyisperformanceimprovedacrosstheboard,butpredictabilityofthatperformanceisalsoincreaseddramatically.

0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0

APAC Total

Canada

EMEA Total

Latma Total

US

Grand Total

One Carrier Multicarrier

Hours of downtime annually

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Standard DeviationEnd to End

Standard Deviationof Traceroute

Standard Deviationof Availability

One Carrier Multicarrier

Standard deviation

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Howdifficultisittoimplementthearchitecturewetested?Amazinglysimple.Asthisstudyclearlydemonstrates,whereyoulocateyourinfrastructureplaysahugeroleinhowwellyoursiteorapplicationperforms.Withoutanysoftwareorserveroptimization,wewereabletoobtainsignificantimprovementsinperformancebyleveragingEquinixasaglobalinterconnectionhub.ThisrepresentsatremendousROIcomparedtoexpensivesoftwareengineeringeffortsorinfrastructureoverhauls.ByleveragingPlatformEquinix,youcanincreasetheperformanceofyoursiteby15-20%andincreaseavailabilityandpredictabilitywithouthavingtoredoanysoftwareorhardware.

Asstudieshaveshown,performanceiscriticaltotheenduserexperience.ArecentsurveybyEquationResearchshowedmanyconsumerswillabandonawebsiteorcompanyapplicationthatperformsslowly9:

■■ Nearlyone-third(32%)ofconsumerswillstartabandoningslowsitesafteroneandfiveseconds.

■■ 39%ofconsumerssayspeedismoreimportantthanfunctionalityformostwebsites,whileonlyoneinfiverankedsitefunctionalityasmoreimportant.

■■ Morethanone-third(37%)ofconsumerssaidtheywouldnotreturntoaslowsite,and27percentwouldlikelyjumptoacompetitor’ssite.

TAKEAWAYSSimplybycolocatingattherightdatacentersandbeingabletodirectlyaccessmultipleISPs’backbones,youcanachievethesignificantperformancebenefitsthatallowcompanieslikeGoogleorMicrosofttobefastforallusersindependentoftheirlocation.Theseperformanceimprovementstranslateintomeasurablebusinessbenefits:

■■ Increasedrevenueforretailers■■ Morepageviews(andadviews)forcontentcompanies■■ Moresatisfiedcustomersforanytypeofsiteorapplication

Whetheryourcustomersareregionalorglobal,Equinixhasdatacenterservicesintherightlocationstohelpyoudramaticallyimproveapplicationperformancetoendusers.

Equinix, Inc. (Nasdaq: EQIX) provides global data center services that ensure the vitality of the information-driven world. Global enterprises, content and financial companies, and more than 600 network service providers rely upon Equinix’s insight and expertise to protect and connect their most valued information assets. Equinix operates International Business Exchange™ (IBX®) and partner data centers across 35 metro areas in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific.

PHOENIX

SEATTLE

DENVER

ST. LOUIS

NASHVILLE

ATLANTA

INDIANAPOLIS

PITTSBURGHDETROIT

TORONTOBUFFALOCLEVELAND

BOSTON

PHILADELPHIA

TAMPA

MIAMI

DUSSELDORF

MUNICH

ZURICH

GENEVA

PARIS

LONDONAMSTERDAM

HONG KONG

SHANGHAI

TOKYO

SINGAPORE

SYDNEY

FRANKFURT

SILICON VALLEY

LOS ANGELES

CHICAGO

NEW YORK

DALLAS

WASHINGTON, DC

9. http://www.gomez.com/wp-content/downloads/GomezWebSpeedSurvey.pdf