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-15-

1 smnþb,asaTika GdækfaRB¼vin&ybidk 2 kgçavitrNI ¦matikdækfa GdækfaRB¼átiemakç 3 sumg:lvilasnI GdækfaTIXnikay 4 bbBa©sUTnI GdækfamCÄimnikay 5 sartSb,kasinI GdækfasMyutþnikay 6 menarfbUrNI GdækfaGg:útþrnikay 7 brmtSeCatika GdækfaxuTÞkáz£ nigsutþniát 8 FmµbTdækfa GdækfaFmµbT 9 Catkdækfa GdækfaCatk 10 GdæsalinI GdækfaFmµsg:NIbkrN_ 11 semµahvienaTnI GdækfaviPg:bkrN_ 12 bBa©krNdækfa eQµa¼brmtSTIbnI CaRB¼GdækfaRB¼GPiFmµTaMg RáMKm<Ir KW Fatukfa kfavtSú buK:lb,BaØtþi ymk nigbdæan . 13 visuT§imK: bkrN_viesseBaleday sIl smaFi bBaØa . 14 jaeNaT&y EtgmunkalenA}NÐa c,ab´edImGnþrFanehIy . 15 britþdækfa GdækfaRB¼éRtbidkc,ab´segçb c,ab´edImGnþþrFan ehIy .

RB¼Km<IrTaMgen¼ ánCaRbeyaCn_d¾éRkElg cMeBa¼mnusßkñúgRbeTs epßg@ elakeBalTukfa Km<IrTaMgGseRbIeBlevlaRtwmEt 1 qñaM k¾án

-16-

seRmc ánekItesckþIGs©arü sUm,IEpndIk¾keRmIkjabj&r . lT§plkargar vNÑkmµrbs´RB¼BuT§eXas£ GñksikßaPasaálI

TUeTAánsresIr nigrabGanelakfa CaburaNacarüd¾sMxan´éRkElgrbs´ elakeyIgen¼ .

3

-17-

raynamelakGñkman]bkar³ 3

elakRKÚGKÁbNÐitFmµacarü b‘ut savgS elakRKÚFmµbNÐit rs; supat

elakRKÚviniyacarü KaM GuIv ])sk k¥at h‘n ])sk nak; em:A

])sk TMu TYn ])sk huk swghYt ])sk Cwm CMnit ])sk ekIt Titü ])sk sn m:arDI ])sk hay cMerIn ])sk Gwum ér:y:a ])sk suRk h‘t ])sk esam rtn³ ])sk sM qay ])sk em:A pun ])sk Ca suI)n ])sika fab; elOm ])sika hay sar:at; ])sika b‘ut sum:alI ])sika ys sm,tþi ])sika BU h‘ag ])sika b‘ut esdadYg ])sika Eb:n rmNI

RBmTaMgBuT§bris½Tkñúg nigeRkARbeTs

3

-18-

raynamGñkERbsRmÜl

3

RBHsgÇGaRsmRBHKn§kudi RBHPikçúGKÁTienña nUv bUr:a RbFanGaRsm RBHPikçúcitþrkçieta sM sm,tþi Fmµacarü RBHPikçúFmµb,eBaØa qMu saevOn Fmµacarü RBHPikçúvrFemµa put etA Fmµacarü RBHPikçúetCFera qav qan Fmµacarü Epñk])sk

])sk hay cMerIn ])sk Cwm CMnit

3

-19-

btþiTankfa 3

kareroberog ERbsRmÜlGdækfaRBHéRtbidkCaexmrPasa edIm,I bUCacMeBaHRBHrtnéRt mü:ageTotedIm,Itmál;TukCasm,tþivb,Fm’Cati nigCacMENkcUlrYmkñúgkartaMgenAénRBHsT§mµKRmb; 5>000 RBHvsSa .

eyIgCaRkúmERbsRmÜlGdækfa sUmelIknUvbuNükuslEdlekIt eLIgGMBIkargarenH H-

]TÞisfVay nigeKarBCUn ³ -RBHmhavrkSRtiy_ nigmhavrkSRtiyanI -RBHmhakSRtiy_énRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa -semþcRBHsgÇraCTaMgBIrKN³ -matabitaéneyIgxJúMTaMgGs;Kña -elakRKÚGKÁbNÐitFmµcarü b‘ut savgS -elakRKÚFmµbNÐit rs; supat -sBVmuxm®nþIraCkar nigRbCanura®sþénkm<úCrdæ -sBVstVTaMgGs;kñúgRt½yPB sUmelakeRtkGr GnuemaTnanUvcMENkbuNüenH

sUmGnuemaTna ¡>>>>> Rkúmeroberog nigERbsRmÜl

-20-

matikaFm’ 3

eQµaHerOg TMB½r ]rKvKÁTI 1

1- erOgextþ ÚbmaeRbt 1 2- erOgsUkreRbt 21 3- erOgbUtimuxeRbt 27 4- erOgbidæFItlikeRbt 37 5- erOgtierakuDÐeRbt 45 6- erOgbBa©butþxaTikeRbt 77 7- erOgstþbutþxaTikeRbt 88 8- erOgeKaNeRbt 93 9- erOgmhaebskareRbt 103 10- erOgxlateRbt 112 11- erOgnaKeRbt 129 12- erOg]rKeRbt 147

]BVr IvKÁTI 2 1- erOgsMsaremackeRbt 161 2- erOgeRbtCamataénRBHsarIbutþ 188 3- erOgnagmtþaeRbt 199 4- erOgnnÞaeRbt 220 5- erOgmdækuNÐlIeRbt 227 6- erOgkNðeRbt 229

-21-

7- erOgFn)aleRbt 247 8- erOgcULesdæÍeRbt 261 9- erOgGgá úreRbt 276 10- erOgnag]tþrmatueRbt 345 11- erOgsutþeRbt 354 12- erOgkNÑmuNÐeRbt 368 13- erOg]BVr IeRbt 389

3

-1- brmtßTIbnI GdækfaxuTÞknikay ebtvtßú KafaedIm

brmtæTIbnI

GdðkzaxuTÞknikay ebtvtæú

kzaepþImbkrN¾ ´sUmnmsáarRBHelaknaf RTg;RbkbedayRBH

mhakruNaKuN RTg;dl;eRtIyénsaKr KW ejyüFm’

RTg;maneTsnan½yd¾l¥itl¥n;RCaleRCA nigviciRt .

´sUmnmsáarRBHFm’ d¾x<g;x<s;enaH EdlRBH

smµasm<úT§RTg;bUCaehIy CaeRKÓgnaMstVEdlbribUN’

edayviC¢a nigcrN³[ecjcakelak .

´sUmnmsáarRBHGriysgÇ GñkbribUN’eday

KuNmansIlCaedIm GñktaMgenAkñúgmKÁ nigpl Gñk

CabuBaØextþd¾kMBUl .

edayetCHénbuNü EdlekItGMBIkarnmsáar

RBHrtnRt½y dUceBalmkenH ´ cUrCaGñkmanGnþray


EdlGnøg;buNüenaHkm©at;ehIykñúgTIRKb;kEnøg . k¾

eTsnaNa rbs;RBHBuT§Ta MgLay Rbkasdl;kmµ

EdleRbtTaMgLayeFVIT ukkñúgCatimun EdlCaehtunaM

mknUvPaBCaeRbt edayesckþIepSgKñaénplkmµrbs;

eRbtTaMgenaH EdlnaMesckþIsegVK[ekItCaBiess

eFVIkmµ nigplrbs;kmµ[RbckS . eTsnaenaHman

erOgEdleKdwgehIy edayeQµaHfa ebtvtß ú Edl

elakGñkEsVgrkKuNd¾FM )ansgÁaynaTukehIykñúg

xuTÞknikay . ´nwgkan;ykn½yénGdækfacas;rbs;

ebtvtßúenaHmkbgðajehtukñúgerOgenaH² [Cak;c,as;

edayBiess . nwgeFVIGtßsMvNÑnad¾s¥atbrisuT§l¥

manGtß nigvinicä ½yy:agl¥it minCMTas;CamYylT§i

rbs;RBHmhaefr³ GñkenAkñ úgmhavihar tamkMlaMg

sUmsaFuCnTaMgLay cUrtaMgcitþsþab;GtßsMvNÑna

enaHrbs;´ GñkeBalehIyedayeKarBcuH .


bNþaBaküTaMgenaH Baküfa ebtvtßú ¬ebtvtß ú¦ )andl; kmµ

EdlCaehtu[stVenaH² manbutþrbs;esdæICaedIm ekItCaeRbt .

k¾RBHbriytþiFm’EdlRbRBwtþeTA Rbkasdl;kmµenaH manCaedImfa

{RBHGrhnþTaMgLayeRbóbdUcCaERs} elakbMNgykebtvtß úkñ úgTI

enH .

sYrfa {ebtvtß úenaH nrNaeBal eBalkñúgTINa eBalkñúg

kalNa nigeRBaHehtuGVIeTIbeBal?} ´nwgeqø Iy . BitehIy eb-

tvtßúenH ekIteLIgedayehtu 2 Rbkar KW edayehtuekIteLIgén

erOg 1 / edayGMNacénBaküsYr 1 . kñúg 2 RbkarenaH Edl

ekItedayGtßúb,tþiehtu RBHmanRBHPaKRtas; eRkAGMBIenaH RBHnarT³

CaedIm CaGñksYr BYkeRbtenaH² CaGñkeqø Iy . k¾eRBaHehtuEdl

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sasþaeTIbRTg;eFVIerOgenaH² [CaGtßúb,tþ iehtu ehIysMEdgFm’dl;

bris½TGñkdl;RBmehIy dUecñaH ebtvtßúTaMgGs;enaH eTIbeQµaHfa

RBHsasþaRtas;ehIyenaHÉg . BitehIy kalRBHsasþaRbkas


Fmµckád¾bvr Rbfab;enAkñ úgTIenaH² manRkúgraCRKwHCaedIm ebtvtß ú

enaH² eTIbeLIgkan;RBHeTsna edayeFVIkmµ nigplrbs;kmµénstV

TaMgLay[RbckS edaybucäavisC¢na Gtßúb,tþ iehtuenaH² eday

eRcIn dUecñaH kñ úgTIenH eTsnaenH eTIbCakareqø IytbedayminTUeTA

énbTTaMgLayfa nrNaeBal dUecñHCaedIm CalMdab;dMbUg . Et

kaleBaledayminTUeTA RBHeTsnaenH nwgmkedayGtßvNÑnaén

erOgenaH² Ég .

k¾ebtvtß úenaH rab;bBa© Úlkñúgsutþnþbidk kñúgbNþabidkTaMg

3 KW vinybidk sutþnþbidk nigGPiFmµbidk rab;cUlkñúgxuTÞknikay

kñúgbNþanikay 5 KW TIXnikay mCÄimnikay sMyutþnikay GgÁú-

tþrnikay nigxuTÞknikay se®gÁaHcUlkñúgKafa kñúgbNþasasnaman

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bNþaRBHFmµkçn§ 84>000 RBHFmµkçn§ EdlRBHGannÞCaFmµPNÐa-

Karik )anebþCJaTuky:agenHfa


Fm’TaMgLayEdlRbRBwtþeTATaMgenH man 84>000

RBHFmµkçn§ ´eronGMBIRBHBuT§ 82>000 RBHFmµkçn§

eronGMBIPikç ú 2>000 RBHFmµkçn§ .

eBaledayPaNvar³ manRtwmEt 4 PaNvar³ eBaleday

vKÁ se®gÁaHCa 4 vKÁ KW ]rKvKÁ ]BVr ivKÁ cULvKÁ nigmhavKÁ .

kñúg 4 vKÁenaH vKÁdMbUgman 12 erOg/ vKÁTI 2 man 13 erOg/

vKÁTI 3 man 10 erOg/ vKÁTI 4 man16 erOg rYmesckþIfa ebI

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]rKvKÁ CavKÁedIm kñ úgbNþaerOg manerOgextþ ÚbmaeRbtCaerOgedIm

KafaénerOgedImenaH manBaküfa RBHGrhnþTaMgLayeRbóbdUcCa

ERs CaedIm CaKafadMbUg .

3

-6- brmtßTIbnI Gdækfa xuTÞknikay ebtvtßú

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Gdðkza extþÚbmaebtvtæúTI 1

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[1] RBHmanRBHPaK kalRTg;Rbfab;enAkñúgRBHevLúv½n Ca

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Rtas;sEmþgerOgenaHdUcteTAenH .

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manRTBüeRcIn manePaK³eRcIn maneRKÓg]bkrN_énRTBüCaTIrIkray

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fa {kalbuRtrbs;eyIgcayRTBü[Gs;eTAmYyéf¶ 1>000 ral;²

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buRtenH cUrmankarminlM)akkay nigcitþ briePaKePaKsm,tþitam

-7- Gdækfa ]rKvKÁ erOgextþÚbmaeRbt TI 1

sb,aycuH} dUecñHehIy eTIbmin[buRtenaHsikSasil,³ . k¾kal

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minekItsUm,IkarKitKitdl;Fm’ minmankareGIeBIkñúgBYksmNRBahµN_

nigGñkEdlKYreKarB ecameramedayBYkGñkelg eBjcitþ eRtkGr

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TaMgBYg dl;nUvesckþIv inasy:agFMedaylMdab;} .

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fa {nagsulsa nageTANa)at;dl;éf¶enH matarbs;nag kalmin

eXIjnag k¾)anyMesakdUcCamnusSqáÜt} . nagk¾)anR)ab;erOgenaH

dl;mhaCn . kalmhaCnsYrfa {ehtuGVI bursenaHeFVIesckþIxVl;

xVayEtkñúg)ab min)aneFV IkuslTukeLIy nwgekItCaeTvta)anb¤} .

nagsulsaeBalfa {eK)anRbeKnnMGnSm nigTwkpwkEdl´[ dl;

RBHmhaemaKÁløan eRBaHbuNüenaH eTIb)anekItCaeTvbuRt} . mha

Cn)ansþab;dUecñaHehIy eTIbekItesckþIGs©arükñ úgcitþEdlminFøab;

manGMBImun eTIb)anKitfa {eK)aneFVIbuBaØkmµsUm,Itic kñ úgRBHGrhnþ

TaMgLay EdleQµaHfa CabuBaØekçtþd¾RbesIrrbs;mnusSelak eTIb

naMstVeTAekItCaeTvbuRt} dUecñHehIy k¾ekItnUvbIti nigesamnsS

d¾»Lar . PikçúTaMgLayRkabTUlesckþIenaHcMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaK .

lMdab;enaH eRBaHGtßúb,tþiehtuenH RBHmanRBHPaKeTIbRTg;)anPasit

RBHKafaTaMgenHfa

RBHGrhnþTaMgLayeRbóbdUcCaERs Tayk


TaMgLay eRbóbdUcGñkERs eTyüFm’eRbóbdUcCa

BUC plTanrEmgekItGMBIkarbric©aKeTyüFm’ rbs;

TaykGñk[dl;bdiKÁahk³GñkTTYlenaH BUC ERs

nigkarsabeRBaHBUCenaH rEmg[ekItpldl;BYkeRbt

nigTayk eRbtTaMgLayrEmgbriePaKplenaH Tayk

rEmgceRmInedaybuNü TaykeFV Ik uslkñúgGtþPaB

enHenaHÉg nigbUCaeRbtTaMgLay luHeFVIkmµl¥ehIy

rEmgeTAkan;sYK’ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa extþÚbma ¬eRbóbdUcCaERs¦ )andl;

eQµaHfa ERs eRBaHCaTIkarBar KW rkSanUvBUCEdl)aceTA KW Edl

sabeRBaH edayeFV IPav³[ekItpleRcIn . )andl; CaTIduHeLIgén

BUCmanRsÚvsalICaedÍm . RBHGrhnþTaMgLay eQµaHfa extþÚbma

eRBaHmanERsCa]bma . GFi,ayfa {dUcCadIERs} . bTfa Grh-

enþa ¬RBHGrhnþTaMgLay¦ )andl; elakGñkGs;Gasv³TaMgLay .

BitehIy elakGñkGs;Gasv³TaMgLayenaH elakehAfa {RBHGrhnþ}


eRBaHkMcat;nUvkaMénkielsCaedÍm nigkaMénsgSarcRk eRBaHCaGñk

q¶aycakkielsCaedÍmenaHÉg eRBaHCaGñkKYrdl;eTyüFm’manbc©½y

CaedÍm nigeRBaHminmanTIBYnkñúgkareFV I)ab .

BitehIy kñúgesckþIenaH snþanrbs;RBHxINaRsB evorcak

eTasmanelaP³CaedÍm Rbkbedaybc©½ydéTmankalCaedÍm kñúgkal

eKsabeRBaHBUC KW eTyüFm’Edl)anerobcMTukl¥ehIy rEmg

manpleRcIndl;Tayk eRbóbdUcERsR)ascakeTas manesµACaedIm

Rbkbedaybc©½ydéT manrdUv nigTwkCaedÍm kñ úgkalsabeRBaHBUC

EdleKcat;EcgTukl¥ rEmgmanpleRcIndl;GñkERs dUecñaH eRBaH

ehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaKeTIbRtas;fa RBHGrhnþTaMgLayeRbóbdUc

CaERs dUecñHCaedIm . enHCanieTÞsy:ag]Rkidæ eRBaHminbdiesFfa

sUm,IEtRBHGriybuKÁl manRBHeskç³CaedÍmfa Caextþrbs;TaykenaH .

bTfa Tayka ¬TaykTaMgLay¦ )andl; Gñk[ KW Gñkbri-

c©aKbc©½ymancIvrCaedÍm . GFib,ayfa {CaGñklHbg; KW Gñkkat;

kielsmanelaP³CaedÍm kñ úgsnþanrbs;xø Ün edaykarbric©aKbc©½y

-16- brmtßTIbnI Gdækfa xuT Þknikay ebtvtßú

mancIvrCaedÍmenaH mü:ageTot GñkCRmH nigGñkrkSasnþanrbs;xø Ün

cakkielsmankarelaPCaedÍmenaH} . bTfa ksSkUbma ¬eRbób

dUcGñkERs¦ )andl; dUcCaGñkERs . GñkERsP¢Ürras;ERsRsÚvsalI

CaedÍm kalminRbmaT edaykic©mankarsabeRBaH karbBa©ÚlTwk kar

beBa©jTwk kardksÞÚg nigkarrkSaCaedÍm tamsmKYrdl;eBlevla

rEmg)anTTYlplénRsÚvd¾»Lar nigeRcIn y:agNa sUm,ITaykk¾

dUecñaH kalminRbmaT edaykarbric©aKeTyüFm’ nigkarRbNib½tn_

kñúgRBHGrhnþTaMgLay rEmg)anTTYlplénTand¾»Lar nigbribUN’

eRBaHehtuenaH elakeTIbeBalfa {TaykTaMgLayeRbóbdUcGñkERs}

dUecñHCaedÍm .

bTfa BICUbmM eTyüFmµM ¬eTyüFm’eRbóbdUcCaBUC¦ elak

eBaledayligÁvibløas . GFib,ayfa {eTyüFm’dUcCaBUC} .

BitehIy Baküfa eTyüFm’ enH CaeQµaHénvtß úEdlnwgKb,I[ 10

y:ag man)ay nigTwkCaedÍm . bTfa Éetþa niBVtþet plM ¬pl

TanrEmgekItGMBIkarbric©aKeTyüFm’¦ esckþIfa plénTanrEmgekIt


nigekIteLIgGMBIkarbric©aKnUveTyüFm’rbs;Tayk dl;bdiKÁahk³enaH

nigrEmgRbRBwtþeTAedayGMNackarCab;tKñaGs;kalyUr .

kñúgTIenH eRBaHehtuénvtßúman)ay nigTwkCaedÍm Edltak;Etg

edayectnaCaeRKÓgbric©aK minEmnPav³énvtß úeRkABIenH eRBaHdUecñaH

elakeTIbcat;eTyüFm’edaysBÞfa eTyüFm’eRbóbdUcCaBUC dUecñH .

eRBaHehtuenaH Kb,IeXIjectnaCaeRKÓgbric©aK EdlmaneTyüFm’

vtßúCaGarmµNenaHÉgfa CaBUC edayGagdl;eTyüFm’ . BitehIy

ectnaCaeRKÓgbric©aKenaH [seRmcpl epSgedaybdisn§iCaedIm

nigepSgedayGarmµNEdlCanisSyb,c©½y énbdisn§iCaedÍmenaH min

EmneTyüFm’eT .

bTfa ÉtM BIC¿ ksI extþ M ¬BUC nigkarsabeRBaHBUC¦ )an

dl; BUCtamEdleBalehIy nigERstamEdleBalehIy . GFi-

b,ayfa {ksi eBalKW RbeyaKkñúgkarsabeRBaHBUCenaH kñúgERs

enaH} . 3 ya:genaH sMxan; karcaMR)afña eRBaHdUecñaH elakeTIb

eBalfa dl;eRbtTaMgLay nigTayk CaedIm . ebITayk[Tan


]TÞis[eRbtTaMgLay . rEmg[ekItpldl;BYkeRbt nigTayk .

ebImin[Tan]TÞis[eRbt rEmgminekItpl . GFib,ayfa {BUCenaH

karsabeRBaHenaH nigERsenaH rEmgmanedIm,Ikar]bkar³dl;Tayk

b:ueNÑaH} . \LÚvenH edÍm,IsEmþgdl;]bkar³enaH elakeTIbeBal

fa BYkeRbtrEmgbriePaKplenaH Gñk[rEmgceRmInbuNü dUecñH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa tM ebta briPuBa¢nþ i ¬eRbtTaMgLay

rEmgbriePaKplenaH¦ esckþIfa kalebITaykfVayTan]TÞ isBYk

eRbt kalERs karsabeRBaH nigBUCdUcEdleBalehIybribUN’

nigmankarGnuemaTna BYkeRbtrEmgbriePaKplTanEdlseRmcdl;

eRbt . bTfa Tata bueBaØn vDÆti ¬TaykrEmgceRmInedaybuNü¦

esckþIfa cMENkGñk[ rEmgceRmInedayplénbuNümanePaKsm,tþi

CaedÍm kñúgeTvta nigmnusS EdlmanbuNüEdlseRmcGMBITanrbs;

xøÜnCanimitþ . BitehIy sUm,IplénbuNü elakk¾ehAfa {buNü}

kñúgRbeyaKmanCaedÍmfa {mñalPikçúTaMgLay buNüenH rEmgceRmIn

y:agenH eRBaHehtuénkarsmaTankuslFm’} .


bTfa \eFv kuslM ktVa ¬eFVIkusl[GtþPaBenHÉg¦ esckþI

fa snSMbuNüEdlseRmcedayTan edayGMNackar]TÞisdl;BYk

eRbt eQµaHfa kusl eRBaHGtßfa minmaneTas nigmansuxCapl

kñúgGtþPaBenHÉg . bTfa ebet c bdibUCiy ¬bUCaeRbtTaMgLay¦

esckþIfa TTYledayTan]TÞiseRbt [eRbtTaMgenaHputcakTukçEdl

kMBugesay . BitehIy TanEdl[]TÞisdl;eRbt eQµaHfa bUCa

eRbtTaMgenaH . eRBaHehtuenaH elakeTIbeBalfa {k¾karbUCa Edl

BYkBaJatieFV IehIydl;BYkeyIg} nigfa {karbUCad¾FM EdlBYkBaJatieFVI

ehIydl;BYkeRbt} . eRBaH c sBÞ kñúgBaküfa ebet c enH

cat;cUlkñúgGanisgSénTanEdlCabc©úb,nñ manCaGaTiy:agenHfa {Gñk

[rEmgCaTIRsLaj; CaTIeBjcitþ CaTIdl; ¬Bwg¦ CaTITukcitþ CaGñk

KYrsresIr CaGñkKYreKarB CaGñkEdlviBaØ ÚCnKYrsresIr nigCaGñk

EdlviBaØ ÚCnKb,Inwkdl; . bTfa sKÁBa© kmti zanM kmµM ktVan

PTÞkM ¬luHeFVIkmµl¥ehIy rEmgeTAsYK’¦ esckþIfa eFV IklüaNkmµ

KW kuslkmµ rEmgQandl; KW cUldl; edayGMNackarcUldl;


eTvelak EdlCaTIekItrbs;BYkGñk)aneFV IbuNüTuk Edl)aneQµaH

fa sYK’ eRBaHmanGarmµN_l¥ edayzan³ 10 Rbkar manGayuTiBV

CaedÍm .

kñúgbTTaMgenH elakeBalfa {eFVIkuslehIy} eBaldEdl

eTotfa {luHeFV Ikmµl¥} Kb,IeXIjfa {edIm,InwgsMEdgfa sUm,Ikar

bric©aKFm’CaTanedaykar[cMENkbuNü dUckarbric©aKeTyüFm’ cat;

CakuslkmµEdlseRmcedayTandUcKña} . kñúgTIenH GacarüBYkxøH

eBalfa {RBHGrhnþ elakbMNgfa {eRbt} BaküenaHRtwmEtmti

rbs;ekciGacarüTaMgenaHb:ueNÑaH eRBaHEdlmkfa RBHxINaRsBenaH

CaeRbtminmanLIy eRBaHRBHxINaRsBTaMgenaH minRbkbPav³man

BUCCaedÍm dUcTayk nigeRBaHGñkekItkñ úgkMeNIteRbtmanPav³ man

BUCCaedÍmRbkbTuk .

kñúgevlacb;RBHeTsna stV 84>000 rab;GMBIeTvbuRt nig

nagsulsa )anseRmcFm’ehIy .

cb;Gdækfa extþÚbmaebtvtßúTI 1 3

-21- Gdækfa ]rKvKÁ erOgsUkreRbt TI 2

Gdðkza sUkrebtvtæúTI 2

{ kays¥atmat;s¥úy}

[2] kalRBHsasþaRTg;GaRs½yenARkúgraCRKwH Rbfab;enAkñúg

RBHevLúv½n klnÞknivabsßan RTg;R)arB§eRbtEdlmanmat;dUcRCÚkmñak;

eTIbRtas;Baküepþ Imfa kaeya et sBVesa veNÑa ¬kayrbs;Gñk

RKb;sBVmanBN’dUcmas¦ dUecñH .

)anB¤fa kñ úgGtItkal kñúgsasnarbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;

RBHnamfa ksSb³ manPikúçmYyrUbCaGñksRgÜmkayEtminsRgÜmvaca

)aneCrRbeTcPikç úTaMgLay elakmrNPaBehIy k¾eTAekItkñ úgnrk

eqHkñúgnrkenaHGs;mYyBuT§nþr cuticaknrkenaHehIy kñúgBuT§úb,aTkal

enH ekItCaeRbt RtÚvesckþIeRskXøanRKbsgát; edayessénvi)ak

rbs;kmµenaHÉg GaRs½yenAnwgeCIgPñMKiCÄkUd CitRkúgraCRKwH . rag

kayrbs;eRbtenaHmanBN’dUcmas . b:uEnþmuxrbs;eRbtenaH dUc

muxRCÚk . lMdab;enaH RBHnarT³GaRs½yenAPñMKiCÄkUd CRmHragkay

GMBIRBwk Rbdab;)aRt nigcIvr eTAbiNÐ)atkñúgraCRKwH CYbeRbtenaHRtg;


cenøaHpøÚv kalnwgsYrdl;kmµEdleRbtenaHeFV I eTIbeBalKafafa

kayrbs;GñkRKb;y:ag manBN’dUcmas rsµIkay

rbs;GñkPøWsVagsBVTis Etmuxrbs;GñkdUcCamuxRCÚk

kalmun Gñk)aneFV IkmµGV IT uk .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa kaeya et sBVesa veNÑa ¬kay

rbs;GñkRKb;y:agmanBN’dUcmas¦ esckþIfa kay KW ragkayrbs;

Gñk RKb;y:agmanBN’dUcCamas KW Rsedogmasq¥ineq¥A . bTfa

sBVa »Paset Tisa ¬PøWsVagsBVTis¦ esckIþfa rsµIkayrbs;eK

PøWrugerOgedayCuMvijTUTaMgTis . mü:ageTot Baküfa »Paset enH

manehtuCaeRKÓgQancuHkñ úgxagkñ úgCaGtß . k¾Kb,IeXIjesckþIfa

{kayrbs;GñkmanBN’dUcmas sVagésV PøWr ugerOgTUeTAsBVTis} .

bTfa muxM et sUkresSv ¬muxrbs;GñkdUcCamuxRCÚk¦ )andl; k¾

muxrbs;GñkdUcRCÚk . GFib,ayfa {muxrbs;GñkdUcCamuxRCÚk} .

bTfa kw kmµmkrI buer ¬kalmun GñkeFVIkmµGVITuk¦ esckþIfa RBHnarT³

sYrfa {kalmun KW kñ úgGtItCati Gñk)aneFV IkmµGV ITuk?} .


eRbtenaH RtÚvRBHefr³sYrdl;kmµEdlxøÜn)aneFVIy:agenHehIy

kalnwgtbedayKafa eTIbeBalfa

bBiRtRBHnarT³ kalmun ´)ansRgÜmpøÚvkay Et

minsRgÜmpø Úvvaca eRBaHehtuenaH rsµIkayrbs;´

eTIbmansPaBdUcEdlelakeXIjehIy .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa kaeyn sBaØeta Gasw ¬sRgÜmkay¦

esckþIfa ´sRgÜm edaykarsRgÜmpøÚvkay KW )anCaGñksRgÜmeday

l¥ edaykarsRgÜmpøÚvkayTVar . bTfa vacayasimsBaØeta¬1¦

¬min)ansRgÜmvaca¦ esckþIfa Et´min)ansRgÜmpø Úvvaca KW )anCa

GñkRbkbedaykarminsRgÜmpøÚvvaca . bTfa etn ¬eRBaHehtuenaH¦

)andl; eRBaHkarsRgÜm nigkarminsRgÜm TaMgBIry:agenaH . bTfa

em ERbfa rbs;´ . bTfa taTiesa veNÑa ¬rsµIkayeTIbdUecñaH¦

)andl; rsµIkayrbs;´ eTIbCadUecñH KW dUcEdlelakeXIjRbckS

ehIyenaHÉg RBHnarT³ . manvacaRbkbfa {´ mankay manRTg;

1¦ bidkCa = vacayasw GsBaØeta .


RTaydUcmnusS mansm,úrdUcmas EtmanmuxdUcmuxRCÚk} . k¾ vNÑ

sBÞ kñúgKafaenH Kb,IeXIjfa eRbIkñ úgGtßfa BN’sm,úr nigRTg;

RTay .

eRbtRtÚvRBHefr³sYry:agenHehIy kaledaHRsayBaküsYr

enaHehIy kalnwgeFVIesckþIenaHÉg[Caehtudas;etOnRBHefr³ eTIb

eBallKafafa

bBiRtRBHnarT³ eRBaHehtuenaH ´sUmeBalnwgelak

srIs³rbs;´ elakeXIjÉgehIy sUmelakkMu)an

eFVI)abedaymat; kMu[muxRCÚkekItmandl;elakeLIy .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa tM EkCa tsµa ERbfa eRBaHehtu

enaH . bTfa tüahM kat;bTCa et GhM . eRbtehARBHefr³eday

Baküfa bBiRtRBHnarT³ . bTfa RBÚmi )andl; ´nwgR)ab; . bT

fa samM ¬xø ÜnÉg¦ )andl; cMeBaHedayxøÜnÉg . edaybTfa \TM

eRbteBalsMedAdl;ragkayrbs;xøÜn . k¾kñúgBaküenH manGFib,ay

dUecñH {bBiRtRBHnarT³d¾ceRmIn eRBaHehtuEdlkayrbs;´enH taMg


GMBI>kcuHeTAdl;kayxageRkam manRTg;RTaydUcmnusS ÉcMENk

kMNat;xagelI mansNæandUcRCÚk dUcEdlelak)aneXIjRbckS

ehIyenaHÉg eRBaHdUecñaH ´nwgsUmeBaldas;etOnelak} . edIm,I

nwgecosvagBaküsYrfa {GñkeBaly:agNa?} eRbteTIbeBalfa {sUm

elakkMu)aneFVI)abedaymat; kMu[muxRCÚkekItmandl;elakeLIy} .

bNþabTTaMgenaH sBÞfa ma Cani)ateRbIkñúgGtßbdíesF .

bTfa muxsa ERbfa edaymat; . sBÞfa exa eRbIkñúgGvFarN³

¬hamesckþIdéT¦ . GFib,ayfa {elakkMu)aneFVI KW cUrkM ueFV Ikmµ

GaRkk;tampø ÚvvacaeLIy} . edaybTfa ma exa sUkrmuexa Ghu

¬ku M[muxRCÚkekItmandl;elakeLIy¦ enH eRbtbdiesFcMeBaHehtu

sUm,IbMNgdl;karbdiesFplfa {muxRCÚkdUceyIg kMubImaneLIy k¾

RbsinebIelakCamnusSmat;GaRkk; Kb,IeFV IesckþIGaRkk;edaymat;

esat elakk¾nwgKb,ICaGñkmanmuxdUcCaRCÚkedaycMENkmYy eRBaH

dUecñaH elakkMueFVIesckþIGaRkk;edaymat;eLIy .

lMdab;enaH RBHnarT³Rtac;biNÐ)atkñúgRkúgraCRKwH RtLb;GMBI


biNÐ)atvijxageRkayPtþ k¾RkabTUlerOgenaHcMeBaHRBHsasþaEdl

Rbfab;Kg;enAkNþalénbris½TTaMg 4 . RBHsasþaRtas;fa {narT³

kalGMBImun tfaKtFøab;)aneXIjstVenaHehIy} kalnwgRTg;Rbkas

eTasd¾efakTabedayGakarCaGenk EdlGaRs½yvcITuc©rit nigGani-

sgSénvcIsucrit eTIbRTg;sEmþgFm’ . RBHFm’eTsnaenaH k¾)anCa

RbeyaCn_dl;bris½TGñkdl;RBmehIy .

cb;Gdækfa sUkrebtvtßúTI 2

3

-27- Gdækfa ]rKvKÁ erOgbUtimuxeRbt TI 3

Gdðkza bUtimuxebtvtæúTI 3

{ sRgÜmkayEtminsRgÜmvaca}

[3] kalRBHsasþaRbfab;enAevLúv½nklnÞknivabsßan RBHGgÁ

RTg;R)arB§eRbtEdlmanmat;s¥úymYy eTIbRtas;BaküepþÍmfa TiBVM suPM

Faersi vNÑFatMu dUecñH .

)anB¤fa kñúgGtItkal kñúgkalénRBHmanRBHPaKRTg;RBHnam

fa ksSb³ mankulbuRt 2 nak; bYskñúgRBHsasnaénRBHmanRBHPaK

GgÁenaH CaGñkbribUN’edaysIl nigGacar³ mankarRbRBwtþdusxat;

kielsy:aghµt;ct; enAedaykarRBmeRBógKña kñ úgGavasCitRsúk

mYy . lMdab;enaH Pikç úmYyrUb manGFüaRs½yGaRkk; eBjcitþjúH

jg; cUleTAkan;TIenArbs;Pikçú 2 rUbenaH . RBHefr³eFVIbdisNæar³

nwgelak [TIsñak;GaRs½y kñúgéf¶TI 2 eTIbnaMelakcUleTAkan;Rsúk

edIm,IbiNÐ)at . BYkmnusSeXIjelakTaMgenaHehIy eFVIesckþIeKarB

y:agéRkElgkñúgRBHefr³TaMgenaH )anTTYledayGaharmanyaKU nig

PtþCaedÍm . elakcUleTAkan;vihar Kitfa eKacrRKamenH l¥hñ+

-28- brmtßTIbnI Gdækfa xuTÞkn ikay ebtvtßú

ÉBYkmnusSk¾mansT§aRCHføa fVaybiNÐ)atd¾RbNIt . k¾viharenH

k¾sm,Úredaymøb;eQI nigTwk eyIgGacnwgrs;enAkñ úgTIenH)any:ag

sb,ay . b:uEnþkalebIPikç úTaMgenHenAkñ úgTIenH eyIgk¾nwgrs;enAmin

sb,ay . nwgenAdUcCaGenþvasik . ebIdUecñH eyIgnwgeFV Ieday

RbkarEdlPikç úTaMgenHEbkGMBIKñaehIy Elg)anenAkñ úgTIenHteTA .

eRkaymkéf¶mYy kalRBHmhaefr³[»vaTdl;PikçúTaMg 2 rUb

rYcehIy cUleTAkan;TIsñak;rbs;xø Ün PikçúGñkeBjcitþs‘kesót k¾

bg¥g;mYyRsbk; eTIbcUleTArkRBHmhaefr³ fVaybgÁMehIy nigkal

RBHefr³sYrfa {ehtuGVI elakmkxuskal?} eTIbtbfa {kruNaelak

m©as; ´manerOgxøHEdlnwgR)ab;[RCab} . RBHefr³eTIbGnuBaØatfa

{eBalmkcuH} eTIbR)ab;fa {elakm©as; RBHefr³GñkCashayrbs;

elakm©as;enaH enAcMeBaHmuxelakm©as; sEmþgxøÜndUcCamitþ evla

enABIeRkayxñgeBalbgáac;dUcCasRtÚv} . RtÚvRBHefr³sYrfa {elak

niyayGVI?} eTIbR)ab;fa {sþab;dUecñH RBHmhaefr³rUbenaHeBaleTas

elakm©as;fa CaGñkGYtGag manmaya e)akbeBaäat ciBa©wmCIviteday


micäaCIB} RBHefr³tbfa {kuMeBaly:agenaHGavuesa PikçúrUbenaHnwgmin

eBaleyIgdUecñaHeLIy taMgBIenACaRKhsßmk elakdwgsPaBrbs;

eyIgfa CaGñkmansIlCaTIRsLaj; manklüaNFm’} . Pikç úenaH

eBalfa {elakm©as; ebIelakm©as;KitdUecñaH eRBaHehtuEtxø Ünman

citþbrisuT§ RbkarenaHsmKYrdl;elakm©as;ehIy b:uEnþ´k¾\tmaneBór

GVIn wgRBHmhaefr³enaHeT ehtuGV I´eTIbeBalBaküEdlRBHmhaefr³

mineBal fa {eBal} eNðIycuH elakm©as;nwgdwgxøÜnÉg kñúgevla

teTA} . cMENkRBHmhaefr³ ekItmnÞ ilsgS½ykñúgcitþ eRBaHxøÜnCa

bufuC¢n ekItmancitþregáósfa {TMngCadUecñaH} eTIbElgmanTMnukcitþ .

PikçúenaH CabuKÁlBal mundMbUgjúHjg;RBHmhaefr³ehIy eTAjúHjg;

RBHefr³mYyrUbeTot edayn½ydUceBalehIyenaHÉg . lMdab;enaH

RBHefr³TaMgBIrenaH kñúgéf¶TI 2 min)aneBalrkKña Rbdab;)aRt nig

cIvr cUleTAbiNÐ)atkñúgRsúk kan;biNÐ)atmkqan;kñúgTIenArbs;xø Ün

enaHÉg sUm,IsamIcikmµk¾mineFVIkñúgéf¶enaH enAkñúgTIenaH² Ég luHRBwk

eLIg min)anR)ab;dl;KñanwgKñaeLIy k¾)anEbkKñaeTAkan;TIEdlCaTI


sb,ay .

Pikç úGñkjúHjg;enaH manmenarfeBjeRbób k¾cUlRsúkedIm,I

biNÐ)at BYkmnusSeXIj naMKñasYrfa {elakm©as; RBHefr³TaMgLay

naMKñaeTANahñ+} . Pikç úenaHR)ab;fa {RBHefr³TaMgBIrrUbenaHeQøaHKña

eBjmYyyb; sUm,IGatµanwgdas;etOnfa ku MeQøaHKñaelakm©as; cUr

samKÁIKñacuH EdleQµaHfa kareQøaHRbEkkKña manEtnwgnaMesckþI

vinasmk[ bgá[ekItesckþITukçkñ úgGnaKt CapøÚvénGkusl sUm,I

mnusSsm½ymun k¾Føab;XøatcakRbeyaCn_FM eRBaHEtkareQøaHRbEkk

Kña dUecñHCaedÍm k¾minsþab;Bakürbs;Gatµa )annaMKñaeKcecjeTA} .

lMdab;enaH BYkmnusSGgVrfa {sUmelakm©as;kuMlM)akcitþ enAkñ úg

TIenHcuH edIm,IGnueRKaHBYk´} . elakTTYlBaküehIy )anenAkñ úg

TIenaHÉg . tmk 2-3 éf¶ eTIbKitfa {eyIgjúHjg;PikçúTaMgLay

GñkmansIl manklüaNFm’ eRBaHR)afñaCaecAGavas eyIgxVl;

xVayEtkmµGaRkk;Tukhñ+} eTIbRtÚvesckþIekþARkhayy:agxøaMgkøacUl

mkRKbsgát; ekItmanCm¶W eRBaHkmøa MgénesckþIesak minyUrb:unµan


k¾mrNPaB ekItkñ úgGvicImhanrk .

cMENkRBHefr³EdlCasmøaj;nwgKña 2 rUbenaH Rtac;carikeTA

kan;CnbT mkCYbKñakñ úgGavasmYy )anR)aRs½ydl;KñanwgKña eTIb

)anR)ab;BaküjúHjg;EdlPikçúenaH)anniyaydl;KñanwgKña dwgfa erOg

enaHminBit eTIb)anRBmeRBógKñadUcedIm ehIyRtLb;mkkan;Gavas

enaHvij edaylMdab; . BYkmnusSeXIjRBHefr³TaMgBIrrUbenaHehIy

naMKñaeRtkGr rIkray TMnukbRmúgedaybc©½y 4 . RBHefr³TaMgBIrrUb

kalenAkñúgTIenaH² Ég mancitþCasmaFi eRBaH)anGaharCaTIsb,ay

ceRmInvibsSna minyUrb: unµank¾seRmcRBHGrhtþ .

PikçúGñkjúHjg; eqHkñúgnrkGs;mYyBuT§nþr kñúgBuT§úb,aTenH ekIt

CaeRbtmat;s¥úy enAminq¶ayGMBIRkúgraCRKwH . kayrbs;eKmanBN’

dUcmas EtmandgáÚvvarecjBImat; naMKñaecaHruksIumat;eRbtenaH .

køinmat;rbs;eRbtenaHs¥úy sayPayeTABaseBjGakastaMgGMBI

cm¶ay .

lMdab;enaH RBHnarT³ xN³EdlcuHBIPñMKiCÄkUd CYbeRbtenaH

-32- brmtßTIbnI Gdækfa x uT Þknikay ebtvtßú

eTIbsYrdl;kmµEdleKeFVITuk edayKafaenHfa

GñkRTRTg;nUvBN’sm,úrl¥CaTiBV QrenAkñ úgGakas

evhas_ Etmat;rbs;Gñkmankøins¥úy BYkdgáÚvnaMKña

CEBa¢gsIuehIy kalmun GñkeFVIkmµGV IT uk .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa TiBVM ¬TiBV¦ )andl; CaTiBV KW Cab;

Tak;TgedayGtþPaBrbs;eTvta . EtkñúgTIenH eQµaHfa TiBV eRBaH

dUcCarbs;TiBV . bTfa suPM )andl; s¥at b¤esckþIs¥at . bT

fa vNÑFatuM )andl; BN’sm,úr . bTfa Faersi ¬RTg;Tuk¦ )an

dl; naMeTA . bTfa evhasyM tidæsi Gnþliekç ¬QrenAkñúg

Gakasevhas_¦ )andl; QrenAkñ úgGakasevhas_ EdleKsÁal;

fa Gakas . EtGacarüBYkxøHeBal)az³fa vihaysM tidæsi Gnþ-

liekç dUecñH ehIyeBaln½yrbs;)az³enaH edayBaküd¾essfa {Gñk

zitenAB§d¾evhas_ eFV IGakas[PøWsVag} . bTfa bUtiKn§ M ¬mankø in

s¥úy¦ )andl; mankøindUcsaksB . GFib,ayfa {mankøins¥úy} .

edaybTfa kw kmµmkasi bueBV ¬kalmun GñkeFVIkmµGVITuk¦ enH RBH


efr³³sYrfa {BYkdgáÚvCEBa¢gsI umat; Edlmankøins¥úyy:agéRkElg

rbs;Gñk . b:uEnþkayrbs;Gñkmansm,úrdUcmas etIkayrbs;Gñk

manBN’dUcmas kalmun GñkeFVIkmµGVI EdlCaehtuénGtþPaBenH?}

eRbtenaH RtÚvRBHefr³sYrdl;kmµEdlxøÜneFVIy:agenH kalnwg

eqø IyesckþIenaH eTIbeBalKafaenHfa

kalmun ´CasmN³lamk manvacaGaRkk;éRkElg

CaGñkR)afñakm©at; minsRgÜmmat; mü:ageTot BN’

sm,úrdUcmas eRBaHRBhµcarüenaH Etmat;rbs;´

mankø ins¥úy eRBaHeBalBaküjúHjg; .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa smeNa GhM )ae)a ¬´CasmN³

lamk¦ )andl; ´)anCasmN³GaRkk; KW CaPikçúGaRkk; . bTfa

GtiTudævaeca ¬manvacaGaRkk;éRkElg¦ esckþIfa CaGñkmanBakü

niyayGaRkk;éRkElg . KWCaGñkeBalknøgGñkdéT . GFib,ayfa

{CaGñkeBalBakükMcat;KuNrbs;GñkdéT} . mü:ageTot )alIfa Gti-

Tukçvaeca k¾man . GFib,ayfa {GñkmanvacaeRKatRKatéRkElg KW


eRtkGrEtkñúgvcITuc©rit mankareBalkuhk nigeBaljúHjg;CaedIm .

bTfa tbsSirUe)a ¬GñkR)afñakm©at;¦ )andl; CasmN³bøm . bTfa

muxsa ERbfa edaymat; . bTfa lT§a )andl; )ancMeBaHehIy .

c GkSr Casm,iNÐntß³ ERbfa mü:ageTot . bTfa em pøas;Ca

mya ERbfa Edl´ . bTfa tbsa )andl; eRBaHRBhµcarü .

bTfa ebsunieyn ¬eRBaHeBalvacajúHjg;¦ )andl; eRBaHbisuN-

vaca . bTfa bUti ¬s¥úy¦ )andl; mankøins¥úy .

eRbtenaH kalR)ab;kmµEdlxøÜn)aneFVITuky:agenaHehIy \LÚv

enH kalnwgdas;etOnRBHefr³ eTIbeBalKafacugeRkayfa

bBiRtRBHnarT³ rUbragrbs;´ elak)aneXIjÉgehIy

GMeBIenaH elakm©as;)aneXIjxøÜnÉg elakGñkQøas

EdlGnueRKaHeBalTukfa elakku MeBalBaküjúHjg;

kuMeBalBakükuhk elaknwg)anCaeTvtaGñksm,Úreday

vtßúEdlKYrR)afña .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa tyiTM )andl; rUbragrbs;´enH .

-3 5- Gdækfa ]rKvKÁ erOgbUtimuxeRbt TI 3

bTfa Gnukm,ka ey kusla veTyüú M ¬GñkQøasEdlGnueRKaH¦

esckþIfa GñkQaøskñúgvtþbdibtþiEdlCaRbeyaCndl;GñkdéT KW Ca

Gñkl¥itl¥n; manRBHBuT§CaedÍm EdlmankarGnueRKaHCaRbRktI KW Ca

GñkRbkbedayRBHkruNa eBalBaküNaTuk . GFib,ayfa {´nwg

eBalBaküenaH² Ég} . \LÚvenH eRbtenaHkalnwgdas;etOn eTIb

eBalfa {elakkuMniyayjúHjg; nigkuMniyaymusa sRgÜmedayvaca

ehIy elaknwg)anCaeTvta Edlsm,ÚredayvtßúCaTIR)afña} dUecñH .

BaküenaH manGFib,aydUecñH elakkuMniyay KW kuMeBalBakü

cak;edat KW júHjg; nigBakükuhk . RbsinebIelaklHmusavaT

nigbisuNvaca)anehIy sRgÜmvaca elaknwgCaGñkEdleKbUCa b¤

CaeTvta b¤CaeTBGgÁNamYy Edl)anTiBVsm,tþid¾»Lar EdlKYr

R)afña KYreBjcitþkñúgTiBVsm,tþ ienaH KW GPirmüehIyedaykarbeRmI

\®nÞ iy tamesckþIsb,ay .

RBHefr³)ansþab;dUecñaHehIy GMBIenaH eTIbeTAkan;RkúgraCRKwH

Rtac;biNÐ)at RtLb;GMBIbiNÐ)atvijxageRkayGahar eTIbRkabTUl

erOgenaHcMeBaHRBHsasþa . RBHsasþaRTg;eFVIerOgenaH[CaGtßúb,tþi-


ehtu ehIysEmþgFm’ . RBHFm’eTsnaenaH )anCaRbeyaCn_dl;

bris½TGñkdl;RBmehIy .

cb;Gdækfa bUtimuxebtvtßúTI 3 3

-37- Gdækfa ]rKvKÁ erOgbidæFItlikeRbt TI 4

Gdðkza bidðZItlikmuxebtvtæúTI 4

{ eBalGMBIbuKÁlminkMNaj;}

[4] RBHsasþa kalRbfab;enAkñúgRBHvihareCtBn RkúgsavtßI

RTg;R)arB§Tanrbs;GnafbiNÐikKhbtI )anRtas;Baküepþ Imfa yM

kiBa©armµNM ktVa ¬buKÁlGñkminkMNaj; KYreFV IehtuNanImYy>>> [

CaGamµN_¦ dUecñH .

)anB¤fa RsIbeRmIrbs;kumarIEdlCaFItarbs;kUnRsIGnafbi-

NÐikKhbtI )an[tukátaemSAedayR)ab;fa {enHkUnRsIrbs;nag nag

cUrbIvaeTAelgcuH} . ekµgRsIenaHekItesckþIRsLaj;kú ñgtukátaemSA

enaHfa CakUnRsI . sm½yéf¶mYy kalnagbItukátaenaHelg tukáta

k¾Føak;Ebk eRBaHkarePøcxøÜn . tBIenaH ekµgRsIeTIbyMERskfa {kUn

RsIeyIgsøab;ehIy} . nagkMBugERskyM mnusSxøHkñúgpÞHk¾minGac

nwgR)ab;[nagyl;)an . k¾sm½yenaH RBHsasþaRbfab;elIGasn³

EdleKRkalehIy kñúgpÞHrbs;GnafbiNÐkKhbtI . TaMgmhaesdæI

k¾)anGgÁúyRtg;TICitRBHmanRBHPaK . ®sþ IbeRmI)annaMekµgRsIenaH

ððð


eTArkesdæI . esdæIeXIjeK eTIbeBalfa {ekµgRsIenHyMerOgGVI} .

®sþIbeRmI)anR)ab;erOgenaHdl;esdæIehIy . esdæI)an[ekµgRsIenaH

GgÁúyelIePøA ehIylYgelamfa {´nwg[Tan]TÞisdl;kUnrbs;nag}

dUecñHehIy eTIbRkabTUlcMeBaHRBHsasþafa {bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn

´RBHGgÁR)afñanwg[Tan]TÞ isdl;tukátaemSA EdlCakUnRsIrbs;ecA

´RBHGgÁ sUmRBHGgÁRBmTaMgPikçú 500 rUb TTYlnimnþrbs;´RBHGgÁ

kñ úgéf¶Es¥kcuH} . RBHmanRBHTTYlnimnþedaytuNðIPaB .

luHkñ úgéf¶TIBIr RBHmanRBHPaKRBmedayPikçú 500 rUb esþc

yageTAkan;pÞHesdæI esayRBHRkyaharehIy kalnwgeFVIGnuemaTna

eTIb)anPasitRBHKafaTaMgenHfa

buKÁlGñkminkMNaj; KYreFVIehtuNanImYy KW

R)arB§dl;buBVebtCn eTvtaEdlsßitenAkñúgpÞH b¤

esþcmharaCTaMg 4 EdlrkSaelak CaGñkmanys

KW esþcFtrdæ³ 1 esþcvir uLk³ 1 esþcvir Ubkç³ 1

nigesþckuevr³ 1 [CaGarmµN_ehIy Kb,I[Tan


elakTaMgenaHCaGñkEdlbuKÁlbUCaehIy TaMgTayk

k¾minKµanpl karyMERsk esckþIesak b¤karerob

rab;y:agdéT minKYreFV IeLIy eRBaHkaryMCaedImenaH

minCaRbeyaCn_dl;GñkEdlsøab;eTAehIy jatiTaMg

Lay rEmgtaMgenAy:agenaH EdlTkçiNaTanenH

EdlGñkcUleTAtaMgTukl¥ehIy kñúgRBHsgÇ rEmg

seRmcRbeyaCn_dl;buBVebtCn edayqab; Gs;kal

yUr .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa yM kiBa©armµNM ktVa ¬KYreFV Iehtu

NanImYy[CaGarmµN_¦ esckþIfa R)arB§ KW ]TÞisehtuy:agNamYy

kñúgbNþaehtuEdlCamgÁlCaedIm . bTfa TC¢a ERbfa Kb,I[ .

bTfa Gmcär I ¬GñkminkMNaj;¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa GmcärI eRBaH

minmanesckþIkMNaj; EdlmanlkçN³minGt;RTaMkñ úgsm,tþ irbs;

xøÜnCaTUeTACamYyGñkdéT . GFib,ayfa {GñkmanRbRktIbric©aK eFVI

mnÞ iléncitþmanmcäriy³ nigelaP³CaedIm[Xøatq¶ayehIy Kb,I[


Tan} . bTfa buBVebet c GarBÖ ¬R)arB§dl;buBVebtCn¦ )an

dl; ]TÞ isbuBVebtCn . manvacaRbkbesckþIfa bTfa vtß úeTvta

R)arB§eTvtaEdlsßitenAkñúgTIepSg² manpÞHCaedIm . edayBaküfa

Gf va enH RTg;sEmþgfa {R)arB§ebtCnNanImYy maneTvta nig

mnusSCaedIm sUm,IBYkdéTehIy Kb,I[Tan} .

kñúgbTTaMgenaH RBHmanRBHPaK kalnwgRTg;sEmþgeTvtaGñk

R)akdBYkxøH kñ úgeTvtaTaMgenaHmun eTIbRtas;BaküCaedImfa esþc

kuevr³ dUecñH . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa kuevr M ¬esþckuevr³¦ )an

dl; esþcevsSv½N . bTfa FtrdæM ¬esþcFtrdæ³¦ CaedIm CaeQµaH

rbs;esþcelak)alTaMg 3 d¾ess . bTfa et ecv bUCita

ehanþi ¬elakTaMgenaHCaGñkEdlbuKÁlbUCaehIy¦ esckþIfa k¾esþc

mharaCTaMgenaH nigbuBVebtCn nigvtß úeTvta CaGñkEdleKrab;Gan

edaykareFV I]TÞ is . bTfa Tayka c Gniböla ¬nigTaykk¾min

manpl¦ esckþIfa nigTaykGñk[Tan rEmgminmanpl eRBaHehtu

RtwmEtkar]TÞisdl;ebtCndéTk¾eT TaMgCaGñkmancMENkénplTan


rbs;xø ÜndUcKña .

\LÚvenH edIm,InwgRTg;sEmþgfa {karyMCaedImrbs;buKÁlGñk

yM xSwkxSÜl esayesak eRBaHjatirbs;xøÜnsøab;eTA minman

RbeyaCn_ )anRtwmEteFV Ix ø Ün[ekþ áARkhayb: ueNÑaH} eTIbRtas;Kafa

fa n hi ruNÑM va dUecñHCaedÍm . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa ruNÑM

ERbfa yM KW bgðÚrTwkEPñk . )alId¾essKb,InaMmkP¢ab;CamYynwg

bTfa n hi katBVM . bTfa esaeka )andl; esckþIesakesA

KW esckþIekþ áARkhaykñúgcitþ . GFib,ayfa {esckþIekþApSakñúgxag

kñúg} . bTfa ya cBaØa¬1¦ brieTvna ¬karyMy:agdéT¦ esckþIfa

karyMerobrab;y:agdéT eRkAGMBIkaryM nigesckþIesakenaH )an

dl; karxSwkxSÜlerobrab;edayvaca manCaedImfa {kUnEtmYy enA

ÉNa} . GFib,ayfa {sUm,IkarxSwkxSÜlerobrab;edayvacaenaH

k¾minKYreFV I} . va sBÞkñúgbTTaMgBYg Cavikb,tß³ ERbfa xøH b¤kþ I .

bTfa n tM ebtsS Gtßay ¬rEmgminCaRbeyaCn_dl;GñkEdl

1¦ bidkfa = ya vBa Øa brieTvna .


søab;eTAehIy¦ esckþIfa ehtumanCaedImfa karyMkþI karesakesA

kþI karxSwkxSÜlkþI TaMgGs;enaH minmanRbeyaCn_ minman]bkar³

dl;Gñksøab;eTAehIy KW Gñksøab;eTAehIy dUecñaH ehtumankaryM

CaedImenaH eTIbminKYreFV I . GFib,ayfa {sUm,Iy:agenaH BYkjati

k¾\t)andwgerOgeLIy Kg;zitenAy:agenaHdEdl} .

RBHsasþa kalRTg;sEmþgdl;ehtuénTukç mankaryMCaedIm

y:agenHehIy \LÚvenH kalnwgsEmþgGMBITkçiNaEdlTayR)arB§

cMeBaHbuBVeRbtCaedÍm ehIyfVaycMeBaHRBHsgÇfa CavtßúmanRbeyaCn_

eTIbRtas;Kafafa GyBa© exa TkçiNa dUecñHCaedÍm . bNþabTTaMg

enaH bTfa GyM enH RBHmanRBHPaK kalnwgsEmþgdl;TanEdl

Tayk[ehIyenaHedayRbckS eTIbRtas;Tuk . c sBÞ Ca Büti-

erktß³ ERbfa Edl . eday c sBÞenaH rEmgbBa¢ak;GtßEdl

BiessedaycMeBaHEdlkMBugnwgeBalfa {TkçiNaTanenH nwgdUcCaehtu

mankaryMCaedÍm EdlminCaRbeyaCn_dl;nrNa² EdllHelakenH

eTAehIyenaHeT . TkçiNaTanenH rEmgRbRBwtþeTAedIm,IRbeyaCn_


dl;GñkEdllHelakeTAehIyenaH Gs;kalyUr} . sBÞfa exa

eRbIkñ úgGtßfa GvFarN³ ERbfa hamesckþIdéT . bTfa TkçiNa

¬Tkç iNa¦ )andl; Tan . bTfa sgÇmði subtidi æta ¬taMgTukl¥

ehIykñúgsgÇ¦ )andl; taMgTukl¥ehIykñúgRBHsgÇEdlCabuBaØekçtþ

d¾kMBUl . bTfa TIXrtþM hitaysS ¬edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;buBVebt-

CnenaH>>> Gs;kalyUr¦ )andl; edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_FMTUlaydl;eRbt

enaH Gs;kalyUr . bTfa zanesa ]bkb,ti ¬rEmgseRmceday

qab;rYsran;¦ )andl; rEmgseRmckñúgxN³enaH² Ég . GFib,ay

fa {minEmnkñúgkaldéT} . BitehIy enHCaFmµtakñ úgRbkarenaHfa

{RbsinebIeRbtGnuemaTnaTan kñúgevlaTaykfVayTan]TÞisdl;eRbt

eRbtk¾nwgrYcputedayplénTanenaH kú ñgxN³enaH² Ég .

RBHd¾manRBHPaK luHRTg;sEmþgFm’y:agenHehIy RTg;eFV I[

mhaCnmancitþrIkrayéRkElgkñúgTanEdl]TÞisdl;eRbt ehIyesþc

k¾eRkakcakGasn³ecosecjeTA . luHRBwkeLIg PriyaelakesdæI

nigBBYkjatid¾ess kalRbtibtþitamelakesdæI eTIbfVaymhaTan


Gs;evlaRbmaNCa 3 Ex edayGakary:agenH .

RKaenaH RBH)aTbesnTiekasl esþcyagcUlKal;RBHman

RBHPaK TUlsYrfa {bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn eRBaHehtuGVI PikçúTaMgLay

eTIbminnimnþeTApÞHrbs;´RBHGgÁ RbmaNCa 1 ExehIy?} . kal

RBHsasþaRtas;R)ab;ehtuenaHehIy cMENkRBHraCakalnwgRTg;bdi-

btþitamelakesdæI eTIbfVaymhaTancMeBaHPikç úsgÇEdlmanRBHBuT§

CaRbFan . GñknKreXIjdUecñaH kalnwgGnuvtþtamRBHraCa eTIb

fVaymhaTanGs;evlaRbmaNCa 1 Ex . GñknKr[mhaTanEdl

mantukátaemSACaehtuRbRBwtþeTArhUt 2 Ex edayRbkardUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa bidæFItlikeRbtTI 4

3

-45- Gdækfa ]rKvKÁ erOgtierakuD ÐeRbt TI 5

Gdðkza tierakuDÐebtvtæúTI 5

{ eRbt[Brdl;Gñk[Tan]TÞisdl;xøÜn}

[5] RBHsasþakalRTg;Rbfab;enAkñ úgRkúgraCRKwH RTg;R)arB§

BYkeRbtCaeRcIn eTIbRtas;RBHKafaenH manBaküepþImfa tierakueDÐsu

tidænþ i ¬eRbtTaMgLay>>> QrenAxageRkACBa¢a MgpÞH¦ dUecñH .

kñúgesckþIenaH mankfaBisþardUcteTAenH . kñúgkb,TI 92

GMBIPTÞkb,enH mannKrmYyeQµaH kasI . RBHraCaRTg;RBHnamfa

C½yesn RTg;RKgraCsm,tþikñ úgRBHnKrenaH . RBHGgÁmanRBHraC-

eTBIRBHnamfa sirima . RBHeBaFistVRBHnamfa pusS³ RTg;bdisn§i

kñúgRBHKP’rbs;RBHnag ehIyRtas;dwgnUvRBHsmµasem<aFiBaØaNeday

lMdab; . RBH)aTC½yesnekItesckþIeXIjdl;xøÜnfa {butþrbs;eyIg

ecjmhaPini®sámCaRBHBuT§ RBHBuT§Carbs;eyIg RBHFm’Carbs;eyIg

RBHsgÇk¾Carbs;eyIg} dUecñHehIy RTg;]bdæakedayRBHGgÁÉgsBV²

kal RTg;min[»kasdl;CndéTeLIy .

bgb¥Ún 3 RBHGgÁ manRBHmataepSgKña CaRBHknidæPatarbs;


RBHmanRBHPaK naMKñaKitfa {Fmµtafa RBHBuT§TaMgLayrEmg]b,tþi

eLIgedIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;stVelakTaMgmUl minEmnedIm,IRbeyaCn_

cMeBaHbuKÁlEtmñak;eT ÉRBHbitarbs;BYkeyIgk¾minRBm[»kasdl;

CndéTeLIy . eFVIdUcemþchñ+ BYkeyIgnwg)an]bdæakRBHmanRBHPaK

nigPikç úsgÇ} . bgb¥ÚnTaMg 3 RBHGgÁenaH mankarKity:agenHfa

{eNðIycuH BYkeyIgnwgeFVI])ayGVImYy[)an} . bgb¥Ún 3 RBHGgÁ

enaH )ansagsßankarN_enACayEdn hak;dUcCaekItkarbHe)ar .

kalenaH RBHraCaRTg;sþab;fa {enACayEdnekItkarbHe)ar} eTIbbBa¢Ún

RBHraC»rsTaMg 3 RBHGgÁ eTAb®gáabenAbc©nþCnbT . bgb¥Ún 3

RBHGgÁenaH eTAb®gáab[bc©nþCnbTenaHs¶b;rm¶ab;ehIy RtLb;mk .

RBHraCaRTg;eBjRBHT½y )anRbTanBrfa {BYkkUnR)afñavtßúNa k¾cUr

kan;ykvtßúenaHcuH} . bgb¥ÚnTaMg 3 RBHGgÁenaH RkabTUlfa {BYk

´RBHGgÁR)afñanwg]bdæakRBHmanRBHPaK} RBHraCaRtas;fa {evorRBH-

manRBHPaKecj buRtcUreRCÍserIsykvtßúdéTcuH} bgb¥Ún 3 RBHGgÁ

enaHRkabTUlfa {BYk´RBHGgÁ minRtÚvkarvtßúdéTeT} . RBHraCaRtas;


fa {ebIdUecñaH BYkbuRtcUrkMNt;evlaehIykan;ykcuH} . bgb¥Ún 3

RBHGgÁRkabTUlsUmdl; 7 qñaM RBHraCaRTg;minGnuBaØat . bgb¥Ún

3 RBHGgÁRkabTUlfa {sUm 6 qñaM 5 qñaM 4 qñaM 3 qñaM 2 qñaM 1

qñaM 7 Ex 6 Ex 5 Ex 4 Ex} rhUtsUmRtwmEt 3 Ex eday

RbkardUecñH . kñúgkalenaH RBHraCa)anGnuBaØatfa {cUrkan;ykcuH} .

bgb¥Ún 3 RBHGgÁenaH cUleTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaKCam©as;

RkabTUlfa {bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn BYk´RBHGgÁR)afñanwg]bdæakRBH

manRBHPaKGs; 3 Ex bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn sUmRBHmanRBHPaK

RTg;TTYlkarenAcaMvsSaGs; 3 ExenH dl;´RBHGgÁcuH} . RBH

manRBHPaKRTg;TTYledaytuNðIPaB . bgb¥Ún 3 RBHGgÁenaH eTIb

bBa¢ Únlixitdl;nayesµónkñúgCnbTrbs;xøÜnfa {BYkeyIgKb,I]bdæak

RBHmanRBHPaKGs; 3 ExenH sUmelakcUrcat;EcgsMPar³sRmab;

]bdæakRBHmanRBHPaK[sBVRKb; epþImtaMgBIviharCaedImeTA} . nay

esµónenaH)ancat;EcgRKb;y:agehIy k¾bBa¢Únlixittbvij . bgb¥Ún

3 RBHGgÁenaH RKb;GgÁRTg;esøókdNþb;sMBt;kasay³ RBmnwgburs


1>000 nak; eFVIesckþIxVl;xVay )annaMKña]bdæakRBHmanRBHPaK nig

PikçúsgÇedayeKarB naMeTAkan;CnbT beg¥anfVayvihar GaraFnaRTg;

caMvsSa .

KhbtIbuRtmñak; CaPNÐaKarikrbs;bgb¥Ún 3 RBHGgÁenaH

RBmTaMgPriya CaGñkmansT§a manesckþIRCHføa eK)anfVayTanvtþ

cMeBaHRBHsgÇ manRBHBuT§CaRbFan edayeKarB . nayesµónkñ úg

CnbT naMKñaeTARBmCamYyGñkCnbTRbmaN 11>000 nak; )anfVay

TanedayeKarBEtmü:ag . kñúgmnusSTaMgenaH GñkCnbTBYkxøH)an

ekItkarTas;citþeLIg . eKTaMgenaH eTIbnaMKñaeFVIGnþraydl;Tan naMKña

sIueTyüFm’edayxøÜnÉg nigykePø IgduteragTan . raCbursGñkman

esckþIeBjcitþehIy k¾naMKñaeFV Iskáar³cMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaK eFVIRBH

manRBHPaKTukxagmux ehIyRtLb;mkrkbitatamedIm . bNþaelak

TaMgenaH RBHmanRBHPaKesþcyageTAehIy RTg;k¾briniBVan . cMENk

raCbuRt nayesµónkñúgCnbT nignayPNÐaKarikRBmTaMgbris½T eFVI

kalkiriyaehIy eTAekItkñ úgsYK’tamlMdab; . BYkCnGñkRbTUsþ k¾

-49- Gdækfa ]rKvKÁ erOgtierakuDÐeRbt TI 5

naMKñaeTAekItkñ úgnrk . kalCnTaMg 2 BYkenaH cakBIsYK’cUlkan;

sYK’ cakBInrkcUleTAkan;nrk edayGakary:agenH knøgeTA 92

kb, .

kñúgPTÞkb,enH kñ úgkalénRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa ksSb³

CnGñkRbTUsþTaMgenaH ekItkñ úgBYkeRbt . kñúgkalenaH BYkmnusS

naMKña[Tan]TÞisedIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;BYkeRbt EdlCajatirbs;xø Ünfa

{sUmTanEdl[enH cUrseRmcdl;BYkjatirbs;BYkeyIgcuH} . BYk

eRbtTaMgenaHk¾)anesaysm,tþi . lMdab;enaH eRbtTaMgenH )an

eXIjdUecñaH k¾cUleTAKal;RBHksSbsmµasm<úT§ TUlsYrfa {bBiRt

RBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn BYk´RBHGgÁnwgKb,I)ansm,tþiEbbenHb¤eThñ+?} RBH

manRBHPaKRtas;fa {\LÚvenH BYkGñkminTan;)an EtkñúgGnaKt nwg

manRBHsmµasm<úT§RTg;RBHnamfa eKatm kñúgkalénRBHmanRBHPaK

RBHGgÁenaH nwgmanRBHraCaRBHnamfa Bim< isar kñ úg 92 kb,mun

rab;GMBIPTÞkb,enH RBHGgÁCajatirbs;BYkGñk RBHGgÁ)anfVayTan

cMeBaHRBHBuT§ ehIy]TÞisdl;BYkGñk BYkGñknwg)ankñúgkalenaH} .


)anB¤fa kalRBHksSbsmµasm<úT§Rtas;ehIyy:agenH RBHtRmas;

enaH hak;dUcCa)anRtas;dl;BYkeRbtTaMgenaHfa {BYkGñknwg)ankñúg

éf¶Es¥kenH} .

luHBuT§nþrmYyknøgeTA RBHmanRBHPaKrbs;BYkeyIg]b,tþieLIg

ehIy . raCbuRtTaMg 3 RBHGgÁenaH RBmedayburs 1>000 nak;

cuticakeTvelak ekItkñ úgRtkUlRBahµN kñúgmKFrdæ naMKñabYsCa

\sItamlMdab; )anCaCdil 3 nak;bgb¥Ún enAnwgKyasIsRbeTs .

nayesµónkñúgCnbT )anCaRBH)aTBim<isar . KhbtibutþCaGñkrkSa

XøaMg )anCaesdæIeQµaH visax³ . Priyarbs;KhbtibuRtenaH )an

CaFItarbs;esdæI eQµaHfa FmµTinña . cMENkGñkeRkAGMBIenaH ekIt

Cabrivarrbs;RBHraCaenaHÉg .

RBHmanRBHPaK sUm,Irbs;BYkeyIg k¾RTg;]b,tþieLIgkñúgelak

knøgeTA 7 s)aþh_ k¾esþcyagmkkan;RkúgBaraNsItamlMdab; RTg;

RbkasFmµcká RTg;ENnaMtaMgGMBIedImdl;RBHbBa©vKÁ Iy_ rhUtdl;

Cdil 3 nak;bgb¥Ún RBmTaMgbrivar 1>000 nak; ehIyesþcyag


eTAkan;RkúgraCRKwH . k¾kñ úgbNþaCnTaMgenaH RBHGgÁRTg;[RBH)aT

Bim<isarcUlKal;kñúgéf¶enaHÉg RBmTaMgRBahµN_ nigKhbtIGñkRsúk

GgÁ³ nigmKF³ 11 mWunnak; [taMgenAkñúgesatabtþiplehIy .

lMdab;enaH RBHraCaRTg;nimnþedayPtþ edIm,IesayRBHRkyaharkñúg

éf¶Es¥k RBHGgÁRTg;TTYlehIy kñúgéf¶TI 2 esþcskáeTvraC)anEkøg

ePTCamaNBtUcyagesþceTA sresIredayKafaCaedImfa

RBHmanRBHPaK GñkRTg;hVwkhat;RBHGgÁehIy

putviessehIy manvNÑ³eRbóbdUcCadMumassgÁI RBm

edayburaNCdilEdlTUnµanxøÜnehIy Gñkputviess

esþc)ancUleTAkan;RkúgraCRKwH dUecñH .

eTIbesþcyagcUleTAkan;RkúgraCRKwH RTg;TTYlmhaTankñúg

RBHraCnievsn_ . cMENkBYkeRbtTaMgenaH k¾naMKñaQrecamerameday

edaysgÇwmfa {\LÚvenH RBHraCanwg]TÞisTandl;BYkeyIg \LÚvenH

RTg;nwg]TÞ is} .

RBHraCaRTg;fVayTanehIy RTg;k¾RBHtRmiHdl;sßanTIRbfab;


rbs;RBHmanRBHPaKfa {RBHmanRBHPaK nwgKb,IRbfab;kñ úgTINahñ+}

dUecñH eTIbmin)an]TiÞsTanenaHdl;nrNa² . BYkeRbtkalmin)an

TanenaHy:agenaH k¾Gs;sgÇwm kñ úgevlakNþalyb; eTIbnaMKñabnøW

sMeLgKYr[xøac CitRBHraCnievsn_ . RBHraCaRTg;dl;esckþIsegVK

EdlKYrP½yxøac KYrtk;søút kalraRtIknøgeTA eTIbRkabTUlcMeBaH

RBHmanRBHPaKfa {´RBHGgÁ)ansþab;sMeLgEbbenH nwgmanehtuGVI

dl;´RBHGgÁ RBHGgÁ?} RBHmanRBHPaKRtas;fa {RTg;ku MxøaceLIy

mhabBiRt nwgminmanerOgGaRkk;GVIdl;RBHGgÁeT mYyeTot jatiGMBI

munrbs;RBHGgÁEdlekItkñúgBYkeRbtmanehIy jatiTaMgenaH sgÇwm

nwgCYbcMeBaHRBHGgÁEtmYyGgÁKt;Gs;mYyBuT§nþr Rtac;rgÁat;eTAeday

sgÇwmfa {RBHGgÁfVayTandl;RBHBuT§ehIy nwg]TÞ isdl;BYkeyIg

xøH eRBaHRBHGgÁfVayTankalBImSilmijehIymin)an]TÞis eTIbnaMKña

Gs;sgÇwmbeBa©jsMeLgERskyMEbbenH} . RBHraCaTUlsYrfa {ebI

´fVayTansUm,Ikñ úgeBl\LÚvenH BYkeRbtTaMgenaHnwgKb,I)anTTYlb¤

RBHGgÁ? RBHsasþaRtas;fa {)anmhabBiRt} . RBHraCaRkabTUl


fa {bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn ebIdUecñaH sUmRBHmanRBHPaKeR)asTTYl

Tanrbs;´RBHGgÁedIm,Iesaykñúgéf¶enH ´RBHGgÁnwg]TÞisdl;BYkeRbt

TaMgenaH} . RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;TTYlnimnþedaytuNðIPaB .

RBHraCaRTg;eTAkan;RBHraCnievsn_ RTg;[eKcat;EcgmhaTan

ehIyeTIb[RkabTUlcMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaK . RBHmanRBHPaKesþcyag

eTAkan;RBHraCnievsn_RBmedayPikç úsgÇ Rbfab;elIBuT§asn³EdleK

RkalfVay . eRbtTaMgenaHeTAedaysgÇwmfa {éf¶enH BYkeyIgnwg

)anGVIedayBit} dUecñH eTIb)annaMKñaQrkñúgTIepSg² manxageRkA

CBa¢aMgpÞHCaedIm . RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;)aneFVInUvBYkeRbtTaMgGs;enaH

[R)akddl;RBHraCa . RBHraCakalnwgRTg;RcÚcTwkTkçieNaTk eTIb

]TÞisfa {TanEdl´[enH cUrseRmcdl;BYkjaticuH} . kñúgrMeBc

enaHÉg RsHe)akçrNImIredrdasedayKum<páa Epø )anekIteLIgdl;

BYkeRbtTaMgenaH . BYkeRbtTaMgenaHnaMKñagUt nigpwkkñ úgRsHe)akç-

rNIenaH )ans¶b;rm¶ab;esckþIRkvl;Rkvay esckþIlM)ak nigesckþI

eRskXøan)anehIy )anCaGñkmansm,úrdUcmas . RBHraCaRTg;fVay


yaKU rbs;TMBa nigrbs;briePaK ehIy]TÞis[ . xN³enaHÉg

yaKU rbs;TMBa GaharCaTiBVk¾ekIteLIgdl;eRbtTaMgenaH . eRbt

TaMgenaH k¾naMKñabriePaK)ayyaKUCaedImenaHehIy k¾)anCaGñkman

\®nÞ iyRss;føa . lMdab;enaH RBHraCa)anfVaysMBt; TIedk nigTI

GgÁúy RTg;]TÞis[ . eRKÓgRbdab;manRbePTepSg² dUcCa sMBt;

R)asaT eRKÓgRkal nigTIedkCaedImCaTiBV k¾)anekItdl;eRbtTaMg

enaH nigsm,tþirbs;BYkeRbtTaMgenaH )anR)akddl;RBHraCa eday

RbkarEdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg;GFidæanTuk . RBHraCaRTg;TtRBHenRt

eXIjdUecñaH RTg;eBjRBHT½yéRkElg . lMdab;enaH RBHmanRBH

PaK esayRBHRkyahareRscehIy RTg;hamPtþehIy edIm,InwgRTg;

GnuemaTnadl;RBH)aTBim<isar eTIb)anRtas;tierakuDÐebtvtßúfa

eRbtTaMgLaymkkan;pÞHrbs;xøÜn ehIyQr

xageRkACBa¢a MgpÞH Rtg;pøÚvEbkCa 4 nigpøÚvEbkCa 3

nigQrRtg;TICitTVarpÞH . kal)ay Twk rbs;TMBa

rbs;briePaKd¾eRcIn eKykcUleTAtaMgTukehIy dl;


jatiNa² rbs;eRbtTaMgenaHrBJkmin)an eRBaHkmµ

rbs;stVCabc©½y . smKYrdl;jatiTaMgLaytam

kal dUcTanEdlmhabBiRtfVayehIy dUecñaH eday

ectna]TÞisfa sUmTanenHÉg cUrseRmcpldl;

jatiTaMgLayrbs;eyIg sUmjatiTaMgLayrbs;

eyIg cUrCasuxcuH .

cMENkeRbtCajatiTaMgLayenaH naMKñamk

RbCuMkñúgTIenaH kal)ay nigTwkmanlµmehIy rEmg

GnuemaTnaedayeKarBfa eyIg)ansm,tþieRBaHehtu

énjatiBYkNa sUmjatirbs;eyIgTaMgenaH cUrman

GayuyWnyUr karbUCaEdlBYkjati)aneFV IehIydl;

eyIgTaMgLay nigjatiTaMgLayEdlCaGñk[ k¾

min\tpl . eRBaHkñúgebtvis½y minmanksikmµ

nigeKarkçkmµ karCYjdUrdUecñaHk¾minman karTij kar

lk;edayR)ak;k¾minman .


stVTaMgLayGñkeFVIkal³eTAehIy kñúgebt-

vis½yenaH rEmgjúa MgGtþPaB[RbRBwtþeTAedayTan

EdlTayk[ehIyGMBImnusSelakenH naMePøóg[Føak;

cuHkñúgTITYl rEmghUreTAkan;T IT Mnab y:agNa Tan

Edljati b¤miRt[ehIyGMBImnusSelakenH rEmg

sRmcpldl;eRbtTaMgLay dUecñaHdUcKña .

Gnøg;TwkFMeBjehIy rEmgjúaMgsaKr[eBj

eRBób y:agNa TanEdljati b¤miRt[ehIyGMBI

mnusSelakenH EmgseRmcpldl;eRbtTaMgLay

dUecñaHdUcKña . kulbutþkalrBJkdl;]bkarKuNEdl

elakeFVIehIykñúgkalmunfa GñkÉeNaH)an[vtßúenH

dl;eyIgehIy GñkÉeNaH)aneFVI]bkarKuNenHdl;

eyIgehIy jatimitþ nigsmøaj;)an[vtßúenHdl;eyIg

nig)anCYyeFVIkic©rbs;eyIg dUecñH Kb,I[TkçiNaTan

dl;eRbtTaMgLay .


eRBaHfa karyMesakkþI karxSwkxSÜldéTkþI

minKYreFVIeLIy eRBaHkaryMCaedImenaH minRbRBwtþeTA

edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;eRbtTaMgLay jatiTaMgLayk¾

Kg;sßitenAy:agenaH . TkçiNaTanenHÉg Edl[

ehIy tmál;Tukl¥ehIykñúgsgÇ rEmgseRmcRb-

eyaCn_dl;eRbtTaMgenaHedayqab;rYsran; Gs;kal

yUr .

jatiFm’ mhabBiRt)ansEmþg[R)akdehIy

karbUCard’éRkElgedIm,IeRbtTaMgLay mhabBiRt

k¾RTg;eFVIehIy TaMgkmøaMgkay mhabBiRtk¾)anbEnßm

[cMeBaHPikçúTaMgLayehIy buNümanRbmaNmintic

mhabBiRtk¾RTg;)anxVl;xVayehIy .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa tierakueDÐsu ¬xageRkACBa¢aMgpÞH¦ )an

dl; Rtg;cMENkdéTénCBa¢aMg ¬pÞH¦ . bTfa tidænþ i ¬Qr¦ enH Ca

BakükMNt;karQr edaybdiesFkarGgÁúyCaedIm . GFib,ayfa


{QrxageRkATVarpÞH kMEBg nigCBa¢a MgpÞH} . bTfa sn§isigÇad-

eksu c ¬Rtg;pø ÚvEbkCa 4 nigpø ÚvEbkCa 3¦ )andl; Rtg;pø ÚvEbk

Ca 4 nigpøÚvEbkCa 3 . bTfa sn§i )andl; RCúgpøÚvEbkCa 4 .

ehARtg;TI>tpÞH Rtg;CBa¢aMg nigRtg;bg¥Ück¾man . bTfa TVarBahasu

tidænþ i ¬QrenARtg;TICitTVarpÞH¦ )andl; QrenAEk,rTVarRkúg nig

TVarpÞH . bTfa GaKn…þan skM XrM ¬mkkan;pÞHrbs;xø Ün¦ esckþI

fa pÞHrbs;jatikñúgkalmunkþI pÞHrbs;xøÜnRKb;RKgedayPaBCam©as;

kþ I eQµaHfa pÞHrbs;xø Ün . eRBaHehtuEdlBYkeRbtTaMgenaHmkkan;

sUm,ITaMgBIrRbePTenaH eRBaHyl;fa CapÞHrbs;xø Ün dUecñaH eTIb

Rtas;fa mkkan;pÞHrbs;xø Ün .

RBHmanRBHPaK RTg;sEmþgdl;RBHraCanUvBYkeRbtd¾eRcIn Edl

manrUbEbøk² minKYremIl TaMgKYrP½yxøac GñkesayplénesckþI

RcENn nigesckþIkMNaj; naMKñamkkan;RBHraCnievsn_rbs;RBH)aT

Bim< isar sUm,Ixø ÜnminFøab;RKb;RKgkñúgkalmun edaysmÁal;fa CapÞH

rbs;xø Ün eRBaHCapÞHrbs;jatikñúgkalmun QrenAxageRkACBa¢a MgCa


edIm edayRbkary:agenH eTIbRtas;Kafafa QrxageRkACBa¢a MgpÞH

CaedIm kalnwgRTg;sMEdgesckþIdEdlfa kmµEdlBYkeRbtTaMgenaH

eFV I Carbs;GaRkk; eTIbRtas;KafaTI 2 fa )ayTwkd¾eRcIn dUecñH

CaedIm .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa bhUet ¬mand¾eRcIn¦ )andl; min

tic KW eRcIn . GFib,ayfa {smlµmdl;esckþIRtÚvkar} . Bit

ehIy pøas; B GkSr Ca b GkSrk¾)an dUckñ úgRbeyaKCaedImfa

bhu senþa n Prti sb,úrscMnYneRcIn rEmgmineBj ¬edaykar

dwg¦ . cMENkGacarüBYkxøHfa Bhuek dUecñH . k¾esckþIenaH Ca

kareBaledayesckþIPøa MgPøat; . bTfa Gnñ)anmði ¬kal)ayTwk¦

)andl; rbs;Kb,IsuI nigrbs;pwk . bTfa xC¢ePaeC¢ ERbfa kal

rbs;TMBa nigrbs;briePaK . edayBaküenH RTg;sMEdgGaharTaMg

4 RbePT KW rbs;suI rbs;pwk rbs;TMBa nigrbs;liT§ . bTfa

]bdæiet )andl; cUleTAtaMgTuk KW eRtómTuk . GFib,ayfa cat;

EcgTuk . bTfa n etsM ekaci srti stþanM ¬jatiNa² rbs;


eRbtTaMgenaH rBJkmin)an¦ esckþIfa nrNa² nwgCamata bita buRt

b¤jatik¾eday rbs;stVTaMgenaH KW GñkekItkñ úgebtvis½y rBJkmin

)an . sYrfa {eRBaHehtuGVI?} eqøIyfa {eRBaHkmµCabc©½y} . GFi-

b,ayfa eRBaHkmµ KW esckþIkMNaj; mankarmin[ nigkarbdiesF

kar[CaedÍm EdlxøÜneFVITukCaehtu kmµenaHÉg eFVI[BYkjatiTaMgenaH

rBJkmin)an .

RBHmanRBHPaK luHRTg;sEmþgkarminmansUm,IEtkarnwkrBJk

rbs;BYkjati eRBaHplkmµrbs;BYkeRbtEdlsgÇwmdl;BYkjati kñúg

kal)ay nigTwkCaedIm sUm,ImanRbmaNeRcIn k¾manehIyy:agenH

\LÚvenH kalnwgRTg;sresIrTanEdlRBHraCafVay]TÞisdl;BYkjati

GñkekItkñúgebtvis½y eTIbRTg;Rtas;KafaTI 3 fa ÉvM TTnþi jatInM

dUecñHCaedIm .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa ÉvM CaBakü]bma . bTfa ÉvM enaH

P¢ab;esckþI)an 2 Rbkar KW bNþajatiBYkxøH sUm,IrBJkmin)aneRBaH

kmµrbs;stVTaMgenaHCabc©½y jatiBYkxøHEdlGnueRKaHy:agenaH k¾


rEmg[dl;BYkjati nig KW BYkjatiGñkGnueRKaH rEmg[Twk nig

)ayCaedÍmd¾l¥RbNIt EdlsmKYrtamkal dl;jatiTaMgLay dUc

TanEdlmhabBiRtfVayehIy dUecñaH . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa

TTniþ )andl; rEmg[ KW ]TÞ is[ RbKl;[ . bTfa jatInM

¬jatiTaMgLay¦ )andl; CnEdlCab;Tak;TgKñaxagmata nigbita .

bTfa ey )andl; CnNamYymanbuRtCaedIm . bfa ehanþi ERbfa

rEmgCa . bTfa Gnukm,ka ¬GñkGnueRKaH¦ )andl; GñkR)afñanUv

RbeyaCn_ KW GñkEsVgrkRbeyaCnd¾FM . bTfa sucw ¬s¥at¦ )an

dl; brisuT§ rIkraycitþ nigRbkbedayFm’ . bTfa bNItM ¬RbNIt¦

)andl; »Lar . bTfa kaeln ¬tamkal¦ )andl; tamkald¾

smKYrdl;karbriePaKrbs;RBHTkçieNyübuKÁlTaMgLay b¤tamkal

EdleRbtCajatimkQrenAxageRkACBa¢aMgpÞHCaedIm . bTfa kb,iyM

¬smKYr¦ esckþIfa KYr KW smKYr )andl; smKYredIm,IkarbriePaK

rbs;RBHGriy³TaMgLay . bTfa )anePaCnM ¬Twk nigePaCn¦ )an

dl; Twk nig)ay . k¾kñúgTIenH edaykarsMEdgGagdl;Baküfa )an³


ePaCn³enaH RBHGgÁRtas;dl;eTyüFm’RKb;y:ag .

\LÚvenH edIm,InwgsMEdgRbkarEdlCaehtu eQµaHfa Edl

jati[ehIydl;eRbtTaMgenaH eTIbRtas;knøHKafaxagedIm eday

KafaTI 4 fa \TM eva jatInM ehatu suxita ehanþ ú jateya

¬sUmTanenHÉg cUrseRmcpldl;jatiTaMgLayrbs;eyIg sUm

jatiTaMgLayrbs;eyIg cUrCasuxcuH¦ dUecñHCaedIm knøHKafaedIm

énKafaTI 4 enaH Kb,IP¢ab;CamYyknøHKafaxagedIménKafaTI 3 fa

jatiGñkGnueRKaH rEmg[dl;BYkjatiedayectna

]TÞisy:agenHfa sUmTanenHÉg cUrseRmcpldl;

jatiTaMgLay sUmjatiTaMgLay cUrCasuxcuH .

eday ÉvM sBÞenaH EdlmanGakarCaGtßfa {jatiTaMgLay

rEmg[edayRbkary:agenHfa sUmTanenHÉg cUrseRmcdl;jati

TaMgLay minEmn[edayRbkardéT} k¾)aneQµaHfa eFV IkarsMEdg

ecjdl;GakarEdlnwgKb,I[ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa \TM ¬enH¦ CabTsEmþgR)ab;dl;


eTyüFm’ . bTfa eva Cani)at dUc eva GkSr kñúgRbeyaKCaedIm

fa eyhi eva Griya . bTfa jatIn M ehatu ¬cUrseRmcpldl;

jatiTaMgLay¦ esckþIfa cUrseRmcdl;jatiTaMgLayEdlekItkñúg

ebtvis½y EtGacarüBYkxøHeBalfa ena jatInM . GFib,ayfa {dl;

jatiTaMgLayrbs;eyIg} . bTfa suxita ehanþú jateya ¬sUm

jatiTaMgLayrbs;eyIg cUrCasuxcuH¦ esckþIfa BYkjatiGñkcUl

dl;ebtvis½yTaMgenaH kalesayplenH cUrmanesckþIsux KW

)anTTYlesckþIsux .

eRBaHehtuénkmµEdlbuKÁldéTeFVI sUm,Ikñ úgkalBYkjatieBal

fa {sUmTanenHÉg cUrseRmcdl;jatiTaMgLay} dUecñH rEmgmin

[pldl;buKÁldéT . k¾vtß úenaHEdleK]TÞis[dUecñaH suT§EtCa

bc©½ydl;kuslkmµdl;BYkeRbtGñkCajati dUecñaH kalRTg;nwgsMEdg

RbkarEdlkuslkmµnwgbegáItpldl;eRbtTaMgenaHkñ úgTIenH KW kñúg

xN³enaH² Ég eTIbRtas;BakümanCaedImfa et c ttß dUecñH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa et )andl; eRbtEdlCajati .


bTfa ttß ¬kñ úgTIenaH¦ )andl; kñ úgTIEdlBYkjati[Tan . bTfa

smaKn¡þa ¬naMKñamk¦ esckþIfa CaGñknaMKñamkkñúgTIenaH edIm,IGnu-

emaTnafa {BYkjatiTaMgenHrbs;BYkeyIg ]TÞ isTanedIm,IRbeyaCn_

dl;BYkeyIg . bTfa bhUet Gnñ)anmði ¬kal)ay nigTwkmanlµm

ehIy¦ esckþIfa kalvtßúenaHEdlBYkjati]TÞiscMeBaHxøÜn . bTfa

skác© M GnuemaTer ¬rEmgGnuemaTnaedayeKarB¦ esckþIfa eCOkmµ

nigplrbs;kmµ minlHbg;esckþIekatERkg CaGñkmancitþminraymay

rEmgeRtkGr rEmgsb,aycitþ ekItbItiesamnsSeLIgfa {sUmTan

rbs;BYkeyIgenH cUrRbRBwtþeTAedIm,IRbeyaCn_suxcuH} .

bTfa cirM CÍvnþú ¬cUrmanCIvitrs;enAyWnyUr¦ )andl; cUrman

karrs;enAyWnyUr KW GayuEvg . bTfa ena jatI )andl; jati

TaMgLayrbs;BYkeyIg . bTfa eysM ehtu )andl; eRBaHehtu

énjatiBYkNa KW eRBaHGaRs½yjatiBYkNa . bTfa lPames

¬)an¦ esckþIfa rEmg)ansm,tþiEbbenH . BitehIy BaküenH Ca

BaküsMEdgGakarEdlBYkeRbtGñkesaysm,tþi )aneRBaHkar]TÞ is


sresIrBYkjatirbs;xøÜn . BitehIy TkçiNarEmgbegá Itpldl;BYk

eRbtkñúgxN³enaH edayGgÁ 3 KW edayxøÜnGnuemaTna 1 eday

Tayk]TÞis[ 1 edaykardl;RBmedayRBHTkçieNyübuKÁl 1 .

eRBaHehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaKeTIbRtas;fa eysM ehtu lPames

dUecñHCaedIm .

bTfa GmðakBa© kta bUCa ¬karbUCaEdlBYkjatieFVIehIydl;

eyIgTaMgLay¦ esckþIfa karbUCa EdlTaykGñk]TÞis[y:agenH

fa {sUmTanenHÉg cUrseRmcdl;jatiTaMgLaycuH} kareFVIdl;BYk

eyIg nigTaykTaMgenaH k¾eQµaHfa CaGñkmanpl eRBaH[plkñúg

snþanCaTIekIt énkmµEdlseRmcedaykarbric©aKenaH² Ég .

k¾kñ úgesckþIenHmanGñksYrfa {k¾cMeBaHBYkjatiEdlcUldl;

ebtvis½y rEmg)anehtusm,tþ ib: ueNÑaHb¤ b¤fa CndéTk¾)an?} kñúg

esckþIenH BYkeyIgmincaM)ac;eBaleLIy eRBaHRBHmanRBHPaKRTg;

)anBüakrTukehIy . smBitdUcRBHtRmas;EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg;

Rtas;Tukkñ úg ¬GgÁútþrnikay Tskni)at¦ fa


CaNuesSaNiRBahµN_ TUlsYrfa {bBiRtRBHeKatmd¾ceRmIn

BYk´RBHGgÁ )annamfa CaRBahµN rEmg[Tan rEmgeFVIbuNüeday

eCOfa TanenH cUrseRmcjatisaelahitGñksøab;eTAehIy sUmjati

saelahitGñksøab;eTAehIy cUrbriePaKTanenH bBiRtRBHeKatmd¾

ceRmIn TanenaH rEmgdl;jatisaelahitGñksøab;eTAehIyEdrb¤ .

jatisaelahitGñksøab;eTAehIyenaH rEmg)anbriePaKTanenaHEdr

b¤?} RBHmanRBHPaKRtas;fa {mñalRBahµN_ TanenaHseRmckñúgzan³

EdlKYr rEmgminseRmckñúgzan³EdlminKYreLIy} .

CaNuesSaNITUlsYrfa {RBHeKatmd¾ceRmIn k¾zan³EdlKYr

dUcemþc zan³EdlminKYrdUcemþc?}

RBHmanRBHPaKRtas;fa {RBahµN_ buKÁlxøHkñúgelakenH Ca

Gñksmøab;stV .l. CamicäaTidæ i buKÁlenaH xagmuxGMBIsøab;eRBaH

kayEbkFøay rEmgcUldl;nrk eKrEmgjúaMgGtþPaB[RbRBwtþeTA

kñ úgnrkenaH eKtaMgenAkñúgnrkenaH edayGaharrbs;BYkstVnrk

RBahµN_ enHÉgCazan³EdlminsmKYr minCaTIseRmcénTandl;Gñk


sßitenAeLIy .

RBahµN_ k¾buKÁlxøHkñúgelakenH CaGñksmøab;stV .l.

CamicäaTidæi xagmuxGMBIsøab;eRBaHkayEbkFøay eKrEmgcUldl;kMeNIt

stVtircäan eKrEmgjúaMgGtþPaB[RbRBwtþeTAkñ úgkMeNItstVtircäan

enaH taMgenAkñúgkMeNItstVtircäanenaH edayGaharrbs;stVEdlekIt

kñúgkMeNItstVtircäan mñalRBahµN_ enHÉg k¾cat;Cazan³minsmKYr

minCaTIseRmcénTandl;GñksßitenAy:agenaHeLIy .

RBahµN_ k¾buKÁlxøHkñúgelakenH CaGñkevorcak)aNati)at

.l. CasmµaTidæ i xagmuxGMBIsøab;eRBaHkayEbkFøay eKrEmgcUl

dl;PaBCasmøaj;rbs;mnusS .l. rEmgcUldl;PaBCasmøaj;rbs;

eTvta eKrEmgjúaMgGtþPaB[RbRBwtþeTAkñ úgeTvelakenaH rEmgtaMg

enAkñúgeTvelakenaH edayGaharrbs;eTvta RBahµN_ sUm,IenHk¾Ca

zan³minsmKYr minCaTIseRmcénTan dl;GñkEdlsßitenAy:agenHeLIy .

RBahµN_ buKÁlxøHkñ úgelakenH CaGñkeFVI)aNati)at .l.

CamicäaTidæi xagmuxGMBIsøab;eRBaHkayEbkFøay eKrEmgcUldl;ebt-


vis½y eKrEmgjúaMgGtþPaB[RbRBwtþeTAkñúgebtvis½yenaH rEmgtaMg

enAkñ úgebtvis½yenaH edayGaharrbs;BYkstVEdlekItkñ úgebt-

vis½yenaH rEmgtaMgenAkñ úgebtvis½yenaH edaybtþiTanmy³Edl

BYkmitþ Gamatü b¤BYkjatisaelahitrbs;eK[GMBImnusSelakenH

RBahµN_ enHÉg Cazan³EdlsmKYr EdlcUleTAseRmcénTandl;

GñkEdlsßitenAkñúgTIy:agenHÉg .

CaNuesSaNiRBahµN_ TUlsYrfa {RBHeKatmd¾ceRmIn Rbsin

ebIjatisaelahitenaH Edlsøab;ehIyenaH mincUldl;zan³Edl

smKYrenaHesat nrNanwgbriePaKzan³EdlsmKYrenaH?}

RBHmanRBHPaKRtas;fa {RBahµN_ BYkjatisaelahit Gñk

søab;eTAehIysUm,IdéTrbs;eK rEmgcUldl;zan³EdlsmKYrenaH

jatisaelahitGñksøab;ehIyTaMgenaH rEmgbriePaKzan³EdlsmKYr

enaH} .

CaNuesSaNiRBahµN_TUlsYrfa {RBHeKatmd¾ceRmIn Rbsin

ebI jatisaelahitGñksøab;eTAehIyenaHÉg mincUldl;zan³Edl


smKYrenaHesat TaMgjatisaelahitGñksøab;eTAehIysUm,IdéTrbs;

eK k¾mincUldl;zan³EdlsmKYr nrNanwgbriePaKzan³EdlsmKYr

enaH?}

RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;fa {RBahµN_ enaHminEmnCazan³

minEmnCa»kaseT EdlnwgKb,IsUnücakjatisaelahitGñksøab;

eTAehIyeLIy edaykalyUrdUecñH RBahµN_ mYyeTot sUm,ITayk

k¾rEmgCaGñkminEmn\tpleLIy} .

\LÚvenH kalnwgRTg;sMEdgkarminmanehtu EdlBYkGñkekIt

kñúgebtvis½y nwg)anTTYlsm,tþi manksikmµ nigeKarkçkmµCaedIm

y:agdéT kñúgebtvis½yenaH nigkarjúaMgGtþPaB[RbRBwtþeTA eday

TanEdlBYkjati[ehIyGMBImnusSelakenH eTIbRtas;BakümanCa

GaTifa n hi dUecñH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa n hi ttß ksi Gtßi ¬kñúgebtvis½y

enaH minmanksikmµ¦ esckþIfa kñúgebtvis½y ksikmµEdlBYkeRbt

nwgGacGaRs½yciBa©wmCIvity:agsb,ay minmaneLIy . bTfa eKa-


rekçtß n viC¢ti ¬minmaneKarkçkmµ¦ esckþIfa kñúgebtvis½yenaH min

EmnminmanEtksikmµEtmü:agb:ueNÑaH sUm,IeKarkçkmµ EdlBYkeRbt

TaMgenaHGaRs½yciBa© wmCIvity:agsb,ay k¾minmandUcKña . bTfa

vNiC¢a taTisI ntßi ¬karCYjdUrdUecñaHk¾minman¦ esckþIfa sUm,IBa-

NiC¢kmµEdlCaehtu[BYkeRbtTaMgenaH)anTTYlsm,tþi k¾minmandUc

Kña . bTfa hireBaØn kyakyM ¬karTijlk;edayR)ak;¦ esckþIfa

kñúgebtvis½yenaH sUm,IkarTijlk;edayR)ak; EdlCaehtu[BYkeRbt

TaMgenaH)anTTYlsm,tþi k¾minmandUcKña . bTfa \eta Tienñn ya-

ebnþ i ebta kalKta¬1¦ thw ¬stVGñkeFVIkal³ søab;eTAehIy kñúg

ebtvis½yenaH rEmgjúaMgGtþPaB[RbRBwtþeTAeRBaHTanEdljati b¤miRt

[ehIyGMBImnusSelakenH¦ esckþIfa mYyeTot eRbtTaMgenaH rEmg

ciBa©wmCIvit KW júaMgGtþPaB[RbRBwtþeTAedayTanEdlBYkjati b¤miRt

Gamatü [ehIyGMBImnusSelakenHEtmü:ag . bTfa ebta ¬stV

Gñksøab;eTAehIy¦ )andl; BYkstVGñkekItkñúgebtvis½y . bTfa

1¦ bidk = kalkta .


kalKta ¬eFVIkal³¦ )andl; GñkeTAtamevlasøab;rbs;xøÜn . )az³

fa kalkta dUecñHk¾man . esckþIfa KW Gñksøab;eTAehIy )an

dl; Gñkdl;nUvmrN³ . bTfa thw )andl; kñúgebtvis½yenaH .

\LÚvenH kalnwgRTg;RbkasesckþItamEdleBalehIyeday

]bma RBHmanRBHPaKeTIbRtas; 2 Kafafa ]nñem¬1¦ ]TkM vudæ¿ ¬Twk

ePøógFøak;cuHkñúgTITYl¦ dUecñHCaedÍm . esckþI 2 KafaenaH man

karGFib,aydUcteTAenH . ePøógFøak;cuHkñúgTITYl KW kñúgRbeTsEdl

x<s; rEmghUreTAkan;TITMnab KW rEmghUreTAkan;PUmiPaK TMnab y:ag

Na TanEdlBYkjati[GMBImnusSelakenH k¾y:agenaHdUcKña rEmg

seRmcdl;BYkeRbt KW rEmgminR)aseTAGMBIkarekItpl . BitehIy

ebtelak Cazan³EdlsmKYredIm,IkarseRmcénTan eRbóbdUcTITMnab

Cazan³EdlsmKYrdl;karhUreTAénTwk . smBitdUcEdlRBHBuT§GgÁ

Rtas;Tukfa {RBahµN_ enHÉg Cazan³EdlsmKYr EdlCaTIseRmc

énTanrbs;GñksßitenAehIykñúgTIenaH} . mü:ageTot TanEdlBYk

1¦ bidk = ]nñet .


mnusS[ehIyGMBImnusSelakenH rEmgseRmcdl;BYkeRbt eday

n½ydUc)aneBalehIyGMBImun dUcGnøg;Twk KW TenøFM eBjedayTwk

EdlhUrmkGMBIeRCaHPM ñ Tenø sÞwg dgGUr ERBk RbLay bwg

ehIyhUreBjsaKr dUecñaH .

eRBaHehtuEdleRbtTaMgLayRtÚvesckþIR)afñaRKbsgát;fa {BYk

eyIgnwg)anGVImü:agGMBITIenH} eTIbnaMKñamkkan;pÞHrbs;jati k¾minGac

ERsksUmfa {GñkTaMgLaycUr[vtßúeQµaHenHdl;BYkeyIg} dUecñaH kal

nwgRTg;sMEdgfa {kulbutþkalrBJkdl;vtß úEdlKYrrBJkTaMgenHrbs;

jatiTaMgenaH eTIbKb,I[TkçiNa} eTIbRtas;Kafafa GaTasi em

dUecñHCaedIm .

xøwmsarénKafaenaH manGFib,aydUecñH kulbuRt kalrBJk

dl;vtß úenHTaMgGs;fa {GñkÉeNaH[RTBü b¤FBaØahareQµaHenHdl;

eyIg . GñkÉeNaHdl;esckþIBüayamedayxøÜnÉg )aneFVIkic©eQµaH

enHdl;eyIg . GñkÉeNaHeQµaHfaCajati eRBaHCab;Tak;Tgxagmata

b¤bitarbs;eyIg . GñkÉeNaHeQµaHfaCamitþ eRBaHGacrkSaeday


GMNacesckþIesñha . GñkÉeNaHeQµaHfaCamitþsMLaj;Føab;elg

dICamYyeyIg} . eTIbKb,I[TkçiNaTan KW Kb,Ibeg¥an[Tandl;

eRbtTaMgLay . )alIfa TkçiNa TC¢a dUecñHk¾man ERbfa Kb,I

[TkçiNadl;eRbtTaMgLay . edayesckþIfa TkçiNa TC¢a enaH

elakeBalGFib,ayfa {kulbuRt kalGnusrN³ KW rBJkdl;]b-

kar³EdljatieFV ITukkñúgkalmun edayn½yCaGaTifa {GñkÉeNaH)an

[eyIg} . BitehIy bTfa GnusSrM enH CabzmaviPtþ ieRbIkñ úgGtß

énttiyaviPti þ .

kalnwgRTg;sEmþgfa {k¾stVTaMgLayNaCaGñkmanTukç man

karyM nigesckþIesakCaedÍmCaxagmux eRBaHkarsøab;rbs;jatienaH

Ég taMgenAehIy min[GVI² edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;jatiGñksøab;eTAehIy

enaH esckþITukçmankaryM nigesckþIesakCaedImenaH rbs;stVTaMg

enaH manRtwmEteFV Ixø Ün[ekþARkhayEtmü:agb:ueNÑaH . esckþIT ukç

mankaryM nigesckþIesakCaedImenaH rEmgminjúaMgRbeyaCn_GVI²

[seRmcdl;eRbtTaMgLayeLIy} eTIbRtas;Kafafa n hi ruNÑM va


dUecñH edIm,InwgRTg;sEmþgbBa¢ak;dl;Tkç iNaEdlRBH)aTmKF³fVay

fa manRbeyaCn_ eTIbRtas;xø wmsarrbs;BaküTaMgenaH manCaGaTi

fa GyBa© exa dUecñH kñúgxageRkayeTot .

eRBaHehtuEdlRBHraCa kalRTg;fVayTkçiNaenH kñúgevlaenH

eQµaHfa sMEdgecjdl;jatiFm’ edayeFV Ikic©EdlBYkjatiKb,IeFV I

dl;BYkjati [R)akddl;Cnd¾eRcIn . KW RTg;eFVIkarsMEdgecj[

R)akdfa {sUm,IGñkTaMgLay k¾Kb,IbMeBjjatiFm’kñúgjatiTaMgLay

[bribUrN’ edayGakary:agenHÉg} . mü:ageTot kalRBHraCaeFVI

[BYkeRbtTaMgenaH)anTTYlsm,tþiTiBV eQµaHfa eFVIkarbUCadl;eRbt

TaMgLay[éRkElg kal[PikçúsgÇmanRBHBuT§CaRbFan[sb,ay

eday)ay nigTwkCaedIm eQµaHfa tambMeBjkmøaMgcMeBaHPikç úTaMg

Lay . kaleFVIcaKectnaEdlmanKuN mankarGnueRKaHCaedImCa

eRKÓgRbkb[ekIt eQµaHfa RTg;)anxVl;xVaykñúgbuNürkRbmaNmin

)an . dUecñaH \LÚvenH RBHmanRBHPaKkalnwgRTg;eFV IRBHraCa[

rIkrayedayKuNtamesckþIBitTaMgenH eTIbRtas;KafacugeRkayfa


esa jatiFemµa dUecñHCaedIm .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa jatiFemµa ¬jatiFm’¦ esckþIfa kar

eFVIkic©EdlBYkjatiKb,IeFVIdl;BYkjati . bTfa ]Lar ¬d¾éRkElg¦

)andl; d¾eRcIn FMTUlay . bTfa BlM ¬kmøa Mg¦ )andl; kmøaMg

kay . bTfa bsutM ¬xVl;xVay¦ )andl; ksag . k¾kñúgbTTaMg

enH edaybTfa esa jatiFemµa c GyM niTsSieta ¬jatiFm’ mha

bBiRt)ansMEdg[R)akdehIy¦ enH RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;sMEdgGag

dl;FmµIkfanwgRBHraCa . BitehIy karsEmþgGagkñúgTIenH sMedA

dl;karsEmþgnUvjatiFm’ . RBHGgÁRTg;xVl;xVay edayBaküenHfa

karbUCad¾éRkElgedIm,IeRbtTaMgLay mhabBiRtRTg;k¾eFVIehIy .

k¾karsresIr kñúgBaküfa éRkElg enH CakarbbYl[eFVIkarbUCa

erOy² . RTg;[Gach‘ankñúgBaküenHfa TaMgkmøaMgkay mhabBiRt

k¾)anbMeBjcMeBaHPikç úTa MgLayehIy . BitNas; kñ úgTIenH kar

bMeBjkmøaMgcMeBaHPikçúTaMgLay Cakar[Gach‘anedaybEnßm]sSah³

kñúgkarbMeBjkmøaMgcMeBaHPikçúTaMgLay edayRbkary:agenH . RTg;


[rIkrayedayBaküenHfa buNümanRbmaNmintic mhabBiRtk¾RTg;

)anxVl;xVayehIy . kñúgTIenH Kb,IRCabeyaCnay:agenHfa {k¾kñúg

TIenH karrBJkdl;karRbsBVbuNü k¾KW kareFV I[rIkray edaykar

sresIrKuNtamesckþIBitrbs;buNüenaH} .

k¾kñ úgevlacb;eTsna FmµaPism½ymandl;BYkstV 84>000

EdlmanesckþIsegVK eRBaHkarBN’nanUveTasénkarekItkñ úgebt-

vis½y GñktaMgesckþIBüayameday])ayRtÚvTMng . sUm,Ikñ úgéf¶TI

2 k¾RTg;sMEdgtierakuDÐeTsnak½NÐenHÉgdl;mnusS nigeTvtaTaMg

Lay . FmµaPism½ydUcKñaenaH )anmanedayRbkardUecñH dl;eTA

7 éf¶ dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa tierakuDÐebtvtßúTI 5

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Gdðkza bBa©butþxaTikebtvtæúTI 6

{ esckþIeRskXøanrbs;nageRbt}

[6] kalRBHsasþaRbfab;enAkñ úgRkúgsavtß I RTg;R)arB§nag

eRbtEdlTMBasIukUn 5 nak; eTIbRtas;Baküepþ Imfa nKÁa TuBVNÑ-

rU)asi ¬nagGaRkatkay mansm,úrGaRkk;¦ dUecñH .

)anB¤fa manPriyarbs;kudum< ik³mñak; enAkñúgRsúkminq¶ayBI

RkúgsavtßI Ca®sþIGar . BYkjatirbs;kudum< ik³enaH )annaMKñaeBal

dUecñHfa {Priyarbs;elakCa®sþIGar BYkeyIgnwgnaM®sþIRkmu MdéTmk

[elak} . eRBaHesckþIesñhakñúgPriyaenaH eTIbeKminR)afñaPriya

déT . lMdab;enaH Priyarbs;kudum<ik³enaH RCaberOgenaHehIy eTIb

eBalnwgsVamIy:agenHfa {nay ´Ca®sþIGar KYrEtnaM®sþIdéTmkeFVICa

PriyacuH vgSRtkUlrbs;GñknwgminsabsUnü} . eKkalRtÚvPriya

rMGuk eTIbRBmerobkarnwg®sþIdéT . luHtmk nagk¾)antaMgKP’ .

®sþIGarmanesckþIb£süaCaRbRktI Kitfa nagenH)anbutþehIy nwg

CaFMkñúgpÞHenH eTIbrk])ay[KP’rbs;nagFøak; k¾bBa©úHbBa© ÚlbriBVa-


Cikamñak;eday)ay nigTwkCaedIm ¬CatémøCMnYs¦ [eFVIKP’rbs;nag

[Føak; . nagkalebIKP’Føak; k¾R)ab;[matarbs;xøÜnRCab . mata

[RbCuMBYkjatirbs;xøÜn ehIyR)ab;esckþIenaH[RCab . jatiTaMg

enaH)aneBalnwg®sþIGardUecñHfa {nageFVI[KP’rbs;nagenHFøak;} .

®sþIGarenaHtbfa {´min)aneFVI[Føak;eT} . BYkeKeBalfa {ebInag

min)aneFVIKP’[Føak; k¾cUrs,f} . ®sþIGarenaHeBalkuhkeFVIkars,f

fa {RbsinebI´eFVIKP’[Føak; ´k¾nwgmanTuKÁtiCaTIeTAkñúgxagmux RtÚv

esckþIeRskXøanRKbsgát; sUm[RbsUtikUnTaMgevlal¶acevlaRBwk

mþg 5 nak; ehIyTMBasIukUnenaH k¾enAEtminEq¥t sUm[´mankøin

s¥úyCanic© nigRtÚvhVÚgruyecameram . minyUrb:unµan nagk¾søab;ekIt

CanageRbtmanrUbragGaRkk; enAminq¶ayBIRsúkenaHÉg .

kñúgkalenaH RBHefr³ 8 rUb ecjvsSakñúgCnbT nimnþmk

kan;RkúgsavtßI edIm,IKal;RBHsasþa eTIbcUleTAsñak;kñúgdgéRBEdl

sm,Úredaymøb; nigTwk minq¶ayGMBIRsúkenaH . lMdab;enaH nag

eRbtenaH)ansMEdgxøÜndl;RBHefr³TaMgLay . kñúgRBHefr³TaMgenaH


RBHsgÇetßr )ansYrnageRbtenaHedayKafafa

nagGaRkatkay mansm,úrGaRkk; mankø in

s¥úypSayecjeTA BYkhVÚgruyecameramehIy nag

CanrNa mkQrenAkñúgTIenH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa nKÁa ¬GaRkatkay¦ )andl; Gñk

minmansMBt; . bTfa TuBVNÑrU)asi ¬mansm,úrGaRkk;¦ esckþIfa

nagCaGñkmanrUbGaRkk; KW RbkbedayrUbKYrex<ImBnøwk . bTfa TuKÁn§a

¬mankøinGaRkk;¦ KW mankø inminKYrR)afña . bTfa bUti vaysi ¬kø in

s¥úypSayeTA¦ )andl; mankø indUcsaksB s¥úypSayecjGMBI

kay . bTfa mkçikahi brikiNÑa ¬hVÚgruyecameram¦ )andl; BYk

ruyk,alexovecameramedayCuMvij . bTfa ka nu tV M \F tidænþ i¬1¦

¬nagCanrNa mkQrenAkñ úgTIenH¦ esckþIfa nagCanrNa man

rUbkaydUecñH mkQrenATIenH . GFib,ayfa {Rtac;eTAxagenHpg

xagenaHpg} .

1¦ bidk = tidæsIti .


lMdab;enaH nageRbtenaHRtÚvRBHmhaaefr³sYry:agenaHehIy

kalnwgRbkasxøÜn nwg[BYkstVekItesckþIsegVK eTIb)aneBal 3

KafaenHfa

bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn ´CaeRbt dl;TuKÁti ekIt

kñ úgymelak eRBaHeFV IkmµGaRkk;Tuk eTIbRtÚvcakBI

elakenHeTAkan;ebtelak evlaRBwk´RbsUtibutþ

5 nak; evlal¶ac 5 nak;eTot ehIysIubutþTaMgGs;

sUm,Ibutþ 10 nak;enaH k¾minGacbenÞabg;esckþIeRsk

Xøanrbs;´)an hb£T½yrbs;´ekþARkhayCanic©eRBaH

esckþIeRskXøan ´min)anpwkTwkEdlKYrpwk sUm

elakcUremIl´Gñkdl;esckIþv inasenHcuH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH nageRbtehARBHefr³edayesckþIeKarBfa

bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn . bTfa TuKÁta ERbfa dl;TuKÁti . bTfa

ymelakika ¬ekItkñúgymelak¦ )andl; dwgc,as;ebtelakEdl

)annamfa ymelak edayPav³EdlCab;Tak;TgkñúgebtelakenaH .


bTfa \eta Kta ¬cakBIelakenHeTA¦ esckþIfa cakGMBImnusS-

elakenHehIyeTA edaykarcUldl;ebtelak . GFib,ayfa {ekIt

eLIg} .

bTfa kaeln ¬evlaRBwk¦ )andl; kñ úgevlaraRtIknøg .

BitehIy bTfa kaeln enH CattiyaviPtþieRbIkñ úgGtßstþmIviPtþi .

bTfa bBa© butþani ERbfa nUvkUn 5 nak; . BitehIy bTfa butþani

enH elakeBaledayligÁvibløas . bTfa sayM bBa© bunaber

¬evlal¶ac 5 nak;eTot¦ )andl; RbsUtibutþdéTeTotkñúgevlal¶ac .

manvacaRbkbesckþIfa {´sIukUnTaMg 5 nak;} . bTfa viCayitVan

¬RbsUti¦ esckþIfa sRmalkUn mYyéf¶ 10 nak; . bTfa etbi

na¬1¦ ehanþi em GlM ¬sUm,IkUn 10 nak;TaMgenaH minGacbenÞabg;

esckþIeRskXøanrbs;´¦ esckþIfa kUnTaMg 10 nak;enaH minRKb;

RKan;edÍm,IbenÞabg;esckþIeRskXøanrbs;´RtwmEt 1 éf¶ . kñúgTIenH

edIm,IgayRsÜldl;Kafa elakeTIbeBal[CaTIX³fa na . bTfa

1¦ bidk = n>>> .


briDyðti FUmayti xuTay hTyM mm ¬hTy³rbs;´ekþARkhay

Canic©eRBaHesckþIeRskXøan¦ esckþIfa cMENkénhTy³rbs;´ RtÚv

esckþIeRskXøanebotebonrEmgekþAGnÞHGEnÞg KW ekþARkhaysBV

edayePø Igkñ úgépÞ . bTfa )anIyM n leP )atu M ¬´min)anpwkTwk

EdlKYrpwk¦ esckþIfa ´RtÚvesckþIeRskRKbsgát; kalRtac;eTA

kñ úgTIenaH² min)anedIm,InwgpwkTwk . bTfa bsS mM BüsnM KtM

¬sUmelakcUremIl´Gñkdl;esckþIvinasdUecñHcuH¦ esckþIfa nageRbt

)anRbkasnUvTukçEdlxøÜnesaydl;RBHefr³fa {bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn

sUmelakcUremIl´CaGñkdl;nUvesckþIvinasdUecñH EdlTUeTA nigmin

TUeTA dl;karcUldl;PaBCaeRbtcuH} .

RBHefr³)ansþab;dUecñaH kalnwgsYrdl;kmµEdlnageRbtenaH

eFV I eTIbeBalKafafa

nag)aneFVIesckþIGaRkk;GVITukedaykay vaca

b¤citþ nagsIusac;kUnTaMgLay edayvi)akénkmµGVI .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Tukád¿ ¬kmµGaRkk;¦ )andl; Tuc©rit .


bTfa kisSkmµvi)aekn )andl; edayvi)akénkmµGVI . GFib,ayfa

{edayvi)akén)aNati)at b¤GTinñaTanCaedImNanImYy} . GacarüBYk

xøHeBalfa ekn kmµv i)aekn ¬edayvi)akénkmµGV I¦ .

lMdab;enaH nageRbtkalnwgRbkaskmµEdlxøÜneFVIdl;RBHefr³

eTIb)aneBalKafaTaMgLayfa

RsIrYmbþIrbs;´mñak;manKP’ ´KitGaRkk;dl;eK

mancitþKitRbTUsþ )aneFV IKP’[Føak; KP’rbs;eKtaMg

eLIg 2 Ex hUrecjCaelahit kñúgkalenaH mata

rbs;eKeRkaFnwg´ GeBa¢IjBYkjatimkRbCuMsaksYr

[éFVIkars,f nigKRmam[éBal énaH)aneBal

Baküsm,f nigmusavaTd¾GaRkk;fa ebIéFV IGaRkk;

y:agenH sUm[´sIunUvsac;kUncuH ´mankayRbLak;

edayxÞúH nigQam suIsac;butþTaMgLay edayvi)ak

énkmµ KW kareFV I[KP’Føak; nigkarniyaymusavaT

TaMg 2 y:agenaH .


®sþIGñkrYmsVamI elakehAfa sbtI kñ úgKafaenaH . bTfa

tsSa )abM Gectyw ¬´KitGaRkk;dl;eK¦ )andl; )anKitdl;kmµ

d¾GaRkk;dl;RsIrYmsVamIenaH . bTfa bTudæmnsa ERbfa mancitþ

KitRbTUsþ b¤mancitþRbTUsþ . bTfa eTVmasieka ¬taMgeLIg 2 Ex¦

)andl; KP’taMgeLIg 2 Ex eQµaHfa eTVmasik . bTfa elahit-

eBaØv bKÇri ¬hUrecjCaelahit¦ esckþIfa KP’vibtþi k¾hUrecjCa

elahit . bTfa tTsSa mata kubita myðM jatI smanyi ¬mata

rbs;eKeRkaFnwg´ GeBa¢IjBYkjatimkRbCuM¦ esckþIfa kñ úgkalenaH

matarbs;®sþIrYmsVamIenaHeRkaFnwg´ eTIbRbCuMBYkjatirbs;xøÜn . )az³

fa ttsSa dUecñHk¾man . Baküfa ttsSa enaH kat;bTCa teta

GsSa .

bTfa sbf¿ ¬s,f¦ )andl; karRbeTcpþasa . bTfa bri-

Pasabyi ¬KRmam[xøac¦ )andl; KRmam[P½y . bTfa sbf¿

musavaTM GPasisM¬1¦ ¬eBals,f nigmusavaT¦ esckþIfa kal´

1¦ bidk = GPasiyM .


sEmþgdl;kmµGaRkk;EdlxøÜneFVIenaHÉg famin)aneFVI eBalmusavaT

KW BaküEdlminBit )andl; Baküs,ffa {ebIkmµGaRkk;enaH ´)an

eFVIehIy sUm[´Kb,ICay:agenH . bTfa butþmMsani xaTami sec

tM bktM mya ¬ebI´eFVIGaRkk;y:agenH sUm[´suIsac;kUnÉgcuH¦ enH

CabTsEmþgnUvGakarEdleFVInUvsm,fkñúgevlaenaH . GFib,ayfa

{RbsinebI´)aneFVIesckþIGaRkk; KW kareFVIKP’[Føak;eTAenaH kñúgGna-

Kt KW kalEdl´ekItkñúgPBfµI sUm[´Kb,IsuIcMeBaHEtsac;kUnrbs;

´b:ueNÑaH . bTfa tsS kmµsS ¬énkmµenaH¦ )andl; )aNati-

)atkmµ EdlRsIGarenaHeFVI edaykareFV IKP’[Føak;cuHenaH . bTfa

musavaTsS c ¬nigkarniyaymusa¦ )andl; musavaTkmµpg .

bTfa ]PyM ¬TaMg 2 y:ag¦ )andl; edayvi)akTaMg 2 énkmµTaMg

2 . BitehIy bTfa ]PyM enH CabzmaviPtþieRbIkñ úgGtßttiya-

viPtþi . RbkbesckþIfa bTfa buBVelahitmkçita ¬mankayRbLak;

edayxÞúH nigQam¦ esckþIfa ´RbLak;xÞ úH nigQam edayGMNac

karhUrecj nigedayGMNackarEbkecj BIkarTMBasI usac;kUn .


nageRbtenaH luHRbkasnUvvi)akénkmµrbs;xøÜny:agenHehIy

eTIb)aneBalnwgRBHefr³TaMgLayy:agenHeTotfa {bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn

TaMgLay ´CaPriyarbs;kudum<ik³eQµaHÉeNaHkñúgRsúkenHÉg CaRsI

manesckþIb£süaCaRbRktI eFV IkmµGaRkk; eTIbekItkñ úgkMeNIteRbt

y:agenH bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn ´sUm»kas sUmelakTaMgLaycUr

eTAkan;pÞHrbs;kudum<ik³enaHcuH kudum<ik³enaHnwgfVayTandl;elakm©as;

TaMgLay elakm©as;TaMgLayKb,I[eK]TÞisTkçiNaenaHdl;´pg

kalebIdUecñH ´nwgrYcputGMBIebtelakenH} . RBHefr³TaMgLay)an

sþab;dUecñaHehIy kalnwgGnueRKaHdl;nag taMgenAkñúgsPav³énkar

elIkeLIg ¬taMgcitþCYy¦ k¾cUleTAbiNÐ)atÉpÞHkudum<ik³enaH . kudum<ik³

eXIjRBHefr³TaMgLayehIy ekItesckþIRCHføa eRkakTTYl ehIy

TTYl)aRt nimnþ[Kg;elIGasn³ GgÁasedayGahard¾RbNIt .

RBHefr³TaMgLayR)ab;erOgenaHdl;kudum< ik³ ehIyeTIb[eK]TÞisnUv

TanenaHdl;nageRbtenaH . k¾xN³enaHÉg nageRbtenaHrYccakTukç

enaHehIy )anTTYlsm,tþid¾éRkElg sEmþgxøÜndl;kudum<ik³kñúgevla


raRtI . lMdab;enaH RBHefr³TaMgLayeTAkan;RkúgsavtßIedaylMdab;

RkabTUlerOgenaHcMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaK . RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;sEmþg

Fm’dl;bris½TGñkmkRbCuMKñaehIy edayelIkerOgenaHeLIgCaGtßúb,-

tþ iehtu . kñúgevlacb;eTsna mhaCnmanesckþIsegVK evorcak

esckIþRcENn nigesckþIkMNaj; . eTsnaenaH )anCaRbeyaCn_

dl;mhaCn edayRbkardUecñH .

cb;Gdækfa bBa©butþxaTikeRbtTI 6

3


Gdðkza stþbutþxaTikebtvtæúTI 7

{ nageRbtGaRkatkaymankøins¥úy}

[7] RBHsasþa kalRbfab;enAkñúgRkúgsavtßI RTg;R)arB§nag

eRbtEdlsIukUn 7 nak; eTIbRtas;nUvBaküenH manBaküepþ Imfa

nKÁa TuBVNÑr U)asi ¬nagGaRkatkay mansm,úrGaRkk;¦ dUecñH .

)anB¤fa ])askmñak;enAkñúgRsúkmYy minq¶ayBIRkúgsavtßI

manbuRt 2 nak; sßitenAkñ úgbzmv½y sm,ÚredayrUbeqam Rbkb

edaysIl nigGacar³ . matarbs;buRtTaMg 2 enaH Kitfa eyIg

CaGñkmanbuRt eTIbemIlgaysVamIedaykmøaMg KW buRt . sVamIenaH

RtÚvPriyaemIlgay mancitþenOyNay eTIbnaM®sþIdéTmkRKb;RKg .

minyUrb: unµan ®sþIenaHk¾taMgKP’ . lMdab;enaH PriyaedImCaRsIman

esckþIRcENnCaRbRktI ykGamiseTAlYgelamRKÚfña Mmñak; [RKÚfña M

enaHeFVIKP’rbs;RsIenaH EdltaMgmk 3 Ex [Føak; . lMdab;enaH

®sþIenaHEdlBYkjati nigbgb¥ÚnRbússYrfa {nageFVIKP’rbs;nagenH

[Føak;b¤?} eTIbeBalmusafa {min)aneFV I[Føak;eT} CnTaMgenaHmin

-89- Gdækfa ]rKvKÁ erOgstþbutþxaTikeRbt TI 7

eCOeTIbeBalfa {nagcUrs,f} ehIy)ans,ffa {sUm[´ekItkUn

TaMgRBwk TaMgl¶ac mþg 7 nak; ehIyTMBasIusac;kUn sUm[´man

køins¥úy nighVÚgruyecameramGs;kalCanic©} .

luHtmk nageFV Ikal³ehIyekItkñ úgkMeNIteRbt edayvi)ak

énkareFVIKP’[Føak; nigeBalmusaenaHÉg eTIbTMBasIusac;kUn eday

n½ydUceBalehIy Rtac;eTAkñúgTIminq¶ayGMBIRsúkenaH . sm½yenaH

RBHefr³eRcInrUbecjvsSakñúgRsúkenaH k¾nimnþmkkan;RkúgsavtßIedIm,I

Kal;RBHmanRBHPaK sRmakkñúgTImYykEnøgminq¶ayGMBIRsúkenaH .

lMdab;enaH nageRbtenaHsMEdgxø Ündl;RBHefr³TaMgenaH . RBHmha

efr³ sYrnagedayKafafa

nagGaRkatkay mansm,úrGaRkk; manxø Ün

s¥úy bBa¢ÚnkøinGaRkk;ecjeTA BYkruyecameramehIy

nagCanrNahñ+ mkQrenAkñúgTIenH .

RsIeRbtRtÚvRBHefr³sYr eTIb)antbeday 3 Kafafa

bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn ´CaeRbt dl;TuKÁti ekIt


kñúgymelak eRBaHeFV Ikmµlamk eTIbRtÚvcakelak

enHeTAkan;ebtelak evlaRBwksRmalkUn 7 nak;

evlal¶acsRmalkUn 7 nak;eTot ehIysIukUnTaMg

Gs; kUnTaMg 14 nak;enaH k¾minGacbenÞabg;esckþI

Xøanrbs;´)an hb£T½yrbs;´eqHekþA ekþARkhay

Canic© eRBaHesckþIXøan ´dUcCaRtÚveqHedayePøIgkñúg

TIEdlekþAéRkElg min)anCYbesckþIRtCak;eLIy .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa niBVútw ¬esckþIRtCak;¦ )andl; s¶b;

TukçEdlekItGMBIesckþIeRskXøan . bTfa naFiKcäami ¬min)anCYb¦

ERbfa min)anTTYl . edaybTfa GKÁiTDÆav¬1¦ Gateb ¬´dUcCaRtÚv

eqHedayePø IgkñúgTId¾ekþAéRkElg¦ enH manBaküRbkbesckþIfa {´

esµIedayRtÚvePøIgeqHkNþaléf¶Rtg;Cak; rEmgmin)anTTYlPaBRtCak;

eLIy} .

RBHmhaefr³)ansþab;dUecñaH kalnwgsYrdl;kmµEdlnageRbt

1¦ bidk = GKÁiTeDÆv Gateb .

-91- Gdækfa ]rKvKÁ erOgstþbutþxaTikeRbt TI 7

enaHeFVI eTIbeBalKafafa

nageFV IkmµGaRkk;GVIT uk edaykay vaca citþ

b¤nagsIusac;kUn edayvi)akénkmµGV I .

lMdab;enaH nageRbtkalnwgR)ab;dl;karEdlxøÜnekItkñúgebt-

elak nigehtuEdlTMBasIusac;kUn eTIb)aneBalKafaenHfa

´mankUn 2 nak; kUnTaMg 2 nak;enaHeBj

v½yehIy énaHGaRs½ykmøaMg KW kUn eTIbemIlgay

sVamIrbs;xøÜn sVamIrbs;éRkaF eTIbrkPriyamk

fµI nigPriyafµIenaHmanKP’ ´KitGaRkk;dl;nag man

citþKitRbTUsþ )aneFV I[KP’[Føak;eTA Priyafµ Iman

KP’ 3 Exb:ueNÑaH k¾Føak;Caelahits¥úy matarbs;

nageRkaFnwg´ ehIyGeBa¢IjBYkjatimkRbCuMsaksYr

[éFV Ikars,f nigKRmam´[P½y énaH)aneBal

Baküs,f nigmusad¾xøa Mgfa ebIéFV IGMeBIGaRkk;enH

sUm[´TMBasIusac;kUncuH énHmankayRbLak;eday


xÞúH nigQam suIsac;kUnTaMgLay edayvi)akénkmµ

KW kareFVIKP’[Føak; nigmusavaT TaMg 2 y:agenH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa butþBlUebta ¬cUldl;kmøaMg KW butþ¦

)andl; GaRs½ykmøa Mg KW buRt KW )ankmøaMgedayGMNacbuRt .

bTfa GtimBaØ isSM ¬emIlgay¦ )andl; emIlgayéRkeBk . bT

fa bUti elahiteka bti ¬Føak;Caelahits¥úy¦ )andl; KP’hUr

ecjCaelahits¥úy . Baküd¾essTaMgGs;dUc)aneBalmkehIy

enaHÉg . kñúgerOgenaH manRBHefr³ 8 rUb . EtkñúgerOgenH man

RBHefr³eRcInrUb . kñúgerOgenaHmankUn 5 nak; EtkñúgerOgenHman

kUn 7 nak; enHÉgCaesckþIEbøkKña .

cb;Gdækfa stþbutþxaTikebtvtßúTI 7

3

1¦ bidk = buBVelahiteka bti .

-93- Gdækfa ]rKvKÁ erOgeKaNeRbt TI 8

Gdðkza eKaNebtvtæúTI 8

{ RcÚtesµAx© I[eKagab;suI}

[8] RBHsasþa kalRbfab;enAkñúgRBHvihareCtBn RTg;R)arB§

kudum< ik³mñak; Edlmanbitasøab;eTA eTIbRtas;Baküepþ ImenHfa kw nu

]mµtþr Ue)av ¬GµkdUcCamnusSqá Üthñ+¦ dUecñH .

)anB¤fa kñúgRkúgsavtßI bitarbs;kudum<ik³mñak;)ansøab;eTA .

eRBaHbitasøab;eTA eKeTIbesakesAeRkómRkMcitþ edIryMdUcCamnusS

qáÜt sYrGñkEdlxøÜn)anCYbfa {elakeXIjbitarbs;´eT} nrNa²

minGacbenÞabg;esckþIesakrbs;eK)an . Et]bnisS½yénesata-

btþiplenAR)akdkñúghb£T½yrbs;eK dUcCaRbTIbEdleqHkñ úgqña Mg .

kñúgevlaCitPøW RBHbrmsasþaRTg;RbemIlemIlstVelak RTg;

eXIj]bnisS½yénesatabtþiplrbs;eK RTg;RBHtRmiHfa {tfaKtKYr

EtnaMehtuEdlCaGtItrbs;kudum<ik³enHmk ehIyrMgab;esckþIesak [

esatabtþipldl;eK} dUecñH luHRBwk esþcRtLb;BIbiNÐ)at xag

eRkayPtþ RTg;min)annaMnrNaCabcäasmN³eTA RTg;yageTAkan;pÞH


rbs;kudum<ik³enaH . eK)anRCabfa RBHsasþaesþcyagmk eTIbeRkak

TTYl nimnþRBHsasþa[esþccUlkñúgpÞH kalRBHsasþaRbfab;Kg;elI

Gasn³EdleKcat;EcgTuk xø ÜnÉgk¾fVaybgÁMRBHmanRBHPaK ehIy

GgÁúykñúgTId¾smKYrmYy RkabTUlfa {bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn RBHGgÁ

RTg;RCabTIkEnøgEdlbitarbs;´RBHGgÁeTAehIyEdrb¤?} lMdab;enaH

RBHsasþaRtas;nwgeKfa {])ask GñksYrrkbitakñúgGtþPaBenHb¤ b¤

fa k¾kñúgGtþPaBEdlknøgeTAehIy} . eK)ansþab;dUecñaHehIy eTIb

Kitfa )anB¤fa eyIgmanbitaeRcIn dUecñH eTIbmanesckþIesakRsal

cuH )anTTYlesckþIesakRtwmBak;kNþal . lMdab;enaH RBHsasþa

Rtas;nUvFmµkfa CaeRKÓgbenÞabg;esckþIesakdl;eK RTg;RCabfa

eKenaHR)ascakesckþIesak sb,aycitþ eTIb[taMgenAkñ úgesata-

btþipl edaysamukagSikFmµeTsna ¬eTsnaTak;TgnwgGriysc©³¦

ehIy )anesþcyageTAkan;RBHvihar .

lMdab;enaH PikçúTaMgLaytaMgkarsnÞnaKñakñúgFmµsPafa {Ga-

vuesa elakTaMgLaycUremIlBuT§anuPaBcuH ])askEdleBareBj


edayesckþIesak nigesckþIxSwkxSÜldUecñaH RBHmanRBHPaKk¾enAEt

GacENnaMeK[taMgenAkñúgesatabtþipl kñúgxN³enaHÉg)an} . RBH

sasþaesþcyageTAkñúgTIenaH Rbfab;Kg;elIbvrBuT§asn³EdleKcat;

EcgTukehIy Rtas;sYrfa {mñalPikçúTaMgLay \LÚvenHBYkGñkGgÁúy

snÞnaKñaGMBIerOgGVIhñ +? Pikç úTaMgLayeTIbRkabTUlesckþIenaHcMeBaH

RBHmanRBHPaK . RBHsasþaRtas;fa {mñalPikç úTaMgLay minEmn

Etkñúgkal\LÚvenHbu:eNÑaHeT EdltfaKtkm©at;esckþIesakrbs;kudum<ik³

enH sUm,Ikñúgkalmun k¾)ankm©at;ecjdUcKña} dUecñH PikçúTaMgenaHRkab

TUlGaraFna eTIbRTg;naMGtItniTanmkRtas;dUecñH .

kñúgGtItkal kñúgRkúgBaraNsI bitarbs;KhbtImñak; )an

søab;eTA . eRBaHEtbitasøab; eKeTIbmanesckþIesakesAy:agéRk

Elg manmuxeCaKedayTwkEPñk EPñkeLIgRkhm yMxSwkxSÜl edIr

RbTkSiNCuMvijeCIgfár . buRtrbs;eKeQµaHfa suCat³ enAekµgv½y

EtCamnusSmankarQøasév sm,ÚredaybBaØa eTIbKitrk])ayCaeRKÓg

km©at;esckþIesakrbs;bita éf¶mYy eXIjeKamYyk,algab;enAxag


eRkARkúg eTIbk¾)anykesµA nigTwkmkdak;enAEk,rmat;rbs;eKaEdl

gab;enaH TaMgQreBalfa {ÉgcUrsIu cUrsuIcuH cUrpwk cUrpwkcuH} .

mnusSedIreTAmkeXIjdUecñaHeTIbsYrfa {suCatsMLaj; elakqáÜtehIy

b¤? EdlelaknaMesµA nigTwkeTA[eKaEdlgab;ehIy} . eKmin)an

eqø IytbGVI² . BYkmnusSeTIbnaMKñaeTArkbitarbs;eK ehIyR)ab;fa

{kUnrbs;elakqáÜtehIy ykesµA nigTwk[eKaEdlgab;sIu} . eRBaH

)ansþab;dUecñaH kudum<ik³k¾rMsayesckþIesakEdlekIteLIgeRBaHR)arB§

dl;bita . eKdl;nUvesckþIsøútcitþfa {)anB¤fa kUnrbs;eyIgkøay

CamnusSqáÜt} eTIbRbjab;eTA ehIysYrfa {EnsuCat kUnCaGñkqøat

vagév sm,ÚredaybBaØaminEmnb¤ EtehtuGVI kUneTIbykesµA nigTwk

[eKaEdlgab;} eTIbeBal 2 Kafafa

GñkmansPaBCabuKÁlqáÜtb¤hñ+ eTIbRcÚtesµA

exovx©I TaMgniyaynwgeKacas; EdlCastVsøab;ehIy

fa cUrsIu cUrsuI eKaEdlgab;ehIy rEmgmineRkak

eLIgsuIesµA nigpwkTwkminEmnb¤ kUnTaMgCabuKÁlBal


TaMgmanbBaØaefakfy dUcCabuKÁldéTEdlmanbBaØa

efakfy dUecñaH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa kw nu ¬b¤hñ+¦ CaBaküsYr . bTfa

]mµtþr Ue)av ¬dUcmnusSqá Üt¦ )andl; kUnmansPaBdUcCamnusSqÜát

KW dl;nUvesckþIraymayéncitþ . bTfa layitVa ERbfa RcÚt .

bTfa hritM tiNM ¬esµAexov¦ )andl; esµARss; . bTfa lbsi

¬niyay¦ )andl; eBalerobrab; . bTfa KtstþM ¬stVsøab;¦

)andl; R)ascakCIvit . bTfa CrKÁv M ¬eKacas;¦ )andl; eKa

Edlcas;ehIy . bTfa Genñn )aenn ¬esµA nigTwk¦ )andl;

esµAEdlexovRss; nigTwkpwkEdlGñk[ . bTfa meta eKaeNa

smudæeh ¬eKagab;ehIy ¬min¦ eRkakeLIg¦ )andl; eKaEdlgab;

ehIy minmanCIviteRkakeLIg)aneT . bTfa tVMsi Baela c TuemµeFa

¬GñkTaMgCabuKÁlBalTaMgmanbBaØaefakfy¦ esckþIfa GñkeQµaHfa

CabuKÁlBal eRBaHRbkbedayPaBCabuKÁlBal nigeQµaHfa CaGñk

manbBaØaefakfy eRBaHminmanbBaØa eBalKW emFa . bTfa yfa


teBaØav Tumµti¬1¦ esckþIfa sUm,IbuKÁldéTEdlKµanbBaØa k¾Kb,Iray-

may y:agNa ÉxøÜnGñkk¾raymaykñúgvtß úKµanRbeyaCn_ dUecñaH .

bTfa yfa tM RtwmEtCani)at . mü:ageTot bTfa Tumµti ¬man

bBaØaefakTab¦ esckþIfa kUnsUm,ICabuKÁlmanbBaØa k¾enACaGñkrevI

rvay dUcCamnusSqá ÜtdéT² .

suCatkumar)ansþab;dUecñaH kalnwgRbkasesckþIbMNgrbs;

xøÜnedIm,I[bitaRCab eTIb)aneBal 2 Kafafa

eKaenHenAmaneCIgTaMg 4 mank,al manxøÜn

RBmTaMgknÞúy EPñkk¾manenAdUcedIm ´Kitfa eKaenH

nwgKb,IeRkakeLIgsuIesµARtwmmYyéf¶ cMENkéd eCIg

kay nigsIrS³rbs;elakta minR)akd EtBukmk

yM sUm,Iq¥ wgrbs;elaktaEdlbBa©úHTukkñúgsþÚbdI min

CabuKÁll¶g;b¤ .

xøwmsarénKafaenaH manGFib,aydUcteTAenH

1¦ bidk = yfa GeBaØa c TumµtIti .


eKaenHmaneCIg 4 mank,al manxøÜnRBmTaMgknÞúy eRBaH

RbRBwtþeTARBmedayknÞúy nigmanEPñk manRTg;RTayminEbkFøay

RTg;RTayenAdUcmunminTan;søab; . bTfa GyM eKaeNa smudæeh

¬eKaenHKb,IeRkakeLIg¦ manesckþIfa eRBaHehtuenH ´eTIbKitfa

eKaenH nwgKb,IeRkakeLIg KW nwgKb,IQreLIg)anÉg . Gacarü

BYkxøHeBalfa {eKanwgeRkakeLIg)an} . eRBaHehtuenaH ´eTIbyl;

fa eKaenHKb,IRbwgeRkakeLIg)anedayqab;rh½s GFib,yfa ´man

karyl;eXIjy:agenH . suCatkumarFm’cMeBaHbitafa {k¾éd eCIg

kay sIrS³rbs;elakta´rEmgminR)akd bu:Enþelak«BukERskyM

Rtg;sþÚbdI EdlsagTukbBa© úHq¥wgrbs;elaktay:agenH CaGñkGb,-

bBaØa KW minmanbBaØa TaMgryTaMgBan; sgçarTaMgLaymankarEbk

FøayCaFmµta rEmgEbkFøayeTA bNÐitdwgc,as;kñúgesckþIenaH nwg

caM)ac;yMERskeFVIGV I .

bitarbs;RBHeBaFistV)ansþab;dUecñaHehIy eTIbKitfa {kUn

rbs;eyIgCabNÐit )aneFVIkmµenHedIm,I[eyIgyl;} kalnwgsresIr

-100- brmtßTIbnI Gdækfa x uTÞknikay ebtvtßú

kUneTIbeBalfa {suCatkUneGIy eyIg)andwgehIyfa stVTaMgBYg

manesckþIsøab;CaFmµta GMBIenHeTA »BuknwgminesakesA CnGñk

manbBaØaeQµaHfa GackMcat;esckþIesakecj)an Kb,IdUcCarUbkUn

enHÉg} eTIb)aneBal 4 Kafafa

kUn rMlt;esckþIRkvl;RkvayTaMgBYgrbs;eyIg

EdlekþAeralralehIy [vinas dUcbuKÁlykTwk

lt;ePøIgEdleqHqñaMgxøaj; dUecñaH kUnbenÞabg;esckþI

esakdl;bitaEdlRtÚvesckþIesakRKbsgát; )an

dkeLIgehIyhñ+ nUvkUnsr KW esckþIesakEdlkUn

dk)anehIy CaGñkRCak;s¶b;ehIy EnmaNB teTA

enH bitanwgminesakeT nwgminyMeRBaHsþab;Bakürbs;

kUn CnBYkNamanbBaØa manesckþIGnueRKaHcMeBaH

matabita CnBYkenaH rEmgeFV Iy:agenH rEmgjaMg

matabita[vinascakesckþIesak dUcsuCat³eFV I[

bitaGs;esckþIesak dUecñaH .


bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa GaTitM þ ekþARkhay¦ )andl; ePø Ig KW

esckþIesakCab;TUeTAehIy KW eqHeLIgehIy . bTfa snþM

ERbfa manehIy . bTfa )avkM ERbfa ePøIg . bTfa varina viy

»siBaM © ERbfa dUcykTwkeRsac . bTfa sBVM niBVabey TrM

esckþIfa [esckþIRkvl;Rkvayéncitþebs;eyIgTaMgGs;rlt; . bT

fa GBVhI vt ¬)andkeLIgehIyhñ+¦ naMecjehIyhñ+ . bTfa sløM

¬nUvkUnsr¦ )andl; nUvkUnsr KW esckþIesak . bTfa hTy-

nisSitM ¬Edlcak;edatRtg;hTy³¦ )andl; dUckUnsrEdlcak;edat

Rtg;ebHdUg . bTfa esakbertsS ERbfa RtÚvesckþIesakRKb

sgát; . bTfa bituesakM ¬esakeRBaHbita¦ )andl; nUvesckþIesak

EdlekIteLIgeRBaHR)arB§bita . bTfa G)anuTi ¬benÞabg;¦ )andl;

)annaMecjehIy . bTfa tv sutVan maNv ¬EnmaNB eRBaH

)ansþab;Bakürbs;kUn¦ esckþIfa Enkumar eRBaH)ansþab;Bakürbs;

kUnehIy BIeBlenHeTA »BukeTIbminesak minyM . bTfa suCaeta

1¦ bidkfa GBV ÚLM vt ¦ h


bitrM yfa ¬dUckUnsuCat³eFVI[bitaGs;esckþIesak¦ esckþIfa su-

CatkumarenH [bitarbs;xøÜn[rYcputcakesckþIesak y:agNa sUm,I

BYkCndéTk¾dUecñaHEdr EdlGnueRKaH manesckþIGnueRKaHCaRbRktI

manbBaØa eFVIy:agenaH KW eFVI]bkar³dl;bita nigBYkCndéT .

bita)ansþab;Bakürbs;maNBehIy CaGñkR)ascakesckþI

esak eTIbgUtTwkCRmHsIrS³ briePaKGahar Rbkbkargar eFVIkal³

ehIy mansYK’CaTIeTAkñ úgxagmux . RBHsasþa luHRTg;naMRBHFm’-

eTsnaenHmkehIy eTIbRTg;Rbkassc©³dl;Pikç úTaMgenaH . kal

cb;sc©³ CnCaeRcIn)an)antaMgenAkñúgesatabtþiplCaedIm . suCat

kumarkñ úgkalenaH )anmkCaRBHelaknafkñúgkal\LÚvenHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa erOgeKaNeRbtTI 8

3

-103- Gdækfa ]rKvKÁ erOgmhaebskareRbt TI 9

Gdðkza mhaebskarebtvtæúTI 9

{ eRbtsuImURtlamkeRBaHeCrsVamI}

[9] kalRBHsasþaRbfab;enAkñ úgRkúgsavtß I RTg;R)arB§nag

eRbtCaCagtm,ajmñak; eTIbRtas;BaküenH manBaküepþImfa KUfBa©

mutþ M ruFirBa© buBV M ¬RsIeRbtenH suI¦ dUecñH .

)anB¤fa PikçúRbmaN 12 rUb eronRBHkmµdæankñ úgsMNak;

RBHsasþa BicarNadl;TIkEnøgd¾smKYrdl;karsñak;GaRs½y kal

Citdl;éf¶cUlvsSa eXIjdgéRBEdlKYrrIkray sm,Úredaymøb; nig

TwkmYykEnøg nigeKacrRKamminq¶ayeBk minCiteBkGMBIdgéRBenaH

eTIbenAkñ úgTIenaHmYyraRtI RBwkeLIgcUleTAkan;RsúkedIm,IbiNÐ)at .

Cagtm,aj 11 nak; GaRs½yenAkñúgRsúkenaH eXIjBYkPikçúTaMgenaH

ekItesamnsS eTIbnimnþmkkan;pÞHerog² xø Ün GgÁasedayGahar

d¾RbNIt ehIysYrfa {elakm©as;nimnþeTAkan;TINa} . PikçúTaMgenaH

eBalfa {eyIgnwgeTAkan;TIEdleyIgmanesckþIsb,ay} . BYkCag

tm,ajnaMKñaeBalfa {elakm©as; ebIdUecñaH sUmelakm©as;Kg;enA


TIenHehIy} dUecñHehIy eTIbnimnþ[Kg;caMvsSa . Pikç úTaMgLayk¾

TTYlBakü . ])ask])asikaTaMgLay )annaMKñasagxÞmkñúgéRB

kñúgTIenaH ehIyeTIbevrRbeKndl;PikçúTaMgenaH . Pikç úTaMgLaycaM

vsSakñ úgTIenaHÉg .

bNþaCagtm,ajTaMgenaH Cagtm,ajCaRbFan ]bdæakPikçú 2

rUb edaybc©½y 4 edayeKarB eRkABIenaH)an]bdæakPikç úmñak;mYy

rUb . Priyarbs;nayCagtm,aj minmansT§a minmanesckþIRCHføa

CamicäaTidæi manesckþIkMNaj; min]bdæakPikçúTaMgLayedayeKarB .

nayCagtm,ajeXIjdUecñaH eTIbnaMb¥ÚnRsIrbs;PriyaenaHmk ehIy

RbKl;PaBCaFM[kñúgpÞHrbs;xøÜn . b¥ÚnRsIenaHCaGñkmansT§a man

esckþIRCHføa RbNib½tPikçúTaMgLayedayeKarB . Cagtm,ajTaMg

Gs;enaH )anRbeKnsMBt;sadkcMeBaHPikçúEdlcaMvsSa mYyrUbmYy

pÞaMg . kñúgbNþaPriyaenaH Priyarbs;nayCagtm,ajenaH CaGñk

manesckþIkMNaj; mancitþKitRbTUsra:y eCrRbeTcsVamIrbs;xø Ün

fa {Tan KW )ay nigTwkEdlelak[dl;smNskübuRtenaH cUr


ekItCalamk mURt xÞúH nigQam dl;elakkñúgbrelak TaMgsMBt;

sadk cUrkøayCabnÞHEdkeqHedayePø Ig} .

sm½ytmk bNþaCnTaMgenaH Cagtm,ajCaRbFansøab;eTA

k¾ekItCarukçeTvtadl;RBmedayGanuPaB kñúgéRBvijN³¬1¦ EtPriya

EdlkMNaj;rbs;eK søab;ehIyekItCanageRbtenAkñ úgTIminq¶ayBI

TIenArbs;rukçeTvtaenaHÉg . nagCaeRbtGaRkat rUbragGaRkk; RtÚv

esckþIeRskXøanRKbsgát; eTAkan;smñak;rbs;PumµeTvtaenaH ehIy

eBalfa {nay ´minmansMBt; RtÚvesckþIeRskXøanRKbsgát;y:ag

éRkElgRtac;eTA elakcUr[sMBt; )ay nigTwkdl;´cuH} . Pumµ-

eTvta eTIbbeg¥an)ay nigTwkEdlCaTiBVdl;nageRbtenaH . eBl

nageRbtTTYlb:ueNÑaH k¾køayCamURt lamk xÞúH nigQam . sMBt;

sadkEdl[eTA eBlEdlnagesøókdNþb; k¾køayeTACabnÞHEdkeqH

rnÞal . nagesayTukçy:agxøaMg Tmøak;sMBt;enaHecal yMxSwkxSÜl

1¦ éRBkñúgPUmiPaKknþarmanpøÚvqøg . GPiFan manPñMvijN³Ca]bmadUecñH GaTic©Kmn-vieraeFn viruT§M QaytIti vieBaØa PñMTItaMgxagsþaMpøÚveKacrRBHGaTitü eQµaHfa vijN³ .


ehIyRtac;eTA .

sm½yenaHÉg manPikç úmYyrUbecjvsSaehIy edIreTAedIm,I

nwgKal;RBHsasþa eFVIdMeNIreTAdl;éRBvijN³ rYmCamYynwgBYkGñk

reTHBYkFM . BYkRkúmreTHedIrpø ÚveBlyb; evlaéf¶ eXIjRbeTs

mYykEnøgsm,Úredaymøb;RtQwgRtéQ nigTwkkñúgéRB eTIbQb;reTH

ehIysRmakmYyRsbk; . cMENkPikçúeKcecjeTABITIenaHbnþic eRBaH

R)afñaesckþIvievk RkalsgÇadIenARtg;Kl;eQIEdlbiT)aMgeday

éRB manmøb;RtQwgRtéQmYyedImehIyswg manragkayTn;exSay

eRBaHht;enOykñúgkaredIrpø ÚveBlyb; eTIblk;eTA . BYkGñkreTH

luHsRmakehIy k¾)aneFV IdMeNIrbnþ . Pikç úenaHenAminTan;PJak; .

luHevlal¶ac elakeRkakeLIgmineXIjBYkGñkreTHTaMgenaH eTIb

edIrpøÚvmYyepSg dl;TIenArbs;eTvtaenaHtamlMdab; . lMdab;enaH

eTvbuRtenaHeXIjPikçúenaHehIy k¾EkøgePTCabursmñak; cUleTArk eFVI

bdisNæar³ nimnþ[cUleTAkan;vimanrbs;xøÚn RbeKnePsC¢³ man

fñaMlabeCIgCaedIm ehIycUleTAGgÁúyCit . k¾sm½yenaH nageRbt


mkeBalfa {nay elakcUr[)ay Twk nigsMBt;sadkdl;´cuH} .

eTvbuRtenaH)an[vtßúTaMgenaHdl;nageRbtenaH . k¾rbs;TaMgenaH luH

nageRbtTTYl k¾køayeTACamURt lamk xÞúH Qam nigpÞaMgelah³

EdleqHrnÞalenaHÉg . Pikç úenaHeXIjdUecñaH ekItesckþItk;søút

eTIbsYreTvbuRtenaHeday 2 Kafafa

RsIeRbtenHsuIlamk mURt Qam nigxÞúH enH

Cavi)akénkmµGVI RsIeRbtenH kalmun)aneFVIkmµGV I

Tuk eTIbmanQam xÞúHCaPkSaCanic© sMBt;TaMgLay

EdlfµI nigs¥at Tn; brisuT§ maneramTn; Edl

elak[dl;RsIeRbtenH rEmgkøayCaCaelah³eTA

RsIeRbtenH)aneFVIkmµGV IT ukhñ+ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa kisS GyM vi)aeka ¬enHCavi)akén

kmµGV I¦ esckIþfa enHCavi)akénkmµGV I EdlRsIeRbtesayehIykñúg

eBlenH . bTfa GyM nu kw kmµmkasi narI ¬RsIeRbtenH)aneFVI

kmµGVI¦ esckþIfa kalmun RsIenH)aneFVIkmµGVITukhñ+ . bTfa ya sBVTa


elahitbuBVPkça ¬manQam nigxÞ úHCaPkSaCanic©¦ esckþIfa RsIenH

rEmgsIu KW briePaKQam nigxÞ úHb: ueNÑaHsBVkal . bTfa nvani

¬fµI¦ )andl; enAmankéRm KW R)akdkñúgxN³enaHÉg . bTfa suPani

ERbfa s¥at KW KYremIl . bTfa muTUni ¬Tn;¦ )andl; mansmösS

sb,ay . bTfa suT§ani ¬brisuT§¦ )andl; manvNÑ³brisuT§ .

bTfa elamsani ERbfa maneramTn; KW mansmösSsb,ay .

GFib,ayfa l¥ . bTfa Tinñani misSa kitka Pvniþ ¬Edlelak[

ehIydl;RsIeRbtenaH rEmgkøayCaEdkeTA¦ esckþIfa dUcCabnøa

Edlerogray KW dUcCaEpnelah³ . mü:ageTot )az³fa kIdka

Pvnþi dUecñHk¾man . GFib,ayfa {mansm,úrdUcxø ÜnstVecaHsIu} .

eTvbuRtenaHRtÚvPikç úenaHsYry:agenH kalnwgRbkaskmµEdl

nageRbt)aneFV Ikñ úgCatimun eTIbeBal 2 Kafafa

elakd¾ceRmIn kalmun RsIeRbtenHCaPriya

rbs;´ manesckþIkMNaj;sVitsVaj min[Tan nag

)aneCr nigpþasa´GñkkMBug[Tandl;smNRBahµN_


TaMgLayfa cUrsIulamk mURt Qam nigxÞúHEdl

mins¥at sBVkal lamk mURt Qam nigxÞ úHenaH

cUrCaGaharrbs;kñúgbrelak Epnelah³cUrCasMBt;

rbs;elak nagmkekItkñ úgTIenH eTIbsuIEtlamk

nigmURtCaedIm sBVkal eRBaHRbRBwtþGaRkk;dUecñH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa GTayika ¬min[Tan¦ )andl; man

RbRktImin[Tan sUm,IvtßúGVI² dl;nrNa² . bTfa mcärinI kTriya

¬manesckþIkMNaj;sVit¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa manesckþIkMNaj; eRBaH

CadMbUg manmnÞil KW esckþIkMNaj;CasPav³ nigeQµaHfa man

esckþIkMNaj;sVit eRBaHmankaresBerOy² nUvesckþIkMNaj;enaH

RbkbesckþIfa {nag)anCaGñkmanesckþIkMNaj; k¾eRBaHEtesckþI

kMNaj;sV itenaH} . \LÚvenH eTvbuRtkalnwgsEmþgesckþIEdl

nagCaGñkmanesckþIkMNaj;enaHÉg eTIbeBalBaküCaedImfa nag

)aneCr nigpþasa´CaGñkkMBug[Tan¦ . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa

ÉtaTisM ¬dUecñH¦ )andl; RbRBwtþvcITuc©ritCaedIm tamEdleBal


ehIyenaHÉg . bTfa \FaKta ¬mkekItkñúgTIenH¦ )andl; mkkan;

ebtelakenH KW cUldl;GtþPaBrbs;eRbt . bTfa cirrtþay

xaTti ¬suI>>> sBVkal¦ )andl; TMBasIuEtlamkb:ueNÑaH Gs;kal

yUr . BitehIy nageCredayGakarNa plk¾ekItedayGakarenaH

dUcKña nageCrcMeBaHCnNa BaküeCrenaHFøak;eTAkñúgTIdéTGMBICnenaH

KW ¬Føak;¦ mkelIxø ÜnÉg dUcGsnI)atFøak;cuHelIEpndI KW edayTI

bMput eBalKW ´ .

eTvbutþenaH luHsEmþgkmµEdlnageRbteFVITukkñúgCatimuny:ag

enHehIy eTIb)aneBalnwgPikçúenaHeTotfa {elakm©as;; k¾])ayGVI²

EdlnwgGac[nageRbtenHrYccakebtelak manEdrb¤} nigkalPikçú

enaHeBalfa {man} eTIbeBalfa {cUrsEmþgcuH elakm©as;} . Pikçú

eBalfa {ebIGñkfVayTancMeBaHRBHd¾manRBHPaK nigdl;RBHGriy-

sgÇ b¤dl;Pikç úr UbNamYyb:ueNÑaH ehIy]TÞis[nageRbtenH TaMg

nageRbtenH)anGnuemaTnaTanenaH edayGakary:agenH nagk¾nwg

rYcputGMBIesckþITukçenH)an} . eTvbuRt)ansþab;dUecñaH eTIb)anfVay


)ay nigTwkd¾RbNItdl;Pikç úenaH ehIy[TkçiNaenaH]TÞ isdl;nag

eRbtenaH . rMeBcenaHÉg nageRbtenaHmancitþr Ikray man\®nÞ iy

Rss;bs; )anCaGñksáb;sál;edayGahard¾CaTiBV . eTvbuRtenaH

)anfVayKUsMBt;CaTiBVkñ úgédrbs;Pikç úenaH ]TÞ iscMeBaHRBHmanRBH-

PaK ehIy]TÞisTkçiNaenaHdl;nageRbt . k¾kñúgxN³enaHÉg nag

dNþb;sMBt;TiBV eRKÓgRbdab;d¾CaTiBV RBmTaMgvtß úEdlKYrR)afñaTaMg

BYg )anCaGñkmancMENkeRbóbdUceTBGbSr . ÉPikç úenaHk¾)aneTA

dl;Rkúgsavtß Ikñ úgéf¶enaHÉg edayb£T§irbs;eTvbuRtenaH cUleTAkan;

RBHeCtBnehIy cUlKal;RBHmanRBHPaK fVaybgÁMehIy )anfVay

KUsMBt;sadkenaHÉg RkabTUlerOgenaH . sUm,IRBHmanRBHPaKRTg;

eFV IerOgenaH[CaGtßúb,tþ iehtu sMEdgFm’dl;bris½TGñkmkRbCMuKña .

eTsnaenaH)anCaRbeyaCn_dl;mhaCn dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa mhaebskareRbtTI 9

3


Gdðkza xløadiyebtvtæúTI 10

{ nayBaNiC[sMBt;dl;eRbt}

[10] kalRBHsasþaRbfab;enAkñúgRkúgsavtßI RTg;R)arB§nag

eRbtxløadiy³mñak; eTIbRtas;nUvBaküepþImfa ka nu Genþa vimansµw

dUecñH .

)anB¤fa kñúgGtItkal kñúgRkúgBaraNsI man®sþImñak;GaRs½y

rUbciBa©wmCIvit rUbrags¥at KYremIl KYrsresIr RbkbedayBN’sm,úr

d¾Rss;s¥at manrebobénsk;KYrmenarmü . BitehIy sk;rbs;

nagexµArelIb Evg l¥it Tn;elIµy s¥at mancug>geLIg EjkCaBIr

rMsay sMyugFøak;cuHdl;cegáH . BYkkMelaH² eXIjPaBRss;s¥at

énsréssk;rbs;nagenaH edayeRcInmancitþRbtiB½T§eTAelInag .

lMdab;enaH ®sþ I 2-3 nak; RtÚvesckþIRcENnRKbsgát; Gt;RTaMnwg

PaBRss;s¥aténsk;nagenaHBuM)an eTIbnaMKñaRbwkSa ykvtßútictYc

lYgelam®sþIbeRmIrbs;nagenaHÉg [RsIbeRmIykfña MEdlCaehtu

xlateRbt = Gdækfa xløadiyeRbt b¤ xløatiyeRbt/ xlat³ ERbfa TMEBk .

-113- Gdækfa ]rKvKÁ erOgxløadiyeRbtTI 10

eFVI[sréssk;rbs;nagRCúHeTA . )anB¤fa RsIbeRmIenaHRbkbfñaMenaH

CamYylMGitsRmab;gUtTwk kñúgevlanageTAgUtTwkkñúgTenøKgÁa k¾)an

[dl;nag . nageRbIfña MenaHeFV IKl;sk;[esIm ehIyRCmuCcuHkñ úg

Twk RKan;EtnagRCmuCeTAkñ úgTwkb: ueNÑaH sréssk;RBmTaMgb£s)an

RCúHGs;eTA . ÉsIrS³rbs;nagk¾rlIgdUcCaRteLakeXøak . lMdab;

enaH nagGs;sk;BIk,aledayRbkarTaMgBYg dUcCastVRBabRtÚvdk

eramk,al dUecñaH KYrs¥b;CaBnø wk eRBaHPaBxµaseGon eTIbminGac

cUleTAkñúgRkúg yksMBt;TTUk,alseRmckarenAkñúgTIkEnøgmYyxag

eRkARkúg luH 2-3 éf¶knøgeTA nag)at;PaBeGonxµas k¾RtLb;GMBI

TIenaH bukRKab;l¶ eFVIkarlk;eRbgl¶ niglk;sura ciBa© wmCIvit .

éf¶mYy kalCn 2-3 nak; RsvwgRsaedklk;sñiT§ nageTIblYcyk

sMBt;EdlCnTaMgenaHEdlesøókFUr² .

eRkaymkéf¶mYy nageXIjRBHefr³CaRBHxINaRsBmYyGgÁ

kMBugRtac;biNÐ)at nagk¾mancitþRCHføa eTIbnimnþelakeTAkan;pÞHxøÜn

[Kg;elIGasn³Edl)anRkalTuk k¾)anRbeKnemSAl¶kinpSMCamYy


eRbgl¶ . edIm,InwgGnueRKaHdl;nag RBHefr³eTIbTTYlRbeKnemSA

pSMedayeRbgl¶enaHqan; . nagmancitþRCHføa)anQr)aMgqRt . k¾

RBHefr³enaH kalnwgnaM[nagmancitþrIkray eTIbeFVIGnuemaTnaKafa

ehIyk¾ecosecjeTA . kñúgevlaEdlGnuemaTnaenaHÉg nagenaH

)antaMgesckþIR)afñafa {elakm©as; sUm[sréssk;rbs;´ Evg

l¥it Tn;elµIy nigmancug>geLIg} .

kaltmk nagk¾dl;kmµ eRBaHplénkmµEdllayKña eTIbekIt

CaRsIenAEtmñak;Égkñúgvimanmas kNþalmhasmuRT . sréssk;

rbs;nagseRmctamGakardUcnagR)afñaenaHÉg EteRBaHnaglYcyk

sMBt;rbs;BYkmnusSTaMgenaH eTIbnag)anCa®sþIGaRkat . nagekIt

erOy² kñúgvimanmasenaH Ca®sþIGaRkatGs;mYyBuT§nþr .

lMdab;enaH kalRBHmanRBHPaKCam©as;rbs;BYkeyIg esþc

]b,tþ ikñ úgelak RTg;RbkasnUvFmµckád¾bvr Rbfab;enAkñ úgRkúgsavtßI

edaylMdab; BYkBaNiCGñkRkúgsavtß I 700 nak; cuHsMeBAeTAkan;

mhasmuRT eq<aHeTAkan;suvNÑPUmi . navaEdlBYkQµÜjenaHdMeNIr


eTA RtÚvkmøaMgxül;bk;pat;[vilvl; RtLb;eTAxagenHxagenaH rhUt

dl;RbeTsEdlnagevmanikeRbtenaHenA . lMdab;enaH nagevma-

nikeRbtenaH eTIbsMEdgxø Ündl;BYkQµÜjTaMgenaH RBmTaMgviman .

BaNiCEdlCaRbFaneXIjdUecñaH kalnwgsYreTIbeBalKafafa

nagCanrNahñ+ enAxagkñúgvimanenH minecj

cakvimaneLIy Ennagd¾ceRmIn GeBa¢Ijnagecjmk

cuH BYk´nwgsUmeXIjnagEdlQrenAxageRkA .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa ka nu Genþa vimansµw tidænþI ¬nrNa

hñ+ enAxagkñ úgviman¦ esckþIfa nayBaNiCsYrfa {nagzitenAxag

kñúgviman CanrNahñ+ CaRsImnusS b¤GmnusS} . bTfa nUbnikçmi

¬minecj¦ esckþIfa nagminRBmecjBIvimanesaH . bTfa ]b-

nikçmsSú PeTÞ bsSam tM Bhidæ it M¬1¦ ¬Ennagd¾ceRmIn GeBa¢ Ijnag

ecjmkcuH BYk´nwgsUmeXIjnagEdlQrehIyxageRkA¦ esckþIfa

b¥ÚnRsI BYkeyIgsUmeXIjnag KW R)afñanwgeXIjnagecjmkxageRkA

eRBaHdUecñaH nagcUrecjGMBIvimancuH . )alIfa ]bnikçmsS PTÞenþ

1¦ bidk = bsSami tM mhiT§ ikM .


dUecñHk¾man GFib,ayfa {sUmesckþIceRmIncUrmandl;b¥ÚnRsIcuH} .

lMdab;enaH nagevmanikeRbtenaH kalnwgRbkasesckþIEdl

xøÜnminGacnwgecjeTAxageRkAdl;BaNiCenaH eTIbeBalKafafa

´ Ca®sþIGaRkatkay manEtsk;biT)aMgTuk

eGonxµasEdlnwgecjeTAxageRkA ´)aneFVIbuNüTuk

ticeBk .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa GdIþyami¬1¦ ¬eGonxµas¦ esckþIfa

´CaRsIGaRkatkay tantwgkñúgcitþ lM)aknwgecjeTAxageRkA . bT

fa hrayami ERbfa xµas . bTfa ekeshmði bdicänña ¬manEt

sk;biT)aMg¦ esckþIfa ´mansréssk;biT)aMg KW mansk;RKbrag

kay . bTfa buBaØ M em Gb,kM ktM ¬´)aneFV IbuNüTukticNas;¦

esckþIfa ´eFVIkuslkmµTuktic KW tictYc . GFib,ayfa {RtwmEt

RbeKnemSApSMedayeRbgl¶b: ueNÑaH .

lMdab;enaH QµÜjbMNg[sMBt;dNþb;rbs;xøÜndl;nagevma-

1¦ bidk = Gdþ iyami .


nikeRbtenaH eTIbeBalKafafa

EnnagGñkmanrUbs¥at eNðIycuH ńwg[sMBt;

dNþb;sac;l¥dl;nag cUrnagdNþb;sMBt;pÞa MgenHcuH

ehIycUrecjmkxageRkA GeBa¢ IjecjmkxageRkA

vimancuH ńwgsUmeXIjnagEdlQrenAxageRkA .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa hnÞ ERbfa GeBa¢ IjcuH . bTfa

]tþr IyM ¬sMBt;dNþb;sac;l¥¦ )andl; sMBt;dNþb;kay . GFi-

b,ayfa {sMBt;dNþb;} . bTfa TTami et¬1¦ ERbfa ńwg[dl;

nag . bTfa \TM TusSM nivasy ¬GeBa¢ IjnagdNþb;sMBt;enH¦

)andl; nagcUrdNþb;sMBt;pÞa MgenHrbs;ćuH . bTfa esaPeN

ERbfa EnnagGñkmanrUbs¥at .

k¾nayBaNiCluHeBaly:agenHehIy eTIbnaMyksMBt;dNþb;

rbs;xø ÜneTA[dl;nag . nagevmanikeRbt kalnwgsEmþgesckþI

EdlnayBaNiCRbKl;sMBt;dNþb;[y:agenaH minCakarGnueRKaHdl;

1¦ bidk = Tami et .


xøÜn nigkarEdlQµÜj[sMBt;dNþb;y:agenaH nwgseRmcRbeyaCn_

min)an eTIbeBal 2 Kafafa

sMBt;enaH sUm,Ielak[dl;édrbs;´xø ÜnÉg

edayédrbs;xø Ün k¾minseRmcRbeyaCn_dl;´ ebI

kñúgRbCuMCnenHman])askGñkmansT§a Casavkrbs;

RBHsmµasm<úT§ sUmelakcUr[dl;])askenaHesøók

dNþb;sMBt;Edlelaknwg[dl;´ ehIy]TÞiscMENk

kusl[´ kalelakeFVIy:agenaH ´eTIbnwg)anesøók

dNþb;sMBt;enHtamR)afña TaMgRbsBVnwgesckþIsux .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa hetßn hetß et TinñM n myðM ]b-

kb,ti ¬sMBt;enaHsUm,Ielak[dl;édrbs;´xø ÜnÉg edayédrbs;

elakk¾minseRmcRbeyaCn_dl;´¦ esckIþfa EnGñknirTukç sMBt;Edl

elakTukkñúgédrbs;´edayédrbs;elak rEmgminseRmc KW rEmgmin

ekItpl )andl; minKYrCaeRKÓg]bePaKdl;´ . bTfa Éestßú)a-

seka seT§a ¬kñúgBBYkCnenHman])askGñkmansT§a¦ esckþIfa Gñk


enHeQµaHfa ])ask eRBaHdl;RBHrtnRt½yCasrN³ nigeQµaHfa

GñkmansT§a eRBaHRbkbedaykareCOkmµ nigplénkmµ manehIykñúg

TIenH KW kñ úgRbCu MCnenH . bTfa ÉtM GcäaTyitVan mm TkçiN-

maTis ¬[])askenaHesøókdNþb;sMBt;Edlnwg[´ ehIy]TÞis

cMENkkusl[´¦ esckþIfa nayBaNiC [])askenaHesøókdNþb;

sMBt;Edlnwg[dl;´ ehIy[TkçiNaenaH KW btþiTanmy³ ]TÞis

dl;´ . bTfa tfahM suxita ehsSM ¬kalelakeFVIy:agenaH

´nwgRbsBVesckþIsux¦ esckþIfa kalelakeFVIy:agenaH ´k¾nwgman

esckþIsux esøókdNþb;sMBt;TiBV nwg)anTTYlesckþIsux .

BYkQµÜj)ansþab;dUecñaH eTIb[])askenaHgUtTwk niglab

RsLabehIy [esøóksMBt;mYypÞaMgdNþb;mYypÞaMg . RBHsgÁIti-

kacarüTaMgLaykalnwgRbkasesckþIenaH eTIb)aneBal 3 Kafa

fa

k¾BaNiCTaMgenaH júa Mg])askenaH[gUtTwk

[labedayeRKÓgRkGUb ehIy[esøókdNþb;sMBt;


]TÞiscMENkkusleTA[nagevmanikeRbtenaH kñ úg

Tan;EPñkenaHÉg vi)akrEmgekIteLIgdl;nagevmani-

keRbtenaH ePaCn eRKÓgesøókdNþb; nigTwkpwk

rEmgekIteLIg enHCaplénTkçiNa kñúglMdab;enaH

nagmansrIr³brisuT§ esøókdNþb;sMBt;d¾s¥at l¥

s¥atCasMBt;EdnkasI edIrjjwmecjmkGMBIv iman

Rbkasfa enHCaplénTkçiNa .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa tM ¬enaH¦ )andl; júaMg])ask

enaH . c sBÞ Cani)at . bTfa et ¬TaMgenaH¦ )andl; BaNiC

TaMgenaH . bTfa viliem,tVan¬1¦ ¬[lab¦ )andl; [labeCIg

edayeRKÓgRkGUbd¾l¥ . bTfa vetßhcäaTyitVan ¬[esøókdNþb;

sMBt;¦ esckþIfa [briePaKePaCnRBmTaMg)ay Edlsm,Úreday

BN’ kø in nigrs ehIy[esøókdNþb;sMBt; KW [esøókmYypÞaMg

dNþb;mYypÞaMg )andl; [sMBt; 2 pÞaMg . bTfa tsSa TkçiN-

1¦ bidk = vilim, it Van .


maTisuM ¬]TÞiscMENkkusl[nagevmanikeRbtenaH¦ )andl; ]TÞis

cMENkbuNüdl;nagevmanikeRbtenaH .

bTfa Gnu kñ úgbTfa smnnþranuTiedæ enH Cani)at . GFi-

b,ayfa {kñ úgrMeBcNa)aneXIjTkçiNaenaHÉg} . bTfa vi)aeka

]bbC¢f ¬vi)akrEmgekIteLIg¦ esckþIfa vi)ak KW plénTkiçNa

)anekIteLIgdl;nagevmanikeRbtenaH . edIm,IecosvagBaküsYrfa

{vi)akdUcemþc?} nagevmanikeRbteTIbeBalfa {ePaCn eRKÓgesøók

dNþb; nigTwkpwk ekIteLIgehIy} . GFib,ayfa {ePaCndUcCaePaCn

TiBVmanRbkarepSg² sMBt;dUcCasMBt;TiBV Edlrugeracn_edayBN’

eRcIny:ag nigTwkpwkmaneRcInRbePT plTaMgenHÉgrEmgekIteRBaH

TkçiNa} .

bTfa teta ¬lMdab;enaH¦ )andl; eRkayBIkar)anTTYlvtßú

manePaCnCaedImtamEdl)aneBalehIy . bTfa suT§a ¬brisuT §¦

)andl; manragkays¥ateRBaHkargUtTwk . bTfa sucivsna ¬)an

esøókdNþb;sMBt;s¥at¦ )andl; esøókdNþb;sMBt;d¾s¥atl¥ . bT


fa kasikutþmFarinI ¬s¥atl¥CagsMBt;EdleFVIkñ úgEdnkasI¦ )andl;

esøókdNþb;sMBt;sac;l¥ sUm,ICagsMBt;rbs;GñkEdnkasI . bTfa

hsnIþ ¬jjwm¦ esckþIfa nagevmanikeRbt jjwmjEjmecjmk

GMBIviman RBmTaMgkarRbkasfa {cUremIlcuHelakTaMgLay enHCa

plviessénTkçiNarbs;BYkelakCalMdab;dMbUg} .

lMdab;enaH BYkBaNiCenaH )aneXIjplbuNüedayRbckS

y:agenH eTIbekItnUvesckþIGs©arükñ úgcitþ EdlminFøab;manBImunmk

ekItesckIþeKarBrab;Gankñúg])askenaH naMKñaeFV IGBa¢likmµ cUleTA

GgÁúyCit])askenaH . cMENk])ask [BaNiCTaMgenaHRCHføakñúg

FmµkfaedayRbmaNéRkElg nig[taMgenAkñúgsrN³ nigsIl .

BYkBaNiCenaH eTIbsYrnUvbuBVkmµEdlnagevmanikeRbtenaH)aneFV ITuk

edayKafaenHfa

vimanrbs;nagl¥s¥at manrUbPaBEdlviciRt

edayl¥ PøWrugerOg EnnageTBFIta BYk´sYrehIysUm

nagcUrR)ab;cuHfa enHCaplénkmµGV I .


bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa sucitþrUbM ¬manrUbPaBviciRtl¥¦ )an

dl; manrUbPaBd¾viciRtEdleKtak;EtgTukedayl¥ehIy edayrUbdMrI

esH ®sþI nigbursCaedÍm nigedaymalakmµ nigltakmµCaedIm .

bTfa rucirM ¬l¥s¥at¦ )andl; KYrrIkray KYrsresIr . bTfa kisS

kmµsSiTM plM ¬enHCaplénkmµGV I¦ esckþIfa enHCaplrbs;kmµGVI

KW CaplénTanmy³ b¤énsIlmy³ .

nageTBFItaenaH RtÚvBYkQµÜjenaHsYry:agenHehIy kalnwg

R)ab;plkmµTaMg 2 y:agenaHfa {enHCaplénkuslkmµtictYcEdl

éFVITukCadMbUg EtsRmab;Gkuslkmµ nwgekItmandUecñHkñúgnrkteTA}

dUecñH eTIb)aneBalKafaTaMgLayfa

kalĆamnusS mancitþRCHføa )anRbeKnemSA

kinlayedayeRbg dl;PikçúEdlkMBugRtac;biNÐ)at

CaGñkesµaHRtg; ´k¾)anesayvi)akénkuslkmµenaH

kñ úgvimanenH Gs;kalyUr k¾plbuNüenH EtmYy

enHenAsl;tictYc knøg 4 Ex eTA ńwgcutiBIv iman


enH nwgeTAFøak;nrkd¾EsnekþA manRCúg 4 manTVar

4 rab;edaycMENk EdlEckehIy elamB½T§eday

kMEBgEdk RKbedayKRmbEdk épÞdIénnrkenaH suT§

ehIyedayEdkRkhm eqHCaGNþatePøIg Rbkbeday

esckþIekþA pSayeTA)an 100 eyaCnedayCuMv ij

taMgenAsBVkal ´nwgRtÚvesayTukçevTnakñúgnrkenaH

Gs;kalyUr k¾karesayTukçdUecñH Caplrbs;kmµ

GaRkk; eRBaHdUecñaH ´eTIbesakesAy:agxøaMgkøa Edl

nwgeTAekItkñúgnrkenaH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Pikç úena crmansS ¬Pikç úGñkRtac;

biNÐ)at¦ )andl; dl;PikçúGñkTmøaykieslmYyrUbkMBugRtac;biNÐ-

)at . bTfa eTaNinimµC¢n w ¬emSAEdllayedayeRbg¦ )andl;

nUvemSAkinmaneRbglayehIy . bTfa ]CuPUtsS ¬CaGñkesµaHRtg;¦

esckþIfa eQµaHfa dl;nUvPaBCaGñkesµaHRtg; eRBaHminmankiels

CaeRKÓgeFV I[ekagéncitþ . bTfa vib,senñn ectsa ¬mancitþRCH


føa¦ esckþIfa GñkmancitþRCHføal¥edaykareCOkmµ nigplénkmµ .

m GkSr kñúgbTfa TIXmnþrM enH eFV IkartbT . GFib,ay

fa {ry³kalyUr KW Gs;kald¾yUr} . bTfa tBa© Tani britþkM

¬plbuNüenaH EtmYyenHsl;tictYc¦ esckþIfa plbuNü 5 y:ag

\LÚvenH mantictYc KW enAsl;tic eRBaHvi)akénkmµmanplTMeCar

minyUreTk¾nwgXøatcakTIenHeTA . eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBal

fa {knøg 4 ExenHeTA ńwgcuticakvimanenH} dUecñHCaedÍm . nag

eRbtR)ab;fa {knøgGMBI 4 Ex KW kñúgExTI 5 bnÞab;GMBI 4 ExenHeTA

ńwgcuticakvimanenH} . bTfa ÉknþkdukM ¬EdlekþAd¾xøa Mg¦ esckIþ

fa nwgmanTukçedayBit eRBaHnwgRtÚvTTYlplEdlminKYrR)afñaEt

mü:agenaHÉg . bTfa eXarM ¬exøacpSa¦ ERbfa xøaMgkøa . bTfa

niryM ¬nrk¦ esckþIfa nrkEdl)annamfa niry³ eRBaHeFVIv ieRKaH

fa CaTIminmanesckIþceRmIn KW esckIþsux . bTfa bbtisShM

kat;bTCa bbtisSami GhM ¬ńwgFøak;nrk¦ . k¾elakeBalfa

manRCúg 4 dUecñHCaedIm edIm,InwgsEmþgnrkenaHedaysrub eRBaH


elaksEmþgdl;GvicImhanrk kñúgBaküfa nrk enH . bNþabT

TaMgenaH bTfa ctukáNÑM ¬manRCúg 4¦ )andl; man 4 mMu .

bTfa ctuTVarM ¬manTVar 4¦ )andl; RbkbedayTVar 4 cMENk kñúg

4 Tis . bTfa viPtþM ¬EbgEck¦ )andl; Eckedayl¥ . bTfa

PaKesa KW PaKeta ¬edaycMENk¦ . bTfa mitM ¬RbmaNKña¦

)andl; esµIKña . bTfa Geya)akarbriynþM )andl; elamB½T§

edaykMEBgEdleFVIGMBIEdk . bTfa Gysa bdikuC¢it M ¬RKbeday

KRmbEdk¦ )andl; biTEpñkxagelIedaybnÞHEdksuT§² .

bTfa etCsa yuta ¬RbkbedayesckþIekþA¦ )andl; man

GNþatePøIgeqHCab;Canic© edayKMnrePøIgd¾FMEdleqHRKb;Epñk . bTfa

smnþa eyaCnstM ¬rhUt 100 eyaCn_edayCuMvij¦ )andl; pSay

eTAdl; 100 eyaCn_ KW Gs; 100 eyaCn_ kñ úgRKb;TisxageRkA

edayCuMvijy:agenH . bTfa sBVTa ERbfa sBVkal . bTfa pritVa

tidæti ¬pSayeTAehIyzitenA¦ )andl; pSayeTAehIytaMgenA . bT

fa ttß ¬kñ úg>>> enaH¦ )andl; kñ úgmhanrkenaH . bTfa evTisSM


)andl; nwg)anTTYl KW nwg)anesay . bTfa plBa© )abkmµsS

¬Caplrbs;kmµGaRkk;¦ esckþIfa karesayTukçdUecñH enH Caplén

kmµGaRkk;Edl´)aneFV IT uk .

kalnageTBFItaenaH RbkasplénkmµEdlxøÜn)aneFVITuk nig

P½yEdlnwgFøak;nrkkñ úgGnaKty:agenHehIy ])askenaHmanesckþI

kruNadas;etOn[Kitfa {eNðIycuH eyIgnwgCaTIBwgrbs;nag} ehIy

eBalfa {mñalnageTBFIta nagseRmcesckþIR)afñaRKb;y:ag køay

CaGñkRbkbedaysm,tþid¾éRkElg edayGMNacTanrbs;eyIgEtmñak;

b: ueNÑaH Et\LÚvenH nag[Tandl;])askTaMgenHehIy rBJkdl;

KuNénRBHsasþa nwgrYcputGMBIkarekItkñúgnrk)an . nageRbtenaH

mancitþeRtkGrrIkray eBalfa {RbéBehIy} ehIy[])askTaMg

enaHEq¥tsáb;sál;eday)ay nigTwkEdlCaTiBV )an[sMBt;TiBV nig

EkveRcInRbePT . nag)anfVayKUsMBt;TiBV]TÞisRBHmanRBHPaK kñúg

édrbs;])askTaMgenaH ehIyeBalfa {bBiRtelakd¾ceRcIn nag

evmanikeRbtmñak;enH sUmepJIkarfVaybgÁMedaysIrS³eTobRBH)aTrbs;

RBHmanRBHPaK} dUecñHehIy eTIbeTAkan;Rkúgsavtß I ehIybBa¢ Únkar


fVaybgÁMeTAcMeBaHRBHsasþafa {sUmelakTaMgLay cUrfVaybgÁMRBH

sasþatamBakürbs;´cuH} nigkñúgéf¶enaHÉg nag)annaMyksMeBAenaH

eTActRtg;kMBg;Edl])askTaMgenaHR)afña eday\T§anuPaBrbs;xøÜn .

lMdab;enaH QµÜjTaMgenaH ecjcakkMBg;enaHehIy dl;Rkúg

savtßItamlMdab; cUleTAkan;RBHeCtBn fVayKUsMBt;enaHcMeBaHRBH

sasþa nig)an[RBHGgÁRTg;RCabdl;karfVaybgÁMrbs;nag ehIyRkab

TUlerOgenaH taMgGMBIedImcMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaK . RBHsasþaRTg;eFVI

erOgenaH[CaGtßúb,tþiehtuehIy RTg;sEmþgFm’edayBisþardl;bris½T

EdlmkRbCuMKñakñ úgTIenaH . RBHFmµeTsnaenaH )anCaRbeyaCn_dl;

mhaCnCaeRcIn . k¾kñ úgéf¶TI 2 ])askTaMgenaH)anfVaymhaTan

cMeBaHPikç úsgÇmanRBHBuT§CaRbFan ehIy]TÞiscMENkbuNüdl;nag

eRbtenaH . Énag)ancutiBIebtelakenaHehIy k¾eTAekItkñúgviman

mas kñúgPBCan;tavtþigS EdlrugerOgedayrtn³epSg² manRsIeTB-

GbSr 1>000 nak;Cabrivar .

cb;Gdækfa xløadiyebtvtßúTI 10

3

-129- Gdækfa ]rKvKÁ erOgnaKeRbtTI 11

Gdðkza naKebtvtæúTI 11

{ kmµeFV I[eTvta nigCaeRbt}

[11] kalRBHsasþaRbfab;enARBHeCtBn RTg;R)arB§eRbt

RBahµNeRbt 2 rUb eTIbRtas;BaküepþImCaedImfa bureta v esetn

belti htßina ¬bursmñak;brdMr IeTAxagmux¦ dUecñH .

)anB¤fa RBHsgáic©³ manGayu)an 7 xYb luHRBHGrhtþkñúg

xN³Edlekarsk;eRscehIyenaHÉg taMgenAkñúgPUmisameNr enA

GaRs½ykñúgdgéRBCamYyPikçúRbmaN 30 rUb hamesckþIsøab;Edl

mkdl;PikçúTaMgenaH BIkNþab;édrbs;BYkecar 500 nak; nigTUnµan

ecarTaMgenaHehIy [bBVC¢a )annaMeTAkan;smñak;RBHsasþa . RBH

sasþaRTg;sEmþgFm’dl;Pikç úTaMgenaH . kñúgevlacb;RBHFm’eTsna

PikçúTaMgenaHk¾)anseRmcRBHGrhtþ . lMdab;enaH RBHsgáic©³manvsSa

RKb; )an]bsm,TaehIy RBmTaMgPikç úTaMg 500 rUbenaH naMKñaeTA

kan;RkúgBaraNsI enAkñ úgéRB\sibtnmiKTayv½n . BYkmnusSTaMg

LaynaMKñacUleTArkRBHefr³ )ansþab;Fm’ehIy mancitþRCHføa )an

-13 0- brmtßTIbnI Gdækfa x uTÞknikay ebtvtßú

fVayGaKnþúkTanCaBYk² tamlMdab;pø Úv . kñúgbNþamnusSTaMgenaH

man])askmñak; )anbbYlBYkmnusSTaMgLaykñúgerOgnic©Ptþ mnusS

TaMgenaH )anepþImeFVInic©PtþtamkmøaMgsT§a .

k¾sm½yenaH kñ úgRkúgBaraNsI manRBahµNmicäaTidæ imñak;man

buRtRbús 2 nak; buRtRsI 1 nak; . kñúgbuRtTaMgenH buRtc,gman

])askCamitþ . ])askenaH naMbuRtc,grbs;RBahµNenaH eTArk

RBHsgáic©³ . RBHsgáic©³)ansEmþgFm’dl;eK eKk¾)anCaGñkmancitþ

Tn; . lMdab;enaH ])askenaHeBalnwgeKfa {GñkcUr[nic©Ptþdl;

Pikçú 1 rUbcuH} . buRtRBahµNeBalfa {BYkeyIgCaRBahµN_ minFøab;

fVaynic©Ptþdl;smNskübuRteLIy eRBaHdUecñaH eyIgnwgminGac

[)aneT} . ])askeBalfa {sUm,IeyIg Gñkk¾min[PtþxøHeTb¤?}

buRtRBahµNeBalfa {ehtuGVI ´nwgmin[} ])askniyayfa {ebI

dUecñaH vtßúEdlGñknwg[eyIg GñkcUrfVaydl;Pikç ú 1 rUbcuH} . eK

TTYlBaküehIy kñúgéf¶TI 2 )aneTAkan;vihartaMgBIRBlwm nimnþPikç ú

mk 1 rUb[qan;ehIy .


kalevlaknøgeTAy:agenH b¥ÚnRbús nigb¥ÚnRsIrbs;eKeXIj

karbdibtþirbs;PikçúTaMgLay nig)ansþab;Fm’ehIy manesckþIRCHføa

éRkElgkñúgRBHsasna RBmTaMgmanesckþIeRtkGrkñúgbuBaØkmµ . Cn

TaMg 3 nak;enaH kal[TantamkmøaMgRTBüy:agenH )aneFV Iskáar³

eKarBbUCasmNRBahµN_TaMgLay . cMENkmatabitarbs;BYkeK

CaGñkminmansT§a minmanesckþIRCHføa mineKarBkñúgsmNRBahµN_

mineGIeBI mineBjcitþkñúgkarbMeBjbuNü . BBYkjatieTIbmin)an

sUmekµgRsICaFItarbs;matabitaTaMgenaHmkedIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;buRt

rbs;«BukFM . k¾buRtrbs;»BukFMenaH sþab;Fm’kñúgsmñak;rbs;RBH

sgáic©³ehIy ekItesckþIsegVK k¾)anbBVC¢a eTAkan;pÞHrbs;mataxø Ün

edIm,Iqan;CaRbcaM . matalYgelamelakedayekµgRsIRkmuMmñak; Edl

CaFItarbs;bgRbúsxøÜn . eRBaHehtuenaH elakmanesckþIGpSúk

eTIbcUleTArkRBH]bCÄay_ R)ab;fa {elakm©as; ´nwgswk sUmelak

m©as;GnuBaØat[´swkcuH} . RBH]bCÄay_eXIjelakCaGñkdl;RBm

eday]bnisS½y eTIbeBalfa {sameNr sUmrg;caM 1 ExsincuH}


sameNrk¾TTYlBaküelakehIy luHknøgeTA)an 1 Ex eTIb)an

R)ab;[RCaby:agenaHeTot . RBH]bCÄayk¾eBaldEdleTotfa {caM

knøHExeTotcuH} . luHknøHExknøgeTA kalsameNreBaly:agenaH

eTot RBHefr³k¾eBalfa {caM 7 éf¶eTot} . sameNrk¾TTYlBakü

ehIy . kñúgGMLúg 7 éf¶enaH pÞHmþayFMrbs;sameNrEdlmandMbUl

nigCBa¢aMgcas;RTúDeRTam RtÚvxül;bk;e)ak nigePøógsaccUl k¾)ak;

rlMeTA . kñúgbNþaCnTaMgenaH RBahµN_ RBahµNI kUnRbús 2 nak;

kUnRsI 1 nak; RtÚvpÞH)ak;sgát;søab;TaMgGs; . kñúgCnEdlsøab;

eTAenaH RBahµN_ nignagRBahµNIk¾ekItkñúgkMeNIteRbt . kUnRbús

2 nak; kUnRsI 1 nak; ekItkñúgPumµeTvta . kñúgbuRtTaMgenaH buRt

c,gmandMrICaBahn³ . buRt TI 2 manrfTwmedayesHGsStr .

buRtRsIekItmanGRgwgmas CaeRKÓgEhhm . ÉRBahµN_ nignag

RBahµNI kan;ykdMbgEdkd¾FMmkvaysMBgKña . Rtg;kEnøgEdlvay

ehIy k¾ekItCabUsRbmaNb:unk¥mFM e)a:geLIgmYyrMeBc bUsk¾cas;

eBjehIyk¾EbkFøayeTA . RBahµN_ 2 nak;bþIRbBn§enaH k¾Ehk


bUsénKñanwgKña RtÚvesckþIeRkaFRKbsgát; KµanesckþIkruNa KMhk

edayvacaeRKatRKat naMKñapwkxÞúH nigQam TaMgminTTYlkarEq¥t .

lMdab;enaH sameNrRtÚvesckþIGpSúkrYbrwtkñ úgcitþ eTIbcUl

eTArkRBH]bCÄay_ R)ab;fa {elakm©as; ´knøgéf¶ebþCJaehIy ´nwg

RtLb;eTApÞH sUmelakm©as;GnuBaØat´cuH} . lMdab;enaH RBH]bCÄay_

eBalnwgelakfa {kñúgéf¶ 14 erac evlaRBHGaTitülic GñkcUrmk

cuH} dUecñHehIy )anedIreTAbnþic QrenAEpñkxageRkay\sibtn-

vihar . kñúgsm½yenaH eTvbuRtGgÁenaH RBmTaMgb¥ÚnRsI eFV IdMeNIr

qøgpøÚvenaHÉg edIm,Inwgbg¥ÜtsmaKmykS . cMENkÉmatabitarbs;

BYkeK naMKñakan;dMbg eBalvacaeRKatRKatrUbragexµA mansk;ke®nÞIg

esAhµgEvg dUcedImetñatEdlRtÚvePøIgeqH manxÞúH nigQamhUr man

xøÜnsÁmesøksøaMgeXIjKYr[ex<Im KYr[xøacéRkElg edIrtamBIeRkay

BYkbuRteTA .

lMdab;enaH RBHsgáic©³sEmþgb£T§ i[sameNrGacemIleXIj

BYkeKTaMgenaHEdlkMBugeFVIdMeNIreTATaMgGs; ehIyeBalnwgsameNr


fa {eXIjeT sameNr BYkeKTaMgenHkMBugeTA} . sameNrR)ab;

fa {eXIj elakm©as;} . RBHsgáic©³eBalfa {ebIdUecñaH GñkcUrsYr

dl;kmµEdlBYkeKTaMgenHeFVITukcuH} . sameNrsaksYrBYkCnEdl

eTAedayyandMrICaedIm tamlMdab; . CnTaMgenaHeBalfa {elak

cUrsYrBYkeRbtEdlmktameRkaycuH} . sameNreBalnwgeRbtTaMg

enaH edayKafaTaMgLayfa

GñkEdlCiHdMr IseTAxagmux GñkGgÁúyelIrf

TwmedayesHGsStreTAkNþal nagRsItUcCiHGRgwg

eTAxageRkay manBnøWPø WsVagTUeTATaMg 10 Tis É

GñkTaMgLay édkan;dMbgedIryM manmuxeCakeday

TwkEPñk manxøÜnekItEpøEbksBV GñkekItCamnusS)an

eFV IkmµGaRkk;GV IT uk GñkTaMgLaypwksuIelahiténKña

nwgKña eRBaHkmµGV I .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa bureta ¬xagmux¦ )andl; muneK

bg¥s; . bTfa esetn ¬s¦ )andl; s . bTfa belti ERbfa


edIreTA . bTfa meCÄ bn ¬kNþal¦ )andl; kñ úgcenøaHeTvbuRt

EdlCiHdMr I nigeTBFItaCiHGRgwg . RbkbesckþIfa bTfa GsSt-

rIrefn ¬rfTwmedayemesHGsStr¦ esckþIfa eTAedayrfTwmeday

emesHGsStr . bTfa nIyti¬1¦ ERbfa naMeTA . bTfa »Pas-

ynþi Ts sBVesa Tisa¬2¦ ¬beBa©jrsµIPøWsVagTUeTATaMg 10 Tis¦

esckþIfa beBa©jrsµIPø WsVagrugerOgTUeTATisTaMg 10 edayCuMvij

edayrsµIénsrIr³rbs;xøÜn nigedayrsµIénsMBt; nigeRKÓgGaPrN³Ca

edIm . bTfa muKÁrhtß)aNiena ¬édkan;dMbg¦ )andl; cMENkGñk

TaMgLaymanédkan;dMbg eRBaHmandMbgkñúgéd EdleKehAfa kan;

dMbg )atédenaHÉg mann½yEbøkecjeTA eRBaHsBÞfa htß³ ¬éd¦

eRBaH)anevaharfa )atéd kñúgkic©EdlnwgKb,IeFVIEpndI[exÞcCaedIm .

bTfa qinñbPinñKtþa ¬manxøÜnekItEpøEbk¦ )andl; manxø ÜnekItdMe)A

EbkkñúgTIenaH² edaykareRbIdMbgvay . bTfa bivat ERbfa Gñk

TaMgLaypwk suI .

bidk 1¦ niyüati / 2¦ »PasynþI Ts sBVeta Tisa .


eRbtTaMgenaH RtÚvsameNrsYry:agenaH eTIb)aneBaltb

erOgTaMgGs;enaH eday 4 Kafafa

GñkNaCiHdMr IsCatikBa¢rmaneCIg 4 eTAxag

mux GñkenaHCabuRtc,grbs;´TaMg 2 kalCamnusS

eK)anfVayTandl;PikçúsgÇ eTIb)anTTYlesckþIsux

rIkray GñkNaGgÁúyelIrfTwmedayemesHGsStr

4 k,al dMeNIreTAerobryRtg;kNþal GñkenaHCa

buRtkNþalrbs;´TaMg 2 kaleKCamnusS CaGñk

minkMNaj; CaTanbtId¾r ugerOg narIEdlmanbBaØa

manEPñkmUls¥atdUcRmwK GgÁúyelIGRgwgmkeRkay

eK narIenaHCaFItaeBArbs;´TaMg 2 nagmanesckþI

suxrIkray eRBaHcMENkénTanBak;kNþal kalmun

eKTaMg 3 nak; mancitþRCHføa )an[Tandl;smN-

RBahµN_TaMgLay cMENk´TaMg 2 CaCnkMNaj;

eCrRbeTcsmNRBahµNTaMgLay eKTaMgenH 3


nak;enH fVayTanehIy ¬)anTTYl¦ karbeRmIeday

kamKuNEdlCaTiBV cMENk´TaMg 2 sÁmsÁaMgehIy

dUcedImbbusEdleKkat;ecal dUecñaH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa bureta v eya Kcäti ¬GñkNaeTA

xagmux¦ esckþIfa bNþaGñkEdlkMBugeTATaMgenH GñkEdleTAxag

mux . )alIfa eya esa bureta Kcäti dUecñHk¾man . GFib,ay

fa {GñkEdleTAxagmuxenaH} . bTfa kuBa¢ern ¬kuBa¢r¦ )andl; dMrI

Edlmannamfa kuBa¢r eRBaHGtßfa júaMgépÞRbwfBI KW EpndI[Ebk b¤

eRBaHeRtkGr KW Rtac;eTAkan;PñMEdlsm,ÚredayesµA nigvlø×CaedIm .

bTfa naeKn ¬dMrI¦ )andl; eQµaHfa naK eRBaHCastVminKYrbMBar

bMBan minKYremIlgay . ¬eTA¦ edaydMrIsd¾RbesIrenaH . bTfa

ctukáemn )andl; maneCIg 4 . bTfa eCdæeka ¬c,g¦ )andl;

GñkekItmun .

bTfa ctuBÖi ¬4¦ )andl; edayemesHGsStr 4 k,al .

bTfa suvKÁietn ¬dMeNIrerobry¦ )andl; Edlmankarrt;eTAesµIl¥


KW sÞúHeTAy:agl¥ . bTfa miKmnÞelacna¬1¦ )andl; GñkmanEPñk

s¥atdUcEPñkRmwK . bTfa PaKDÆPaeKn )andl; eRBaHcMENkén

TanBak;kNþal KW eRBaHTanBak;kNþalGMBIcMENkénTanEdlxøÜn

)anehIyCaehtu . bTfa suxI ERbfa )anTTYlesckþIsux . Bit

ehIy Baküfa suxI enH elakeBaledayligÁvibløas .

bTfa briPaska ¬briPas¦ ERbfa GñkeCrRbeTc . bTfa

bricarynþi ¬TMnukbRmúg¦ esckþIfa CnTaMgenaH rEmgjúaMg\®nÞ iy

rbs;xøÜn[Rtac;eTAkñúgkamKuNEdlCaTiBVtamesckþIsux TaMgxagenH

TaMgxagenaH b¤júaMgCnCabrivar[eFVIkarbeRmIxø Ün edayvi)akCaeRKÓg

hUrecjmkénbuBaØanuPaBrbs;xøÜn . bTfa myBa© susSam neLav

qienña ¬cMENk´TaMg 2 sÁmsÁa MgehIy dUcedImbbusEdleKkat;

ecaldUecñaH¦ esckþIfa cMENk´TaMg 2 nak; sÁms§aMg dUcedIm

bbusEdleKkat;ecal KW EdleKe)aHecalkNþaléf¶ dUecñaH )an

dl; CaGñkhYtEhg edayesckþIeRskXøan nigedaykareRbIdMbg

1¦ bidk = miKmNÐelacna .


vayRbharKña .

eRbtTaMgenaH luHRbkasGMeBIGaRkk;rbs;xøÜny:agenHehIy

eTIbR)ab;fa {BYkeyIgCaG‘ MRbús nigG‘MRsIrbs;elak} . sameNr

)ansþab;dUecñaHehIy ekItesckþIsegVK kalnwgsYrfa {eFV IdUcemþc

hñ+ ePaCneTIbnwgseRmcdl;BYkCneFV IGMeBIGaRkk;EbbenH)an} eTIb

eBalKafaenHfa

GVICaePaCnrbs;Gñk GVICaTIedkrbs;Gñk mü:ag

eTot BYkGñkman)abRkas; júa MgGtþPaB[RbRBwtþ

eTAdUcemþc nigePaK³CaeRcInmanehIymintic ehtu

GVI GñkeTIbenOyNayesckþIsux )anTTYlesckþI

TukçrhUtsBVéf¶enH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa kw tumðakM ePaCnM ¬GVICaePaCnrbs;

Gñk¦ esckþIfa vtßúdUcemþc CaePaCnrbs;Gñk . bTfa kw syanM¬1¦

¬GVICaTIedk¦ esckþIfa vtß úGV ICaTIedkrbs;Gñk . GacarüBYkxøHeBal

1¦ bidk = kw synM .


fa kw syana dUecñHk¾man . GFib,ayfa {vtß úGV ICaTIedkrbs;Gñk

KW GñkedkelIdMeNkdUcemþc . bTfa kfBa© yaebf ¬júaMgGtþPaB

[RbRBwtþeTAy:agNa¦ esckþIfa etIGñkjúaMgGtþPaB[RbRBwtþeTA

edayRbkarGV I . )alIfa kf¿ eva yaebf dUecñHk¾man . GFi-

b,ayfa {GñkjúaMgGtþPaB[RbRBwtþeTAedayGakary:agNa} . bTfa

su)abFmµiena ¬Gñkman)abRkas;¦ )andl; Gñkman)abFm’ edayl¥

KW y:agéRkElg . bTfa bhUtePaeKsu ¬kalePaK³mand¾eRcIn¦

esckþIfa kalePaK³rkTIbMputKµan KW eRcInéRkElg manehIy .

bTfa Gnb,eksu ERbfa mintic KW eRcIn . bTfa suxM viraFay¬1¦

¬enOyNayesckþIsux¦ )andl; enOyNay KW mineRtkGrnwg

esckþIsux eRBaHmineFVIbuNüEdlCaehtu[ekItesckþIsux . Gacarü

BYkxøHeBalfa suxsS viraeFn k¾man . bTfa TukçC¢ btþa ¬)an

TTYlEtesckþITukç¦ esckþIfa éf¶enH KW \LÚvenH Gñk)anTTYlesckþI

TukçEdlrab;cUlkñúgkMeNIteRbtenH .

1¦ bidk = suxM viraKay .


eRbtTaMgLay RtÚvsameNrsYrey:agenaHehIy kalnwg

eqø IyRbkarEdlsameNrsYr eTIb)anPasitKafa 5 Kafafa

´TaMg 2 vaynUvKñanwgKña ehIypwkxÞ úH nig

Qamrbs;Kñan wgKña )anpwkxÞ úH nigQamCaeRcIn k¾

enAmin)at;eskþIR)afña manesckþIeRskXøan Canic©

stVTaMgLaymin)an[Tan lHeTAehIy ekItkñ úg

ymelak rEmgesakesA dUc´TaMg 2 dUecñaH stV

BYkNa )anRbsBVePaK³epSg² ehIymineRbIR)as;

xø ÜnÉg mineFV IbuNü stVBYkenaH nwgRtÚveRskXøan

kñ úgbrelak eRkaymk RtÚvesckþIeRskXøandut[

eqHGs;kalyUr luHeFV IkmµTaMgLaymanpld¾ekþA

manTukçCakéRmehIy rEmg)anesayTukç bNÐitdwg

RTBü nig)ayCarbs;tictYc dwgCIv itrbs;stVTaMg

Lay kñúgmnusSelakenH Carbs;tictYc dwgRTBü

)ay nigCIv itrbs;mnusSmantic faCarbs;tictYc


ehIy Kb,IeFV ITIBwgrbs;xø Ün CnBYkNaCaGñkQøas

kñúgFm’ mkdwgc,as;y:agenH CnTaMgenaHeQµaHfa

minRbmaTkñúgTan eRBaH)ansþab;BaküTUnµanrbs;RBH

GrhnþTaMgLay .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa n qata eham ¬enAmin)at;esckþI

R)afña¦ esckþIfa ´enAminTan;)at;eskþIR)afña KW enAminTan;Eq¥t .

bTfa ncäaTimðes ¬mankareRskXøanCanic©¦ ERbfa enAminEq¥t KW

minjúaMgesckþIeBjcitþ[ekIteLIg . GFib,ayfa {BYkeyIgmin)an

pwkxÞ úH nigQamenaHtamesckþIeBjcitþrbs;xøÜn} . bTfa \ec©v

pøas;Ca Évemv ¬ERbfa dUecñaHenaHÉg¦ . bTfa mc©a brieTvynþi

¬stVTaMgLayrEmgesakesAehIy¦ esckþIfa BYkmnusSsUm,IdéT

EdleFVI)abTuk rEmgesakesA xSwkxSÜl dUcBYkeyIg . bTfa GTa-

yka ¬min[Tan¦ )andl; CaGñkmin[CaRbRktI KW CaGñkkMNaj; .

bTfa ymsS zayiena ¬ekItkñúgymelak¦ )andl; CaGñkmanRbRktI

1¦ bidk = ncäaTimðmðes .


taMgenAkñúgsßanénesþcymraC EdleKdwgfa ymelak KW kñúgebt-

vis½y . bTfa ey et viTic©¬1¦ GFiKmµ ePaeK ¬stVBYkNa)an

RbsBVePaK³epSg²¦ esckþIfa CnBYkNa )anCYbRbsBV KW )an

TTYlePaK³epSg² EdlCaesckþIsuxviesskñúgkal\LÚvenH nigkñúg

kalteTA . bTfa n PuBa¢er nabi keranþ i buBaØ M ¬mineRbIR)as;Ég

TaMgmineFVIbuNü¦ esckþIfa rEmgminbriePaKsUm,IedayxøÜnÉg dUcBYk

eyIg kalnwg[dl;CnBYkdéT k¾mineFVIbuNüEdlseRmcedayTan .

bTfa et xub,i)asUbKta brtß ¬stVTaMgenaHnwgRtÚveRskXøan

kñúgbrelak¦ esckþIfa stVTaMgenaHnwgRtÚvesckþIeRskXøanRKbsgát;

kñ úgelakxagmux KW kñ úgbrelak )andl; kñ úgebtvis½y . bTfa

cir M Qayer¬2¦ Dyðmana ¬RtÚvesckþIeRskXøandut[eqHGs;kal

yUr¦ esckþIfa RtÚvePø Ig KW Tukç EdlmanesckþIeRskXøanCaedIm

Caehtu KW RtÚvePøIg KW esckþIekþARkhayEdlRbRBwtþeTAedayn½y

CaedImfa {BYkeyIgmin)aneFVIkuslTukeLIy eFVIEtesckþIGaRkk;} dUecñH

bidk 1¦ ey et vir ic©a >>> . 2¦ cir M Qariey>>> .


dut[eqHehIy KW vinasehIy . bTfa GnuePanþi TukçM kdukbölani

¬luHeFVIkmµTaMgLaymanpld¾ekþA rEmg)anesayTukç¦ esckþIfa Cn

BYkenaHluHeFVI)abkmµ EdlmanplminKYrR)afñaehIy rEmgesayTukç

KW TukçEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñ úgG)ayGs;kalyUr .

bTfa \tþr M ¬Carbs;tictYc¦ esckþIfa mintaMgenAGs;kal

yUr KW mineTog manesckþIERbRbÜleTACaFmµta . bTfa \tþrM \F

CIvitM ¬CIvitrbs;stVTaMgLaykñúgmnusSelakenHCarbs;tictYc¦ esckþI

fa sUm,ICIvitrbs;stVTaMgLaykñúgmnusSelakenH Carbs;tictYc

KW tictYc )andl; manRbmaNtic . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaK

eTIbRtas;fa {CnNars;enA)anyUr CnenaHk¾rs;enARtwmEt 100 qñaM

b¤elIstictYc} . bTfa \tþrM \tþreta jtVa ¬dwgRTBü )ay nig

CIv itmnusSmantictYc faCarbs;tictYc¦ esckþIfa BicarNaeday

bBaØafa {eRKÓg]bkrN_manRTBü nigFBaØaharCaedIm nigCIvitrbs;

mnusSTaMgLay mantictYc KW mantictYc manedayCYrxN³ )an

dl; minyUr . bTfa TIbM kyiraf bNÐieta ¬bNÐitKb,IeFVITIBwg¦


esckþIfa bursGñkmanbBaØa Kb,IeFVIekaH KW TIBwgrbs;xøÜn[CaTItaMg

GaRs½yénhitsuxkñúgbrelak . bTfa ey et ÉvM bCannþ i ¬Cn

BYkNadwgc,as;y:agenH¦ esckþIfa CnTaMgLayNa rEmgdwgtam

esckþIBitfa ePaK³ nigCIvitrbs;mnusSTaMgLay Carbs;tictYc .

CnTaMgenaH rEmgminRbmaTkñúgTansBV² kal . bTfa sutVa GrhtM

veca ¬eRBaH)ansþab;BaküTUnµanrbs;RBHGrhnþ¦ esckþIfa )ansþab;

BaküTUnµanrbs;RBHGrhnþTaMgLay KW rbs;RBHGriy³TaMgLay man

RBHBuT§CaedIm . GFib,ayfa {eRBaHsþab;} . Baküd¾essR)akd

c,as;ehIy .

eRbtTaMgenaH RtÚvsameNrsYrehIyy:agenH eTIbR)ab;esckþI

enaH ehIyRbkasfa {BYkeyIgCaG‘ MRbús nigG‘MRsIrbs;elak} .

sameNr)ansþab;dUecñaHehIy ekItesckþIsegVK k¾benÞabg;esckþI

GpSúkenaHecj RkabsIrS³cuHeTobeCIgTaMg 2 rbs;RBH]bCÄay_ehIy

eBaly:agenHfa {bBiRtelakm©as;d¾ceRmIn RbkarEdlelakm©as;

GñkGnueRKaH GaRs½yesckþIkruNaKb,IeFVIenaH CakarEdlelakm©as;


eFVIehIydl;´ ´nwgrkSaTukedaymin[Føak;eTAkan;esckþIvinasCadac;

xat \LÚvenH ´\tmanesckþIRtÚvkaredaykarRKb;RKgpÞHeToteLIy

´nwgeRtkGrd¾éRkElg kñúgkarRbRBwtþRBhµcriy³} . lMdab;enaH RBH

sgáic©³ )anR)ab;kmµdæand¾smKYrdl;GFüaRs½yrbs;sameNrenaH .

sameNrenaH BüayamRbkbRBHkmµdæan minyUrb: unµank¾)anseRmc

RBHGrhtþ . cMENkRBHsgáic©³ )anRkabTUlerOgenaHcMeBaHRBH-

manRBHPaKehIy . RBHGgÁRTg;eFV IerOgenaH[CaGtßúb,tþiehtu RTg;

sEmþgFm’edayBisþardl;bris½TEdlmkRbCuMKñakñúgTIenaH . RBHFmµ-

eTsnaenaH )anCaRbeyaCn_dl;mhaCn dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa naKebtvtßúTI 11

3

-147- Gdækfa ]rKvKÁ erOg]rKeRbtTI 12

Gdðkza órKebtvtæúTI 12

{ mky:agNa eTAy:agenaH}

[12] RBHsasþa kalRbfab;enAkñúgRBHvihareCtBn RTg;)an

R)arB§nUv])askmñak; eTIbRtas;BaküepþImfa ]reKav tcM CiNÑM ¬butþ

rbs;eyIglHragkayEdlRKaMRKarbs;xø ÜneTA¦ dUecñH .

)anB¤fa kñ úgRkúgsavtß I buRtrbs;])askmñak; )andl;kmµ

ehIy . eRBaHehtuEdlbuRtsøab; ])askenaHeTIbdl;esckþIesak

xSwkxSÜlyMecjmkxageRkA minGaceFVIkargarGV I² )an eTIbsm¶MenA

EtkñúgpÞHb: ueNÑaH . luHkñúgevlaeTobPøW RBHsasþaecjcakRBHmha

kruNasmabtþi RTg;RtÜtemIlelakedayBuT§ckç ú RTg;eXIj])ask

enaH kñúgevlaRBwkeLIg RTg;Rbdab;)aRt nigcIvrehIy )anesþcyag

eTAkan;pÞHrbs;])askenaH Rbfab;QrenARtg;TVar . cMENk])ask

enaHRCabfa RBHbrmsasþaesþcyagmk eTIbRbjab;eRkakeLIg eTA

fVaykarTTYl ehIyTTYl)aRtGMBIRBHhsþ GaraFnaesþcyagcUl

kñúgpÞH [eKRkalGasn³fVay . RBHmanRBHPaKRbfab;Kg;elIGasn³


EdleKRkalfVayehIy . É])askRkabfVaybgÁMRBHmanRBHPaKrYc

ehIy k¾GgÁúykñúgTId¾smKYrmYy . RBHmanRBHPaKRtas;nwg])ask

enaHfa {])ask ehtuGVIeTIbR)akddUcCaesakesAemø:H} . ])ask

RkabTUlfa {kruNaRBHGgÁ bBiRtRBHmanRBHPaK buRtCaTIRsLaj;

rbs;´RBHGgÁ)ansøab; eRBaHehtuenaH ´RBHGgÁeTIbesayesak} .

lMdab;enaH RBHmanRBHPaKkalnwgbenÞabg;esckþIesakrbs;eK eTIb

Rtas;nUv]rKCatkfa ½

)anB¤fa kñúgGtItkal kñúgRkúgBaraNsI EdnkasI manRtkUl

RBahµNeQµaHfa Fmµ)al³ . kñúgRtkUlRBahµNenaH manCnTaMg

enH KW RBahµN_ RBahµNI buRt FIta kUnRbsaRsI nigTasI

CnTaMgGs;enaHmanesckþIeRtkGrkñ úgkarceRmInmrNsSti . bNþa

CnTaMgenaH GñkEdlnwgecjGMBIpÞH Etg[»vaTdl;Gñkd¾ess min

manGal½yehIyecjeTA . éf¶mYy RBahµN_ nigbuRt ecjcakpÞH

eTAP¢ ÜrERs . buRtdutesµA søwkeQI nigeQIgab;² ehIy . Bs;

mYyk,alkñúgTIenaH ecjGMBIRBg;eQI eRBaHxøacRtÚvePøIgeqH eTIbxaM


buRtmñak;enHrbs;RBahµN_enaH . eKk¾dYlsnøb;eTA eRBaHkmøaMgBis

ehIydac;xül;Rtg;TIenaHÉg søab;ehIy ekItCaskáeTvraC . RBahµN_

eXIjbuRtsøab;ehIy eTIbniyaynwgbursmñak; EdledIreTACitTIeFVI

kary:agenHfa {smøaj;eGIy GñkcUreTApÞHrbs;eyIg ehIyR)ab;nag

RBahµNIy:agenHfa cUrgUtTwk esøókdNþb;sMBt;s kan;ykPtþ nig

páa eRKÓgRkGUbCaedIm sRmab;mnusSmñak; ehIycUrRbjab;mk} .

bursenaHeTAkan;pÞHenaHehIy R)ab;[RCaby:agenaH . cMENkCn

kñúgpÞHk¾)aneFVItamy:agenaH . RBahµN_ gUtTwk briePaKGaharehIy

labedayeRKÓgRkGUb manCnCabrivarecameram elIkragkayrbs;

butþdak;elIeCIgfár rYcdutePø Ig minesakesA minxSwkxSÜl )anQr

mnsikardl;Gnic©sBaØa dUcdutGgát;]s .

lMdab;enaH buRtrbs;RBahµN_ EdlekItCaskáeTvraC . nig

esþcská³enaH k¾)anCaRBHeBaFistVrbs;eyIgTaMgLay . RBHGgÁ

RTg;BicarNabuBVCatirbs;RBHGgÁ nigbuNüEdl)aneFV IT uk kalnwg

GnueRKaHbita nigBYkjati eTIbEkøgePTCaRBahµN_mkkñúgTIenaH eXIj


BYkjatiminesakesA eTIbRtas;fa {elakkMBugdutRmwK cUr[sac;

dl;´xøHmk ´XøanNas;} . RBahµN_eBalfa {minEmnRmwK EtCa

mnusS RBahµN_} . skáeTvraCRtas;fa {GñkenHCasRtÚvrbs;BYk

elakb¤?} RBahµN_eBalfa {minEmnsRtÚveT eKCabuRtenAekµgv½y

manKuNeRcIn Ca»rsekItecjGMBIRTÚg} . skáeTvraCRtas;fa {kal

buRtv½yekµgmanKuNEbbenHsøab;eTA ehtuGV IBYkelakeTIbminesak

esAhñ+?} . RBahµN_)ansþab;dUecñaH kalnwgR)ab;nUvehtuEdlmin

esakesAeTIbeBal 2 Kafafa

butþrbs;eyIg lHbg;ragkayEdlRKaMRKarbs;

xø ÜneTA dUcBs;sksMNkcas; dUecñaH kalsrIr³

énbutþrbs;eyIgeRbIR)as;min)an lHbg;eTAehIy man

kal³EdleFVIehIyy:agenH butþrbs;eyIgRtÚvBYk

jatidutehIy rEmgmindwgdl;karyMrbs;jatiTaMg

Lay eRBaHdUecñaH eyIgeTIbminesakesAdl;eK Kti

Narbs;eKmanehIy eKk¾)aneTAkan;KtienaHÉg .


bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa ]reKa ¬Bs;¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa

]rK³ eRBaHeTAedayRTÚg . bTfa ]reKa enH CaeQµaHrbs;Bs; .

bTfa tcM CiNÑM ¬sMNkcas;¦ )andl; Es,k KW sMNkrbs;xøÜn

EdlRKaMRKa KW cas; eRBaHPaBRTúDeRTam . bTfa hitVa Kcäti

snþnMu ¬lHbg;ragkayrbs;xøÜneTA¦ esckþIfa Bs;lHbg;sMNkcas;

rbs;xø Ünecal kñúgcenøaHedImeQI kñ úgcenøaH]s kñúgcenøaHKl;eQI

b¤kñúgcenøaHpÞaMgfµ dUcmnusSedaHGav ehIyeTAtamesckþIRtÚvkar y:ag

Na stVEdlvilvl;kñúgsgSar k¾y:agenaHdUcKña lHbg;ragkay

rbs;xø Ün KW srIr³rbs;xø Ün EdleQµaHfa Carbs;RKaMRKa eRBaHkmµ

cas;Gs;eTA KW eTAtamkmµ . GFib,ayfa {]b,tþikñúgPBfµI} RBahµN_

kalnwgsEmþgdl;ragkayrbs;buRtEdlkMBugnaMKñadut eTIbeBalfa

y:agenH dUecñHCaedIm . bTfa srIer nieBÖaeK ¬kalsrIr³eRbI

R)as;min)an¦ )andl; kalragkaysUm,Irbs;CndéTEdleRbIR)as;

min)any:agenH k¾minekItRbeyaCn_ dUcragkayrbs;buRtenH . bT

fa ebet ¬lHbg;eTAehIy¦ )andl; R)ascakGayu ePø IgFatu nig


viBaØaN . bTfa kalket sti ¬mankal³EdleFVIehIy¦ )andl;

søab;eTAehIy . bTfa tsµa ¬eRBaHdUecñaH¦ esckþIfa eRBaHragkay

EdlRtÚvdut rEmgmindwgdl;karyM TaMgesckþIxSwkxSÜlrbs;BYkjati

dUcbuRtrbs;eyIg mindwgesckþITukçEdlekItGMBIkardut eRBaHR)as

cakviBaØaN eRBaHdUecñaH eyIgeFV IbuRtenHrbs;eyIg[Caehtu eTIb

minyM . bTfa Keta esa tsS ya Kti ¬KtiNarbs;eKman

ehIy eKk¾)aneTAkan;KtienaH¦ esckþIfa RbsinebIstVTaMgLayEdl

søab;eTAehIy minsUnüesat ebIdUecñaH Gñksøab;Kb,IR)afñaKtiNa

edayGMNackmµEdlman»kas)aneFVITuk eKk¾eTAkan;KtienaH bnÞab;

GMBIcutienaHÉg . GFib,ayfa eKrEmgminR)afñakaryM b¤esckþIxSwk

xSÜlrbs;BYkjatikñúgCatimun TaMgkaryMrbs;BYkjatikñúgCatimun k¾

minseRmcRbeyaCn_GV IeLIy .

kalRBahµN_)aneBaldl;ehtuEdlxøÜnminesak kal)an

Rbkasdl;karQøaskñúgmnsikaredaybriyayy:agenHehIy ská-

eTvraCEdlmkkñúgrUbragCaRBahµN_ k¾Rtas;nwgnagRBahµNIfa {Em:


m©as; Gñksøab;eTAenaHCaGV Inwgnag?} RBahµNIeBalfa {nay eKCa

buRtrbs;´ ´rkSaKP’Gs; 10 Ex [pwkTwkedaH bI)ac;fñak;fñméd

nigeCIg rhUtdl;FM} . skáeTvraCRtas;fa {ebIdUecñH BIdMbUgbita

minyM eRBaHeKCamnusSRbús EtFmµta mataEtgEtmancitþeTarTn;

eRBaHehtuGV I nageTIbminyM?} nag)ansþab;dUecñaH kalnwgR)ab;nUv

ehtuEdlminyM eTIbeBal 2 Kafafa

buRtrbs;´enH ´min)anGeBa¢Ijmk k¾mkehIy

GMBIbrelakenaH ´min)anGnuBaØat[eTA k¾eTAehIy

GMBImnusSelakenH eKmky:agNa eKk¾eTAy:agenaH

ehtuGVIca M)ac;RtÚvyM kñ úgkareTAGMBIelakenHrbs;eK

hñ+ buRtrbs;´RtÚvBYkjatidutehIy rEmgmindwgdl;

karyMrbs;jatiTaMgLay eRBaHdUecñaH ´eTIbminyM

dl;buRtenaH KtiNarbs;eKmanehIy eKk¾eTAkan;

KtienaHÉg .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa GnBÖieta ¬min)anGeBa¢ Ijmk¦ )an


dl; min)anehAmk KW min)anERskehAy:agenHfa {GñkcUrmkCabutþ

rbs;eyIgcuH} . bTfa teta ¬GMBIbrelakenaH¦ )andl; cakbr-

elakEdleKFøab;enAkñúgkalmun . bTfa GaKa ERbfa mkehIy .

bTfa nanuBaØaeta ¬min)anGnuBaØat¦ )andl; min)anGnumti KW BYk

eyIgmin)anbeNþay[eTAy:agenHfa {cUreTAbrelakcuHkUn} . bTfa

\eta eyaK³fa ¬Rbkbfa¦ \Felaketa ERbfa GMBIelakenH . bT

fa Keta ¬eTAehIy¦ KW eTAR)asehIy . bTfa yfaKeta ¬mk

y:agNa¦ )andl; mkehIyedayGakarNa . GFib,ayfa {BYk

eyIgmin)anehA k¾mk} . bTfa tfa Keta ¬eTAy:agenaH¦ )andl;

eTAehIy edayGakarenaHdUcKña . RBahµNIsEmþgdl;kmµEdlbutþ

enaHeFVIfa {eKmkedaykmµrbs;xøÜnÉg y:agNa eKk¾eTAedaykmµ

rbs;xø ÜnÉg y:agenaH} . bTfa ttß ka brieTvna ¬ehtuGVIn wg

caM)ac;yMkñúgkareTAGMBIelakenH¦ esckþIfa ehtuGV IeTArvl;nwgkar

yM eRBaHGaRs½yesckþIsøab;kñ úgkarGenÞaleTAkñ úgsgSar Edlmin

enAkñúgGMNacy:agenH . RBahµNIsEmþgfa {karyMERskenaH min


smKYr GñkmanbBaØaminKb,IeFV IeLIy} .

skáeTvraC luHRTg;)ansþab;Bakürbs;nagRBahµNIy:agenH

ehIy eTIbsYrb¥ÚnRsIrbs;eKfa {Ennag etIeKCaGVInwgnagEdr?} b¥Ún

RsItbfa {eKCabgRbúsrbs;ńay} . skáeTvraCsYrfa {Ennag

Fmµtafa b¥ ÚnRsIEtgRsLaj;bgRbús cuHehtuGV I nageTIbminyM?}

cMENknag kalnwgR)ab;ehtuEdlminyM eTIbeBal 2 Kafafa

RbsinebIýM ńwgCaGñksÁm plGVIn wgKb,I

mandl;´ kñúgkaryMenaH karminsb,aycitþ k¾nwg

Kb,Imandl;jatimitþ nigsMLaj;TaMgLayrbs;BYk

eyIgy:agéRkElg bgRbúsrbs;´RtÚvBYkjatidut

ehIy rEmgmindwgdl;karyMrbs;jatiTaMgLay eRBaH

dUecñaH éTIbminyMdl;bgRbúsrbs;´ KtiNarbs;

eKmanehIy eK)aneTAkan;KtienaHÉg .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa sec eraeT kisa GsSM ¬Rbsin

ebIýMk¾nwgCaRtÚvsÁm¦ esckþIfa RbsinebIńwgKb,IyM ´k¾nwgeTA


CasÁaMgsÁm manragkaysVitRseBan . bTfa ttß em kw plM

siya ¬plGVInwgKb,Imandl;´kñúgkaryMenaH¦ esckþIfa nwgmanpl

nwgmanGanisgSGVI kñ úgkaryM eRBaHkarsøab;rbs;bgRbús´Caehtu

enaH . GFib,ayfa {bgRbúsrbs;´k¾nwgminKb,Imk eRBaHkaryM

enaH TaMgeKk¾nwgmineTAkan;suKti eRBaHkaryMenaHEdr} . bTfa

jatimitþsuhC¢anM Pieyüa ena GrtI siya ¬karminsb,aycitþk¾

nwgKb,Imandl;jati mitþ nigsMLaj;TaMgLayrbs;BYkeyIgCay:ag

éRkElg¦ esckþIfa karminsb,aycitþ KW esckþIlM)akb:ueNÑaH sUm,I

éRkElgCagesckþIT ukçeRBaHkarsøab;rbs;bgRbús nwgKb,Imandl;

jati mitþ nigsmøaj;rbs;BYkeyIg eRBaHesckþIesakrbs;´ .

skáeTvraCRTg;)ansþab;Bakürbs;b¥ÚnRsIy:agenaHehIy eTIb

eBalnwgPriyarbs;eKfa {nagCaGVInwgeK?} nagtbfa {eKCasVamIrbs;

nag´ nay} . skáeTvraCRtas;fa {nagd¾ceRmIn Fmµta®sþIrEmg

manesckþIesñhakñ úgsVamI É®sþINaykñúgsVamIenaH rEmgCamnusS

\tTIBwg eRBaHehtuGVI nageTIbminyM?} cMENknag kalnwgR)ab;ehtu


EdlxøÜnminyM eTIbeBal 2 Kafafa

CnNaesakdl;GñkEdlsøab;eTAehIy Cn

enaH k¾eRbóbdUcCaTarkyMTarRBHc®nÞEdlcreTAkñ úg

Gakas dUecñaH sVamIrbs;´RtÚvBYkjatidutehIy k¾

mindwgdl;karERskyMrbs;BYkjati eRBaHehtuenaH

´eTIbminyMdl;eK KtiNarbs;eKmanehIy eKk¾eTA

kan;KtienaHÉg .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Tareka ¬Tark¦ )andl; ekµgtUc .

bTfa cnÞM ¬RBHcnÞ¦ )andl; RBHcnÞ . bTfa KcänþM ¬eKacr¦ )an

dl; creLIgkan;épÞemX . bTfa GnueraTti ¬yMdl;¦ esckþIfa

rEmgyMfa {cUrcab;kg;rf[´cuH} . bTfa ÉvM sm,TemevtM ¬eRbób

dUc>>> dUecñaH¦ esckþIfa CnNarEmgesakdl;buKÁlEdlknøgeTA

ehIy KW søab;eTAehIy esckþIesakrbs;CnenaH k¾eRbóbdUcy:ag

enaH KW EbbenaH . GFib,ayfa {dUcmanesckþIRtÚvkarnwgcab;RBH

c®nÞ EdlkMBugcrkNþalGakas eRBaHkarcg;)ankñ úgvtß úEdlminKYr


nwg)an} .

skáeTvraC luHsþab;BaküPriyarbs;eKy:agenaHehIy eTIb

sYrTasIfa {nagRtÚvCaGVInwgeK?} TasIeqø Iyfa {eKCaecAhVaynay

rbs;´} skáeTvraCRtas;fa {ebIdUecñaH nagKg;nwgRtÚveKvayehIy

eRbI[eFVIkar eRBaHdUecñaH nageTIbminyM edayKitfa eyIgrYcputl¥

ehIyGMBIeK?} nagTasIeBalfa {nay cUrkuMeBaldUecñaHnwg´eLIy

TaMgRbkarenaHk¾minsmKYrdl;´ buRtrbs;ecAhVaynay´ dl;RBm

edayxnþI emtþa nigesckþIkruNay:agéRkElg eBjcitþeBalnUvkar

Bit )andUcCabuRtEdlekItecjBIRTÚg} . skáeTvraCeBalfa {ebI

dUecñaH eRBaHehtuGVI nageTIbminyM?} cMENknagTasI kalnwgR)ab;

ehtuEdlxøÜnminyM eTIbeBal 2 Kafafa

bBiRtelakCaBYkRbRBwtþedIm,IRBhµ k¥mTwk

EdlEbkehIy Kb,It[Cab;vijmin)any:agNa Cn

Naesakdl;Gñksøab;eTAehIy CnenaHk¾eRbóbdUc

CaqñaMgEbkdUecñaH ecAhVaynayrbs;´ RtÚvBYkjati


dutehIy rEmgmindwgdl;karyMrbs;BYkjatiTaMg-

Lay eRBaHdUecñaH ´eTIbminyMdl;elak KtiNarbs;

elakmanehIy elakk¾eTAkan;KtienaHÉg .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa yfabi RBehµ ]TkuemÖa Pienña Gb,-

disn§ieya ¬bBiRtelakCaBYkbgáénRBhµ k¥mTwkEdlEbkehIyKb,I

t[Cab;vijmin)any:agNa¦ esckþIfa bBiRtRBahµN_ k¥mTwkEdl

EbkeTAedaykarvayedaydMbgCaedIm nwgt[Cab;Kñavijmin)an KW

nwg[CaRbRktIdUcedImvijmin)an . Baküd¾esskñúgKafaenH man

GtßgayehIy eRBaHmann½ydUceBalTukehIy .

skáeTvraC luH)ansþab;BaküeBcn_rbs;CnTaMgenaHehIy man

citþRCHføa eTIbRtas;fa {GñkTaMgLay ceRmInnUvmrNsStiRbéBehIy

taMgGMBIenHeTA GñkTaMgLay minmankic©EdlnwgeFV I mankarP¢ ÜrERs

CaedImeLIy} dUecñHehIy eTIbeFVIpÞHrbs;CnTaMgenaH[eBjedayrtn³

7 Rbkar ehIy»vaTfa {GñkTaMgLay kuMRbmaT cUr[Tan rkSasIl

eFV I]e)asfkmµ} nigR)ab;CnTaMgenaH[sÁal;RBHGgÁ ehIyesþck¾


eTAkan;TIenArbs;RBHGgÁvij . sUm,ICnTaMgenaH manRBahµN_CaedIm

eFV IbuNümanTanCaedIm rs;enAGs;kalénGayuehIy k¾eTAekItkñúg

eTvelak . RBHsasþa kalRTg;naMCatkenHmkehIy RTg;dkkUnsr

KW esckþIesakrbs;])askenaHehIy RTg;Rbkassc©³[x<s;eLIg

eTA . kñúgevlacb;sc©³ ])ask)antaMgenAkñ úgesatabtþipl .

cb;Gdækfa ]rKebtvtßúTI 12

3

sruber]gkñúgórKvK<TI 1 man 12 er]g

1> erOgextþÚbmaeRbt 2> erOgsUkreRbt 3> erOgbUtimuxeRbt 4> erOgbidæFItlikeRbt 5> erOgtierakuD ÐeRbt 6> erOgbBa©butþxaTikeRbt 7> erOgstþbutþxaTikeRbt 8> erOgeKaNeRbt 9> erOgmhaebskareRbt 10> erOgxløatiyeRbt 11> erOgnaKeRbt 12> erOg]rKeRbt

s t r

-161- Gdækfa ]BVrIvKÁ erOgsMsaremackeRbtTI 1

óBVrIvK<TI 2

Gdðkza sMsaremackebtvtæúTI 1

{ mineFV IbuNüekItCanageRbt}

[13] kalRBHsasþaRbfab;enAkñúgRBHviharevLúv½n RTg;R)arB§

nageRbtmñak; kñúgRsúkeQµaH \dækvtI EdnmKF³ eTIbRtas;BaküepþIm

fa nKÁa TuBVNÑrU)asi ¬nagCaGñkGaRkatkay manrUbragKYrex< Im¦

dUecñH .

)anB¤fa kñúgEdnmKF³ manRsúk 2 KW Rsúk\dækvtI nigRsúk

TIXraCI . kñúgRsúkTaMg 2 enaH manBYksMsaremack³eRcIn Ca

micäaTidæ i enACaRbcaM . kñúgGtItkal kalBI 500 qñaMmun man®sþI

mñak;ekItkñúgRtkUlsMsaremack³mYy kñúgRsúk\dækvtIenaHÉg eday

GMNacmicäaTidæi )ansmøab;stVkNþÚbCaeRcIn ehIyeTAekItCaeRbt .

nagesayTukç manesckþIeRskXøanCaedIm Gs;ry³ 500

qñaM . kalRBHmanRBHPaKrbs;eyIgTaMgLay esþc]b,tþ ieLIgkñúg

elak RTg;RbkasRBHFmµckád¾bvr esþcyagcUleTAGaRs½yRkúgraCRKwH


Rbfab;enAkñúgRBHviharevLúv½ntamlMdab; nagRtLb;mkekItkñúgRtkUl

sMsaremack³enaHÉg kñúgRsúk\dækvtI kñ úgevlaEdlnagmanGayu

7-8 xYb GacelgrfCamYyBYkekµgRsIdéT² )an . kñúgkalenaH

RBHsarIbutþetßr GaRs½yRsúkenaHÉg enAkñúgGruNvtIvihar éf¶mYy

RBmedayPikçú 12 rUb )annimnþeTAtampøÚvCitTVarRsúkenaH . kñúgxN³

enaH ekµgRsIGñkRsúkCaeRcInnak; ecjGMBIpÞHeTAelgenACitTVarenaH

mancitþRCHføa eTIbRbjab;mkfVaybgÁMRBHefr³ nigPikçúTaMgenaH eday

bBa©gÁRbtisæan tamEdl)aneXIjmatabitabdibtþi . cMENkRsImñak;

enH CaFItaénRtkUlminmansT§a xVHkarRbRBwtþrbs;mnusSl¥ eRBaH

min)ansnSMkuslTukmkyUr eTIbmineGIeBI QreFV IFµ wgdUcCamnusS

KµanP½BV . RBHefr³eXIjkarRbRBwtþkñ úgkalmunrbs;nag karEdl

nagmkekItkñúgRtkUlsMsaremack³kñúgkal\LÚvenH nigkarEdlnag

smKYrdl;karekItkñúgnrkteTA RCabfa RbsinebIRsIenHnwgfVaybgÁM

eyIgesat nwgmineTAekItkñ úgnrk sUm,IkalekItCaeRbt k¾nwg)an

sm,tþieRBaHGaRs½yeyIgdUcKña dUecñH CaGñkmancitþRtÚvkruNadas;

-163- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOgsMsaremackeRbtTI 1

etOn eTIbeBalnwgekµgRsITaMgenaHfa {BYknagfVaybgÁMPikç úTaMgLay

EtekµgRsImñak;enH QrFµwgdUcCamnusSKµanP½BV} . lMdab;enaH ekµg

RsITaMgenaH eTIbnaMKñacab;GUsédnagmk[fVaybgÁM)aTaRBHefr³eday

kmøaMg .

sm½ytmk nagceRmInv½y matabitaelIk[dl;kumarmñak;kñ úg

RtkUlsMsaremack³ kñ úgRsúkTIXraCI eBlKP’cas;Ex k¾søab;eTA

ekItCaeRbt GaRkatkay rUbragKYrex< Im RtÚvesckþIeRskXøanRKb

sgát; eXIjehIyKYr[xøacy:agéRkElg Rtac;eTAkñúgeBlyb; sMEdg

xøÜndl;RBHsarIbutþetßrehIy QrenAkñ úgTId¾smKYrmYy .

RBHefr³eXIjnagenaH eTIbsYredayKafafa

nagGaRkatkay manrUbragKYrex<Im sÁmsÁaMg

manxøÜnrvamedaysrés EnnagmanxøÜnsÁmsÁaMg man

Etq¥wgCMnIr nagCanrNa mkQrenAkñúgTIenH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Fmnisnßta¬1¦ ¬manxøÜnrvameTAeday

1¦ bidk = FmnisNæita .


srés¦ )andl; manxøÜnrvameTAedaysrés eRBaHminmansac; nig

Qam . bTfa ])aösuliek¬1¦ ¬manEtq¥wgCMnIr¦ )andl; manq¥wg

CMnIrpuseLIgmk . bTfa kisiek¬2¦ ¬sÁmsÁaMg¦ )andl; manragkay

sÁmsÁaMg . EpñkdMbUg RBHefr³eBalfa kisa ehIyeBaldEdlfa

kisiek eTot edIm,InwgsEmþgfa nagCasÁmsÁaMgéRkElg eRBaHCaGñk

manragkaysl;RtwmEtq¥wg Es,k nigsrés . nageRbt)ansþab;

dUecñaHehIy kalnwgRbkasxøÜn eTIbeBalKafafa

bBiRtelakm©as;d¾ceRmIn ´CaeRbt cUldl;

TuKÁti ekItkñ úgymelak eRBaHeFVI)abkmµTuk eTIb

cakGMBImnusSelakenH eTAkan;ebtelak .

RtÚvRBHefr³sYrdl;kmµEdl)aneFV ITukeTotfa

nageFV IkmµGaRkk;GVI edaykay vaca nigcitþ

Tukhñ+ nagcakmnusSelakenH eTAkan;ebtelak

eRBaHvi)akénkmµGV I .

bidk = 1¦ ])öasuLiek . 2¦ kIsiek .


kalnagnwgsEmþgfa {´minFøab;[TaneLIy CamnusSkMNaj;

eTIbekItkñ úgkMeNIteRbt esayTukçd¾mhimay:agenH} eTIb)aneBal

3 Kafafa

bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn CnBYkNaCabitakþI mata

kþ I b¤sUm,IBYkjatikþ I mancitþRCHføa Kb,IdwknaM´fa

cUr[Tandl;smNRBahµN_TaMgLay CnGñkGnu-

eRKaHdl;´dUecñaHminman taMgGMBIenHeTA éTIbCaeRbt

GaRkatkay RtÚvesckþIeRsk nigesckþIXøanebot

ebon Rtac;eTAdUecñH Gs; 500 qñaM enHCaplén

)abkmµrbs;´ . bBiRtPikç ú ´mancitþRCHføan wgsUm

fVaybgÁMelak bBiRtelakGñkekøóvkøa manGanuPaB

eRcIn sUmelakcUrGnueRKaHdl;ćuH sUmelakcUr

[TanNamYy ehIycUr]TÞ iskuslmk[´xøH sUm

elakcUredaHćakTuKÁtipgcuH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Gnukám,ka ¬GñkGnueRKaH¦ )andl;


GñkGnueRKaHedayRbeyaCn_EdlnwgRbRBwtþeTAkñ úgPBxagmux . nag

ehARBHefr³fa {bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn} . mankarRbkbesckþIfa

{bTfa ey mM nieyaeCyüMú ¬CnBYkNaKb,IdwknaM´¦ esckþIfa Cn

BYkNa nwgCamatabita b¤jatikþI CaGñkmancitþRCHføadUecñH nwgKb,I

dwknaM´fa cUr[Tandl;smNRBahµN_cuH CnCaGñkGnueRKaHdUecñaH

minmandl;éLIy} .

bTfa \eta GhM vsSstani bBa© yM ÉvrU)a vicrami nKÁa

¬taMgGMBIenHeTA éTIbCaeRbtGaRkatkay RtÚvesckþIeRsk nigesckþI

Xøanebotebon Rtac;eTAdUecñHGs; 500 qñaM¦ enH nageRbtenaHrBJk

dl;GtþPaBeRbtrbs;xø Ün kñúgCatiTI 3 GMBICatienH eTIbeBaleday

bMNgfa {sUm,IxN³enH ´k¾Rtac;eTAGs; 500 qñaM y:agenaH} .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa yM ERbfa eRBaHehtuNa . RbkbesckþI

fa {ĆaeRbtGaRkatkayEbbenH eRBaHmin)aneFIVbuNümanTanCaedIm

Tuk taMgGMBIenHeTA k¾nwgRtac;eTAGs; 500 qñaM} . bTfa tNðay

¬esckþIeRsk¦ )andl; esckþIlM)ak . bTfa xC¢mana ¬RtÚvxaMsuI¦


)andl; RtÚvTMBasIu GFib,ayfa {ebotebon} .

bTfa vnÞami tM Gyü bsnñcitþa ERbfa bBiRtPikç ú ´CaGñk

mancitþRCHføa sUmfVaybgÁMelak . nageRbtsMEdgfa {\LÚvenH

´GacnwgeFVIbuNü)anRbmaNb:ueNÑHÉg} . bTfa Gnukm, mM ¬cUr

GnueRKaHdl;´¦ esckþIfa sUmelakcUrGnueRKaH KW cUreFVIesckþI

GaNitcMeBaH´ . bTfa TtVa c em GaTis yM¬1¦ hi kiBa© i ¬[Tan

NamYy ehIy]TÞis[´xøH¦ esckþIfa sUmelak[eTyüFm’Na²

k¾)an dl;smNRBahµN_ ehIycUr]TÞisTkçiNaenaHdl;´pgcuH .

nageRbteBaledaybMNgfa {eyIgnwgrYccakkMeNIteRbtenHeday

kar[TkçiNaenaH} . eRBaHehtuenaHÉg nageRbteTIbeBalfa {bBiRt

elakd¾ceRmIn sUmelakcUredaH´cakTuKÁticuH} .

kalnageRbteBalGgVry:agenaH edIm,InwgsEmþgRbkarEdl

RBHefr³bdibtþ i RBHsgÁItikacarü eTIbeBalKafa 3 Kafafa

RBHsarIbutþEdlmancitþGnueRKaH TTYlBakü

rbs;nagehIy eTIbRbeKn)aymYyduM sMBt;RbmaN

1¦ bidk = ya hi .


b:un)atédmYypÞaMg nigTwkpwkmYypþildl;Pikçú ehIy

]TÞiscMENkbuNüeTA[ nageRbtenaH xN³RBH

sarIbutþ]TÞiscMENkbuNü[ vi)ak KW )ayTwk nig

eRKÓgesøókdNþb; k¾ekIteLIgTan;eBl enHCapl

énTkçiNa eRkaymk nageRbtenaH manragkay

brisuT§ esøókdNþb;sMBt;d ¾s¥at mantémøeRcInCag

sMBt;EdnkasI manvtßaPrN³d¾viciRtl¥s¥at cUleTA

rkRBHsarIbutþ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Pikç Ún M )andl; Pikç úmYyrUb . Bit

ehIy Baküfa PikçÚnM enH elakeBaledayvcnvibløas . Gacarü

BYkxøHeBalfa GaelabM Pikçúena TtVa ¬RbeKn)ay 1 duM dl;Pikçú¦ .

bTfa GaelabM )andl; du M)ay . GFib,ayfa ePaCnRbmaN 1

duM . bTfa )aNimtþBa© ecalkM ¬sMBt;manRbmaNb:un)atéd¦ )an

dl; kMNat;sMBt;RbmaNb:un)atéd 1 . bTfa falksS c

)anIyM ¬TwkpwkmYypþil¦ )andl; TwkRbmaNeBjmYypþil . Bakü


d¾ess mann½ydUceBalehIykñúgxløadiyeRbtenaHÉg .

lMdab;enaH RBHsarIbutþeXIjnageRbtenaH man\®nÞiyRss;

bs; mansm,úrpUrpg; mansMBt; nigGaPrN³eRKÓgRbdab;EdlCa

TiBV PøWsVagsBVTis edayrsµIrbs;xøÜn EdlcUleTArkehIy QrenA

kñúgTId¾smKYr bMNgnwg[nagRbkasplkmµ[RbckS eTIb)aneBal

Kafa 3 Kafafa

EnnageTBFIta nagmansm,úrl¥Nas; BnøW

Pø WeTAsBVTis dUcCapáayRBwk nagmansm,úrdUecñH

eRBaHkmµGV I \dæplrEmgseRmcdl;nagkñúgvimanenH

eRBaHkmµGVI nigePaK³sBVRKb;EdlCaTIeBjcitþ rEmg

ekIteLIgdl;nag eRBaHkmµGV I EneTBFItaGñkman

GanuPaBeRcIn eyIgsUmsYrnag nagekItCamnusS

)aneFVIbuNüGVIT uk mYyeTot nagmanGanuPaBd¾rug

erOg TaMgmanrsµIPø WsBVT isy:agenH eRBaHkmµGV I .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa GPikáenþn ¬s¥atNas;¦ )andl; eFVI


citþ[rIkrayéRkElg . GFib,ayfa {manrUbl¥} . bTfa veNÑn

¬manvNÑ³¦ )andl; manBN’sm,úr . bTfa »PaesnþI Tisa sBVa

¬PøWsVageTAsBVTis¦ )andl; PøWTUeTATaMg 10 Tis KW eFV I[manBnøW

EtmYy . edIm,IecosvagBaküsYrfa eRbóbdUcCaGV I? RBHsarIbutþ

eTIbeBalfa {dUcpáayRBwk} . GFib,ayfa {nagjúaMgTisTaMgBYg

[PøWsVag dUcpáayEdlmaneQµaHfa »sFI eRBaHCaeRKÓgRTRTg;rsµI

d¾eRcIn b¤eRBaHbEnßmkmøaMg[dl;»sfTaMgLay eFVI[manBnøWPø WsBV

TisehIyzitenA dUecñaH} .

kw sBÞ kñúgbTfa ekn enH eRbIkñúgBaküsYr . k¾Baküfa

ekn enH CattiyaviPtþi eRbIkñúgGtßénehtu . GFib,ayfa eRBaHehtu

GV I? . Baküfa et ERbfa rbs;nag . bTfa ÉtaTiesa ERbfa

dUecñH . elakGFib,ayfa {tamEdlR)akdehIykñúgevlaenH} .

bTfa ekn et \FmiCÄti ¬\dæplrEmgseRmcdl;elak eRBaHkmµ

GV I¦ esckþIfa plénsucritEdlnag)ankñ úgeBlenH rEmgseRmc

KW ekItplkñúgTIenH eRBaHbuNüviessGVI? bTfa ]b,C¢nþ i ERbfa


begá It . bTfa ePaKa ¬ePaK³¦ esckþIfa ]bkrN_viessénRTBü

CaeRKÓgrIkraycitþmansMBt; nigGaPrN³CaedIm Edlnamfa ePaK³

eRBaHGtßfa nwgRtÚveRbIR)as; . edaybTfa ey ekci ¬vtß úRKb;

y:ag¦ enH RBHsarIbutþse®gÁaHykePaK³RKb;y:agedayminmansl; .

dUcnieTÞsEdlrYbrYmykTaMgGs;enHfa sgçarRKb;y:ag dUecñHCaedIm .

bTfa mnesa biya ¬EdlCaTIrIkrayéncitþ¦ esckþIfa Pav³Edl

citþKb,IRsLaj; . GFib,ayfa {CaTIeBjcitþ} .

bTfa bucäami ERbfa eyIgsUmsYr . GFib,ayfa {eyIgR)afña

nwgdwg . Baküfa tM )andl; tV M ERbfa nUvnag . bTfa eTvi

¬EneTBFIta¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa eTBFIta eRBaHCaGñkbribUN’eday

GanuPaBEdlCaTiBV . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHsarIbutþeTIbeBalfa Gñk

manGanuPaBeRcIn . bTfa mnusSPUta ¬CamnusS¦ )andl; ekIt

kñúgBYkmnusS KW )anPaBCamnusS . Baküfa CamnusS enH elak

eBaledaybMNgfa {edayeRcIn stVGñktaMgenAkñúgGtþPaBCamnusS

eTIbeFVIbuNü)an} . KafaTaMgenH manesckþIsegçbRtwmb: ueNÑH .


cMENkesckþIBisþar Kb,IRCabtamn½yEdleBalTukkñúgGdækfavimanvtßú

eQµaH brmtßTIbnI .

nageRbtRtÚvRBHefr³sYrdEdly:agenH kalnwgRbkasehtu

EdlxøÚn)ansm,tþienaH eTIb)aneBalKafad¾essfa

kalmun ´CaeRbt elakm©as;CamunIEdl

manesckþIkruNakñúgelak CaGñkR)aCJkñúgelak )an

eXIj´sÁmsÁaMgelOg eRskXøan GaRkatkay man

Es,keRbHRCIvRCÜj esayTukçevTna eTIb)anRbeKn

)aymYyduM sMBt;RbmaNb:un)atédmYypÞaMg Twkpwk

mYypþil dl;Pikç ú ehIy]TÞiscMENkkusleTA[´

sUmelakcUremIlplén)aymYyduM Edlelakm©as;

RbeKnehIy ´CaGñkEdl)anTTYlnUvvtßúCaTIR)afña

briePaKGaharRbkbedaymðÚbmanrseRcIny:ag Gs;

Ban;qña M sUmelakm©as;cUremIlplénkarfVaysMBt;

RbmaNb:un)atéd Edl´)anTTYlenHcuH bBiRtelak


m©as; sMBt;kñ úgEdnrbs;RBH)aTnnÞraCmanRbmaN

b:unNa sMBt;CaeRKÓgesøókdNþb;rbs;´maneRcIn

CagenaHeTot KW sMBt;fµ I sMBt;eramstV sMBt;

sMbkéFµ sMBt;kb,as sMBt;sUm,ITa MgenaH TaMgFM

TaMgEvg TaMgmantémøeRcIn sMyugcuHehIyBIGakas

´eRCIserIsykEtpÞaMgsMBt; EdleBjcitþmkesøók

dNþb; sUmelakm©as;cUremIlplénkarfVayTwkpwk

mYypþil Edl´)anTTYlehIyenH KW RsHe)akçrNI

d¾eRCAmanRCúg 4 EdlbuBaØkmµnimµ itl¥ehIy man

Twkføa mankMBg;rabesµI manTwkRtCak; mankøinRkGUb

rkvtßúeRbóbBuM)an edrdasedaypáabTum nigpáa]b,l

eBjedayTwk EdledrdasedayeksrpáaQUk ´

R)ascakP½y rEmgenAy:agmenarmü rIkray sb,ay

bBiRtelakm©as;d¾ceRmIn ´mkedIm,IfVaybgÁMelak

m©as;GñkCamunI manesckþIkruNakñ úgelak .


bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa ]b,NÐúkw ¬elOg¦ )andl; manxøÜn

elOg . bTfa qatM ¬eRskXøan¦ )andl; CaGñkeRskXøan KW

RtÚvesckþIeRskXøanRKbsgát; . bTfa sm,titcävw¬1¦ ¬manEs,keRbH

RCIvRCÜj¦ )andl; GñkmanEs,kénragkayeRbHEbkRCÜj . bTfa

elaek ¬kñúgelak¦ enH CaBaküsEmþgGarmµN_énesckþIkruNa Edl

eBalTukkñúgbTfa GñkmanesckþIkruNa enH . Baküfa tM mM ¬nUv

énaH¦ )andl; dl;ĆaGñkmansPaBdUecñaH KW ÉdltaMgenAkñúg

zan³KYrkruNaEtmü:ag tamn½yEdleBalTukehIy . bTfa TuKÁtM¬2¦

¬esayTukç¦ )andl; dl;TuKÁti .

bTfa Pikç Ún M GaelabM TtVa ¬fVay)aymYyduMdl;Pikç ú¦ dUecñH

CaedIm CaeRKÓgsEmþgGakarEdlRBHefr³eFV IesckþIkruNadl;xø Ün .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa PtþM )andl; )ay . GFib,ayfa {ePaCn

EdlCaTiBV} . bTfa vsSstM Ts ¬Ban;qña M¦ )andl; mYyryqñaM

10 dg . GFib,ayfa {1>000 qñaM} . k¾BaküenHCaTutiyaviPtþi

eRbIkñúgGtßénGc©nþsMeyaK ERbfa rhUt . bTfa PuBa¢ami kamkaminI

bidk = 1¦ smudþitcävw / 2¦ TukçitM .


GenkrsBüBa¢nM ¬´CaGñk)anTTYlvtßúEdlKYrR)afña briePaKGahar

RbkbedaymðÚbmanrseRcIny:ag¦ esckþIfa ´)anTTYlvtßúKYrR)afña

sUm,IdéT² eTIbbriePaKGaharmanmðÚbmanrsepSg² .

edayBaküfa ecaLsS ¬sMBt;¦ enH nageRbtsEmþgcMeBaH

buNüEdlseRmcedayTan EdlmansMBt;enaHCaGarmµN_ eRBaHsMedA

ykeTyüFm’CaeKal . bTfa vi)akM bsS yaTisM ¬cUremIlpl

enHcuH¦ )andl; sUmelakcUremIlpl eBalKW vi)akénkarRbeKn

sMBt;CaTanenaHcuH . edIm,IecosvagBaküsYrfa {k¾plenaHdUcemþc?}

nageRbteTIbeBalfa ¬sMBt;kñúgEdn¦ rbs;RBH)aTnnÞraCmanRbmaN

b:unNa¦ dUecñHCaedIm .

kñúgBaküenaH nrNa eQµaHfa nnÞraCaGgÁenH? . )anB¤fa

kñúgGtItkal kñúgBYkmnusSEdlmanGayu 10>000 qñaM mankudum<ik³

GñkRkúgBaraNsImñak; edIrelgkñúgéRB )aneXIjRBHbec©kBuT§mYy

GgÁenAkñúgéRB . RBHbec©kBuT§GgÁenaH kMBugeFV IcIvrenAkñ úgéRBenaH

kalEdlsMBt;GnuvatminTan;RKb; k¾bRmúgnwgbt;Tuk . kudum<ik³enaH


eXIjdUecñaH eTIbeBalfa {elakm©as;kMBugeFV IGV I} sUm,Ielakk¾min

)antbGV I BIeRBaHelakCaGñkR)afñatic k¾dwgfa {sMBt;cIvrminTan;

RKb;} eTIbdak;sMBt;dNþb;rbs;xø ÜneTobRBH)aTarbs;RBHbec©kBuT§

ehIyk¾ecosecjeTA . RBHbec©kBuT§ kan;yksMBt;]tþrasgÁ³enaH

mkeRbICasMBt;GnuvateFVIcIvrdNþb; . kñúgevlaGs;CIvit kudum< ik³

enaH k¾)aneTAekItkñ úgPBtavtþ igS esayTiBVsm,tþienAkñúgPBtavtþ igS

enaH rhUtdl;Gs;Gayu cuticakPBtavtþ igSenaHehIy k¾eTAekItkñúg

RtkUlGamatükñúgRsúkmYy kñúgTIRbmaN 1 eyaCn_ GMBIRkúgBara-

NsI .

kñúgevlaeKceRmInv½y mankarRbkasnkçtþb£kSkñúgRsúkenaH .

eKniyaynwgmatafa {Em: cUr[sMBt;sadkdl;´ ´nwgeTAelg

nkçtþb£kS} . mata)annaMyksMBt;Edle)akTukd¾s¥atmk[ . eK

niyayfa {sMBt;enH sac;KRKatNas;Em:} . mataeTIbyksMBt;

déTmk[ sUm,IsMBt;pÞa MgenaH eKk¾bdiesFeTot . lMdab;enaH

mataeTIbeBalnwgeKfa {kUneGIy BYkeyIgekItkñúgpÞHEdl\tbuNü


nwg)ansMBt;sac;l¥itCagenHGMBINa} . eKeBalfa {´nwgeTAkan;

TIEdlnwg)an NaEm:} . mataeBalfa {eTAcuHkUn Em:R)afñanwg[kUn

)annUvraCsm,tþikñ úgRkúgBaraNsI kñúgéf¶enHÉg} . eKTTYlBrehIy

fVaybgÁMmata eFVIRbTkSiN ehIyeBalfa {´eTAehIyEm:} . mþay

k¾niyayfa {eTAcuHkUn} . )anB¤fa mataenaHmankarKity:agenHfa

{eKnwgeTANa eKnwgGgÁúykñúgpÞHenH b¤pÞHÉeNaH} cMENkeKRtÚv

niyaménbuNüdas;etOnehIy eTIbecjBIpÞHeTAkan;RkúgBaraNsI

edkTTUrsIrS³elIpÞa MgfµEdlCamgÁl . k¾éf¶enaHÉg Caéf¶EdlRBH

)aTRkúgBaraNsIesayTivgÁt )an 7 éf¶ehIy .

BYkGamatü nigbuerahit naMKñafVayRBHePøIgRBHbrmsB ehIy

GgÁúyRbwkSaKñaRtg;RBHlanhøÜgfa {RBHraCa manRBHraCFIta 1 GgÁ

EtRBHraC»rsBuMman raCsm,tþiEdlminmanRBHraCaRKb;RKg rEmg

taMgenAmin)an BYkeyIgnwgpSgbusSrf ¬rfBN’s¦ eTA} . BYk

Gamatü nigbuerahit TwmesHsin§B 4 k,al EdlmanBN’dUcpáa

kumuT dak;eRKÓgraCkkuFPNÐ 5 y:ag manesVtcäRtCaRbFan Tuk


kñúgrfenaHÉg ehIypSgrfeTA [RbKMt®nþItamxageRkay . rfecj

GMBITVarTisxagekIt )aneq<aHeTAkan;RBHraC]Tüan . GamatüBYkxøH

eBalfa {rfeq<aHmuxeTAkan;]Tüan eRBaHCaTmøab; BYkeyIgnwg[

RtLb;} . buerahiteBalCMTas;fa {kuM[RtLb;eLIy} . rf)aneFVI

RbTkSiNkumarehIy )anQb;eTobRtg;TIeLIg ¬CeNþIr¦ . buerahit

TajCaysMBt;sadkecjRtÜtemIl)ateCIgTaMg 2 xag eBalfa

{TV IbenH cUrelIkTukcuH kumarenHsmKYrnwgRKb;RKgÉkraC kñúgTVIbFM

TaMg 4 manTVIbtUc 2>000 Cabrivar} dUecñHehIy eTIb[RbKMt®nþI

eLIg 3 dgfa {cUrRbKMt®nþ I cUrRbKMeTot} .

lMdab;enaH kumarebIkmuxRkeLkemIl ehIyeBalfa {elak

TaMgLay BYkelaknaMKñamkedaykargarGV I} . BYkGamatüeBalfa

{bBiRtsmµtieTB raCsm,tþismKYrdl;elak} . kumarsYrfa {RBH

raCarbs;BYkelakeTANa?} BYkGamatüeBalfa {TivgÁtehIy} .

kumarsYrfa {knøgeTAb:unµanéf¶ehIy} . BYkGamatüeBalfa {éf¶enH

Caéf¶TI 7} . kumarsYrfa {RBHraC»rs RBHraCFIta BuMmaneTb¤?} BYk


GamatüeBalfa {manEtRBHraCFIta RBHraC»rsBu MmaneT} . kumar

eBalfa {ebIdUecñaH eyIgnwgRKb;RKgraCsm,tþi} . BYkGamatüTaMg

enaH naMKñaeFVImNÐbsMrab;GPieskkñúgxN³enaHÉg ehIyRbdab;RBH

raCFItaedayeRKÓgGlgáarTaMgBYg naMmkkan;RBHraC]Tüan eFV Ikar

GPieskCamYynwgkumar .

lMdab;enaH BYkGamatübeg¥annUvsMBt;mantémø 1 Esn cUl

eTAfVayRBHraCkumarEdlGPieskehIy . RBHraCaGgÁfµ IenaHRtas;

sYrfa {enHCaGVI?} BYkGamatüRkabTUlfa {sMBt;sRmab;esøók RBH

kruNa} . RBHraCaRtas;bgÁab;fa sMBt;sac;eRKatRKat minEmnb¤

)a¡} BYkGamatüRkabTUlfa {bBiRtsmµtieTB kñúgbNþasMBt;Edl

BYkmnusSeRbIR)as; sMBt;Edlsac;l¥itCagenHBuMmaneT RBHGgÁ} .

RBHraCaRtas;sYrfa {RBHraCaGgÁmunrbs;Gñk RTg;esøókdNþb;sMBt;

EbbenHb¤?} BYkGamatüRkabTUlfa {bBiRtsmµtieTB RBHkruNaRBH

GgÁ} . RBHraCaRtas;fa {RBHraCarbs;GñkRbEhlCaBuMmanbuNüeT

BYkGñkcUrykkuNÐImasmk eyIgnwg)ansMBt;} . BYkGamatü eTIb


ykkuNÐImasmk . RBHraCaRTg;eRkakeLIglagRBHhsþ edayRBH

GgÁÉg x<úrRBH»sæehIy ykRBHhsþk,g;Twk saceTATisxagekIt .

kñúgRKaenaH edImkb,RBwkS 8 edIm TmøayEpndId¾Rkas;puseLIg .

RBHraCaRTg;k,g;TwkeTot ehIysaceTATisxagt,Úg Tisxaglic Tis

xageCIg RTg;saceTATaMg 4 Tis y:agenH edayRbkardUecñH edIm

kb,RBwkSkñúgTisnImYy² 8 edIm rYmCa 32 edIm puseLIgRKb;Tis .

GacarüBYkxøHeBalfa edImkb,RBwkSpuseLIg 64 edIm edayEbg

kñúgmYyTis 16 edIm} RBHraCaRTg;esøóksMBt;TiBVmYypÞaMg dNþb;

mYypÞaMgehIyRtas;fa {BYkGñkcUredIrvaysÁrRbkasfa {kñúgEdnrbs;

RBH)aTnnÞraC BYk®sþIEdlk>GMe)aH minRtÚvkark>GMe)aH} dUecñHehIy

eTIb[elIkesVtcäRteLIg RTg;tak;EtgRbdab;Rbda esþceLIgk>dMrI

d¾RbesIr cUlRBHnKr eLIgkan;R)asaTehIy esaymhasm,tþi .

kalevlaknøgeTAy:agenH éf¶mYy RBHraCeTvIeXIjsm,tþi

rbs;RBHraCaehIy RTg;sEmþgGakarénesckþIkruNafa {»¡ elakGñk

mantb³} nigRtÚvRtLb;sYrfa {manerOgGVI eTvI} RBHeTvIeTIbTUlfa


bBiRtRBHsmµtieTB sm,tþirbs;RBHGgÁd¾FMéRkElg RBHGgÁ)aneFVIkmµ

d¾l¥Tukkñ úgGtItkal \LÚvenH RTg;mineFV IkuslTukedIm,IRbeyaCn_

GnaKtkal} . RBHraCaRtas;fa {eyIgnwg[dl;nrNa ebIBuMman

elakGñkmansIl} . RBHeTvIRkabTUlfa {bBiRtsmµtieTB Cm<ÚTVIb

minsUnücakRBHGrhnþTaMgLay sUmRBHGgÁRTg;cat;EcgeRtómTan

cuH ´m©as;nwg)anRBHGrhnþ} . luHRBwkeLIg RBHraCaRTg;[eRtóm

mhaTanEdlmantémøeRcInTuk . RBHeTvIRTg;GFidæanfa RbsinebI

TisenHmanRBHGrhnþesat sUmnimnþmkTTYlPikçaharrbs;´m©as;

TaMgLaykñúgTIenHcuH} ehIyRTg;RkabcuHEbrmuxeTATisxageCIg .

evlaRBHeTvIRkabcuHb: ueNÑaH bNþaRBHbec©kBuT§ 500 GgÁ EdlCa

RBHraC»rsrbs;RBHnagbTumvtI EdlenAkñ úgéRBehmBanþ RBHmha

bTumbec©kBuT§EdlCabg ehARBHbec©kBuT§EdlCab¥Ún² mkfa {mñal

GñknirTukç RBH)aTnnÞraCnimnþBYkelak sUmBYkelakcUrTTYlnimnþ

rbs;RBHGgÁcuH} . RBHbec©kBuT§TaMgenaHTTYlnimnþehIy k¾ehaHeTA

rMeBcenaH ehIycuHCitTVarTisxageCIg . BYkmnusS)anRkabTUldl;


RBHraCafa {bBiRtRBHsmµtieTB RBHbec©kBuT§ 500 GgÁ nimnþmk

ehIy} . RBHraCaRBmTaMgRBHeTvI esþcmkfVaybgÁM TTYl)aRtehIy

nimnþRBHbec©kTaMgLayeLIgkan;R)asaT fVayTandl;RBHbec©kBuT§

TaMgenaH elIR)asaTenaH kñúgevlaseRmcPtþkic© RBHraCaRTg;Rkab

eTob)aTarbs;RBHsgÇetßr³ RBHeTvIRTg;RkabeTob)aTarbs;RBHsgÇ-

nvk³ [RBHbec©kBuT§TaMgenaHeFV IebþCJafa {elakm©as;TaMgLaynwg

minlM)akedaybc©½y ´TaMgLaynwgminsUnücakbuNü sUmelak

m©as;TaMgLaycUr[ebþCJadl;´TaMgLay edIm,InwgKg;kñúgTIenH} dUecñH

ehIy[sagsßanTIenAkñúgRBHraC]Tüan TMnukbRmúgRBHbec©kBuT§TaMg

Lay rhUtdl;Gs;RBHCnµ kalRBHbec©kBuT§TaMgenaHbriniBVanehIy

RBHraCa[eKelgsaFukILaehIy ¬karelgedIm,IbUCaR)arB§FmµsegVK¦

[eFVIQabnkic©edayeQIRkGUbCaedIm ehIy[rkSaRBHFatubBa©úHkñ úg

RBHectiy ekItesckþIsegVKfa {esckþIsøab;k¾enAEtmandl;elak

GñkmanGanuPaBeRcIn sUm,IEbbenH nwgcaM)ac;eBalfVIdl;buKÁldUc

CaBYkeyIghñ+} eTIbRTg;taMgRBHraC»rsc,gTukkñúgraCsm,tþi cMENk


RBHGgÁRTg;bYsCatabs . cMENkRBHeTvIKitfa {kalebI RBHraCa

RTg;bYsehIy eyIgnwgenAeFVIGV I} dUecñH eTIbRTg;pñ ÜsEdr . sUm,I

TaMg 2 RBHGgÁ k¾Kg;enAkñúgRBHraC]Tüan júaMgQan[ekIteLIgehIy

esaysuxEdlekItGMBIQan kñúgevlaGs;Gayu k¾eTAekItkñúgRBhµ-

elak . )anB¤fa RBH)aTnnÞraCenaH )anCaRBHmhaksSbetßr Ca

mhasavkénRBHbrmsasþarbs;eyIgTaMgLay . RBHGKÁmehsI

rbs;RBH)aTnnÞraCenaH )anCaRBHnagPTÞakabilanI .

RBH)aTnnÞraCenHRTg;esøókdNþb;sMBt;TiBV edayRBHGgÁÉg

rhUtdl;eTA 10>000 qñaM RTg;eFV IEdnrbs;RBHGgÁTaMgGs;[dUcCa

]tþrkuruTV Ib )anRBHraCTansMBt;TiBVdl;BYkmnusSEdlmkdl;ehIy²

enaHÉg . nageRbtenaHsMedAykkarseRmcsMBt;TiBVenaH nigkar

seRmcénsMBt;TaMgBYg eTIbeBalfa yavta nnÞraCsS viCitsµw

bdicäTa ¬sMBt;kñúgEdnrbs;RBH)aTnnÞraCmanRbmaNb:uNÑa¦ . bNþa

bTTaMgenaH bTfa viCitsµw ERbfa kñ úgEdn . bTfa bdicäTa )an

dl; sMBt;TaMgLay . BitehIy sMBt;TaMgenaH eKehAfa bdicäTa


eRBaHCaeRKÓgbiT)aMg .

\LÚvenH nageRbtenH kalnwgsEmþgfa {\LÚvenH esckþI

seRmcrbs;´RbesIrCagesckþIseRmcrbs;RBH)aTnnÞraC} eTIbeBal

BakümanCaedImfa {bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn sMBt;CaeRKÓgesøókdNþb;

rbs;´ maneRcInCagsMBt;EdlmankñúgkarRKb;RKgrbs;RBH)aTnnÞraC

enaH} . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa teta ¬CagenaH¦ esckþIfa sMBt;

CaeRKÓgesøókdNþb;rbs;´ eRcInCagsMBt;EdlmanenAkñúgkarRKb;RKg

rbs;RBH)aTnnÞraC . bTfa vtßancäaTnani ¬sMBt;CaeRKÓgesøók

dNþb;¦ )andl; sMBt;sRmab;esøók nigsMBt;sRmab;dNþb; . bTfa

ekaesyükm<lIyani ¬sMBt;sURt sMBt;eramstV¦ )andl; sMBt;

sURt nigsMBt;km<l . bTfa examkb,asikani ¬sMBt;sMbkéFµ

sMBt;kb,as¦ )andl; sMBt;sm,keQI nigsMBt;Edlt,ajeday

kb,as .

bTfa vibula ¬FMTUlay¦ )andl; FMTaMgcMENkbeNþay nig

cMENkTTwg . bTfa mhKÇa ¬mantémøeRcIn¦ )andl; eRcIneRBaH


mantémøeRcIn KW KYrdl;témøeRcIn . bTfa Gakaesvlm<er¬1¦ ¬sMyug

cuHBIGakas¦ )andl; BüÜrTukkñúgGakasenaHÉg . bTfa yM yM hi

mnesa biyM ¬pÞa MgEdleBjcitþ¦ esckþIfa {´kan;yksMBt;Edl

´eBjcitþehIyesøók nigdNþb; .

bTfa falksS c )anIyM vi)akM bsS yaTisM ¬cUremIl

plénkarfVayTwkmYypþil¦ )andl; TwkpwkeBjmYypþilEdlelak

fVay Edl´GnuemaTna . k¾nageRbtkalnwgsEmþgfa {elakcUr

emIlvi)akénTwkpwkenaH y:agNa KW maneRcInb:uNÑa} eTIbeBal

BakümanCaedImfa 4 RCúgeRCA . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Km<Ira

¬eRCA¦ )andl; sÞg;mindl; . bTfa ctursSa ¬manRCúg 4¦ )an

dl; mansNæan 4 RCúg . bTfa e)akçreBaØa )andl; RsHe)akç-

rNI . bTfa sunimµita ¬EdlbuBaØkmµsag[l¥ehIy¦ )andl; nimµit

edayl¥edayGanuPaBenkçmµenaHÉg .

bTfa esetaTka ¬manTwkføa¦ )andl; manTwkføa RkalTUeTA

edayxSac;BN’s . bTfa sub,titßa ¬mankMBg;rabesµI¦ )andl;

1¦ bidk = et)akaesv lm<er .


kMBg;l¥s¥at . bTfa sIta )andl; TwkRtCak; . bTfa Gb,-

diKn§ iya ¬mankøinRkGUb rkvtß úeRbóbBuM)an¦ )andl; mankøinRkGUb

say cakkøinbdikUl . bTfa varikiBa¢kçbUr ita ¬eBjeTAedayTwk

EdledrdasedayeksrQUk¦ esckþIfa eBjedayTwkEdledrdas

edayeksrpáaQUk nig]b,lCaedIm .

bTfa shM kat;bTCa sa GhM ERbfa ´enaH . bTfa

rmami ¬rEmgrIkray¦ )andl; RbsBVesckþIeRtkGr . bTfa

kILami ¬rIkray¦ )andl; bMerI\®nÞiy . bTfa emaTami ¬sb,ay¦

)andl; CaGñkrIkrayedayePaKsm,tþi . bTfa GkuetaPya ¬R)as

cakP½y¦ esckþIfa minekItP½ysUm,IGMBITINa² KW eyIgCaGñkman

esrI rs;enACasux . bTfa Penþ vnÞ it umaKta ¬bBiRtelakm©as;

d¾ceRmIn ´mkedIm,InwgfVaybgÁM¦ esckþIfa elakd¾ceRmIn ´mk KW

cUlmkrk edIm,IfVaybgÁMelakEdlCaehtu[)anTiBVsm,tþ ienH . k¾

kñúgTIenH BaküNaEdl´min)anEckTukedayGtß BaküenaH´)aneBal

TukehIykñúgTIenaH² Ég .


kalnageRbteBaly:agenaH RBHsarIbutþsEmþgesckþIenaH

edayBisþar kñ úgevlaEdlBYkGñkRsúkTaMg 2 KW Rsúk\dækvtI nig

RsúkTIXraCI Edlmkkan;sMNak;xø Ün [BYkeKsøútcitþ [rYcputBI

sgSar nigkmµGaRkk; [taMgenAkñúgPav³Ca])ask . erOgenaHR)akd

ehIykñúgBYkPikçú . PikçúTaMgLayRkabTUlerOgenaHcMeBaHRBHmanRBH

PaK . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg;eFVIerOgenaH[CaGtßúb,tþiehtu ehIyRTg;

sEmþgFm’dl;bris½TEdlmkRbCuMKñakñ úgTIenaH . RBHFm’eTsnaenaH

manRbeyaCn_dl;mhaCn dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa sMsaremackeRbtTI 1

3


Gdðkza saributþetærmatuebtivtæúTI 2

{ nageRbtFøab;CamataRBHsarIbutþ}

[14] kalRBHsasþa esþcRbfab;enARBHviharevLúv½n RTg;

R)arB§nageRbtEdlCamatarbs;RBHsarIbutþetßr kñúgCatiTI 5 GMBIbc©ú-

b,nñCatienH eTIbRtas;KafaenH manBaküepþImfa nKÁa TuBVNÑrU)asi

¬EnnageRbtsÁmmanEteRKagq¥ wg nagCaGñkGaRkatkay manrUbrag

KYrex< Im¦ dUecñH .

éf¶mYy RBHsarIbutþ RBHmhaemaKÁløan RBHGnuruT§ nigRBHkb,in

)anGaRs½yenAkñ úgdgéRBmYyminq¶ayBIRkúgraCRKwH . sm½yenaHÉg

kñúgRkúgBaraNsI manRBahµN_mñak; CaGñksþúksþmÖ manRTBüeRcIn

manePaK³eRcIn dUcCaGNþÚgCaTIeRkbpwkrbs;smNRBahµN_ Cn

kMRBa GñkedIrpø Úv vniBVk³ nigyack )an[vtßú man)ay Twk sMBt;

nigTIedkCaedIm . kalnwg[ rEmgbdibtþitamesckþIeBjcitþRKb;

y:ag tamlMdab;énkar[ manTwklageCIg nigsMBt;CUteCIgCaedIm

tamevla nigtamesckþIsmKYrdl;Gñkmkdl;ehIy² enaHÉg . kñúg

-189- Gdækfa ]BVrIvKÁ erOgsarIbutþmatuebtvtßúTI 2

evlamunGahar )anGgÁasPikçúTaMgLayeday)ay nigTwkCaedImeday

eKarB . eKkalnwgeTAkan;TIdéT eTIbeBalnwgPriyafa {nagd¾ceRmIn

nagkuMeFVITanviFIenHtamEdlbBaØtiþehIy[vinaseLIy cUrBüayamrkSa

TukedayeKarB} . PriyaTTYlBaküehIy luHsVamIecjeTAb:ueNÑaH

nagk¾kat;pþac;TanviFIEdlbBaØtiþTukedIm,IPikçúTaMgLay CalMdab;dMbUg .

EtkalebIGñkedIrpøÚvcUleTAedIm,Isñak;GaRs½y k¾sMEdgsalacas;

mYyxñgEdle)aHbg;ecalxageRkaypÞHedayBaküfa {BYkGñkcUrsñak;

enAsalaenH} . kalGñkedIrpøÚvmkkñúgTIenaH edIm,IRtÚvkar)ay nig

TwkCaedIm nagk¾eBaldl;vtß úmins¥at KYrex< Imfa {cUrsIulamk pwk

TwkmURt pwkelahit sIuxYrrbs;mataBYkGñkÉgeTA} ehIyesþaHTwk

mat; .

sm½ytmk nageFVIkal³ehIy edayGanuPaBkmµbnSat;eTA

k¾ekItkñúgkMeNIteRbt esayTukçd¾smKYrdl;vcITuc©r itrbs;xøÜn nwk

rBJkdl;sm<½n§PaBkñ úgCatimun manbMNgmkkan;smñak;énRBHsarIbutþ

eTIbmkdl;exøagTVarvihar . eTvtaEdlzitenAnwgexøagTVarviharrbs;


RBHsarIbutþenaH min[cUlvihar . )anB¤fa nageRbtenaHFøab;Camata

rbs;RBHefr³kñúgCatiTI 5 GMBIbc©úb,nñCatienH . eRBaHehtuenaH nag

eTIbeBaly:agenHfa {Ćamatarbs;RBHsarIbutþ kñ úgCatiTI 5 GMBI

bc©úb,nñCatienH sUmelakcUr[ćUleTA edIm,ICYbRBHefr³pgcuH} .

eTvta)ansþab;dUecñaH eTIbGnuBaØat[nagcUleTA . nagRKacUleTA

ehIy )anQrenARtg;xagcugTIc®gám sEmþgxø Ündl;RBHefr³ . RBH

efr³luH)aneXIjnageRbtenaH CaGñkmancitþEdlesckþIkruNadas;

etOn eTIbsYredayKafafa

nagCaGñkGaRkatkay manrUbragKYrex<Im sÁm

sÁa Mg manxø ÜneBaeBjeTAedaysrés Ennagd¾sÁm

sÁaMg manEteRKagq¥wg nagCanrNa eTIbmkQrenA

kñ úgTIenH .

nageRbtenaHRtÚvRBHefr³sYr kalnwgeqøIytb eTIb)aneBal

5 Kafafa

kalmun Ćamatarbs;elak kñúgCatidéT ²


ćUldl;ebtvis½y eBaeBjeTAedayesckþIeRsk

nigXøan kalRtÚvesckþIXøanRKbsgát; rEmgsuIrbs;

EdleKecal EdleKxakesþaH Twkmat; Twksem,ar

esøsµ suIx øaj;rav nigxøaj;rbs;saksB EdleK

dutelIeCIgfár suIelahit nigmnÞilKP’rbs;®sþIEdl

RbsUtibutþ nigelahitrbs;BYkbursEdlRtÚvkat;RcmuH

nigsIrS³ Rtg;TIdMe)A suIEs,k sac; srés nigxÞúH

CaedImrbs;burs®sþI suIxÞ úH nigQam rbs;bsustV

nigmnusSTaMgLay minmanTIBYn minmanTIenA edk

elIERKrbs;mnusSsøab; EdleKe)aHecalkñúgéRBexµac

kUneGIy sUmkUn[TanehIy]TÞiscMENkbuNüdl;

Em:xøH dUcemþchñ+ Em:eTIbnwgputcakkarsuIxÞúH nigQam .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa GhM et skiya mata ¬Ćamata

rbs;elak¦ esckþIfa énHÉgCamatarbs;elakedaykMeNIt .

edaybTfa bueBV GBaØasu CatIsu ¬kalmun>>> kñúgCatidéT¦ enH Kb,I


eXIjfa ´minEmnCamatasUm,IEtkñúgCatienHeT tamBitkñúgCatimun KW

kñúgCatidéT² ´k¾)anCamatakñúgCatiTI 5 GMBIbc©úb,nñCatienH . bTfa

]b,nña ebtþivisyM ¬cUldl;ebtvis½y¦ esckþIfa cUldl;ebtelak

edaybdisni§ . bTfa xub,i)assmb,ita¬1¦ ¬RbkbRBmeTAedayesckþI

eRsk nigXøan¦ )andl; RtÚvesckþIeRskXøanRKbsgát; . GFi-

b,ayfa {RtÚvesckþIeRskXøanRKbsgát;Canic©} .

bTfa qDÐitM ¬rbs;EdleKecal¦ )andl; Carbs;kaksMNl; .

GFib,ayfa {rbs;Edlx¢ak;} . bTfa xibitM ¬EdleKxakesþaH¦

)andl; mnÞilEdlecjBImat; RBmTaMgTwkmat;EdlesþaH . bTfa

exLM )andl; Twkmat; . bTfa sigÇaNikM ¬sMe)ar¦ )andl; mnÞil

EdlhUrecjBIxYr ehIyhUrecjtamRcmuH . bTfa sielsumM )an

dl; esøsµ . bTfa vsBa© DyðmananM )andl; xøaj;rav nig

xøaj;rbs;saksBEdlRtÚvdutelIeCIgfár . bTfa viCatanBa© ela-

hitM ¬elahitmnÞilKP’rbs;®sþIEdlRbsUtibutþ¦ )andl; elahit

rbs;RsIRbsUtibutþ . mnÞilKP’ elakrYmeday c sBÞ . bTfa

1¦ bidk = xub, i)asasmb,ita .

-193- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOgsarIbutþmatuebtvtßúTI 2

vNikanM¬1¦ ¬dMe)A¦ )andl; dMe)AEdlekIteLIg . bTfa yM P¢ab;

edaybTfa yM elahitM . bTfa XansIscäin ñanM ¬EdlRtÚvkat;

RcmuH nigsIrS³¦ )andl; elahitNa rbs;GñkRtÚvkat;RcmuH nig

RtÚveKkat;sIrS³ . GFib,ayfa {´suInUvelahitenaH} . Baküfa

EdlRtÚvkat;RcmuH nigsIrS³ enH CamatikaéneTsna . eRBaHbT

fa EdlRtÚvkat;RcmuH nigsIrS³ enH Kb,IeXIjfa {eRBaHehtuEdl

elahitsUm,Irbs;CnEdlRtÚvkat;éd nigeCIgCaedIm ´k¾suIdUcKña}

mü:ageTot edaybTfa TICadMe)A enH Kb,IeXIjfa {elakrYmyk

elahitrbs;CnEdlRtÚvkat;éd nigkat;eCIgCaedImenaHpg} . bTfa

xuTaberta )andl; CaGñkRtÚvesckþIeRskXøanRKbsgát; . eday

bTfa \tßiburisnisSitM enH nageRbtsEmþgfa {´nwgsuIEs,k sac;

srés nigxÞúHCaedIm EdlGaRs½yragkayénRsI nigburs nigy:ag

déTtamEdleBalehIy} .

bTfa bsUnM ¬bsustV¦ )andl; énBEB eKa nigRkbICaedIm .

1¦ bidk = vNitanBa © .


bTfa GelNa ¬minmanTIBYn¦ )andl; minmanTIBwg . bTfa

GnKara ERbfa minmanTIenA . bTfa nIlmBa©brayna ¬edkelI

ERKkñúgéRBexµac¦ )andl; edkelIERKEdlkxVk; EdleKe)aHbg;ecal

kñúgéRBexµac . mü:ageTot épÞdIéRBexµaceRcIneTAedayepH nigFüÚg

elaksMedAykfa nIl . GFib,ayfa edkpÞal;nwgdIéRBexµacenaH

dUcedkelIERK} . bTfa GnVaTisahi em ¬]TÞisdl;Em:xøH¦ esckþI

fa kUncUr[btþiTan]TÞis edaycMENkbuNüEdl[ehIynwgseRmc

dl;Em:)an . bTfa Geb,v nam mueBa©yüM buBVelahitePaCna ¬dUc

emþchñ+ Em:eTIbnwgputcakkarsuIx Þ úH nigQam¦ esckþIfa dUcemþchñ+

Em:nwgKb,IrYcputCIviteRbt EdlmanxÞúH nigQamCaGaharenaH eRBaH

kar]TÞ isrbs;kUn .

RBHsarIbutþetßr )ansþab;dUecñaHehIy kñúgéf¶TI 2 eTIbehARBH

efr³ 3 r Ub manRBHmhaemaKÁløanetßrCaedImmk RBmedayRBHefr³

TaMgenaH Rtac;eTAbiNÐ)atkñúgRkúgraCRKwH )aneTAdl;RBHraCnievsn_

rbs;RBH)aTBim<isar . RBHraCaeXIjRBHefr³ehIy eTIbsYrdl;ehtu


énkarnimnþmkfa {elakm©as; elaknimnþmkeFVIGV I?} RBHmhaemaKÁ-

løan eTIb)anTUlerOgenaHdl;RBHraCa . RBHraCaRtas;fa {ejam

dwgehIy} eTIblaRBHefr³ Rtas;bgÁab;[ehAGamatüGñkCMnYsRBH

GgÁmk RTg;Rtas;bgÁab;fa {GñkcUrsagkudi 4 xñg Tukkñ úgTIEdl

sm,Úrmøb; nigTwk d¾viciRt minq¶ayBIRkúg} . ÉxagkñúgRBHraCvaMg

[EbgEck ¬mnusS¦ Ca 3 BYk edayeRCIserIsmnusSmanCMnaj

RKb;RKan; ehIy[TTYlxusRtÚv ¬kñúgkarksag¦ kudi 4 xñg . ÉRBHGgÁ

pÞal;esþck¾yageTAkñ úgTIenaH RTg;)aneFV IRBHraCkrNIykic©EdlKYr

eFV I . kalkudiseRmcehIy eTIb[eRtomBlikmµTaMgGs; cUleTA

tmál;)ay Twk nigsMBt;CaedIm nigeRKÓgbrikçarRKb;y:agEdlsmKYr

dl;Pikç úsgÇmkGMBITisTaMg 4 manRBHBuT§CaRbFan ehIybeg¥an

fVayvtßúTaMgGs;enaH cMeBaHRBHsarIbutþetßr . lMdab;enaH RBHefr³

)anfVayvtßúTaMgGs;enaHdl;PikçúsgÇEdlmkGMBITisTaMg 4 manRBHBuT§

CaRbFan rYc]TÞ isdl;nageRbtenaH . nageRbtenaH)anGnuemaTna

cMENkbuNüenaHehIy k¾)aneTAekItkñúgeTvelak CaGñkdl;RBmeday


vtßúCaTIR)afñaRKb;y:ag . kúñgéf¶eRkaymk k¾)ancUleTArkRBHmha

emaKÁløanetßr fVaybgÁMehIy)anQrkñúgTId¾smKYr . RBHefr³)an

sYrnag . nag)anR)ab;ehtuEdlxøÜnekItCaeRbt nigekItCaeTvta

eTotedayBisþar . eRBaHehtuenaH elakeTIbeBalfa

RBHsarIbutþGñkmancitþGnueRKaH )ansþab;Bakü

rbs;mataehIy eTIbRbwkSaCamYyRBHemaKÁløan RBH

GnuruT § nigRBHkb,in ehIy[sagkudi 4 xñg fVay

kudi TaMg)ay nigTwkcMeBaHRBHsgÇEdlmkGMBITis

TaMg 4 ]TÞiscMENkkusleTA[mata . kñúgrMeBc

enaHÉg lµmnwgRBHsarIbutþetßr]TÞiscMENkkusl[

vi)ak KW )ay Twk nigsMBt;k¾ekIteLIg enHCapl

énTkçiNa . eRkaymk nagmanragkaybrisuT§

s¥at esøókdNþb;sMBt;EdlmantémøéRklgCagsMBt;

EdnkasI Rbdab;edayvtßaPrN_d¾viciRt cUleTArkRBH

mhaemaKÁløanetßr .

-197- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOgsarIbutþmatuebtvtßúT I 2

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa segÇ catuTÞ ies GTa ¬fVaysgÇ

EdlmkGMBITisTaMg 4¦ esckþIfa )anfVay KW beg¥anfVay cMeBaH

sgÇEdlmkGMBITisTaMg 4 . Baküd¾essmann½ydUceBalehIy

enaHÉg .

lMdab;enaH RBHmhaemaKÁløan sYrnageRbtenaHfa

EnnageTvFIta nagmanvNÑ³l¥éRkElg PøW

sVagTUeTAsBVTis sßitenAehIy dUcCapáayRBwk nag

vNÑ³R)akddUecñH eRBaHkmµGV I \dæplrEmgseRmc

dl;nagkñúgvimanenH eRBaHkmµGVI TaMgePaK³RKb;y:ag

EdlCaTIeBjcitþ rEmgekIteLIgdl;nag eRBaHkmµ

GV I .

EnnageTvFIta GñkmanGanuPaBeRcIn GatµaPaB

sUmsYrnag kalnagCamnusS )aneFVIbuNüGVIT uk

mYyeTot nagmanGanuPaBrugerOg nigmanrsµIkay

PøWsVageTARKb;T isy:agenH eRBaHbuNüGVI .


lMdab;enaH nageTIbeqø Iytb edayn½ymanCaedImfa {´Ca

matarbs;RBHsarIbutþ} . Baküd¾ess mann½ydUceBalehIyenaH

Ég . lMdab;enaH RBHmhaemaKÁløanetßr )anRkabTUlerOgenaHcMeBaH

RBHmanRBHPaK . RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;eFV IerOgenaH[CaGtßúb,tþ iehtu

ehIyRTg;sEmþgFm’dl;bris½TEdlmkRbCuMKñakñ úgTIenaH .

eTsnaenaH)anCaRbeyaCn_dl;mhaCn dUenñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa sarIbutþetßrmatuebtivtßúTI 2

3

-199- Gdækfa ]B Vr IvKÁ erOgmtþaebtivtßúTI 3

Gdðkza mtþaebtivtæúTI 3

{ mnusSkacsøab;eTAekItCanageRbt}

[15] kalRBHsasþaRbfab;enAkñúgRBHvihareCtBn RTg;R)arB§

nageRbteQµaHfa mtþa eTIbRtas;RBHKafaenH manBaküepþImfa nKÁa

TuBVNÑrU)asi ¬EnnageRbtEdlsÁmsÁaMg manEteRKagq¥wg nagCaGñk

GaRkatkay manrUbragKYrex< Im¦ dUecñH .

)anB¤fa kñúgRkúgsavtßI mankudum<ik³mñak; CaGñkmansT§a man

esckþIRCHføa EtPriyarbs;eK minmansT§a minmanesckþIRCHføa

eRcInedayesckþIeRkaF nigCa®sþIGar maneQµaHfa mtþa . lMdab;

enaH kudum< ik³enaH eRBaHxøacvgSRtkUlsabsUnü eTIb)annaM®sþIdéT

eQµaHfa tisSa mkBIRtkUlesµIKña . nagCaGñkmansT§a manesckþI

RCHføa TaMgCaTIRsLaj; CaTIeBjcitþrbs;sVamI . minyUrb:unµan

nagk¾manKP’ edayknøgeTA 10 Ex nageTIbRbsUtbuRtmñak; . buRt

enaHmaneQµaHfa PUt³ . nagCa®sþIempÞH ]bdæakPikçú 4 rUb eday

eKarB . cMENkÉ®sþIGarRcENnnwgnag .


éf¶mYy ®sþITaMgBIrnak;enaH kk;sk; )anQrTaMgsk;enAesIm

enaHÉg . kudum< ik³manesckþIesñhakñ úgnag tisSa edayGMNac

KuN KW esckþIl¥ k¾mancitþrIyray )anQrcrcay:ageRcInCamYy

nagtisSaenaH . nagmtþaGt;RTaMcMeBaHehtukarN_enaHBu M)an RtÚv

esckþIb£süaRKbsgát; eTIbyksRmamEdle)asKrTukkñ úgpÞH mk

erayelIk,alrbs;nagtisSa . sm½ytmk nagmtþaeFVIkal³ehIy

k¾)aneTAekItkñúgkMeNIteRbt esayTukç 5 Rbkar eRBaHkmøaMgénkmµ

rbs;xø Ün . k¾TukçenaH nwgdwg)antamRBH)alIenaHÉg . eRkaymk

éf¶mYy nageRbtenaH kalkmµknøgeTA eTIbsEmþgxøÜndl;nagtisSa

EdlkMBuggUtTwkenAxageRkaypÞH . nagtisSaeXIjnagenaH eTIb

sYredayKafafa

EnnageRbtd¾sÁm manEteRKagq¥wg nagCaGñk

GaRkatkay manrUbragKYrex< Im sÁa MgsÁm manxø Ün

rvamedaysrés nagCanrNahñ+ mkQrenAkñ úgTI

enH .

-201- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOgmtþaebtivtßúTI 3

cMENknageRbt )an[cemøIyedayKafafa

kalmun éQµaHmtþa nageQµaHtisSa Ca

RsIr YmsVamICamYynag )aneFV Ikmµd¾GaRkk;Tuk eTIb

cakGMBImnusSelakenH eTAkan;ebtelak .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa GhM mtþa tuvM tisSa ERbfa éQµaH

mtþa nageQµaHtisSa . bTfa buer ¬kalmun¦ )andl; kñúgGtþPaB

mun . bTfa et ¬CamYynag¦ esckþIfa ´)anCaRsIrYmsVamICamYy

nag . GFib,ayfa {)anmanehIy} nagtisSaeTIbsYrdl;kmµEdl

eKeFV IT uk edayKafaeTotfa

nag)aneFVIkmµGaRkk;GVITukedaykay vaca citþ

b¤edayvi)akénkmµGV I eTIbnagXøatGMBImnusSelak

enH eTAkan;ebtelak .

cMENknageRbt eTIbR)ab;kmµEdlxøÜneFVITuk

edayKafaeTot fa

ĆaRsIkac nigeRKatRKat eRcInedayesckþI


Rbc½NÐ manesckþIkMNaj; CaGñkGYtGag )aneBal

vacaGaRkk;nwgnag eTIbXøatcakmnusSelakenH eTA

kan;ebtelak .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa cNÐI ¬kac¦ )andl; GñkeRcIneday

esckþIeRkaF . bTfa prusa ¬eRKatRKat¦ )andl; GñkeRcIneBal

BaküeRKatRKat . bTfa Gasw ERbfa )aneBalehIy . bTfa

tahM kat;bTCa tM GhM . bTfa Turut þ M ¬vacaGaRkk;¦ )andl;

eBalBaküGaRkk; KW BaküEdlminmanRbeyaCn_ . xagmuxGMBIenH

eTA RsITaMgBIrnak;enaH )anRbkasKafaedaykareBal nigkareqøIy

qøgKña dUcteTAenH

tisSa ³ erOgTaMgGs;enaHmanBit sUm,I´k¾dwgfa nagCa

RsIqñas; y:agNa EtR)afñanwgsYrnagRtwmEtmü:ag nag

mansrIr³RbLak;edayGacm_dI eRBaHkmµGV I .

nageRbt ³ nagnwg´naMKñagUtTwkehIy esøókdNþb;sMBt;

d¾s¥at tubEtgragkay Et´tubEtgragkay

-203- Gdækfa ]BVrIvKÁ erOgmtþaebtivtß úTI 3

erobryéRkElgCagnag kal´RkeLkemIl

nagsñiT§sñalCamYysVamI lMdab;enaH esckþI

b£süa nigesckþIeRkaF )anekItdl;Ćaxøa Mg

rMeBcenaH éTIbRsvaykGacm_dIeraydak;nag

´mansrIr³RbLak;edayGacm_dI eRBaHvi)akén

kmµenaH .

tisSa ³ erOgTaMgGs;enaHmanBit sUm,I´k¾dwgfa nag

ykFUlIeraydak;´ Et´bMNgnwgsYrnagRtwm

Etmü:ag nagRtÚveraKkmrmas;eBjxøÜn eRBaH

kmµGV I .

nageRbt ³ eyIgTaMgBIr CaGñkrkfñaM )annaMKñaeTAéRB cMENk

nagrkfña M)an EtńaMykEpøExJrmk kalnag

mindwg ´)anerayExJrelITIedkrbs;nag ´man

eraKkmrmas;eBjxøÜn eRBaHvi)akénkmµenaH .

tisSa ³ erOgTaMgGs;enaHmanBit sUm,I´k¾dwgfa nag


erayEpøExJrelIT Iedkrbs;´ Et´R)afñanwgsYr

nagkñúgehtumYy nagCaGñkGaRkatkay eRBaHkmµGVI .

nageRbt ³ éf¶mYy mankarRbCuMmitþsmøaj; nigjatiTaMgLay

cMENknag)anTTYlkarGeBa¢Ij EtÉdlrYmsVamI

CamYynag minmannrNaGeBa¢Ij kalnagePøc

xø Ün ´)anlYcsMBt;rbs;nageTAlak; ĆaGñk

GaRkatkay eRBaHvi)akénkmµenaH .

tisSa ³ erOgTaMgGs;enaHmanBit sUm,I´k¾dwgfa nag)an

lYcsMBt;rbs;éTAlak; Et´R)afñanwgsYrnag

kñúgehtumYy nagmankø inkayGaRkk;dUclamk

eRBaHkmµGV I .

nageRbt ³ ´)anlYceRKÓgRkGUb páaeQI nigeRKÓglab

d¾mantémørbs;nag eTAecalkñúgreNþAlamk

)abenaH ´)aneFVITukehIy ´mankøinkays¥úy

dUclamk eRBaHehtuvi)akénkmµenaH .


tisSa ³ erOgTaMgGs;enaHmanBit sUm,I´k¾)andwgfa )ab

enaH nageFV IT ukehIy Et´R)afñan wgsYrnagkñúg

ehtumYy nagCaGñkTal;Rk eRBaHvi)akénkmµ

GV I .

nageRbt ³ RTBüNamanenAkñúgpÞH RTBüenaHrbs;eyIgTaMg

BIr manesµI² Kña kaleTyüFm’man ´min)an

eFVITIBwgdl;xøÜn ´CaGñkTal;Rk eRBaHvi)akénkmµ

enaH RKaenaH nag)ansþIfa eBaldas;etOn´

hammin[eFVI)abkmµfa nagnwgmin)ansuKti

eRBaHkmµd¾lamkeLIy .

tisSa ³ nagmineCOtameyIg nigRcENneyIg sUmnag

cUremIlvi)akénkmµd¾lamkenH kalmun nag

TasI nigeRKÓgGaPrN³TaMgLay manehIy

kñúgpÞHrbs;nag Et\LÚvenH nagTasIrbs;nag

naMKñaecamerambuKÁldéT ePaK³TaMgLay k¾min


mandl;nagedayBit evlaenH kudum<ik³Cabita

PUtbutþrbs;eyIg eTApSarehIy nagkuMeTAGMBI

TIenH ERkgeKnwg[GVIdl;nagxøH .

nageRbt ³ ĆaRsIGaRkatkay manrUbragKYrex< Im sÁa Mg

sÁm manxøÜnrvamedaysrés karGaRkatkay

nigmanrUbragKYrex<Im CaedImenH CakarjúaMgnUv

esckþIeGonxµasrbs;®sþITaMgLay[keRmIk sUm

kuM[bitarbs;PUtbutþ)aneXIjéLIy .

tisSa ³ ebIdUecñaH ńwg[GVI b¤eFVIbuNüGVI[dl;nag nag

eTIbnwg)anesckþIsux RBmTaMgvtßúEdlKYrR)afña

TaMgBYg)an .

nageRbt ³ sUmnagcUrnimnþPikçúGMBIsgÇ 4 rUb nigGMBIbuKÁl

4 rUb rYmCa 8 rUb [qan;Ptþahar ehIy

]TÞiscMENkbuNü[´ kaleFVIy:agenaH éTIb

nwg)anesckþIsux RBmedayvtßúEdlKYrR)afña

-207- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOgmtþaebtivtß úTI 3

TaMgBYg)an .

nagtisSaTTYlBaküehIy nimnþPikç ú 8 rUb [

qan;Ptþahar [RKgéRtcIvr ehIy]TÞiscMENk

kusldl;nageRbtenaH lµmeBlnagtisSa

]TÞiscMENkkusl[ rMeBcenaHÉg vi)ak KW

)ay eRKÓgesøókdNþb; nigTwk )anekIteLIg

enHCaplénTkçiNakñúgxN³enaHÉg nageRbt

manragkaybrisuT§s¥at esøókdNþb;sMBt;d¾

mantémøCagsMBt;EdnkasI Rbdab;edaysMBt;

nigGaPrN³d¾viciRt cUleTArknagtisSaCaRsI

rYmsVamI .

tisSa ³ EnnageTvFIta nagmanvNÑ³s¥atNas; BnøW

k¾Pø WsVagsBVTis dUcpáayRBwk nagmanvNÑ³

dUecñH eRBaHkmµGVI \dæplseRmcdl;nagkñúg

vimanenH nigePaK³RKb;y:agCaTIeBjcitþ rEmg


ekIteLIgdl;nag eRBaHkmµGV I EnnageTvFIta

GñkmanGanuPaBeRcIn ´sUmsYrnag kalnag

ekItCamnusS )aneFVIbuNüGVITuk mYyeTot nag

manGanuPaBd¾rugerOg nigrsµIPøWsVageTARKb;Tis

y:agenH eRBaHkmµGVI .

eTBFIta ³ kalmun ´eQµaH mtþa nageQµaH tisSa Ca

RsIr YmsVamICamYynag ´)aneFVIkmµd¾lamkTuk

eTIbcakmnusSelakenH eTAkan;ebtelak .

´GnuemaTanTanEdlnag[ehIy eTIbminman

P½yGMBINa mñalb¥Ún sUmnagRBmTaMgjati

RKb;Kña cUrmanGayuyWnyUrcuH b¥ÚnRsId¾l¥ cUr

nagRbRBwtþFm’ nig[TankñúgelakenHehIy nwg

cUldl;zan³EdlminesakesA R)ascakFUlI

putP½y EdlCaTIenAénvsvtþI nagkm©at;mnÞil

KW esckþIk MNaj;RBmTaMgbJs EdlnrNa ²


tiHedolmin)an nwgcUldl;elaksYK’ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa sBVM Ghm,i Canami yfa tVM cNÐika

Ghu ¬erOgTaMgGs;manBit sUm,I´k¾dwgfa nagCaRsIkacy:agNa¦

esckþIfa BaküEdlnageBalfa {eyIgCaRsIkac nigmanvacaGaRkk;}

TaMgGs;enaH sUm,I´k¾dwgfa nagCaRsIkac eRcInedayesckþIeRkaF

manvacaeRKatRKat RcENn kMNaj; nigGYtGag . bTfa GBaØBa©

exa tM bucäami ¬nwgnagkñúgehtumYy¦ esckþIfa \LÚvenH {eyIgsUm

sYrnagkñúgehtumYyeTot . bTfa eknasi bMsukun ß ita ¬nagman

srIr³RbLak;FUlIeRBaHkmµGVI¦ esckþIfa nagCaGñkRbLak;edaysRmam

nigFUlI CaGñkmanragkayKYrex<ImedayRbkarTaMgBYg eRBaHkmµGV I? .

bTfa sIsM nðata ¬gUtTwkehIy¦ )andl; gUtTwkTaMgsIrS³ .

bTfa GFimtþM ¬éRkElgCag¦ )andl; manRbmaNéRkElgCag .

bTfa smlgáttra¬1¦ ¬tubEtgragkayerobry¦ )andl; Rbdab;

edayl¥ KW l¥éRkElg . )alIfa GFimtþa dUecñHk¾man . GFi-

1¦ bidk = smlgátra .


b,ayfa {CaGñkRsvwg KW CaGñkRsvwgedaymanHy:agéRkElg KW

GaRs½ymanH} . bTfa tya ¬nag¦ )andl; Edlnagd¾ceRmIn .

bTfa samiekn smnþyi ¬sñiT §sñalCamYysVamI¦ esckþIfa nag

eBalcrcaR)aRs½yCamYysVamI .

bTfa xC¢si kcäúya¬1¦ ¬eraKkmeBjxøÜn¦ esckþIfa nagRtÚv

eraKkmrmas;sIu KW ebotebon . bTfa ePsC¢harI ¬CaGñkrkfña M¦

)andl; GñkrkfñaM KW GñknaM»sfmk . bTfa ]Peya ERbfa TaMg

BIrnak; . GFib,ayfa {nagnwg´} . bTfa vnnþ M ERbfa eTAkan;

éRB . bTfa tVBa© ePsC¢mahri ¬cMENknagrkfña M)an¦ esckþIfa

cMENknagrkfñaMEdlnaM]bkar³mkdl;xøÜn tamEdleBTüR)ab; . bT

fa GhBa© kbikcäúena ¬Et´naMykEpøExJrmk¦ esckþIfa Et´)annaMyk

EpøExJr KW EpøeQIEdlmanpsS³GaRkk;mk[ . mü:ageTot esckþI

fa vlø×EdlekItÉg elakehAfa kbikcäú eRBaHdUecñaH ´eTIbnaMyk

søwk nigEpøénvlø×EdlekItÉgmk . bTfa esyüM tüahM semakirw

1¦ bidk = xC¢ami kcä úya .


esckþIfa ´ykEpø nigsøwkExJrerayelITIedkrbs;nag .

bTfa shayanM ¬BYkshay¦ )andl; mitþ . bTfa sm-

eya ERbfa karRbCu M . bTfa jatInM ¬jatiTaMgLay¦ )andl;

epABgS . bTfa smiti ERbfa karRbCu M . bTfa Gamnþita ¬nag

)anTTYlGeBa¢ Ij¦ esckþIfa nagRtÚvGeBa¢ IjedaykareFV ImgÁl .

bTfa ssaminI ¬GñkrYmsVamI¦ esckþIfa RsIGñkmansVamIrYmKña KW

GñkrYmbþI . bTfa ena c exahM¬1¦ ¬cMENk´minmannrNaGeBa¢Ij¦

esckþIfa cMENk´min)anGeBa¢IjeLIy . bTfa TusSM tüahM kat;

bTCa TusSM et GhM . bTfa G)anuTw ¬)anlYc¦ )andl; ´)an

lYc KW )ankan;ykedayGakarlYc .

bTfa bc©KÇM ¬mantémø¦ )andl; fµI b¤mantémøeRcIn . bTfa

Gtaersw¬2¦ ¬ecal¦ )andl; e)aHecal . bTfa KUfKn§inI ¬mankøin

s¥úydUclamk¦ )andl; Gñkmankø indUckøinlamk KW sayPayeTA

edaykøin]c©ar³ .

bidk = 1¦ ena c exa GhM / 2¦ GFaersw .


bTfa yM eKeh viC¢et FnM ¬RTBüNamanehIykñúgpÞH¦ man

esckþIfa eyIgTaMgBIr KW nag nig´ manRTBüEdlekIteLIgkñúg

pÞHesµIKña KW b: unKña . bTfa senþsu ERbfa manehIy . bTfa

TIbM )andl; TIBwg . elakeBalsMedAykbuBaØkmµ .

nageRbtenaH luHR)ab;esckþIEdlnagtisSasYry:agenHehIy

kalnwgRbkaskMhus EdlxøÜnmin)aneFVItamBakürbs;nagtisSaenaH

kñ úgkalmun )aneFVIehIy dEdleTot eTIbeBalBakümanCaedImfa

{kñúgevlaenaHÉg nag)aneBaldas;etOn´} .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa teTv ERbfa kñúgkalenaH² Ég KW

kñúgevlaEdleyIgtaMgenAkñúgGtþPaBCamnusSenaHÉg . )alIfa tefv

dUecñHk¾man . GFib,ayfa {kmµEdlekIteLIgkñúgeBlenH y:agNa

kmµenaHk¾Cay:agenaHdUcKña} . nageRbtsEmþgGagdl;xøÜnÉgfa mM .

bTfa tVM ¬nag¦ )andl; nUvnagtisSa . bTfa Gvc ERbfa )an

eBalehIy . k¾edIm,InwgsEmþgdl;GakarEdlnagtisSaeBal elak

eTIb)aneBalBakümanCaedImfa )abkmµM ¬kmµGaRkk;¦ . )alIfa )a-


bkmµani dUecñHk¾man . nagtisSaeBalfa {nag ¬nagmtþa¦ eFV Ikmµ

GaRkk;Etmü:ag nagmin)ansuKtiedayl¥ eRBaHkmµGaRkk; . eday

Bit )anEtTuKÁtib:ueNÑaH} . nageRbteBalfa {nag ¬tisSa¦ )an

eBal KW [»vaT´kñúgkalmun edayGakarNa kmµenaHk¾rEmgman

edayGakarenaH² Ég .

nagtisSa)ansþab;dUecñaHehIy eTIb)aneBal 3 Kafa eday

n½yCaedImfa nagmineCOtameyIg dUecñH . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa

vameta mM tVM bec©si ¬nagmineCOtameyIg¦ esckþIfa nageCOeyIg

edayGakarxuspÞúyKña KW nagRbkan;nwgeyIg sUm,ICaGñkEsVgrk

RbeyaCn_edIm,Inag eFVIxø ÜnCasRtÚv . bTfa mM ]sUysi¬1¦ ERbfa

nagRcENneyIg KW eFV IkarRcENnnwgeyIg . bTfa bsS )a)anM

kmµanM vi)aeka ehati yaTiesa ¬sUmnagcUremIlvi)akénkmµd¾lamk

enH¦ esckþIfa nageRbteBalfa {nagcUremIlvi)akénkmµGaRkk;d¾

kacsahavenaH edayRbckScuH} .

1¦ bidk = mM ]sSúyüti .


bTfa et GeBaØ bricaernþi¬1¦ ¬nagTasIrbs;nagnaMKñaecameram

GñkdéT¦ esckþIfa TasIkñ úgpÞHrbs;nag nigeRKÓgGaPrN³TaMgenH

EdlnaghYgEhgTukkñúgkalmun \LÚvenH k¾beRmIGñkdéT KW GñkdéT

eRbIR)as; . BitehIy bTfa \em enH elakeBaledayligÁvib-

laøs . bTfa n ePaKa ehanþ i ssSta ¬ePaK³TaMgLayrEmg

minmanedayBit¦ esckþIfa FmµtaePaK³TaMgenH mineTogTat; KW min

zitefr Carbs;beNþaHGasnñ nwgmankarlHbg;eTA . GFib,ayfa

{eRBaHdUecñaH minKYreFV InUvesckþIRcENn nigesckþIkMNaj;CaedIm

edIm,IRbeyaCn_enaH} .

bTfa \Tani PUtsS bita ¬\LÚvenH bitaPUt³¦ esckþIfa

\LÚvenH kudum< ik³EdlCabitarbs;PUt³ CabuRtrbs;eyIg . bTfa

GabNa ¬mkBIpSar¦ esckþIfa eKnwgmk KW nwgRtLb;GMBIpSarmk

kan;pÞHenH . bTfa Geb,v et TeT kiBa© i ¬ERkgeK[GVIx øHdl;nag¦

esckþIfa kudum< ik³mkdl;pÞHehIyKg;nwg[eTyüFm’xøH EdlKYrnwg

[dl;nag . bTfa ma su tav \eta GKa ¬nagku MTan;eTAGMBITI

1¦ bidk = brivaernþ i .


enH¦ esckþIfa nagtisSa kalnwgGnueRKaHnageRbtenaH eTIbeBal

fa {CadMbUg nagkuMTan;eTAGMBITIenH KW GMBITIpÞHenH} .

nageRbt)ansþab;dUecñaH kalnwgRbkasGFüaRs½yrbs;xø Ün

eTIbeBalKafamanCaGaTifa {´GaRkatkay manrUbragKYrex<Im} dUecñH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa ekabInemtM \tßIn M ¬karGaRkatkayCaedIm

enH CakarjúaMgekrþ×xµasrbs;®sþITaMgLay[keRmIk¦ esckþIfa PaB

CamnusSGaRkatkay nigmanrUbragKYrex<ImCaedImenH Carbs;KYrxµas

eGon KW KYrnwgbiT)aMgsRmab;®sþITaMgLay eRBaHCaGvyv³RtÚvEt

biT)aMg . bTfa ma mM PUtbitaTÞs ¬sUmku M[bitarbs;PUt³)an

eXIjéLIy¦ esckþIfa nageRbtxµaseGon eBalfa {eRBaHehtu

enaH kudum< ik³EdlCabitarbs;PUt³ kuM)aneXIjéLIy} .

nagtisSa luH)ansþab;dUecñaHehIy eTIbekItesckþIGaNit

eBalKafafa {eNðIycuH eyIgnwg[GVIdl;nagxøH} . bNþabTTaMg

enaH bTfa hnÞ Cani)at eRbIkñúgGtßfa das;etOn . bTfa kw va

tüahM Tmµi ¬bidk = kw tüahM Tmµ i¦ ¬ńwg[vtßúGV Idl;nag¦ esckþIfa


ńwg[GVIdl;nag KW nwg[sMBt; b¤Gahar . bTfa kw va etF

keramhM¬1¦ ¬b¤eFVIbuNüGVI[dl;nagkñúgTIenH¦ esckþIfa ńwgeFVI]b-

kar³GV Idl;nagxøH kñ úgTIenH KW kñ úgevlaenH .

nageRbt)ansþab;dUecñaHehIy eTIbeBalKafafa PikçúGMBIsgÇ

4 rUb dUecñH . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa ctþaera Pikç Ú sgÇeta

ctþaera bn buKÁel ¬Pikç úGMBIsgÇ 4 rUb nigGMBIbuKÁl 4 rUb¦

esckþIfa nagcUr[Pikç ú 8 rUb qan;tamesckþIeBjcitþ y:agenHKW

GMBIPikçúsgÇ KW GMBIsgÇ 4 rUb GMBIbuKÁl 4 rUb dUecñH ehIy]TÞis

cMENkbuNüenaHdl;´ KW cUr[btþiTandl;ćuH . bTfa tTahM

suxita ehsSM ¬kaleFVIy:agenaH ńwg)anesckþIsux¦ esckþIfa

kñ úgevlaEdlnag]TÞiscMENkbuNüdl;´ ´)anTTYlesckþIsux KW

dl;nUvesckþIsuxehIy

nwgCaGñksm,ÚreTAedayvtßúEdlKYrR)afñaRKb; y:ag .

nagtisSa luH)ansþab;dUecñaHehIy eTIb)anR)ab;esckþIenaH

1¦ bidk = kw va c et keramhM .


dl;sVamIrbs;xø Ün kñ úgéf¶TI 2 eTIb[Pikç ú 8 rUbqan;ehIy ]TÞis

cMENkbuNüdl;nageRbt rMeBcenaHÉg nageRbtk¾)anTTYlTiBVsm,tþi

eTIbRtLb;eTArknagtisSavij . edIm,InwgsEmþgnUvesckþIenaH

RBH sgÁItikacarüTaMgLayeTIb)antaMg 3 Kafa manCaGaTifa

nagtisSa TTYlBaküehIy .

cMENknagtisSa )ansYrnageTBFItaEdlcUleTAQrehIy

eday 3 Kafa manCaGaTifa nagmansm,úrl¥éRkElg . cMENk

nageTBFIta eTIbR)ab;erOgrbs;xø ÜnedayKafafa ´eQµaHmtþa ehIy

)an[GnuemaTnadl;nagtisSa edayKafaCaedImfa cUrmanGayuyWn

yUrcuH dUecñHehIy )an[»vaTedayKafafa cUrRbRBwtþFm’kñ úgelak

enH dUecñHCaedIm . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa tv Tienñn¬1¦ ¬Edlnag

[ehIy¦ )andl; TanEdlnag[ehIy . bTfa GesakM virC¿

zanM ¬zan³EdlminesakesA R)ascakFUlI¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa

Gesak³ eRBaHminmanesckþIesak . mü:ageTot zan³EdlCaTiBV

eQµaHfa virC³ eRBaHminmanFUlI KW ejIsEk¥l . TaMgGs;enaH nag

1¦ bidk = tv Tenn .


eTBFIta eBalsMedAykeTvelak . bTfa GavasM ¬TIenA¦ )andl;

sßanTI . bTfa vsvtþin M ¬esþcvsvtþI¦ )andl; eTvtaTaMgLay

EdlpSayGMNacrbs;xÜ øn edayPaBCaGFibtIEdlCaTiBV . bTfa

smUlM ¬RBmTaMgbJs¦ )andl; RbRBwtþeTACamYyelaP³ nigeTas³ .

BitehIy elaP³ nigeTas³ eQµaHfa CamUlénesckþIkMNaj; .

bTfa GninÞita ¬EdlnrNa² tiHedolmin)an¦ )andl; nrNa² ninÞa

min)an KW KYrsresIr . bTfa sKÁmuebsi zanM ¬nwgcUldl;elak

sYK’¦ esckþIfa cUrtaMgenAkñúgzan³EdlCaTiBV Edl)annamfa sKÁ³

eRBaHRbesIrelIsedayl¥ edayGarmµN_TaMgLaymanrUbCaedIm .

GFib,ayfa {mansuKtiCaTIeTAxagmux} . Baküd¾essmanesckþI

gayehIy .

lMdab;enaH nagtisSa )anR)ab;erOgr:avenaHdl;kudum< ik³ .

kudum< ik³eTIb)anR)ab;dl;PikçúTaMgLay . Pikç úTaMgLayeTIbRkabTUl

cMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaK . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg;eFV IerOgenaH[CaGtßú-

b,tþ iehtu eTIbRTg;sEmþgFm’dl;bris½TEdlmkRbCuMKñakñ úgTIenaH .


mhaCn)ansþab;Fm’enaH k¾)anesckþIsegVK eTIbkMcat;nUvmnÞilman

esckþIkMNaj;CaedIm CaGñkeRtkGrkñúgTan nigsIlCaedIm mannUv

suKtiCaTIeTAkñ úgelakxagmux dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa mtþaebtivtßúTI 3

3


Gdðkza nnÞaebtivtæúTI 4

{ mnusSkacsøab;eTAekItCanageRbt}

[16] kalRBHsasþa Rbfab;enAkñúgRBHvihareCtBn RTg;R)arB§

nageRbteQµaH nnÞa eTIb)anRtas;KafaenH manBaküepþ Imfa kaLI

TuBVNÑrU)asi ¬manmansm,úrex µA manrUbragKYrex< Im¦ dUecñH .

)anB¤fa kñ úgRsúkmYy enAminq¶ayGMBIRkúgsavtß Ib: unµan man

])askmñak;eQµaHfa nni Þesn CaGñkmansT§a manesckþIRCHføa .

cMENkÉPriyarbs;eK eQµaHfa nnÞa minmansT§a minmanesckþI

RCHføa CamnusSkMNaj; kac eBalvacaGaRkk; mineKarBekatERkg

sVamI eCrRbeTcmþayekµkedayvacafaCaecar . sm½ytmk nagnnÞa

enaHeFVIkal³ehIy eTAekItkñúgkMeNItCaeRbt sMEdgxøÜnkñúgTIminq¶ay

GMBIRsúkenaHÉg . nniÞesn])askeXIjnagenaH eTIb)aneBal

Kafafa

nagmansm,úrexµA manrUbragKYrex<Im xøÜnKeRKIm

KYrxøac manEPñkelOg mancgáÚmduHecjdUcRCÚk eyIg

-221- Gdækfa ]BVrIvKÁ erOgnnÞaebtivtß úTI 4

minsÁal;nagfanwgCamnusSb¤eT .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa kaLI ¬mansm,úrexµA¦ )andl; man

BN’sm,úrexµA . BitehIy sm,úrrbs;nageRbtenaH dUcCaFüÚg .

bTfa prusa ¬KeRKIm¦ )andl; manxøÜnKRKItKRKat . bTfa PIru-

TsSna ¬emIlKYrxøac¦ )andl; KYrRBWRBÜc KW manGakarKYrxøac .

)alIfa ParuTsSna dUecñHk¾man . GFib,ayfa {eXIjeKKYr[xøac

eBkNas; KW minKYremIl eRBaHmanBN’sm,úrexµACaedIm} . bT

fa bigÁla ERbfa GñkmanEPñkelOg . bTfa kLara ERbfa Gñk

mancgáÚmdUcRCÚk . bTfa n tM mBaØami manusw ¬eyIgminsÁal;

nagfaCamnusSb¤eT¦ esckþIfa eyIgminsMKal;nagfa CamnusSeT?

GFib,ayfa {EteyIgsMKal;nagfa CaRsIeRbt} . nageRbt)an

sþab;dUecñaHehIy kalnwgRbkasxøÜn eTIbeBalKafafa

bBiRtnniÞesn kalmun´eQaµHnnÞa CaPriya

rbs;elak )aneFVIkmµGaRkk;Tuk eTIbcakmnusSelak

enH eTAkan;ebtelak .

-222- brmtßTIbn I Gdækfa xuTÞknikay ebtvtßú

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa GhM nnÞa nnÞ iesn ERbfa bBiRt

nnÞiesn ´eQµaHfa nnÞa . bTfa Priya et buer GhuM ERbfa kñúg

Catimun ´)anCaPriyarbs;elak . tBIenHeTA ])askenaHsYrfa

nageFV IkmµGaRkk;GVIT uk edaykay vaca citþ

b¤edayvi)akénkmµGV I nagcakBImnusSelakenH eTA

kan;ebtelak .

lMdab;enaH nageRbteTIb)antbnwgnni Þesn])askfa

kalmun ´CaRsIkac manvacaGaRkk; min

eKarBelak niyayBaküGaRkk;eRKatRKatnwgelak

eTIbcakGMBImnusSelakenH eTAkan;ebtelak .

nniÞesn])ask sYreTotfa

eNðIycuH eyIgnwg[sMBt;esøókdl;nag sUm

nagcUresøóksMBt; luHesøóksMBt;enHehIy cUrmk

eyIgnwgnaMnageTApÞH nageTApÞHehIy nwg)ansMBt;

1¦ bidk = GhM nnÞa nnÞesn .

-223- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOgnnÞaebtivtß úTI 4

)ay nigTwk TaMg)anrIkraykñúgbutþ nigkUnRbsarbs;

nagpg .

lMdab;enaH nageRbteTIb)aneBalKafa 2 Kafa dl;nniÞesn

])askenaHfa

sMBt;enaH sUm,Ielak[dl;éd´ edayéd

rbs;elak k¾minseRmcRbeyaCn_dl;´)an sUm

elakcUrjúa MgPikç úTa MgLay EdlbribUN’edaysIl

CaGñkR)ascakraK³ CaBhusSÚt [Eq¥tsáb;sál;

eday)ay nigTwk ehIy]TÞiscMENkkusleTA[

´ kalelakeFVIy:agenaH ´nwgmanesckþIsux RBm

edayvtßúEdlKYrR)afñaTaMgBYg .

lMdab;enaH RBHsgÁItikacarüeBal 4 KafaenHfa

kalnniÞesn])ask TTYlBaküehIy )an

[Tand¾eRcIn KW )ay Twk rbs;TMBa sMBt; nig

esnasn³ qRt eRKÓgRkGUb páaeQI nigEs,keCIg


RbePTepSg² júa MgPikçúTa MgLay Gñksm,Úreday

sIl R)ascakraK³ CaBhUsUt [Eq¥tsáb;sál;

eday)ay nigTwk ehIy]TÞiscMENkkusleTA[

nagnnÞa . evlannÞ i])ask]TÞiscMENkkusl[

kñúgrMeBcenaHÉg vi)ak KW )ay eRKÓgesøókdNþb;

nigTwkpwk k¾ekIteLIg enHCaplénTkçiNa . kñúg

xN³enaHÉg nageRbtenaH manragkaybrisuT§s¥at

esøókdNþb;sMBt;y:ags¥at mantémøéføCagsMBt;

EdnkasI Rbdab;edayvtßaPrN³d¾viciRt cUleTArk

sVamI .

tGMBIenaH CaKafasaksYr rvag])askCamYynageRbtfa

EnnageTBFIta nagmansm,úrd¾rugerOg PøWTUeTA

sBVTis dUcCapáayRBwk nagmansm,úrl¥s¥atdUecñH

eRBaHkmµGV I \dæplrEmgseRmcdl;nagkñúgvimanenH

eRBaHkmµGVI TaMgePaK³RKb;y:agEdlCaTIeBjcitþ ekIt

-225- Gdækfa ]BVrIvKÁ erOgnnÞaebtivtß úTI 4

eLIgdl;nag eRBaHkmµGVI EneTBFIta GñkmanGanu-

PaBeRcIn ´sUmsYrnag kalnagekItCamnusS nag

eFVIbuNüGVITuk mYyeTot nagmanGanuPaBrugerOg nig

manrsµIPø WsVageTARKb;Tisy:agenH eRBaHkmµGV I .

mñalnnÞiesn kalmun´eQµaHnnÞa CaPriya

rbs;elak )aneFV IkmµGaRkk; eTIbcakmnusSelak

enHeTAkan;ebtelak ´)anGnuemaTnaTanEdlelak

[ehIy eTIbminmanP½yGMBITINa² mñalKhbtI

sUmelakRBmTaMgBYkjatiTaMgBYg cUrmanGayuyWn

yUrcuH mñalKhbtI elakRbRBwtþFm’ nig[Tankñúg

elakenHehIy nwgcUldl;sßanTIEdlminmanesak

R)ascakFUlI putP½y EdlCaTIenAénesþcvsvtþI

elakkm©at;mnÞ il KW esckþIk MNaj;RBmTaMgb£s

EdlnrNa² tiHedolmin)an nwgcUldl;elaksYK’ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa TanM vibulmakiri ¬)an[Tand¾eRcIn¦


esckþIfa elakKb,IjúaMgmhaTan[RbRBwtþeTAkñ úgextþénRBHTkçieN-

yübuKÁl dUcsabeRBaHBUC KW eTyüFm’ . Baküd¾essdUcerOgbnþ

bnÞab;KñamkenaHÉg .

nageTBFItaenaH luHRbkasTiBVsm,tþ irbs;xø Ün nigehtuén

sm,tþienaH dl;nni Þesn])asky:agenHehIy eTIb)aneTAkan;TIenA

rbs;xø Ünvij . ])askR)ab;erOgenaHdl;Pikç úTaMgLay . Pikç úTaMg

Lay eTIbRkabTUlcMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaK . RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;eFVI

erOgenaH[CaGtßúb,tþiehtu RTg;sEmþgFm’dl;bris½TEdlmkRbCMuKña

ehIy . eTsnaenaH )anCaRbeyaCn_dl;mhaCn dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa nnÞaebtivtßúTI 4

3

-227- Gdækfa ]BVrIvKÁ erOgmdækuNÐlIebtvtßúTI 5

Gdðkza mdðkuNÐlIebtvtæúTI 5

[17] kalRBHsasþa Rbfab;enAkñúgRBHvihareCtBn RTg;R)arB§

mdækuNÐlIeTvbuRt RTg;eTIbRtas;BaküepþImfa Glgáeta mdækuNÐlI

¬elaktak;Etgkay Rbdab;RkvilRtg;Rtecok¦ dUecñH . esckþIEdl

nwgKb,IeBalkñúgerOgmdækuNÐlIenaH elak)aneBalTukehIykñúgGdæ-

kfamdækuNÐlIvimanvtßú eQµaH brmtßTIbnI . eRBaHdUecñaH Kb,IRCab

edayn½ydUceBalTukkñ úgGdækfavimanvtßúenaHÉg .

kñúgTIenH erOgrbs;mdækuNÐlIenaH elakelIkeLIgrYbrYmTuk

kñúg)alIvimanvtßú eRBaHmdækuNÐlIeTvbuRtCaeTvtakñúgvimank¾Bit sUm,I

dUecñaH eRBaHehtuEdleTvbuRtenaH edIm,Inwgkm©at;esckþIesakrbs;

GTinñbuBVkRBahµN_ EdleTAkan;)a :qa edIrCu Mv ij)a:qayMERsk eRBaH

esckþIesakdl;buRt eTIbEkøgrUbeTvtarbs;xøÜn CamaNBmanragkay

eR)aHRBMedayxøwmcnÞnelOg pÁgédTaMg 2 yM sEmþgxøÜnedayGakar

EdlRtÚvesckþITukçRKbsgát; dUceRbt . sUm,ICaeRbtedayGm k¾

Gac)an eRBaHR)ascakGtþPaBmnusS dUecñaH Kb,IeXIjfa {erOg


rbs;mdækuNÐlIenaH elakeTIbelIkeLIgrYmTukkñúg)alIebtvtß ú} .

cb;Gdækfa mdækuNÐlIebtvtßúTI 5

3

-229- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOgkNðeRbtTI 6

Gdðkza kNØebtvtæúTI 6

{ esckþIR)fñaTnSayGMBIRBHcnÞ}

[18] RBHsasþa kalRbfab;enAkñúgRBHvihareCtBn RTg;)an

R)arB§])askmñak;mankUnsøab; eTIbRtas;RBHKafaenH manBaküepþIm

fa ]edæhi kNð kw essi ¬bBiRtRBHGgÁCakNðeKaRt sUmRBHGgÁ

cUrRTg;eRkakeLIgcuH nwgrvl;pÞ ú MeFV IGV I¦ dUecñH .

)anB¤fa kñ úgRkúgsavtß I manbuRtrbs;])askmñak; eFV Ikal³

ehIy . ])askenaH eBareBjeTAedaykUnsr KW esckþIesak

eRBaHkarsøab;rbs;kUnenaH mingUtTwk minbriePaKGahar mincat;Ecg

kargar mineTAkan;TI]bdæakénRBHsm< úT§ KitEtBIyMeBalerobrab;Et

mü:agfa {kUnCaTIRsLaj;eGIy kUn)ancakecal«BukeTAehIy} .

kñúgevlaeTobPøW RBHsasþaRTg;RtÜtemIlstVelak RTg;eXIj]bnisS½y

énesatabtþiplrbs;])askenaH . RBwkeLIg RBHGgÁEhhmeday

Pikç úsgÇ esþcyagbiNÐ)atenAkñúgRkúgsavtßI esayRBHRkyahar

eRscehIy eTIbRTg;bBa¢ÚnPikçúTaMgLayeTA ÉRBHGgÁmanRBHGannÞetßr


CabcäasmN³ esþcyageTAkan;pÞHrbs;])askenaH . mnusSTaMg

LayeTIb)anR)ab;dl;])askfa {RBHsasþaesþcmkdl;ehIy} .

lMdab;enaH mnusSkúñgpÞHrbs;])askenaH eTIbnaMKñatak;Etgesnasn³

enARtg;TVarpÞH ehIynimnþRBHsasþa[Rbfab;Kg; RKah_])askcUl

eTAKal;RBHsasþa . RBHsasþaRTg;eXIj])askenaHGgÁúykñúgTId¾

smKYrehIy eTIbRtas;sYrfa {])ask GñkxUccitþerOgGVIb¤?} kal

])askRkabTUl[RTg;RCab eTIbRtas;fa {])ask bUraNkbNÐit

TaMgLay sþab;Bakürbs;bNÐitTaMgLayehIy minesakesAdl;

buRtEdlsøab;eTAeT} dUecñH kal])askenaHTUlGaraFna eTIbRTg;

naMGtItniTanmkfa

kñúgGtItkal kñúgRkúgTVarvtI manRBHraCabgb¥ÚnKña 10 RBHGgÁ

KW RBH)aTvasueTB BleTB cnÞeTB suriyeTB GKÁieTB vruN-

eTB GC¢úneTB bC¢úneTB XdbNÐiteTB nigGgáúreTB . kñúgkSRt

TaMgenaH »rsEdlCaTIRsLaj;rbs;vasueTBmharaC )anesay-

TivgÁt . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHraCaeTIbRtÚvesckþIesakRKbsgát; RTg;

-231- Gdækfa ]BVrIvKÁ erOgkNðeRbtTI 6

lHbg;RBHraCkrNIykic©RKb;y:ag kan;ykEtTIRBHETn RTg;pÞMesay

esakEtmü:agb:ueNÑaH . kñúgevlaenaH XdbNÐiteTBRTg;RBHtRmiH

fa {evoreyIgecj buKÁldéTNahñ+ EdleQµaHfa Gacnwgkm©at;nUv

esckþIesakbgRbúseyIg)an rEmgminman eyIgnwgkm©at;esckþI

esakrbs;bgRbúseyIgeday])ay} . XdbNÐiteTIbEkøgePTCa

mnusSqáÜt egIyemIlemX Rtac;TUeTARBHnKrERskfa {elakcUr[

TnSaydl;eyIg elakcUr[TnSaydl;eyIgcuH} . GñknKrTaMgGs;

naMKñaPJak;ep¥ Ilfa XdbNÐiteTBqáÜtehIy .

evlaenaH GamatüeQµaHfa erahieNyü eTAKal;RBH)aT

vasueTB kalnwgRkabTUlRBH)aTvasueTB eTIbeBalKafaenHfa

bBiRtRBHraCakNð³eKatþ sUmRBHGgÁRTg;eRkak

eLIg nwgrvl;pÞMeFV IGV I nwgmanRbeyaCn_GVIdl;RBHGgÁ

edaykarpÞMhñ+ bBiRtRBHGgÁCaeksv³ \LÚvenH RBH

PatarYm]Trrbs;RBHGgÁ EdldUcCaRBHhb£T½y nig

RBHenRtxagsþaMrbs;RBHGgÁ manxül;keRmIk eBal


revIrvayR)afñaTnSay .

bNþabTTaMgenaH GamatüehARBH)aTvasueTB edayRBHeKatþ

fa kNð³ . bTfa eka Getßa subenn et ¬nwgmanRbeyaCn_GVI

dl;RBHGgÁedaykarpÞú Mhñ +¦ )andl; esckþIceRmInGV I nwgmandl;RBH

GgÁedaykarpÞ M . bTfa seka Pata )andl; RBHPatarYm]Tr .

bTfa hTyM ckçú c TkçiNM ¬RBHhb£T½y nigRBHenRtxagsþa M¦

esckþIfa dUcCadYgRBHhb£T½y nigRBHenRtxagsþaM . bTfa tsS

vata BlIynþi ¬manxül;keRmIk¦ esckþIfa xül;BgVk;citþ ekItrMxan

dl;RBHPata mankmøaMgd¾xøa Mg keRmIkRKbsgát; . bTfa ssM

Cb,ti ¬revIrvayR)afñaTnSay¦ esckþIfa revIrvayfa {cUr[TnSay

dl;eyIgcuH} bTfa eksv ¬eksv³¦ esckþIfa )anB¤fa RBH)aT

vasueTBenaH eKehAfa eksv³ eRBaHmansk;s¥at eRBaHehtuenaH

eKeTIbehARBHGgÁedayRBHnam .

RBHsasþa RTg;Rtas;dwgd¾éRkElg kalnwgRTg;sEmþgesckþI

1¦ bidk = Xeda Cb,ti .


EdlRBH)aTvasueTB)ansþab;Bakürbs;GamatüenaHehIy esþceRkak

cakRkLabnÞM eTIbRtas;KafaenHfa

RBH)aTeksv³ RTg;)ansþab;Bakürbs;erahi-

eNyüGamatüenaHehIy EdlRtÚvesckþIesakdl;

RBHPata RKbsgát; k¾esþcRbjab;eRkakeLIgmYy

rMeBc .

RBHraCaesþceRkakeLIgehIy Rbjab;cuHcakR)asaT ehIy

esþceTArkXdbNÐit cab;édTaMg 2 rbs;XdbNÐity:agmaM kal

nwgcrcaCamYyelak eTIbeBalKafa 3 Kafafa

ehtuGVIhñ+ GñkeTIbdUcCamnusSqáÜt Rtac;TUeTA

nKrTVark³enH ehIyERskfa TnSay TnSay Gñk

R)afñaTnSayNa ´nwg[CageFVITnSaymas TnSay

EkvmNI TnSayelah³ TnSayR)ak; TnSays½gç

TnSaysila TnSayEkvRbBaL [dl;Gñk b¤fa

TnSaydéT ² EdlRtac;rksIuenAkñ úgéRBk¾)an ´nwg


[eKnaMTnSayTaMgenaHmk[dl;Gñk GñkR)afñaTnSay

dUcemþc .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa ]mµtþrUe)av ERbfa dUcCamnusSqáÜt .

bTfa ekvlM ERbfa TUeTA . bTfa TVarkM ¬nKrTVark³¦ )andl;

Rtac;TUeTATVarvtInKr . bTfa sesa sesati lbsi ERbfa

revIrvayERskfa {TnSay TnSay} . bTfa esavNÑmyM ¬mas¦

)andl; seRmcedaymas . bTfa esavNÑmyM ¬TnSay¦ mas

)andl; seRmcedaymas . bTfa elahmyM ¬TnSay¦ elah³

)andl; seRmcedayelah³Tg;Edg . bTfa rUbiymyM ¬TnSay¦

R)ak; )andl; seRmcedayR)ak; . GñkR)afñavtßúNa k¾cUrR)ab;mk

cuH . ebIdUecñaH Gñkesayesak eRBaHGVI? RBH)aTvasueTBlYgelam

XdbNÐitedayTnSayfa {sUm,ITnSaydéT EdlRtac;rksIuenAkñ úg

éRB k¾manenAkñúgéRB eyIgnwgnaMTnSayTaMgenaHmk[dl;Gñk . En

GñkmanmuxRss; GñkR)afñaTnSaydUcemþc k¾cUrR)ab;mkcuH} dUecñH

edaybMNgfa {XdbNÐit RtÚvkarTnSay} . XdbNÐit)ansþab;


dUecñaH eTIbeBalKafafa

´minR)afñaTnSay EdlGaRs½yenAelIEpndI

´RBHGgÁR)afñaTnSayGMBIRBHcnÞ bBiRtRBHeksv³

sUmRBHGgÁRTg;naMykTnSayenaHcuHmk RbTandl;

´RBHGgÁcuH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa »hr ¬cUrRTg;naMcuHmk¦ )andl; RTg;

[naMcuHmk . RBHraCaluHRTg;sþab;dUecñaHehIy eTIbekItnUvesckþI

eTamnsSfa {RBHraCPataeyIgqáÜtehIy eday\tsgS½y} eTIbRtas;

Kafafa

EnRBHjati GñknwgkS½yCIvitd¾éføføaCamuneday

Bit eRBaHGñkR)afñaTnSayGMBIRBHc®nÞ eQµaHfa R)afña

vtß úEdlminKYrR)afña .

RBH)aTeksv³Rtas;ehAb¥ÚnRbúsfa jati kñúgRBHKafaenaH .

kñúgRBHKafaenHmanGFib,aydUecñHfa {jatiCaTIRsLj;rbs;eyIgR)afña

vtßúEdlminKYrR)afña nwgkS½yCIvitd¾éføføarbs;xø ÜnedayBit} .


XdbNÐit)ansþab;RBHtRmas;rbs;RBHraCaehIy k¾QrenA

es¶óm kalnwgsEmþgesckþIenHfa {bBiRtm©as;bg RBHGgÁkaldwg

fa ´RBHGgÁR)afñaTnSayGMBIRBHc®nÞ kalebImin)anTnSayenaH nwg

kS½yCIvit eRBaHehtuGVI? RBHGgÁmin)an»rsEdlsøab;eTAehIy

eTIb esayesak} eTIbeBalKafafa

bBiRtRBHGgÁCakNðeKatþ ebIRBHGgÁRTg;TUnµan

GñkdéTy:agNa sUm[RBHGgÁRTg;RCab´enaHcuH

eRBaHehtuGVI sUm,Ikñ úgéf¶enH RBHGgÁk¾RTg;RBHkEnSg

dl;raC»rsEdlTivgÁtehIykñúgkalmunhñ+ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa ÉvM ec kNð Canasi ¬bBiRtRBHGgÁ

CakNðeKatþ sUm[RBHGgÁRTg;RCab´enaHcuH¦ esckþIfa bBiRtesþc

kNðmharaCbgRbús RbsinebI RBHGgÁRTg;RCaby:agenHfa {eQµaH

fa vtß ú EdlminKYr)an k¾minKYrR)afña} . bTfa yfBaØ ¬GñkdéT

y:agNa¦ esckþIfa RBHGgÁRTg;RCaby:agenH kuM)aneFV IkarTas;RBH

T½ykñúgvtß úEdlRBHGgÁTUnµanGñkdéT . bTfa ksµa buer mtM butþM


¬eRBaHehtuGVI eTIbRTg;esayesakdl;raC»rsEdlTivgÁtehIy kñúg

kalmunhñ+¦ esckþIfa ebIdUecñH eRBaHehtuGVI sUm,Ikñúgéf¶enH RBHGgÁ

k¾enAEtesayesakcMeBaHraC»rsEdlTivgÁtehIy kñúgTIbMput 4 Ex

GMBIExenH .

XdbNÐit QrenARtg;cenøaHpøÚvy:agenaHÉg TUlfa {CadMbUg

´RBHGgÁR)afñanUvvtß úEdlR)akdy:agenH cMENkRBHGgÁesayesak

edIm,IRtÚvkarnUvvtßúEdlminR)akd} kalnwgsEmþgFm’dl;RBHraCa eTIb

eBal 2 Kafafa

k¾mnusS b¤GmnusS minKb,I)antamR)afñafa

sUmbutþrbs;eyIgEdlekItmk cUrku Msøab;eLIy RBH

GgÁnwgKb,I)an»rsEdlTivgÁtehIy EdlminKYr)an

GMBITINa bBiRtRBHGgÁCakNðeKatþ RBHGgÁRTg;kEnSg

dl;»rsEdlTivgÁtehIy EdlminGacnwgnaMmkeday

mnþ b£sfñaM »sf b¤RTBü )an .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa yM ¬Na¦ esckþIfa bBiRtm©as;bg


RBHGgÁR)ascakvtßúEdlmnusS b¤eTvta minKb,I)an KW minGac)an

tamR)afñafa sUmbuRtrbs;eyIgEdlekItmkehIy kuMsøab;eLIy .

k¾esckþIR)afñaenaH RBHGgÁnwg)anGMBITINa KW RBHGgÁGacnwg)aneday

ehtuNa eRBaHehtuEdleQµaHfa vtß úEdlminKYr)anenH Cavtß úEdl

minKYrnwg)an .

bTfa mnþa ¬edaymnþ¦ )andl; edaykarRbkbmnþ . bT

fa mUlePsC¢a ERbfa edayb£sfñaM . bTfa »sefhi ¬eday

»sf¦ )andl; »sfRKb;RbePT . bTfa Fenn va ¬b¤edayRTBü¦

)andl; sUm,IedayRTBürab;)an 100 ekadi . elakGFib,ayTuk

dUecñHfa {nrNa² minGacnwgnaMyk»rsEdllHelakenHeTAehIy

EdlRBHGgÁRTg;esayesakenaHmkvij edaykarRbkbmnþCaedImenaH

)aneLIy} .

XdbNÐit kalnwgsEmþgeTotfa {bBiRtm©as;bg EdleQµaH

fa esckþIsøab;enH nrNa² minGacnwgham edayRTBü edayCati

edayviC¢a edaysIl b¤edayPavna)an} eTIbsEmþgFm’dl;RBHraCa


5 Kafafa

sUm,IkSRtTaMgLaynwgmanEdneRcIn manRTBü

eRcIn manePaK³eRcIn manRTBü nigFBaØahareRcIn

CnTaMgenaH nwgminrYccakCra nigminRTg;suKt min

maneLIy .

sUm,IkSRt RBahµN evsS³ sURT³ mnusS

cNÐal GñkerIssRmam nigCndéT² TaMgenaH nwg

mincas; nigminsøab; eRBaHCatirbs;xø Ün k¾minman

eLIy .

CnBYkNa raymnþRBhµcinþaEdlRbkbeday

GgÁ 6 CnBYkenaH nigCnBYkdéT nwgmincas; nwg

minsøab; eRBaHviC¢arbs;xø Ün k¾minmaneLIy .

sUm,I\sIBYkNa CaGñks¶b; manxø ÜnsRgÜm

ehIy mantb³ sUm,IBYk\sIGñkmantb³TaMgenaH k¾

rEmglHbg;ragkayeTAtamkal .


RBHGrhnþTaMgLay manxø ÜnGb;rMehIy eFV I

kic©eRscehIy minmanGasv³ Gs;buNü nig)ab

rEmglHbg;ragkayenHTuk .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa mhT§na ¬manRTBüeRcIn¦ )andl;

eQµaHfa GñkmanRTBüeRcIn eRBaHmanRTBüEdlrkSaTukenaHÉgeRcIn .

bTfa mhaePaKa ¬manePaK³eRcIn¦ )andl; RbkbedayePaKsm,tþi

eRcIn dUcCaePaKsm,tþirbs;eTvta . bTfa rdævenþa ¬manEdneRcIn¦

)andl; manEdnTUeTA . bTfa bhUtFnFBaØaes ¬manRTBü nig

FBaØahareRcIn¦ )andl; GñkmanRTBü nigFBaØaharrkTIbMputKµan eday

RTBü nigFBaØahar EdlnwgRtÚvcayvayCaRbcaM EdlrkSasnSMTuk

edIm,IeRbIR)as;)andl; 3 qñaM b¤ 4 qñaM . bTfa etbi ena GCramra

¬sUm,I>>> TaMgenaHnwgminRTg;Cra nigminRTg;suKt minmaneLIy¦ man

esckþIfa kSRtmanRBH)aTmn§atu nigRBH)aTmhasuTsSn³CaedIm Gñk

manRTBüsm,tþieRcIndUecñaH nwgRTg;minCra nigRTg;minsuKt BuMman

eLIy KW zitenACitmat;mrN³ edayBit .


bTfa Éet ¬TaMgnaH¦ )andl; kSRttamEdl)aneBalehIy

CaedIm . bTfa GeBaØ ¬CndéT¦ )andl; CnBYkNamYy manGm<dæ-

maNBCaedIm Edlrs;enAy:agenaH . bTfa Catiya ¬eRBaHCati¦

)andl; CaGñkmincas; minsøab;eRBaHCatirbs;xø ÜnCaehtu minman

eLIy .

bTfa mnþM ¬mnþ¦ )andl; evT . bTfa brivetþnþ i ¬ray¦

)andl; rEmgsVaFüay nigrEmgR)ab; . mü:ageTot bTfa brivetþnþi

¬ray¦ )andl; rayevTeFV IkarbUCaePø Ig RBmTaMgsVaFüaymnþpg .

bTfa qLgÁM ¬RbkbedayGgÁ 6¦ esckþIfa RbkbedayGgÁ 6

eBalKW sikça ¬)andl;beBa©jsMeLgGanRtÚvcgVak; Knøg nigBIeraH¦

kb,³ ¬)andl; ecHrebobeFV Ikic©viFIepSg²¦ nir utþ i ¬)andl; dwgmUl

sBÞ nigBaküERbsBÞ¦ evyüakrN_ ¬)andl; ecHtRmaPasa¦ eCati-

sa®sþ ¬)andl; sÁal;páay rkb£kS nigcgeCaKCata¦ qenÞav iciti

¬)andl; sÁal;KN³ q½n nigEtg)an¦ . bTfa RBhµcinþitM ¬RBhµ-

1¦ bidk = ceBaØ .


cinþa¦ )andl; RBhµKit KW eBaledIm,IRbeyaCndl;BYkRBahµN_ .

bTfa viC¢ay ¬eRBaHviC¢a¦ )andl; GñkRbkbedayviC¢adUcRBhµ .

GFib,ayfa {sUm,IGñkTaMgenaH nwgmincas; minsøab; BuMmaneLIy} .

bTfa \seya ¬BYk\sI¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa \sI eRBaHGtß

fa EsVgrkvtþEdlRbRBwtþCaRbcaM nigvtþEdlRbRBwtþtamkalkMNt;

CaedIm nigbdikUlsBaØaCaedIm . bTfa snþa ¬Gñks¶b;¦ )andl;

s¶b;kayvacaCasPav³ . bTfa sBaØttþa ¬manxø ÜnsRgÜmehIy¦

)andl; mancitþsRgÜm edaykarsRgÜmkiels manraK³CaedIm .

eQµaHfa tbsSI eRBaHmantb³ eBalKW eFVIkay[ekþA . mü:ageTot

bTfa tbsSiena ¬mantb³¦ )andl; Gñks®gÜm . edayBaküfa

mantb³ enaH elaksEmþgfa {CaGñkGaRs½ytb³enaH nigCaGñk

R)afñaedIm,Ir YcputcaksrIr³ k¾CaGñksRgÜm rEmglHbg;srIr³)an .

mü:ageTot bTfa \sI eQµaHfa \sy³ eRBaHGtßfa EsVgrkGFi-

sIlsikçaCaedIm . eQµaHfa Gñks¶b; eRBaHcUleTAs¶b;)abFm’ Edl

Cabdibkçdl;GFisIlsikçaenaH k¾edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;GFisIlsikça


enaH . eQµaHfa manxøÜnsRgÜmehIy eRBaHsRgÜmcitþTukkñúgGarmµN_

EtmYy . eQµaHfa tbsSI eRBaHmanesckþIBüayamCaeRKÓgdut

)ab edayRbkbesckþIBüayamRtÚv . bNÐitKb,IRbkbesckþIfa

{GñkEdlmanesckþIBüayamCaeRKÓgRbkb eQµaHfa tbsSI eRBaHeFVI

kielsmanraK³CaedIm[ekþA} . bTfa Pavittþa ¬manxøÜnGb;rMehIy¦

)andl; GñkmancitþGb;rMehIy edaykmµdæanPavna Edlmansc©³ 4

CaGarmµN_ .

kalXdbNÐiteBalFm’y:agenH RBHraCaRTg;)anRBHsNþab;

dUecñaHehIy k¾CaGñkR)ascaknUvkUnsr KW esckþIesak mancitþ

RCHføa kalnwgsresIrXdbNÐit eTIb)aneBalKafad¾essfa

GñkrMlt;esckþIRkvl;RkvayTaMgBYgrbs;eyIg

EdlekþA[vinaseTA dUcbuKÁlykTwklt;ePøIgEdl

eqHedayxøaj; dUecñaH . GñkbenÞabg;esckþIesak

eRBaHbutþrbs;eyIg EdlRtÚvesckþIesakRKbsgát;

)andkeLIgehIyhñ+ nUvkUnsr KW esckþIesakEdl


cak;edatRtg;hTy³rbs;eyIg .

eyIgCaGñkmankUnsr KW esckþIesakEdl

dkecjehIy CaGñks¶b;RtCak; eyIgnwgminesak

minyMeTot eRBaH)ansþab;Bakürbs;Gñk CnBYkNa

manbBaØa GñkGnueRKaHKñanigKña CnBYkenaHrEmgeFV I

y:agenH rEmgjúa MgKñanigKña [vinasesckþIesak

dUcXdbNÐitENnaMRBHeCdæa [)at;esak dUecñaH .

BYkGamatüGñkTTYlsñgRBHraC»gáarrbs;RBH

raCaGgÁNa CadUecñH rEmgENnaMedaysuPasitdUc

CaXdbNÐitENnaMRBHeCdæarbs;xøÜn RBHraCaGgÁenaH

nwgmanesckþIesakGMBINa .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Xeda eCdæ¿ v PatrM¬1¦ ¬dUcXdbNÐit

ENnaMRBHeCdæa¦ esckþIfa dUcXdbNÐit eFV IRBHeCdæarbs;xøÜnEdl

RtÚvesckþIesakRKbsgát;eRBaHbuRtsøab; [putcakesckþIesakeRBaH

1¦ bidk = Xeda eCdævM PatrM .


buRtenaH edayPaBEdlxøÜnCaGñkQøaskñúg])ay nigedayFmµkfa

y:agNa sUm,IGñkdéTEdlmanbBaØa manesckþIGnueRKaH k¾dUecñaH

rEmgeFV I]bkar³dl;jatiTaMgLay .

bTfa ysS ÉtaTisa ehanþi ¬rbs;RBHraCaGgÁNa CadUecñH¦

enH CaGPism<úT§Kafa . xø wmsarénKafaenaH manGFib,aydUcteTA

enH {XdbNÐit rEmgCYydl; KW ENnaMRBH)aTvasueTBEdlRtÚv

esckþIesakeRBaHbuRtRKbsgát; edayBaküCaPasit edIm,Ikm©at;bg;

esckþIesak edayRbkarNa KW edayehtuNa . GamatüGñkCa

bNÐit k¾dUecñaH EdlbuKÁlNamYynwgKb,I)an . esckþIesakrbs;

buKÁlenaH nwgmanGMBITINa dUecñHÉg . Kafad¾ess manGtßdUc

eBalehIykñúgxagedImenaHÉg .

RBHsasþa luHRTg;naMRBHFm’eTsnaenHmkehIy eTIbRtas;fa

{y:aghñwgehIy])ask bUraNkbNÐitTaMgLay sþab;Bakürbs;

bNÐitTaMgLayehIy km©at;esckþIesakeRBaHbuRt)an} dUecñHehIy

eTIbRTg;RbkasnUvGriysc©³TaMgLayRbCuMCatk . kñúgTIbMputénsc©³


])askenaH k¾taMgenAkñ úgesatabtþipl .

cb;Gdækfa kNðebtvtßúTI 6

3

-247- Gdækfa ]BVrIvKÁ erOgFn)leRbtTI 7

Gdðkza Zn:lebtvtæúTI 7

{ eRbteRskXøan 55 qña M}

[19] kalRBHsasþaRbfab;enAkñúgRBHvihareCtBn RTg;R)arB§

eRbtFn)al eTIbRtas;nUvRBHKafaenH manBaküepþImfa neKÁa TuBV-

NÑrUe)asi ¬GñkGaRkatkay manrUbragKYrex <Im¦ dUecñH .

)anB¤fa kalRBHBuT§RTg;minTan;esþc]b,tþ i kñ úgnKrÉrkcä³

bNÑrdæ manesdæImñak; eQµaHfa Fn)alk³ CaGñkminmansT§a min

manesckþIRCHføa CamnusSkMNaj; CantßikTidæ ibuKÁl . kiriyarbs;

eK R)akdtamRBH)alIenaHÉg . eKeFV Ikal³ehIy eTAekItCaeRbt

kñúgTIknþar³ kñúgsmuRTxSac; . eKmanragkayRbmaNb:unedImetñat

manEs,ke)a:geLIg KRKImKeRKIm mansk;ke®nÞ IgsMeBag KYrxøac

manrUbmansm,úrKYr[xøac manrUbGaRkk;Bnø wk eXIjKYrP½yxøac .

eKmin)anRKab;)ay nigtMNk;Twk Gs; 55 qñaM man>k bbUrmat;

nigGNþats¶Üt RtÚvesckþIeRskXøanRKbsgát; Rtac;eTAeqøqøaRKb;

TisTI .


kalRBHd¾manRBHPaKrbs;eyIgTaMgLay RTg;]b,tþieLIgkñúg

elak RTg;RbkasnUvFmµckád¾bvr Kg;enAkñúgRkúgsavtßI tamlMdab;

BYkBaNiCGñkRkúgsavtß I pÞúkTMnijeBj 500 reTH eTAkan;]tþra-

bfCnbT edIm,Ilk;TMnij ehIyykreTHpÞúkTMnijEdl)anRtLb;mk

kñúgevlal¶ac mkdl;TenørIgs¶ÜtmYy . eTIbQb;reTH sRmakkñúg

TIenaHmYyraRtI . lMdab;enaH eRbtenaHRtÚvesckþIeRskXøanRKb

sgát; mkedIm,IRtÚvkarTwkpwk min)anTwkpwksUm,IEtmYytMNk; k¾

Gs;sgÇwm Tn;eCIgdYlcuHkñúgTIenaH dUcedImetñatdac;b£s dUecñaH .

BYkBaNiCeXIjdUecñaH eTIbnaMKñasYredayKafaenHfa

GñkGaRkatkay manrUbragKYrex<Im sÁaMgsÁm

rvamedaysrés eXIjq¥wgCMnIrrKam EnsMLaj; Gñk

CanrNahñ+ .

lMdab;enaH eRbttbfa

Gñkd¾ceRmIn ´CaeRbt TukçlM)ak ekItkñ úg

ymelak eFV IkmµGaRkk;Tuk eTIbcakBImnusSelak


enHeTAkan;ebtelak .

luHENnaMxø ÜndUecñHehIy RtÚvQµÜjsYrdl;kmµEdleKeFVIeTot

fa

GµkeFVIkmµGaRkk;GVITukeday kay vaca citþb¤

eRBaHvi)akrbs;kmµGV I eTIbcakBIelakenH eTAkan;

ebtelak .

kalnwgsEmþgRbvtþ irbs;xøÜn TaMgGtIt bc©úb,nñ nigGnaKt

epþ ImGMBITIEdlxøÜnekItkñ úgkalmun TaMgkalnwg[»vaTdl;BYkQµÜj

)aneBalKafaTaMgenHfa

manRBHnKrrbs;RBH)aTbnñraC¬1¦ R)akdnam

fa Érkcä³ kalmun ´ekItCaesdæIenAkñ úgnKrenaH

RbCaCnsÁal;´fa Fn)alesdæI . ´manR)ak; 80

reTH mas Ekvmukþa EkvBiTUrü k¾maneRcInminGac

nwgrab; . sUm,I´nwgmanRTBüeRcIndl;emø :aH k¾min

eBjcitþnwg[Tan biTTVarpÞHbriePaK edayKitfa BYk


yackkuM)aneXIjeyIg . ´minmansT§a CamnusS

kMNaj;sVit eCrRbeTcBYkyack nighamR)ammha

CnGñkeFVI[Tan eFVIbuNüCaedIm edayBaküfa pl

énTanminman plénkarsRgÜmnwgmanGMBITINa )an

TmøayRsHTwk GNþÚgTwkEdleKCIkTuk sYnpáa sYn

EpøeQI eragTwk nigs<ankñúgTIEdledIrlM)ak Edl

eKsag[vinas . ´enaHmin)aneFV IesckþIl¥ eFVIEt

kmµGaRkk;Tuk cuticakCatienaHehIy k¾ekItkñúgebt-

vis½y eBjeTAedaykareRskXøanGs; 55 qñaM .

taMgBIsøab;ehIy ´min)ansuI)ay nigpwkTwksUm,I

Etbnþic karhYgEhgRTBü Kw min[dl;nrNa² Ca

Na CaesckþIvinasrbs;stVTaMgLay esckþIvinas

k¾KW esckþIhYgEhg eRBaHdUecñaH eRbtTaMgLay k¾

dwgÉgfa karhYgEhgRTBü KW karmin[dl;nrNa²

CaesckþIv inas . kalmun ´snSMRTBüTuk kal


RTBüd¾eRcInmanehIy min[Tan kaleTyüFm’man

ehIy mineFV IT IBwgdl;xø Ün .

énaH )anTTYlplénkmµrbs;xø Ün eTIbekþA

RkhaykñúgkalxageRkay knøgeTA 4 Ex ńwg

søab; . nwgFøak;nrkrgTukçd¾xøa Mgkøa CanrkmanRCúg

4 man TVar 4 vas;edaycMENkesµIKña B½T§eday

kMEBgEdk RKbedaybnÞHEdk . épÞdIrbs;nrkenaH

suT§EtEdkRkhm eqHCaGNþatePøIgRbkbedaysPaB

ekþA pSayeTA)an 100 eyaCn_edayCuMvij taMgenA

sBVkal .

ńwgRtÚvesayTukçevTna kñúgnrkenaHGs;kal

k¾karesayTukçevTnadUecñH CaplénkmµGaRkk; dUecñaH

éTIbesakesAEdlnwgeTAekItkñ úgnrkd¾ekþAenaH .

eRBaHehtuenaH ´sUmdas;etOnGñkTaMgLay

sUmesckþIceRmInmandl;GñkTaMgLay EdlmkRbCMu


Kñakñ úgTIenH BYkGñkku M)aneFV IkmµGaRkk; kñ úgTINa²

minfa TIPø W b¤TIkM)a Mg RbsinebI BYkGñknwgeFV I b¤

kMBugeFVIkmµGaRkk;enaHesat sUm,IBYkGñknwgehaHeKc

eTAkñ úgTINa² k¾rEmgminputGMBITukç .

sUmGñkTaMgLay cUrciBa© wmmata cUrciBa© wm

bita RbRBwtþekatERkgdl;buKÁlCaFMkñ úgRtkUl Ca

Gñk]btßmÖdl;smN³ nigRBahµN_ GñkTaMgLay

nwgeTAsYK’edaykarbdibtþ iy:agenH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa bNÑanM ¬RBH)aTbNÑraC¦ )andl;

RBHraCaénrdæeQµaHfa bNÑ³ EdlmaneQµaHy:agenaH . bTfa ÉrkcäM

¬Érkcä³¦ )andl; CaeQµaHrbs;RBHnKrenaH . bTfa ttß ¬kñúg>>>

enaH¦ )andl; kñ úgnKrenaH . bTfa buer ¬kalmun¦ )andl;

kñ úg kalmun KW kñ úgGtþPaBEdlCaGtIt . bTfa Fn)aelati mM

viTU ¬sÁal;´fa Fn)al¦ esckþIfa BBYkCnehA´fa Fn)alesdæI .

eRbtkalnwgsEmþgfa {EdleQµaHfa RTBüdUecñHenaH rEmgCab;tam

-253- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOgFn)leRbtTI 7

CaRbeyaCn_dl;eyIg kñúgkalenaHÉg} eTIbeBalKafafa 80 dUecñH

CaedIm . maneyaCnafa {bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa GsIti skd-

vahnM ¬80 reTH¦ esckþIfa 20 xarik³esµInwg 1 vah³ Edlelak

ehAfa 1 reTH/ ´manR)ak; nigkhabN³ 80 reTH} . bTfa bhUtM

em CatrUbM ¬´manmaseRcInsn§wksn§ab;¦ esckþIfa P¢ab;esckþIfa

{sUm,Imask¾maneRcIn KW manRbmaNeRcInhab} .

bTfa n em Tatu M biyM Ghu ERbfa ´minmankareBjcitþ

nwg[Tan . bTfa ma mM yacnkaTÞsuM ¬BYkyackkuM)aneXIj

eyIg¦ esckþIfa biTTVarpÞHbriePaK edaybMNgfa {BYkyackkMu)an

eXIjeyIg} . bTfa kTrieya ¬kMNaj;¦ )andl; mankarkMNaj;

sVitsVaj . bTfa briPaseka ¬eCrRbeTc¦ esckþIfa eXIjeK

[Tan k¾KRmam[xøac . bTfa TTnþanM keranþanM CaqdæIviPtþicuHkñúg

GtßénTutiyaviPtþ i . ERbfa Gñk[Tan GñkeFV IbuNü . bTfa BhU

Cen ¬mhaCn¦ )andl; nUvstVCaeRcIn . ´hamXat; KW raraMgCn

CaeRcIn EdlCaRkúménGñk[Tan b¤eFV IbuNü GMBIbuBaØkmµ .


bTfa vi)aeka ntßi TansS ¬plénTanminman¦ CaedIm Ca

bTsEmþgehtuénkarhamXat;kar[TanCaedIm . bNþabTTaMgenaH

bTfa vi)aeka ntßi TansS ¬plénTanminman¦ eRbtsEmþgfa {Edl

eQµaHfa plénkareFVITan minman manEtesckþIvinasénRTBüEt

mü:ag edayBaküfa buNü buNü Etmü:ag b:ueNÑaH . bTfa

sMymsS ¬sRgÜm¦ )andl; karsRgÜmsIl . bTfa kueta plM

¬plnwgmanGMBINa¦ esckþIfa plnwg)anGMBITINa . GFib,ayfa

{karrkSasIl minmanRbeyaCn_eLIy} . bTfa Garamani ¬sYnpáa

eQI¦ esckþIfa sYnpáaeQI nigsYnEpøeQI . bTfa b)aeya

¬salaTwk¦ )andl; eragpwkTwk . bTfa TueKÁ ¬TIedIrlM)ak¦ )an

dl; sßanTIEdleTAlM)ak eRBaHmanTwk nigmanPk; . bTfa s-

gámnani ERbfa s<an . bTfa teta cueta ¬cutiGMBICatienaH¦ )an

dl; cutiGMBImnusSelakenaH . bTfa bBa©bBaØas ERbfa 55

qñaM . bTfa yeta kalgáeta GhM EkCa yfa kalketa GhM

ERbfa taMgGMBI´søab;eTA . bTfa naPiCanami ¬´minsÁal;¦ esckþI


fa ´min)ansÁal;GVI minfaeTaHCa)ay b¤Twk Gs;kalmanRbmaN

b:ueNÑH .

bTfa eya sMyema esa vinaesa ¬karhYgEhgRTBüCa

esckþIv inas¦ esckþIfa karhYgEhg KW karmin[GVI² dl;nrNa²

edayGMNacesckþIelaPCaedImenaH eQµaHfa CaesckþIvinasrbs;

stVTaMgenH eRBaHeRbtEdlekItkñúgkMeNIteRbt Caehtuénkarvinas

d¾FM . edaybTfa eya vinaesa esa sMyema ¬esckþIv inas

k¾KW esckþIhYgEhg¦ enH eRbteBaldl;RbeyaCn_tamEdleBal

ehIy CaRbeyaCn_y:agBit . hi sBÞ kñ úgbTfa ebta hi kir

Cannþi enH Cani)at eRbIkñúgGvFarN³ ¬dUcKña¦ . kir sBÞ Cani)at

eRbIkñúgGrucisUcntß³ ¬sUm,IdUecñaH¦ . sUm,IdUecñaH BYkeRbtrEmgdwg

esckþIenHdUcKñafa {karsMéc KW karminbric©aKeTyüFm’ Caehtuén

esckþIv inas} eRBaHxø ÜnRtÚvesckþIeRskXøanRKbsgát;ehIy eday

eXIj)anc,as; minEmnBYkmnusS . RbkarenHminsmKYreLIy eRBaH

sUm,IBYkmnusSk¾enAEtRtÚvesckþIeRskXøanCaedImRKbsgát; R)akd


dUcCaBYkeRbt . EtBYkeRbtdwgerOgenaHc,as;Cag eRBaHkmµEdl

xøÜn)aneFV ITukkñúgGtþPaBmunR)akdc,as; . eRBaHehtuenaH eRbtenaH

eTIbeBalfa {kñ úgCatimun eyIgsMécRTBü} dUecñHCaedIm . bNþa

bTTaMgenaH bTfa sMymisSM ¬sMécRTBü¦ esckþIfa sUm,Ixø ÜnÉg

k¾)aneFV IkarsMéc KW karrafykñúgbuBaØkiriya mankar[TanCaedIm .

bTfa Bhuek Fen ¬kalRTBümaneRcIn¦ )andl; kalRTBüd¾eRcIn

manehIy .

bTfa tM )andl; tsµa ¬eRBaHehtuenaH¦ . bTfa eva )an

dl; tuemð ¬GñkTaMgLay¦ . )alId¾essfa PTÞM eva Kb,InaMmk

P¢ab;CamYynwgBaküfa kmµd¾ceRmIn KW kmµl¥ )andl; kmµs¥at cUr

mandl;GñkTaMgLay . bTfa yavenþtß smaKta ¬mkRbCMuK ñakñúg

TImanRbmaNb:unNa¦ esckþIfa manGFib,ayfa {BYkGñkmanRbmaN

b:unNa KW manRbmaNRtwmNa mkRbCuMKñakñ úgTIenH TaMgGs;enaH

cUrsþab;Bakürbs;´ . bTfa GavI ¬TIval¦ )andl; CaTIRsLHEdl

R)akddl;BYkCndéT . bTfa reha ¬TIkM)aMg¦ )andl; CaTIbiT)aMg


edayminR)akd ¬dl;CndéT¦ . GFib,ayfa {GñkTaMgLaykuMeFVI KW

kuMeFVInUvkmµGaRkk;d¾lamk )andl; GkuslkmµkñúgTIval edayGMNac

kaybeyaKman)aNati)atCaedIm nigvcIbeyaK manmusavaTCaedIm

b¤kñ úgTIkM)aMg edayGMNacGkuslkmµmanGPiCÄaCaedIm} .

bTfa sec tM )abkM kmµM ¬RbsinebIeFV I)abkmµenaHesat¦

esckþIfa RbsinebIBYkGñknwgeFVIkmµGaRkk;enaHkñúgGnaKt b¤kMBugeFVI

kñ úgbc©úb,nñ eQµaHfa karrYcput KW kareKcputcakTukçEdlCapl

énkmµGaRkk;enaH kñúgG)ayTaMg 4 mannrkCaedIm nigkñúgBYkmnusS

edayGMNacCaGñkmanGayuxø ICaedIm . bTfa ]bc©abi blaytM

¬sUm,IBYkGñknwgehaHrt;eTA¦ esckþIfa sUm,IkalBYkGñknwgehaHeTA

k¾eday k¾minrYcput)aneLIy . )alIfa ]ebc© k¾man . GFib,ay

fa {kalBYkGñk sUm,Imanectna KW Ekøgrt;eKceTA edaybMNgfa

esckþITukç nwgCab;tamBYkGñkEdlrt;eKceTApøÚvenHpøÚvenaH karrYcput

cakesckþIT ukçenaH rEmgminman . EtkalebIkarRbCu Ménbc©½ydéT

manKti nigkalCaedImenAman kmµGaRkk;enaH enAEt[pl)andUc


Kña} . k¾esckþIenH Kb,IsEmþgedayKafaenHfa

buKÁlnwgenAkñúgGakas kñúgkNþalmhasmuRT

b¤cUleTAkñ úgcenøaHPñ M nwgKb,Iputcak ¬pl¦ kmµ

GaRkk; minman b¤buKÁlzitkñúgcMENkénPaKEpndI

Na Kb,Ir Yccak ¬pl¦ kmµGaRkk; cMENkénPaK

EpndIenaH k¾minman .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa metþyüa ¬ciBa© wmmata¦ )andl;

TMnukbRmúgcMeBaHmata . bTfa ehaf ¬cUrCa¦ esckþIfa GñkcUreFVI

kar]bdæakCaedImdl;matabitaTaMgenaH . bTfa metþyüa ¬ciBa© wm

bita¦ k¾Kb,IRCaby:agenaH . bTfa kuel eCdæabcayika ¬RbRBwtþ

ekatERkgdl;GñkFMkñ úgRtkUl¦ )andl; CaGñkeKarBekatERkgdl;

eromc,gkñúgRtkUl . bTfa samBaØa ¬GñkTMnukbRmúgdl;smN³¦

)andl; CaGñkbUCasmN³ . bTfa RBahµBaØa ¬TMn ukbRmúgdl;

RBahµN_¦ k¾dUcKña . GFib,ayfa {CaGñkbUCadl;elakGñkbENþt

)ab . edaybTfa ÉvM sKÁM KmisSf ¬GñkTaMgLaynwgeTAsYK’eday

-259- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOgFn)leRbtTI 7

karbdibtþ iy:agenH¦ enH manGFib,ayfa {elakTaMgLayeFVIbuNü

edayn½yEdl´)aneBalehIy nwgcUldl;eTvelak} . kñúgerOg

enH bTEdlmin)anEckTukedayGtß Kb,IRCabedayn½yEdleBal

Tukkñ úgerOgxløadiyebtivtß úCaedImenaHcuH .

BYkBaNiCTaMgenaH )ansþab;Bakürbs;eRbtTaMgLay ekIt

esckþIsegVK kalnwgGnueRKaHeRbtenaH eTIbykPaCn³dak;Twkpwk

mk [eRbtenaHedkrYcehIy k¾b®Ba©kcUltammat; . EtTwkEdl

mhaCncak;eRcIndg k¾minGachUreTAkñ úgbMBg;k eRBaHkmøa Mgénkmµ

GaRkk;rbs;eRbtenaH . TwkenaHnwgkm©at;esckþIeRskXøan)anGMBI

TINa . BaNiCTaMgenaHeTIbsYreRbtfa {etIGñk)anFUres,IyGVIxøH

eT?} eRbtenaHtbfa {ebITwkEdlCnmanRbmaNb:ueNÑH b®Ba©kcUl

eTAGs;evlaRtwmbu:eNÑH sUm,IRtwmEtmYytMNk;k¾mincUleTAkñúgbMBg;k

eyIg EbrCahUrcUlbMBg;krbs;GñkdéTeTAesat . karrYcputcak

kMeNIteRbtenH cUrku MmaneLIy} . lMdab;enaH BYkBaNiCTaMgenaH

)ansþab;dUecñaHehIy eTIbekItesckþIsegVKéRkElg naMKñaeBalfa


{k¾])ayNa² edIm,Irm¶ab;esckþIeRskXøanmanxøHb¤?} eRbttbfa

{kalkmµGaRkk;enHGs;eTA kalBYkjatifVayTandl;RBHtfaKt b¤

savkrbs;RBHtfaKt ]TÞisTan[dl;´ ´k¾nwgrYcputcakPaBCaeRbt

enH)an} . BYkBaNiC)ansþab;dUecñaH eTIbnaMKñaeTAkan;Rkúgsavtß I

cUlKal;RBHmanRBHPaK RkabTUlerOgenaH TTYlsrNKmn_ nig

sIl fVayTandl;Pikç úsgÇmanRBHBuT§CaRbFan Gs; 7 éf¶ ehIy

]TÞiscMENkbuNüdl;eRbtenaH . RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;eFV IerOgenaH

[CaGtßúb,tþiehtu ehIysEmþgFm’dl;bris½TTaMg 4 . mhaCnk¾

lHbg;mnÞil KW esckþIkMNaj; manelaP³CaedIm )anCaGñkeRtkGr

éRkElgkñúgbuNümanTanCaedIm dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa Fn)lesdæiebtvtßúTI 7

3

-261- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOgcULesdæIeRbtTI 8

Gdðkza cULesdðIebtvtæúTI 8

{ buKÁlkMNaj;CaeRbtsÁmGaRkatkay}

[20] kalRBHsasþaRbfab;enARBHviharevLúv½n RTg;R)arB§

cULesdæIeRbt Rtas;nUvRBHKafaenH manBaküepþ Imfa neKÁa kIesa

bBVCietasi Penþ ¬bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn elakbBVCitGaRkatkaysÁm¦

dUecñH .

)anB¤fa kñúgRkúgBaraNsI manKhbtImñak; CaGñkminmansT§a

minmanesckþIRCHføa CamnusSkMNaj;sVit mineGIeBIdl;karbMeBj

buNü maneQµaHfa cULesdæI . eKeFVIkal³ehIy k¾ekItkñúgkMeNIt

eRbt . ragkayrbs;eKR)ascaksac; nigQam manRtwmEtq¥wg

srés nigEs,k k,alRtegal R)ascaksMBt; . EtFItarbs;eK

eQµaHfa Gnula enAkñ úgpÞHrbs;sVamI kñúgGn§kavinÞnKr manbMNg

nwg[RBahµN_briePaKGahar]TÞ isdl;bita eTIb)ancat;EcgeRKÓg

]bkrN_énTan manGgárCaedIm . eRbtdwgdUecñaH k¾eTAkñ úgTIenaH

tamGakas edayesckþIsgÇwm mkdl;RkúgraCRKwH . sm½yenaH


RBH)aTGCatsRtÚv RtÚvRBHeTvTtþbBa¢Ún[eTApþac;RBHCnRBHbita RTg;

minTan;pÞ Mlk; eRBaHekþARkhay nigsubinGaRkk;enaH eTIbeLIgeTA

elIR)asaT c®gám eXIjeRbtenaHehaHeTA eTIbsYredayKafaenH

fa

bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn elakCabBVCitGaRkat

kayGaRkat sÁa MgsÁm eRBaHehtuénkmµGV I elak

nwgeTATINakñúgraRtIdUecñH sUmelakR)ab;ehtuEdl

elaknwgeTAdl;eyIgcuH eyIgGacnwg[RTBüCaeRKÓg

eBjcitþdl;elak edayesckþI]sSah_TaMgBYg .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa bBVCieta ¬bBVCit¦ )andl; smN³ .

)anB¤fa RBHraCaRtas;nwgeKfa {elakCabBVCitGaRkatkay sÁaMg

sÁmCaedIm} . edayesckþIsmÁal;fa {GñkenHCasmN³GaRkat

eRBaHeKCaGñkGaRkatkay nigCaGñkmank,alRtegal} . bTfa

kisSehtu ¬eRBaHehtuénkmµGV I¦ )andl; manGVICaehtu . bTfa

seBVn vitþ M bdi)aTey tuvM ¬eyIgnwg[RTBüCaeRKÓgeBjcitþdl;


elakedayesckþI]sSah_TaMgBYg¦ esckþIfa eyIgnwg[RTBüCaeRKÓg

eBjcitþ EdlCaeRKÓg]bkrN_énRTBüCaeRKÓgeBjcitþ RBmeday

ePaK³RKb;y:ag b¤edayesckþI]sSah_RKb;y:ag tamkarsmKYrdl;

GFüaRs½yrbs;elak dUcemþchñ + eyIgKb,IGacdUecñaH)an eRBaH

dUecñaH elakcUrR)ab;esckþIenaHdl;eyIg KW cUrR)ab;ehtuénkarmk

rbs;elakenaHdl;eyIg .

eRbtRtÚvRBHraCasYry:agenHehIy kalnwgR)ab;Rbvtþirbs;xøÜn

eTIb)aneBalKafa 3 Kafafa

kalmun RBHnKrBaraNsI mankitþ iK uNl,I

eTAkñ úgTIq¶ay ´RBHGgÁCaKhbtI GñkmanRTBüeRcIn

enAkúñgRBHnKrenaH EtCamnusSkMNaj;sVit minFøab;[

rbs;rbrdl;nrNa² mancitþCab;CMBak;kñ úgGamis³

)andl;vis½yénesþcym eRBaHCaGñkRTúsþsIl .

´RBHGgÁlM)akehIy eRBaHesckþIeRskXøan

cak;edat eRBaH)abkmµTaMgenaH eRBaHehtuenaH ´


RBHGgÁR)afñaGamis³Caehtu eTIb)aneTArkBYkjati

mnusSsUm,IdéTmanRbRktImin[Tan nigmineCOfa

plénTanmanenAkñ úgelakxagmux mnusSsUm,ITa Mg

enaH nwgekItCaeRbt esayTukçFM dUcCa´RBHGgÁ

dUecñaH .

FItarbs;´RBHGgÁt¥ÚjEt¥rerOy² fa eyIgnwg

[Tan ]TÞis[mata bita G‘MRbús G‘MRsI ma mIg

yay ta BYkRBahµN_kMBugbriePaKTan EdlFIta

rbs;´RBHGgÁcat;EcgehIy ´RBHGgÁnwgeTAkan;Rkúg

Gn§kavinÞnKr edIm,IbriePaKGahar .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa TUrXudæ¿ ¬l,IeTAq¶ay¦ )andl; l,I

suHsayedayGMNackitþiKuNeTAkñúgTIq¶ay . GFib,ayfa {x©rx©ay

eTA KW R)akdkñúgTIRKb;kEnøg . bTfa GDÆeka¬1¦ ¬GñkmanRTBü

eRcIn¦ )andl; CaGñkmanRTBüeRcIn KW mansm,tþieRcIn . bTfa

1¦ bidk = GT§eka


TIena ¬sVitsVaj¦ )andl; mancitþkMNaj; KW manGFüaRs½ykñúg

karmin[ . eRBaHehtuenH eRbteTIbeBalfa Gñkmin[ . bTfa

eKFitmena¬1¦ Gamissµw ¬mancitþCab;CMBak;kñúgGamis¦ )andl; Ca

GñkmancitþCab;CMBak; KW dl;nUvkarCab;ehIykñúgGamis³ KW kam .

bTfa TusSIeln¬2¦ ymvisymði betþa ¬)andl;vis½yénesþcym

eRBaHCaGñkRTúsþsIl¦ esckþIfa ´RBHGgÁ)andl;vis½yénesþcym

KW ebtelak edaykmµ KW PaBCaGñkRTúsþsIlEdlxøÜn)aneFVITuk .

bTfa esa sUcikay kilmieta ¬´RBHGgÁenaHlM)akehIy

eRBaHkareRskXøancak;edat¦ esckþIfa ´RBHGgÁenaH lM)akeRBaH

esckþIeRskXøan Edl)aneQµaHfa sUcika eRBaHR)akddUcCam¢ úl

eRBaHGtßfa cak;edat cak;edatehIyCab;Canic© . mü:ageTot )alI

fa kilmefa dUecñHk¾man . bTfa ethi ¬TaMgenaH¦ esckþIfa

eday)abkmµEdlCaehtu dUceBalehIyedayn½ymanCaGaTifa Ca

GñkkMNaj;sVit dUecñH . BitehIy kaleRbtenaHrBJkdl;kmµGaRkk;

bidk = 1¦ Kfitmena Gamissµw / TusSIelün .


enaH eTamnsSd¾xøa Mg ekIteLIgehIy . eRBaHehtuenaH eRbteTIb

eBaly:agenaH . bTfa etenv )andl; eRBaHesckþITukçEdlekIt

GMBIesckþIeRskXøanenaH² Ég . bTfa jatIsu yami ¬eTIbeTA

rkBYkjati¦ esckþIfa ´eTIbeTA KW eTAdl;TICiténBYkjati . bTfa

GamiskiBa© ik çehtu¬1¦ ¬R)afñaGamisCaehtu¦ )andl; R)afñaGamis

Canimitþ . GFib,ayfa {R)afñaGamisxøH² . bTfa GTansIla n

c sTÞhnþi TanMplM ehati brmði elaek ¬mnusSsUm,IBYkdéTman

RbRktImin[Tan nigmineCOfa plénTanmankñúgelakxagmux¦ esckþI

fa ´RBHGgÁCaGñkmanRbRktImin[Tan y:agNa sUm,IbuKÁldéTk¾

manRbRktImin[Tan dUecñaHdUcKña nigmineCOfa plénTan nwgman

kñúgbrelakedayBit . GFib,ayfa {sUm,IBYkCnTaMgenaH CaeRbt

esayTukçy:agFMdUcCa´RBHGgÁ .

bTfa lbet ¬t¥ ÚjEt¥r¦ )andl; rEmgeBal . bTfa

GPikçNM ¬erOy²¦ )andl; erOy² KW edaycMENkeRcIn . edIm,I

1¦ bidk = GamiskiBa© iehtu .

-267- Gdækfa ]BVrIvKÁ erOgcULesdæIeRbtTI 8

ecosvagBaküsYrfa {eRbteBalfadUcemþc?} eRbteTIbeBalfa {eyIg

¬FIta¦ nwg[TanedIm,Imatabita CIdUn CIta} .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa bitUnM )andl; mata nigbita b¤BU

nigG‘ ¿ ‘Rbús . bTfa bitamhanM )andl; CIta nigCIdUn . bTfa

]bkçdM¬1¦ ¬EdlFItacat;EcgehIy¦ )andl; EdlFIta)ancat;Ecg

ehIy . bTfa briv isynþi ¬kMBugbriePaK¦ )andl; [briePaK .

bTfa Gn§kvinÞ M¬2¦ ¬Gn§kvinÞ³¦ )andl; nKrEdlmaneQµaHdUecñaH .

bTfa PutþM ú )andl; edIm,IbriePaK . xagmuxGMBIenaH RBHsgIÁtika-

carü)aneBalTukfa

RBHraCaeTIbRtas;sYreKfa RbsinebIGñkeTA

)anesayplTan Kb,IRbjab;RtLb;mkR)ab;ehtu

EdlmanBitdl;eyIg eyIgsþab;BaküEdlmanehtu

plEdlKYreCO)anehIy nwgeFVIkarbUCaxøH . cUL-

esdæIeRbtTTYlRBHtRmas;ehIy )aneTAkan;Gn§k-

bidk = 1¦ ]bdæ itM/ 2¦ Gn§kav in Þ M .


vinÞnKrenaH Etmin)anTTYlplénTanenaH eRBaHBYk

RBahµN_TaMgLayEdlbriePaKPtþ CaGñkminmansIl

smKYrdl;Tkç iNa xageRkaymk cULesdæIeRbtk¾

RtLb;mkkan;nKrraCRKwHvij )ansMEdgkay[R)akd

cMeBaHRBHP®kþRBH)aTGCatsRtÚvCaFMCagBBYkCn .

RBHraCaTtRBHenRteXIjeRbtenaHRtLb;mkvij eTIb

Rtas;sYrfa eyIgnwg[TanGVI ebIehtuEdlnwg[Gñk

CabuKÁlEq¥tGs;kalyUrman sUmGñkcUrR)ab;ehtu

enaHdl;eyIg .

cULesdæIeRbtRkabTUlfa ³

bBiRtRBHraCa sUmRBHGgÁRTg;GgÁasRBHBuT§

nigRBHsgÇ eday)ay nigTwk nigcUrRTg;fVaycIvr

ehIycUr]TÞiskuslenaH edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;´RBHGgÁ

edaykarRTg;bMeBjkic©y:agenH ´RBHGgÁnwgKb,IEq¥t

q¥n;Gs;kalyUr . lMdab;enaH RBHraCaesþcecj

-269- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOgcULesdæIe RbtTI 8

cakR)asaTenaHehIy RTg;fVayTand¾RbNItéRkElg

cMeBaHsgÇ edayRBHhsþrbs;RBHGgÁ ehIyRTg;

RkabTUlerOgr:avcMeBaHRBHtfaKt nigRTg;]TÞiscMENk

kusldl;cULesdæIeRbt .

cULesdæIeRbtenaH EdlRBHraCaRTg;bUCaehIy

CaGñkl¥s¥atéRkeBk )anmkR)akdcMeBaHRBHP®kþén

RBHraCaGñkCaFMCagBBYkCn ehIyRkabTUlfa ´RBH

GgÁCaeTvta manb£Ti §d ¾kMBUl mnusSTaMgLayman

b£Ti §esµIn wg´RBHGgÁ minman .

sUmRBHGgÁeR)asTtRBHenRt emIlGanuPaB

EdlrkRbmaNmin)anrbs;´RBHGgÁenHcuH EdlekIt

GMBIpl EdlRBHGgÁRTg;fVayTan Edlrab;min)an

cMeBaHsgÇ ]TÞiscMENkRBHraCkusl[dl;´RBHGgÁ

edayRTg;GnueRKaH . bBiRtRBHGgÁeTBénmnusS ´

RBHGgÁCaGñkEdlRBHGgÁjúaMgGriysgÇ [Eq¥t eday


eTyüFm’ man)ay Twk nigsMBt;CaedImd¾eRcIn eTIb

)anEq¥tehIyerOy² \LÚvenH ´RBHGgÁmanesckþI

suxehIy eTIbsUmTUllaRBHGgÁeTA .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa tmevac raCa ¬RBHraCaeTIbRtas;

sYreK¦ esckþIfa RBH)aTGCatsRtÚv)anRtas;sYreRbtenaH Edl

QreBaly:agenaH . bTfa GnuPviyan tm,i¬1¦ ¬esayplTan

enaH¦ esckþIfa esayTansUm,IenaHEdlFItarbs;GñkcUleTAtmál;

Tuk . bTfa Éyüasi ERbfa Kb,Imk . bTfa krisSM ERbfa nwg

eFV I . bTfa Gacikç em tM yTi Gtßi ehtu ¬R)ab;ehtuEdlman

Bitdl;eyIg¦ esckþIfa RbsinebImanehtuGVIEdlKYreCO)an cUrdMNal

R)ab;dl;eyIg . bTfa sT§ayitM ERbfa KYreCO)an . bTfa ehtu-

veca ¬BaküEdlmanehtu¦ )andl; BaküEdlKYrdl;ehtu . GFi-

b,ayfa {GñkcUreBalBaküEdlmanehtufa kalbMeBjTankñúgTIeQµaH

ÉeNaH edayRbkarÉeNaH plTannwgseRmcdl;eyIg} .

1¦ bidk = tvmnuPviyan tm,i .


bTfa tfati vtVa ¬TUlTTYlRBHtRmas;ehIy¦ esckþIfa

cULesdæIeRbtTTYlRBHtRmas;ehIy . bTfa ttß ¬kñ úg>>> enaH¦

)andl; kñ úgTIEdlGgÁaskñúgGn§kvinÞnKrenaH . bTfa PuC¢ wsu PtþM

n c TkçiNarha ¬RBahµN_TaMgLayEdlbriePaKPtþ CaGñkminsm

KYrdl;TkçiNa¦ esckþIfa RBahµN_CaGñkRTúsþsIlbriePaKPtþahar

ehIy Etfa RBahµN_GñkKYrdl;TkçiNa GñkmansIl min)anbriePaK .

bTfa bunabrM ¬eRkaymk>>> eTot¦ esckþIfa eRkaymk

cULesdæI eRbtRtLb;mkkan;RkúgraCRKwHvij .

bTfa kw TTami ¬eyIgnwg[TanGVI¦ esckþIfa RBHraCaRtas;

sYreRbtenaHfa {eyIgnwg[TanGVIdl;Gñk?} . bTfa eyn tuvM

¬ehtuEdlnwg[Gñk {Eq¥tsáb;sál;}¦ esckþIfa GñkEq¥tsáb;sál;

edayehtuNa . bTfa cirtrM ERbfa Gs;kalyUr . bTfa

bINieta ¬GñkEq¥t¦ esckþIfa ebIGñkEq¥tsáb;sál;ehIy GñkcUrR)ab;

esckþIenaH .

bTfa brivisiyan ¬GgÁas¦ )andl; [briePaK . cULesdæI


eRbtehARBH)aTGCatsRtÚvfa bBiRtRBHraCa . bTfa em hitay

¬edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;´RBHGgÁ¦ )andl; edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;´RBHGgÁ

KW edIm,I[´RBHGgÁputcakPaBCaeRbt .

bTfa teta ERbfa eRBaHehtuenaH KW eRBaHBaküenaH . mü:ag

eTot bTfa teta ¬GMBI>>> enaH¦ )andl; GMBIR)asaTenaH . bTfa

nibtitVa ERbfa ecjeTAehIy . bTfa taveTv ¬rMeBcenaH¦ )an

dl; kñúgkalenaHÉg KW kñúgevlaGruNrHeLIg . GFib,ayfa {RBH

raCa)anfVayTancMeBaHkñúgevlamunPtþ EdleRbtRtLb;mksMEdgxøÜn

dl;RBHraCa} . bTfa shtßa ERbfa edayRBHhsþrbs;RBHGgÁ .

bTfa GtulM ¬RbNItéRkElg¦ )andl; RbmaNmin)an KW RbNIt

y:agéRkElg . bTfa TtVa segÇ )andl; fVaydl;sgÇ . bTfa

Gaeraecsi bktM tfaKtsS ¬RTg;RkabTUlerOgr:avcMeBaHRBHtfaKt¦

esckþIfa RBHraCaRkabTUlerOgr:avenaHcMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaKfa {bBiRt

RBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn TanenH ´RBHGgÁ)anbMeBjbMNg]TÞisdl;eRbtmYy

rUb} . luHRkabTUlrYcehIy TanenaHk¾seRmcdl;eRbtenaH eday


RbkardUecñHÉg .

bTfa esa )andl; eRbtenaH . bTfa bUCieta ¬EdlRBH

raCaRTg;bUCaehIy¦ )andl; GñkEdlRBHraCaRTg;bUCaedayTkçiNa

EdlRTg;]TÞ is[ . bTfa Gtiviy esaPmaena ¬CaGñkl¥s¥atéRk

Elg¦ )andl; CaGñkrugerOgéRkElgedayGanuPaBEdlCaTiBV . bT

fa )aturehasi ¬)anR)akd¦ )andl; R)akdehIy KW sMEdgxø Ün

cMeBaHRBHP®kþénRBHraCa . bTfa yekçahmsµi ¬´RBHGgÁCaeTvta¦

esckþIfa ´RBHGgÁputcakPaBCaeRbt køayCaeTvta KW dl;nUvPaB

CaeTvta . bTfa n ymðmtß i sma sTisa manusa¬1¦ ¬mnusS

TaMgLayEdlesµIeday´RBHGgÁ minman¦ esckþIfa mnusSTaMgLay

GñkesµIedayGanuPaBsm,tþi b¤dUcePaKsm,tþinwg´RBHGgÁ minman .

bTfa bsSanuPavM GbrimitM mmyiTM ¬sUmRBHGgÁeR)asTt

RBHenRtemIlGanuPaBEdlrkRbmaNmin)anrbs;´RBHGgÁenHcuH¦ n½y

fa cULesdæIeRbtRkabTUl sMEdgdl;sm,tþirbs;xø ÜncMeBaHRBHraCa

1¦ bidk = n myðM \T§ ismsTisa mnusSa .


edayRbckSfa {sUmRBHGgÁeR)asTtRBHenRtemIlGanuPaBEdlCaTiBV

EdlrkRbmaNmin)anrbs;´RBHGgÁenHcuH . bTfa tyanuTidæM GtulM

TtVa¬1¦ segÇ ¬plEdlRBHGgÁRTg;fVayTannwgrab;min)ancMeBaHsgÇ

ehIy]TÞis[´RBHGgÁ¦ esckþIfa EdlRBHGgÁfVayTand¾»Lar rkGVI

eRbóbBuM)ancMeBaHRBHGriysgÇ ehIyRTg;]TÞisedayesckþIGnueRKaH

dl;´RBHGgÁ . bTfa snþb,ieta¬2¦ sttM sTa BhUhi ¬GñkEdl

RBHGgÁjúa MgRBHGriysgÇ[Eq¥tsáb;sál;edayeTyüFm’ man)ay

Twk nigsMBt;CaedImd¾eRcIn eTIb)anEq¥tehIyerOy²¦ esckþIfa RBH

GgÁ kal[RBHGriysgÇEq¥tsáb;sál;edayeTyüFm’CaeRcIn man

)ay Twk nigsMBt;CaedIm eQµaHfa [Eq¥tsáb;sál;Cab;tKña KW

mindac; sUm,IkñúgTIenaHsBVkal KW RKb;evla rhUtGs;CIvit . bTfa

yami GhM suxieta mnusSeTv ¬RBHGgÁCaeTBénmnusS>>> \LÚvenH

´RBHGgÁmanesckþIsuxehIy eTIbsUmTUllaRBHGgÁeTA¦ esckþIfa

cULesdæIeRbtTUllaRBHraCafa {bBiRtmharaC CaeTBrbs;mnusS

bidk = 1¦ tyanuT id æ M GtulM TTitVa/ 2¦ sMtb, ieta sstM sTa BhUhi .


eRBaHdUecñaH \LÚvenH ´RBHGgÁmanesckþIsuxehIy sUmRtLb;eTA

kan;TItamEdlR)afña} .

kaleRbtTUllaRtLb;eTAy:agenH RBH)aTGCatsRtÚv)an

R)ab;esckþIenaHdl;Pikç úTaMgLay . Pikç úTaMgLaycUleTAKal;RBH-

manRBHPaKehIyRkabTUlesckþIenaH . RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;eFV IerOg

enaH[CaGtßúb,tþ iehtu RTg;sEmþgFm’dl;bris½TEdlmkRbCMuKñakñúgTI

enaH . mhaCnsþab;Fm’enaHehIy lHbg;mnÞil KW esckþIkMNaj;

)anCaGñkeRtkGréRkElgkñúgbuNümanTanCaedIm .

cb;Gdækfa cULesdæIebtvtúßTI 8

3


Gdðkza Gg,úrebtvtæúTI 9

{ buNüseRmcRtg;)téd }

[21] RBHsasþakalRbfab;enAkñúgRkúgsavtßI RTg;)anR)arB§

GgáúreRbt eTIbRtas;RBHKafaenH manBaküepþImfa ysS Gtßay

Kcäam ¬eyIgTaMgLayRtac;rkRTBü eTA>>> edIm,IRtÚvkarvtßúNa¦ . kñúg

TIenH minmanGgáúreRbtk¾Bit EteRBaHkarRbRBwtþrbs;GgáúreRbtenaH

Cab;Tak;TgnwgeRbt dUecñaH karRbRBwtþrbs;GgáúreRbtenaH elakeTIb

eBalfa Ggáúrebtvtß ú .

kñúgRbkarenaH manesckþIsegçbkfadUcteTAenH . mankSRt

11 RBHGgÁ KW RBHnagGBa¢neTvI nigb¥ ÚnRbús 10 RBHGgÁ man

vasueTBCaedIm KW vasueTB BleTB cnÞeTB suriyeTB GKÁieTB

vruNeTB GC¢ún³ bC¢ún³ XdbNÐit nigGgáúr³ GaRs½yKP’rbs;

RBHnageTvKBÖa EdlCaRBHFItarbs;RBH)aTmhakgS³ kñúgGsitBa¢n-

nKr EdlRBH)aTkgS³RKb;RKg kñúg]tþrabfCnbT eRBaHGaRs½y

RBH]bsaKrCa»rsrbs;RBH)aTmhasaKr EdlCaFMkñ úg]tþrmFur-

-277- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOgGgá úreRbtTI 9

CnbT . bNþakSRtTaMgenaH kSRtEdlCab¥ÚnRbúsmanvasueTBCa

edIm eRbIcRkpþac;RBHCnµRBHraCaTaMgGs; 63>000 nKr TUTaMgCm<ÚTVIb

rab;taMgBIGsitBa¢nnKr rhUtdl;RkúgTVarvtICaTIbMput ehIyRbfab;

enAkñ úgTVarvtInKr EbgEckrdæCa 10 cMENk . Etmin)annwkdl;

RBHnagGBa¢neTvIEdlCaRBHeCdæPKinIeT Etkalrlwk)an eTIbRtas;fa

{eyIgnwgEbgEckCa 11 cMENk} RBH)aTGgáúr³b¥ÚnRbúseBArbs;kSRt

TaMgenaHeBalfa {sUmm©as;bg EbgEckrbs;TUlRBHbgÁM[dl;RBH

eCdæPKinIcuH ´RBHGgÁnwgeFVICMnYjciBa©wmCIvit m©as;bgTaMgLaycUrlH

sYykñúgCnbTerog² xøÜn [dl;´RBHGgÁ} . kSRtTaMgenaHTTYlRBH

tRmas;ehIy eTIbykcMENkrbs;Ggáúr³[dl;RBHeCdæPKinI RBHraCa

TaMg 9 RBHGgÁ Rbfab;enAkñúgRkúgTVarvtI .

cMENkGgáúr³k¾eFVICMnYj bMeBjmhaTanCanic©kal . k¾Ggáúr³

enaHmanTas³mñak; mannaTIrkSaXøaMgEdlCaTInaMmknUvRbeyaCn_ .

Ggáúr³eBjcitþ eTIbsUmkulFItamñak;mk[eK . eBltaMgPK’b:ueNÑaH

eKk¾søab;eTA . kalbuRtenaHekItehIy Ggáúr³)anykéføQñÜlEdl


)an [dl;bitarbs;eK [dl;eK . luHekµgenaHceRmInv½y eTIb

ekItkarvinicä ½yeLIgkñúgraCRtkUlfa {ekµgenaHCaTas³b¤ minEmnhñ+}

RBHnagGBa¢neTvI)ansþab;dUecñaH eTIbRtas;eRbóbeFobedayemeKa

ciBa© wmykTwkedaH ehIyRtas;fa {sUm,IbuRtrbs;mataEdlCaGñkCa

k¾RtÚvCaGñkCab: ueNÑaH} dUecñH eTIb[rYccakBIPaBCaTas³eTA .

EteRBaHesckþIeGonxµas ekµgenaHeTIbminGacenAkñúgTIenaH)an

)aneTAkan;eraruvnKr naMFItarbs;Cagtm,ajmñak;kñúgnKrenaHeTACamYy

ciBa© wmCIvitedaykart,ajsMBt; . sm½yenaH manmhaesdæImñak;

eQµaHfa Gsyð³ kñúgeraruvnKr eK)an[mhaTandl;BYksmN-

RBahµN_ mnusSkMRBa GñkdMeNIr vNiBVk³ nigyackTaMgLay .

Cagtm,ajenaH ekItbIti nigesamnsS elIkédsþaMcg¥ úl[emIl

nievsn_énGsyðmhaesdæI dl;CnEdlminsÁal;pÞHrbs;esdæIfa {sUm

GñkTaMgLaycUreTAkñ úgTIenaH nwg)anvtß úEdlKYr)an} . kmµrbs;eK

manehIykñúgRBH)alIenaHÉg .

sm½ytmk eKeFVIkal³ehIy eTAekItCaPumµeTvtaRtg;edIméRC


mYyedImkñúgmruPUmi ¬TenøxSac;¦ . édsþaMrbs;eK)an[vtßúEdlKYrR)afña

RKb;y:ag . k¾kñ úgeraruvnKrenaHÉg manbursmñak; CaGñkxVl;xVay

kñúgTanrbs;GsyðesdæI EtminmansT§a minmanesckþIRCHføa Ca

micäaTidæi mineGIeBIkñúgkarbMeBjbuNü eFVIkal³ehIy eTAekItCaeRbt

minq¶ayGMBITIenArbs;eTvbuRtenaH . k¾kmµEdleKeFV I mkehIykñúg

RBH)alIenaHÉg . cMENkGsyðmhaesdæIeFV Ikal³ehIy cUldl;

PaBCasmøaj;rbs;skáeTvraC kñúgPBtavtigS .

luHsm½ytmk esþcGgáúr³)anpÞúkTMnijedayreTH 500 nig

RBahµN_mñak;pÞ úkTMnijedayreTH 500 rYmesckþIfa CnTaMgBIrnak;

pÞúkTMnijedayreTH 1>000 eFVIdMeNIreTAtampøÚvmruknþar³ k¾vegVgpø Úv

eFV IdMeNIrkñ úgTIenaH² Ég eRcInéf¶ Gs;esµA Twk nigGahar esþc

Ggáúr³[TUtesHEsVgrkTwkpwkTaMg 4 Tis . lMdab;enaH eTvtaGñk

manéd[vtßúEdlRtÚvkarenaH eXIjCnTaMgenaHdl;nUvesckþIvinas

dUecñaH eTIbKitdl;]bkar³EdlesþcGgáúr³)aneFVITukdl;xø Ünkñ úgkal

mruknþar pø Úvq¶aydac;RsyalRbkbedayxSac; .


mun eTIbKitfa {eNðIycuH \LÚvenHeyIgnwgKb,IeFVICaTIBwgrbs;esþc

Ggáúr³enH} dUecñHehIy eTIb)anbgðaj[emIledIméRC EdlCaTIenA

rbs;xø Ün . )anB¤fa edIméRCenaH sm,ÚredayEmk nigRbKab man

søwkRkas; manmøb;RtQwgRtéQ manBYreRcInBan; eBaledayTMhM

nigkMBs; RbmaNCa 1 eyaCn_ . esþcGgáúr³ eXIjdUecñaHehIy

ekItesckþIeRtkGry:agéRkElg [e)aHCMrMxageRkamedIméRCenaH .

eTvtalaédxagsþaMrbs;xø Ünecj [CnTaMgGs;Eq¥tsáb;sál;eday

TwkCamun . tGMBIenaH eTIb)an[RKb;vtßúEdleKRKb;KñaR)afña .

kalmhaCnTaMgenaH Eq¥tsáb;sál;tamesckþIRtÚvkar eday

)ay nigTwkCaedImRKb;RbePTtamRtÚvkary:agenH eRkaymk kal

Gnþraykñúgpø Úvs¶b;ehIy RBahµNEdlCaQµÜjenaH eFV ITukkñúgcitþmin

l¥ Kity:agenHfa {eyIgecjBITIenHeTAkan;Ednkm<úC³ehIy nwgeFVI

GVI edIm,I[)anRTBü k¾eyIgnwgnaMeTvtaenHÉgeTAeday])ayNanImYy

eLIgkan;yaneTAkan;nKrrbs;eyIg} luHKity:agenHehIy kalnwg

R)ab;esckþIenaHdl;esþcGgáúr³ eTIbeBalKafa 2 Kafafa

-281- Gdækfa ]BVrIvKÁ erOgGgá úreRbtTI 9

eyIgTaMgLayEsVgrkRTBü eTAkan;Ednkm<úC³

edIm,IRtÚvkarvtßúNa eTvbuRtenHCaGñk[vtßúEdleyIg

R)afña)an BYkeyIgnwgnaMeTvbuRtenHeTA edaykar

GgVr b¤bgç itbgçM cab;dak;yan naMeTAkan;TVarknKr

edayqab;rh½s .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa ysS Gtßay ¬edIm,IRtÚvkarvtßúNa¦

)andl; eRBaHehtuénRbeyaCn_Na . bTfa kem<aC¿ ¬kem<aC³¦ )an

dl; Ednkem<aC³ . bTfa Fnharka ¬rkRTBü¦ )andl; Gñkrk

RTBüEdl)anmkedaykarTijlk; . bTfa kamTeTa ¬Gñk[vtßúEdl

eyIgcg;)an¦ )andl; Gñk[vtßútamEdlR)afña . bTfa yekça )an

dl; eTvbuRt . bTfa nyames )andl; nwgnaMeTA . bTfa

saFuekn )andl; edaykarGgVr . bTfa bsyð ¬bgçitbgçM¦ )an

dl; sgát;sgáintamGMeBIcitþ . bTfa yanM ¬yan¦ )andl; yan

EdlnaMmknUvesckþIsuxsb,ay . bTfa TVarkM ¬TVarknKr¦ )andl;

TVarvtInKr . BaküGFib,aykñúgxageRkay mandUcteTAenH . BYk


eyIgR)afñanwgecjGMBITIenH eTAkan;Ednkem<aC³ edIm,IRbeyaCn_Na

RbeyaCn_EdlnwgKb,I[seRmcedaykareTAenaH rEmgseRmckñúgTI

enHÉg . eRBaHeTvbuRTenH CaGñk[nUvsm,tþ iEdlKYrCaTIR)afña .

eRBaHdUecñaH eyIgeTIbsUmGgVreTvbuRtenH ehIynaMeTAtamGnumti

rbs;eTvbuRtenaH b¤RbsinebImineTAkarRBmeRBógKñaeT nwgbgçMeLIg

kan;yan eTAeRkaydak;elIyanedayBlkar ehIycab;eTvbuRtenaH

cgédeTAeRkayTukkñ úgyan ecjGMBITIenH Rbjab;eTAkan;TVarvtI-

nKr .

cMENkesþcGgáúr³ RtÚvRBahµN_enaHENnaMniyayy:agenHehIy

CaGñktaMgenAkñ úgsb,úrisFm’ kalnwgbdiesFBakü eTIbeBalKafa

enHfa

buKÁlGaRs½ykarGgÁúy edk enAeRkammøb;

énedImeQINa minKYrkac;EmkénedImeQIenaH eRBaH

karRbTUsþmitþ CaesckþIefakTab .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa n PeBa¢yü ¬minKYrkac;¦ )andl;

-283- Gdækfa ]BVrIvKÁ erOgGgáúreRbtTI 9

minKb,Ikat; . bTfa mitþTueBÖa ¬karRbTUsþmitþ¦ )andl; karRbTUsþ

mitþ KW naMesckþIvinas[ekItdl;mitþTaMgenaH . bTfa )abeka ¬efak

Tab¦ )andl; mnusSminl¥ KW mnusSEtgEtRbTUsþcMeBaHmitþ . Bit

ehIy edImeQIEdlmanmøb;d¾RtCak;Na rEmgbenÞabg;esckþIRkvl;

Rkvayrbs;CnEdlRtÚvkMedAéf¶ nrNa² minKYrKitRbTUsþdl;edIm

eQIenaH . nwgcaM)ac;eBaleTAfVIdl;BYkstVhñ+ . esþcGgáúr³sEmþg

fa {eTvbuRtenH Casb,úrs CabuBVkarIbuKÁl GñkbenÞabg;Tukç Gñk

man]bkar³eRcIn dl;eyIgTaMgLay eyIgminKYrKitRbTUsþGVI² dl;

eTvbuRtenaH edayBit eTvbuRtenaH eyIgKYrbUCaEtmü:ag .

RBahµN_)ansþab;dUecñaH Kitfa {nwgENnaMbMPan;mUlehtuén

esckþIRtÚvkar} dUecñH GaRs½ypøÚvEdlCaEbbEpn taMgenAkñúgcMENk

minRsbKñadl;esþcGgáúr³ eTIbeBalKafafa


énedImeQINa Kb,Ikat;sUm,IedIménedImeQIenaH)an

RbsinebImanesckþIRtÚvkarenaH .


bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Getßa ec taTiesa siya ¬Rbsin

ebImanesckþIRtÚvkarenaH¦ esckþIfa ebIKb,ImanesckþIRtÚvkareday

TBVsmÖar³enaH . GFib,ayfa {sUm,IedImrbs;edImeQIenaHk¾KYrkat;

nwgcaM)ac;eBaleTAfV Idl;EmkCaedImhñ + .

kalRBahµN_eBaly:agenHehIy esþcGgáúr³kalnwgrkSadl;

sb,úrisFm’ eTIbeBalnUvKafaenHfa


edImeQINa minKb,ITmøaysUm,Isøwkrbs;edImeQI

enaH eRBaHkarRbTUsþcMeBaHmitþ CaesckþIefakTab .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa n tsS btþM PienÞyü ¬minKb,I

TmøaysUm,Isøwkrbs;edImeQIenaH¦ esckþIfa minKb,IeFVIsUm,IRtwm

EtsøwkmYysnøwkrbs;edImeQIenaH[dac;eTA nwgcaM)ac;eBalfVIdl;

EmkCaedImhñ+ .

RBahµN_kalnwgrkSanUvvaT³rbs;xø ÜneTot eTIbeBalKafafa



edImeQINa Kb,IdkedImeQIenaH RBmTaMgb£s)an

ebIKb,Ikñ úgbMNgenaH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa smUlm,i tM GBVúeh ¬Kb,IdkedIm

eQIenaHRBmTaMgb£s¦ esckþIfa Kb,Idk KW Kb,IdkeLIgnUvedImeQI

enaHRBmTaMgb£s KW mYyGenø Iedayb£skñúgTIenaH .

kalRBahµN_eBaly:agenHehIy esþcGgáúr³manbMNgnwg

eFV IEbbEpnenaH[KµanRbeyaCn_eTot eTIbeBal 3 KafaTaMgenHfa

k¾bursKb,Isñak;enAkñ úgpÞHénbuKÁlNa sUm,I

mYyraRtI b¤Kb,I)an)ay Twkkñ úgTINa minKYrKit

GaRkk;kñúgbuKÁlenaH sUm,Iedaycitþ PaBCaGñkktBaØÚ

sb,úrsTaMgLaysresIrehIy bursKb,Isñak;enA

kñ úgpÞHénbuKÁlNa sUm,ImYyraRtI Kb,I)ankarTMnuk

bRmúgeday)ay nigTwk k¾minKb,IKitGaRkk;RbTUsþ-

r:aydl;buKÁlenaH sUm,Iedaycitþ buKÁlmanédmin

ebotebon rEmgdutbursEdlRbTUsþmitþ bursNa


manGñkesckþIl¥Tuk[mun xageRkaymkebotebon

edayesckþIGaRkk; bursenaH CaGñkkm©at;Gñkman

)atédTTwk rEmgminCYbesckþIceRmInTaMgLay .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa ysS )andl; rbs;buKÁlNa .

bTfa Ékrtþim,i ¬sUm,ImYyraRtI¦ esckþIfa Kb,IGaRs½yenAkñ úgpÞH

sUm,IRtwmEtmYyraRtI . bTfa ytßnñ)anM bur iesa lePf ¬burs

Kb,I)an)ayTwkkñúgTINa¦ esckþIfa bursxøH Kb,I)anePaCnNamYy

minfa Ca)ay b¤Twk kñúgsmñak;énbuKÁlNa . bTfa n tsS )abM

mnsabi cinþey ¬minKYrKitGaRkk;dl;buKÁlenaHsUm,Iedaycitþ¦ man

n½yfa buKÁlminKb,IKit minKb,IR)afñavtßúEdlminl¥ KW vtßúEdlKµan

RbeyaCn_cMeBaHbuKÁlenaH sUm,Iedaycitþ nwgcaM)ac;eBalfVIdl;kay

nigvacahñ+ . RbsinebImanBaküsYrfa {RbkarenaHeRBaHehtuGVI?} eqøIy

fa {eRBaHPaBCaGñkktBaØÚ Edlsb,úrsTaMgLaysresIrehIy} .

GFib,ayfa {EdleQµaHfa PaBCaGñkktBaØÚ Edlbursd¾]tþmman

RBHBuT§Cam©as;CaedIm sresIrehIy} .


bTfa ]bdæieta ¬)anTMnukbRmúg¦ esckþIfa Kb,IcUleTAGgÁúy

Cit KW Kb,I]bdæakeday)ay nigTwkCaedImfa {elakcUrTTYlvtßúenH

elakcUrbriePaKvtß úenH} . bTfa GTuBÖ)aNI ¬GñkmanédEdlmin

ebotebon¦ )andl; GñkmanédEdlminebotebon KW GñksRgÜméd .

bTfa Thet mitþTuBÖ w ¬rEmgdutbuKÁlRbTUsþmiRt¦ esckþIfa rEmg

dut KW rEmgeFVIbuKÁlGñkeRcInRbTUsþmitþenaH[vinas . eBaleday

Gtß eQµaHfa rEmgdutGñkdéTEdleFVIxuskñúgbuKÁlminRbTUsþ CaGñk

sm,ÚredayGFüaRs½yEdlCaRbeyaCn_ KW naMmknUvesckþIvinasdl;

GñkRbTUsr:ayenaHÉg edayminEbøkKña eRBaHehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaK

eTIbRtas;fa

buKÁlNaRbTUsþdl;br³Na EdlminRbTUsþ

CabursbrisuT§ minmankielsCaeRKÓgCab; )abrEmg

RtLb;mkdl;CnenaHEdlCaCnBaledayBit dUcCa

FUlId¾l¥itEdlbuKÁl)acb®Ba©asxül; dUecñaH .

bTfa eya bueBV ktklüaeNa ¬buKÁlNamanGñkeFVIesckþI


l¥Tuk[mun¦ esckþIfa buKÁlNa manesckþIl¥EdlbuKÁll¥xøHeFVI

[ KW eFV I]bkar³[ . bTfa bcäa )aebn hwsti ¬xageRkaymk

ebotebonedayGMeBIGaRkk;¦ esckþIfa tmkxageRkay ebotebonnUv

buKÁlenaHEdleFVI]bkar³mun edaykmµGaRkk; KW kmµminl¥ )andl;

edaykmµEdl\tRbeyaCn_ . bTfa Glø)aNiheta e)aesa ¬burs

enaHCaGñkkm©at;Gñkman)atédTTwk¦ esckþIfa Gñkkm©at; KW ebotebon

Gñkman)atédTTwk KW Gñkman)atédesIm eRBaHeFVI]bkar³ )andl;

eFV I]bkar³mun edayédEdllagehIy edayn½ydUceBalehIykñúg

xageRkay . mü:agvijeTot km©at;edaykarebotebonbuKÁlGñkeFVI

]bkar³munenaH eQµaHfa km©at;Gñkman)atédTTwk . )andl; Cn

GktBaØÚ . bTfa n esa PRTani bsSti ¬CnenaHrEmgminCYbnUv

esckþIceRmInTaMgLay¦ esckþIfa buKÁlenaH KW buKÁltamEdleBal

ehIy rEmgmineXIj rEmgminRbsBV KW rEmgmin)ankñúgelakenH

nigkñ úg\LÚvenH .

RBahµN_enaH RtÚvesþcGgáúr³elIksresIrsb,úrisFm’ eBal


sgát;sgáiny:agenH k¾CaGñkenAes¶óm . cMENkeTvbuRt)ansþab;

BaküeqøIyqøgrbs;CnTaMg 2 enaH sUm,InwgeRkaFcMeBaHRBahµN_ k¾

Kitfa {eNðIycuH eBleRkayeyIgnwgdwgkmµEdlKYreFVIdl;RBahµN_

GñkRbTUsþenH} kalnwgsEmþgPav³rbs;xøÜnEdlnrNa² sgát;sgáin

min)an CadMbUg eTIbeBalKafafa

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nwgmksgát;sgáineyIg)anedaygay eyIgCaeTvta

GñkmanmhiT§ib£T§ id ¾kMBUl CaGñkeTA)anq¶ay sm,Úr

edayrsµI nigkmøa Mg .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa eTevn va ¬eTvtab¤¦ )andl; nwg

CaeTvtaGgÁNamYyk¾eday . sUm,Ikñ úgbTfa mnuesSn va ¬b¤

mnusS¦ enH k¾n½yenHdUcKña . bTfa \sSrieyn va ¬b¤\sSCn¦

esckþIfa GñkCaFMkñúgBYkeTvtakþI GñkCaFMkñ úgBYkmnusSkþI . kñúgPaB

CaFM 2 y:agenaH eQµaHfa PaBCaFMkñ úgBYkeTvta )andl; eTvb£T§i

rbs;esþccatumµharaC skáeTvraC nigesþcsuyam³ CaedIm . eQµaH


fa PaBCaFMkñ úgBYkmnusS )andl; buBaØb£T§ irbs;esþccRkBtþiCaedIm

eRBaHdUecñaH elakeTIbse®gÁaHykeTvta nigmnusSEdlmanGanuPaB

eRcIn eday\sSriy³sBÞ . BitehIy eTvtasUm,ICaGñkmanGanu-

PaBeRcIn kalebIminmanmnusSGñkpþl;plénbuNü]btßmÖxø Ün rEmg

minGacedIm,InwgRKbsgát;esckþIvibtþikñ úgkarRbkbesckþIBüayam)an

nwgcaM)ac;eBalfVIdl;buKÁleRkABIenH . sBÞfa hM Cani)ateRbIkñúg

Gtßfa Gt;Fn;min)an . bTfa n sub,seyða ¬minmanbuKÁlNa

sgát;sgáin)anedaygay¦ )andl; EdlnrNa² km©at;min)an .

bTfa yekçahmsµi brmiT§ ibetþa ¬eyIgCaeTvtaGñkmanmhiT§ ib£T § id¾

kMBUl¦ esckþIfa eRBaHplénbuNürbs;xø Ün eyIgeTIbcUldl;PaB

CaeTvbuRt KW eyIgCaeTvbuRtBit² minEmnCaeTvbuRtEkøgkøay .

edayBit eyIgmanb£T§iy:agéRkElg KW Rbkbedayb£T§irbs;eTvbuRt

d¾x<s; . bTfa TUrgÁema ¬eTA)anq¶ay¦ )andl; GacnwgeTAkan;TI

q¶ay)anedayqab;rh½s . edayBaküfa vNÑBlUbbenña ¬sm,Úr

edayrsµI nigkmøa Mg¦ enH eTvbuRtsEmþgcMeBaHPav³EdlxøÜnminRtÚv


nrNa² sgát;sgáinedaykarRbkbmnþCaedIm edaybTTaMg 3 fa

cUldl; KW RbkbedayrUbsm,tþi nigedaykmøaMgkay . BitehIy

buKÁlEdlsm,ÚredayrUb CaGñkEdlbuKÁldéTrab;GaneRcIn . eRBaH

GaRs½yrUbsm,tþi eTIbminRtÚvvtßúEdlCasRtÚvnwgKña GUsTajeTA)an

eLIy eRBaHdUecñaH elakeTIbeBalvNÑsm,tþifa CaehtuEdlnrNa²

RKbsgát;min)an .

bnÞab;GMBIenHeTA Ggáúr³BaNiC nigeTvbuRt )aneFVIBaküeqøIy

qøgKñafa

)atédrbs;elak manBN’dUcCamasTUeTA RT

RTg;nUvvtßúEdlbuKÁldéTR)afña edayRmamTaMg 5 CaTI

hUrecjénvtßúmanrsEp¥m vtßúmanrsepSg² rEmghUr

ecjGMBI)atédrbs;elak ´yl;fa elakCaesþc

burin ÞT³ .

rukçeTvtatbfa

eyIgminEmneTvta minEmnKn§BV minEmnesþc


ská³burin ÞT³ mñalGgáúr³ elakcUrRCabfa eyIgCa

eRbt cutiGMBIerar uvnKrmkenARtg;edIméRCenH .

GgáúrBaNiCsYrfa

kalmun elakenAkñ úgeraruvnKr elakman

RbRktIy:agNa mankarRbRBwtþy:agNa plbuNü

seRmcRtg;)atédrbs;elak eRBaHRBhµcarüGVI .

rukçeTvtatbfa

kalmun eyIgCaCagtm,aj enAkñúgeraruvnKr

CamnusSkMRBa ciBa© wmCIv itedaylM)akNas; eyIg

minmanGVIn wg[Tan . pÞHrbs;eyIgenACitpÞHrbs;

GsyðesdæI EdlCaGñkmansT§a CaTanbtI manbuNü

EdleFVIehIy CaGñkxµasdl;)ab . BYkyack

vNiBVk³ mannam nigeKaRtepSg² Kña eTATIpÞHrbs;

eyIg k¾naMKñasYrdl;pÞHrbs;GsyðesdæIn wgeyIgfa

sUmesckþIceRmIncUrmandl;GñkTaMgLay BYkeyIg

-293- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOgGgáúreRbtTI 9

nwgeTApøÚvNa TaneK[kñúgTINa eyIgRtÚvBYkyack

vNiBVk³sYrehIy )anelIkédxagsþa Mcg¥úlR)ab;pÞH

GsyðmhaesdæI dl;yack vNiBVk³TaMgenaHfa

GñkTaMgLaycUreTApøÚvenH esckþIceRmInnwgmandl;

GñkTaMgLay TaneK[kñúgTIenaH . eRBaHehtuenaH

)atédrbs;eyIgeTIb[vtßúEdlKYrR)afña CaTIhUrecj

énvtß úmanrsEp¥m plbuNürEmgseRmcRtg;)atéd

rbs;eyIg eRBaHRBhµcarüenaH .

GgáúrBaNiCsYrfa

)anB¤fa elakmin)an[Tandl;nrNa² eday

édTaMgBIrrbs;xø Ün )anRtwmEtGnuemaTnaTan rbs;

buKÁldéT elIkédcg¥úlR)ab;pø Úv[ eRBaHehtuenaH

)atédrbs;elak eTIb[vtßúEdlKYrR)afña CaTIhUr

ecjénvtßúmanrsEp¥m plbuNürEmgseRmcRtg;)at

édrbs;elak eRBaHRBhµcarüenaH bBiRtelakd¾


ceRmIn GsyðmhaesdæIGñkRCHføa )an[nUvTaneday

édTaMgBIrrbs;xø Ün lHbg;ragkaymnusSehIy eTA

kan;TisNahñ+ .

rukçeTvtatbfa

eyIgmindwgpøÚveTA b¤pøÚvmk rbs;GsyðesdæI

GñkGt;Fn; GñkmanrsµIpSayecjGMBIxøÜn EteyIg)an

sþab;mkkñúgsMNak;rbs;esþcevsSv½Nfa Gsyð-

esdæI dl;PaBCasMLaj;rbs;esþcská³ .

GgáúrBaNiCeBalfa

buKÁlKYreFV IEtesckþIl¥ KYr[TantamsmKYr

nrNa)aneXIj)atédEdl[vtßúK YrR)afñaehIy nwg

mineFVIbuNühñ+ eyIgeTAGMBITIenHdl;eTATVarknKr nwg

Rbjab;[Tan EdlnwgnaMesckIþsuxmk[dl;eyIg

edayBit eyIgnwg[)ay Twk sMBt; esnasn³

GNþÚgTwk RsHTwk nigs<ankñúgTIedIreTA)anlM)ak Ca


Tan dUecñH .

rYmCaKafaEdleBal nigeBalsYrKñaman 15 Kafa .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa )aNi et ¬)atédrbs;elak¦ )an

dl; )atédsþaMrbs;elak . bTfa sBVesa veNÑa ¬manB’NdUc

masTUeTA¦ )andl; manvNÑ³dUcmasTaMgGs; . bTfa bBa©Faera

¬RTRTg;TuknUvvtßú EdlbuKÁlR)afñaedayRmamTaMg 5¦ n½yfa eQµaHfa

bBa©Far³ eRBaHmankarRTRTg;TuknUvvtß úEdlbuKÁlBYkdéTR)afña eday

RmamTaMg 5 . bTfa mFusSeva ERbfa CaTIhUrecjnUvrsd¾q¶aj; .

eRBaHehtuenH Ggáúr³BaNiCeTIbeBalfa nanarsa bKÇrnþi ¬rsepSg²

rEmghUrecj¦ esckþIfa rsepSg² manrsEp¥m rslVIg nigrsct;

CaedIm rEmghUrecj . BitehIy elakeBalTukfa {rs manrsEp¥m

CaedIm rEmghUrecjGMBIéd EdlbgðÚrnUvrbs;TMBa nigrbs;suIepSg²

Edlsm,Úredayrs manrsEp¥mCaedIm Edl[tamesckþIR)afñarbs;

eTvbuRt . bTfa meBaØhM tM burin ÞT M ERbfa ´smÁal;fa elakCa

esþcburin ÞT³ . GFib,ayfa {´yl;fa elakCaskáeTvraC Edl


manGanuPaBeRcIny:agenH} .

bTfa namði eTeva ¬eyIgminEmneTvta¦ eskþIfa eyIgminEmn

CaeTvtaEdlR)akd manesþcevsSv½NCaedIm . bTfa n Kn§eBVa

¬minEmnKn§BV¦ esckþIfa eyIgminEmneTvtaEdlCab;Tak;TgkñúgBYk

Kn§BV . bTfa nabi sekáa burin ÞeTa ¬minEmnesþcská³bur in ÞT³¦

esckþIfa eyIgTaMgminEmnCaskáeTvraC Edl)annamfa burinÞT³ eRBaH

)anepIþmeFV ITankñúgGtþPaBmun KW kñúgkalmun . edIm,IecosvagBakü

sYrfa {k¾elakCaGVI?} rukçeTvtaeTIbeBalBakümanCaGaTifa {mñal

Ggáúr³ elakcUrRCabfa ´CaeRbt} . GFib,ayfa {mñalGgáúr³ elak

cUrdwgfa ´ekItCaeRbt KW elakcUrcaMnUv´fa CaeRbtGñkmanb£T§ieRcIn

mYyrUb} . bTfa eraruvmða \FaKtM ¬cakeraruvnKrGaRs½yenARtg;

edIméRCenH¦ esckþIfa eyIgcuticakeraruvnKr ehIymkkñúgTIenH KW

Rtg;edIméRCenH kñúgpøÚvknþarxSac; edaykar]b,tþi KW ekItkñúgTIenH .

bTfa kw sIela kwsmacaera eraruvmð i buer tuv M ¬kalmun

elakenAkñúgerr uvnKr elakmanRbRktIy:agNa mankarRbRBwtþy:ag


Na¦ esckþIfa kalmun KW kñúgGtþPaBmun elakenAÉeraruvnKr Ca

GñkmanRbRktIdUcemþc mankarRbRBwtþdUcemþc? KW elaksmaTansIl

y:agNa EdlmanlkçN³[RtLb;cak)ab manesckþIRbRBwtþy:ag

Na? edaykarRbRBwtþ manlkçN³bMeBjbuNüEdl[RbRBwtþeTA

ehIy . GFib,ayfa {elakCaGñkRbRBwtþdUcmþc? kñ úgkarbMeBj

kuslmanTanCaedIm . bTfa ekn et RBhµcrieyn buBaØM )aNimði

\CÄti ¬plbuNüseRmcRtg;)atédrbs;elak eRBaHRBhµcarüdUc

emþc¦ esckþIfa plbuNüenH KW EbbenH rEmgseRmc KW rEmg

plitplRtg;)atédrbs;elakkúñgeBlenH eRBaHkarRbRBwtþRbesIr

dUcemþc elakcUrR)ab;erOgenaH . BitehIy plbuNü elakbMNg

ykfa buNü kñúgTIenH edaykarlubbTxageRkay . BitehIy

tBIenaH plbuNüenaH RBHmanRBHPaKRtas;fa {buNü} kñúgRbeyaK

manCaGaTifa {mñalPikçúTaMgLay buNüenH rEmgceRmIny:agenH

eRBaHehtuénkarsmaTankuslFm’} .

bTfa tunñvaeya¬1¦ ¬Cagtm,aj¦ )andl; ´CaCagtm,aj .

1¦ bidk = tnþvaeya .


bTfa sukicäv ut þ i ¬ciBa© wmCIv itedayesckþIlM)akNas;¦ )andl; Ca

GñkciBa©wmCIvitedayesckþIlM)akNas; KW CaGñkmanCIvitlM)aky:ag

éRkElg . bTfa kbeNa ERbfa CamnusSkMRBa . GFib,ayfa

{CamnusSRklM)ak} . bTfa n em viC¢ti Tatev ¬eyIgminmanGVI

nwg[Tan¦ esckþIfa eyIgminmanGVIEdlsmKYrnwg[ edIm,Inwg[dl;

smNRBahµN_ GñkedIrpøÚv EteyIgmankarKitnwg[Tan .

bTfa nievsnM )andl; pÞH b¤salasmñak;eFVIkargar . bT

fa GsyðsS ]bnþiek ¬CitpÞHGsyðesdæI¦ )andl; CitpÞHrbs;mha

esdæI eQµaHfa Gsyð³ . bTfa sT§sS ¬mansT§a¦ esckþIfa

RbkbedaykareCOkmµ nigplenkmµ . bTfa Tanbtiena ¬CaTanbtI¦

esckþIfa CaGñkFMkñúgTan edaysm,tþiCaehtubric©aKCanic© nigeday

karRKbsgát;esckþIelaP . bTfa ktbuBaØsS ¬manbuNüEdleFVI

ehIy¦ )andl; GñkmansucritkmµEdleFVITukknugkalmun . bTfa

lC¢iena ¬CaGñkxµas;)ab¦ )andl; GñkmanesckþIxµas;cMeBaH)abCa

sPav³ .


bTfa ttß ¬Rtg;pÞHenaH¦ )andl; kñúgpÞHrbs;´enaH . bTfa

yacnka ynþi ¬BYkyackeTA¦ esckþIfa mnusSyack R)afñanwgsUm

GVI² nwgGsyðesdæI eTIbnaMKñamk . bTfa nanaeKatþa ¬eKaRt

epSg²¦ )andl; GñksEmþgGagdl;eKaRtepSg² . bTfa vNiBVka

¬vNiBVk³¦ )andl; BYksUmTanEdlsMEdgBaküsresIr . CnNa

edIrRbkasdl;plbuNüCaedImrbs;Tayk nigesckþIEdlxøÜnRtÚvkar

edaysMedAdl;kitþ iKuNCaedIm . bTfa ttß kñúgbTfa et c mM

ttß bucänþ i enaH RtwmEtCani)at . CnCayackCaedImTaMgenaH naM

KñasYrdl;pÞHrbs;GsyðesdæIn wgeyIg . BitehIy elakEdlKit

GkSr rEmgR)afñakmµTaMg 2 y:ag kñúgzan³dUecñH .

bTfa ktß Kcäam PTÞM eva ktß TanM bTIyti ¬sUmesckþI

ceRmIncUrmandl;elakTaMgLay BYkeyIgnwgeTApøÚvNa TaneK[kñúg

TINa¦ CabTsEmþgdl;GakarsYrrbs;yackTaMgenaH . BitNas;

kñúgTIenHmanGFib,aydUecñHfa {sUmesckþIceRmIncUrmandl;elakTaMg

Lay BYkeyIg)anB¤fa GsyðesdæIrEmg[Tan dUecñH eTIbnaMKñamk

-3 00- brmtßTIbnI Gdækfa xuTÞknikay ebtvtßú

eK[TankñúgTINa b¤fa eyIgnwgeTApø ÚvNa GñkEdleTApø ÚvNa Gac

nwg)anTan . bTfa etsahM buedæa Gkçami ¬eyIgRtÚvsYrehIy

k¾)anR)ab;dl;yack vNiBVk³TaMgenaH¦ esckþIfa RtÚvBYkGñkedIrpøÚv

TaMgenaHsYrdl;zan³Edlnwg)an y:agenH eTIb[ekItesckþIekat-

ERkgeLIgfa {eyIgCaGñkminGacedIm,Inwg[GVI² dl;CnTaMgenH kñúg

eBlenH)an eRBaHminFøab;eFV IbuNüTukxøHGMBImun EteyIgnwgsMEdg

eragTandl;CnTaMgenH[ekItbItieLIg edaykarR)ab;])ayénkar)an

sUm,IedayehtuRtwmbu:eNÑH k¾nwgekItbuNüeLIgd¾eRcIn)an} eTIbla

édxagsþaMcg¥úlR)ab;pÞHGsyðesdæIdl;CnTaMgenaH . eRBaHehtuenaH

rukçeTvtaeTIbeBalfa )anelIkédxagsþa M dUecñHCaedIm .

bTfa etn )aNi kamTeTa ¬eRBaHehtuenaH )atédeTIb[

vtßúEdlKYrR)afña¦ esckþIfa eRBaHehtuRtwmEtkarGnuemaTnaTan Edl

GñkdéTeFVIehIy edaykarRbkasTanrbs;GñkdéTenaH edayeKarB

\LÚvenH )atédrbs;eyIgeRbóbdUcCaedImkb,RBwkS nigeRbóbdUcCaedIm

TiBVRBwkS [vtßúEdlKYrR)afña KW [vtßúKYrEdlRtÚvkar EdlCaTIR)afña


eQµaHfa [vtßúEdlKYrR)afña . k¾eRBaHehtuenaH )atédrbs;eyIg

eTIb[vtßúEdlKYrR)afña CaTIhUrecjénrsd¾q¶aj; KW CaTIbeBa©jnUv

vtßúEdlKYrR)afña .

sBÞfa kir kñúgbTfa n kir tVM GTa TanM enH Cani)atcuH

kñúgGtßénGnusSvntß³ . )anB¤fa elakminlHvtßúrbs;xøÜn KW elak

min)an[TanGVI² dl;GñkNamñak; b¤dl;smN³ eday)atédrbs;

xøÜn KW RBmedayédrbs;xø Ün . bTfa brsS TanM GnuemaTmaena

¬GnuemaTnaTanrbs;GñkdéT¦ esckþIfa elakkalGnuemaTnanUvTan

rbs;GñkdéT EdlGñkdéTeFV IEtmü:agbu:eNÑaHfa {»¡ Tanelak)an[

RbRBwtþeTAehIy} .

bTfa etn )aNi kamTeTa ¬eRBaHehtuenaH )atédrbs;

elakeTIb[vtßúEdlKYrR)afña¦ esckþIfa eRBaHehtuenaH )atédrbs;

elak eTIb[nUvvtßúEdlKYrR)afñay:agenH . GFib,ayfa {»¡ KYr[

Gs©arüBithñ+ KtiénbuNüTaMgLay} . GgáúrBaNiCehAeTvbuRteday

esckþIeKarBfa bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn GsyðesdæICaGñkRCHføa )an


[TanedayédTaMgBIrrbs;xøÜn . GFib,ayfa {bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn

lMdab;dMbUg pldUecñH KW GanuPaBdUecñHrbs;elak EdlGnuemaTna

Tan EdlbuKÁldéTeFV ITukehIy EtGsyðmhaesdæIenaH)an[mha

Tan KW CaGñkmancitþRCHføa [mhaTanRbRBwtþeTAkñúgkalenaH eday

RTBüCaeRcInBan; . bTfa esa hitVa manusM eThM ¬lHbg;rag-

kayCarbs;mnusSehIy¦ esckþIfa elaklHbg;GtþPaBCamunsS

kñúgTIenH . bTfa kw )andl; TisNa . sBÞfa nu kñ úgBaküfa

nu esa enH RtwmEtCani)at . bTfa TistM Keta ERbfa eTAkan;

Tis KW EdlGgáúrBaNiCsYrdl;GPism,rayPBrbs;GsyðesdæIfa

{Kti KW esckþIseRmcrbs;elakesdæIenaH dUcemþc?} .

bTfa Gsyðsahiena ¬GsyðesdæICaGñkGt;Fn;¦ esckþIfa

eQµaHfa GsyðesdæICaGñkGt;Fn; eRBaHGt;Fn;kñúgFur³rbs;sb,úrs

CaGñkEbgEckkarbric©aKCaedIm EdlGñkdéTmanesckþIkMNaj;; KW

CaGñkEdlRtÚvesckþIelaPRKbsgát; minGacedIm,InwgGt;RTaM)an KW

Gt;Fn;)an . bTfa GgÁIrssS ¬GñkmanrsµIpSayecjGMBIxø Ün¦ )an


dl; GñkmanBnøWpSayecjGMBIxøÜn . BitehIy bTfa resa CaeQµaH

énBnøWd¾rugerOg . )anB¤fa bIti nigesamnsSy:agéRkElg rEmg

ekIteLIgdl;GsyðesdæIenaH eRBaHeXIjBYkyackkMBugedIrmk KW

TwkmuxrEmgRss;Rsay . rukçeTvtaenaHeBaly:agenH eRBaHeFV IeK

[RbckSdl;xøÚn . bTfa Ktw GaKtw va ¬pøÚveTA b¤pøÚvmk¦ esckþI

fa eyIgmindwgTIeTArbs;GsyðesdæIenaHfa {eKcakelakenHehIy

eTAkan;KtieQµaHÉeNaH} . b¤mindwgTImkfa {k¾b¤fa eKcakTIenaH

ehIy nwgmkkñúgTIenH kñúgkaleQµaHÉeNaH} . enHminEmnCavis½y

rbs;eyIg . bTfa sutBa© em evsSvNsS snþiek ¬eyIg)an

sþab;mkkñúgsMNak;rbs;esþcevsSv½N¦ esckþIfa EteyIgeTAkan;

TI]bdæak )ansþab;esckþIenHmkkñúgsMNak;esþcevsSv½NmharaC .

bTfa skásS shBütM Keta Gseyða ¬GsyðesdæIdl;PaBCa

shayrbs;esþcská³¦ esckþIfa GsyðesdæIdl;nUvPaBCasMLaj;

rbs;esþcská³cmeTB . GFib,ayfa {ekItkñ úgPBtavtþigS} .

bTfa Glemv katu M klüaNM ¬buKÁlKYreFV IesckþIl¥Bit¦


esckþIfa KuN KW esckþIl¥NanImYy KW buNükusl smKYr KW

KYrEdlnwgRtÚveFV IedayBitEtmü:ag . k¾kñ úgKuN KW esckþIl¥enaH

vtßúEdlTUeTAdl;CnTaMgBYg KYreFV Il¥Cag . edIm,IsEmþgnUvvtß úenaH

GgáúrBaNiCeTIbeBalfa {KYrnwg[TantamsmKYr} . KYrBitnwg[Tan

EdlsmKYrdl;sm,tþ i nigkmøaMgrbs;xøÜn . GgáúrQµÜjeBalehtu

kñ úgesckþIenaHTukfa {eXIj)atédEdl[nUvvtß úCaTIR)afña} . eRBaH

eXIjédenH EdleXIjfa [vtßúEdlKYrR)afña eRBaHehtumankarGnu-

emaTnacMENkbuNüEdlGñkdéTeFVIehIyCaxagedIm nigeRBaHehtu

RtwmEtkarR)ab;pø ÚvCaTIcUleTAkan;pÞHelakCaTanbtI . bTfa eka

buBaØ M n krisSti ¬nrNanwgmineFV IbuNühñ+¦ esckþIfa EdleQµaH

fa nrNadUcCaeyIg nwgmineFV IbuNüEdlCaTIBwgrbs;xø Ünhñ+ .

GgáúrBaNiC luHsEmþgesckþIeGIeBIkñ úgkarbMeBjbuNüeday

minkMNt;BitR)akdy:agenH \LÚvenH kalnwgsEmþgkarkMNt;Bit

R)akddl;karbMeBjbuNüenaHrbs;xøÜn eTIbeBalKafa 2 Kafa man

CaGaTifa esa hi nUn dUecñH .


bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa esa )andl; eyIgenaH . sBÞfa

hi Cani)at cuHkñúgGtßénGvFarN³ . sBÞfa nUn Cani)at cuHkñúg

Gtßfa brivitká³ . bTfa \eta Kn¡þa (eTAGMBITIen¼) esckþIfa eyIg

eTAGMBIsmuRtxSac;enHehIy . bTfa Gnub,tVan TVarkM )andl;

dl;TVarvtInKredaylMdab; . bTfa bdæbyisSami¬1¦ ¬nwgRbjab;

[¦ )andl; nwg[RbRBwtþeTA .

kalGgáúrBaNiCeFV IebþCJafa {eyIgnwg[Tan} y:agenHehIy

eTvbuRtk¾mancitþr Ikray eBalfa {elakGñknirTukç elakCaGñklH

cUr[TancuH cMENkeyIgnwgeFV InaTICasmøaj;rbs;elak eTyüFm’

rbs;elak nwgmindl;karGs;eTAedayRbkarNa eyIgnwgeFV Ieday

RbkarenaH} dUecñHehIy eTIb[GgáúrBaNiCenaHGach‘ankñúgkarbMeBj

Tan ehIyeBalfa {mñalRBahµN_BaNiC )anB¤fa elakR)afñanwg

naMbuKÁldUcCaeyIgeTAedayBlkar BitCaminsÁal;RbmaNxøÜnEmn}

dUecñHehIy k¾eFVI[TMnijrbs;RBahµN_BaNiCenaHGnþrFaneTA eTIb

1¦ bidk = bdæabyisSami .


KMram[RBahµN_BaNiCenaH[xøac edayGakard¾KYrP½yxøacfa Ca

ykS . lMdab;enaH GgáúrBaNiC eTIbGgVreTvbuRtenaH edayRbkar

epSg² [RBahµN_xmaeTas [RCHføa eTIbeFVITMnijTaMgGs;[RtLb;

CaRbRktI evlaCitRBlb;eTIbecjcakeTvbuRteTA eXIjeRbtmYy

KYr[xøacéRkElg kñúgTIminq¶ayBIkEnøgeTvbuRtenaH kalnwgsYrdl;

kmµEdleRbtenaHeFV I eTIbeBalKafafa

eRBaHehtuGVI Rmamédrbs;GñkeTIbEk¶gk¶g; mat;

rbs;GñkeTIbevoc nigTwkEPñkeTIbhUrecj Gñk)an

eFV I)abkmµGVIT uk .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa kuNa¬1¦ ERbfa Ek¶gk¶g; KW evoc

)andl; minRtg; . bTfa kuNlIktM )andl; evoc KW biT eRBaH

BikarRtg;mat; . bTfa bKÇrnþi ¬hUrecj¦ )andl; hUrvtß úmins¥at

ecjmk .

lMdab;enaH eRbt)aneBalKafa 3 Kafa dl;GgáúrBaNiCenaH

fa

1¦ bidk = kuNÐa .

-307- Gdækfa ]B Vr IvKÁ erOgGgá úreRbtTI 9

eyIgkalKhbtItaMgTukkñúgkar[Tan kñúgerag

Tan rbs;KhbtIGñkmanGgÁIrs GñkmansT§a Ca

XravasGñkRKb;RKgpÞH eXIjyackEdlmanbMNg

edayePaCnmkRtg;eragTanenaH )aneKcecjeTAeFV I

muxRkejvRkjÚvRtg;TImçag eRBaHkmµenaH Rmaméd

rbs;´eTIbEk¶gk¶g; mat;rbs;´eTIbevoc EPñkeTIbhUr

ecj ´)aneFV I)abkmµenaHTukehIy .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa GgÁIrssS ¬GgÁIrs¦ CaedIm eRbt

rBJkdl;GsyðesdæI . bTfa Xremsiena ¬GñkRKb;RKgpÞH¦ )an

dl; RKhsßGñkenARKb;RKgpÞH . bTfa TanvisSeKÁ ¬kñ úgeragTan¦

)andl; kñ úgeragTan KW kñ úgTICaTIbric©aKTan . bTfa Taen GFi-

keta GhuM ¬eyIgEdlKhbtItaMgTukkñ úgkar[Tan¦ esckþIfa taMg

Tuk KW cat;EcgTukkñ úgkarbric©aKeTyüFm’ KW kñúgkarbMeBjTan .

bTfa ÉkmnþM Gbkámµ ¬)aneKcecjeTARtg;TImYy¦ esckþIfa

1¦ bidk = Taen GFiKeta Ghu .


GñkxVl;xVaykñúgTan eXIjyackGñkRtÚvkarePaCnaharedIrmk min

eKcGMBIeragTan QrenAkñ úgTIedImenaHÉg ekItbIti nigesamnsS

manmuxRss;Rsay Kb,I[Tanedayédrbs;xø Ün b¤eRbIGñkdéTEdl

smKYr[[ . EteyIgmin)aneFV Iy:agenaH eXIjyackedIrmkGMBI

cMgay minsMEdgxø Ün k¾eKceTAkñ úgTImYy . bTfa Gkasw kuNÐlI

muxM ¬eFVImuxRkejvRkjÚv¦ esckþIfa eyIg)aneFVImuxRkejvRkjÚv .

bTfa etn ¬eRBaHkmµenaH¦ esckþIfa eRBaHkñ úgkalenaH ´

RtÚvecAhVaynayEtgtaMgTukkñ úgnaTI[Tan evlaCit[Tan ´k¾man

esckþIkMNaj;RKbsgát; eKcecjGMBIeragTan eFV IeCIgEk¶gk¶g; .

kalKYrnwg[Tanedayédrbs;xøÜn RtLb;Camin)aneFV Iy:agenaH eFVI

édEk¶gk¶g; kalKYrnwgmanmuxRss;Rsay k¾eFV ImuxRkjÚv kalKYr

smøwgemIledayEPñkKYr[RsLaj; k¾eFV IEPñk[elonecj . eRBaH

dUecñaH ´eTIbmanRmamédRmameCIgEk¶gk¶g; nigmuxRkejvRkjÚvxus

RbRktI . GFib,ayfa {EPñkTaMgBIrhUrTwkEPñkecjmk mins¥at man

køins¥úy KYrex< Im} . eRBaHehtuenaH eRbteTIbeBalfa


eRBaHkmµenaH édrbs;´eTIbEk¶gk¶g; muxRkjÚv

EPñkTaMg 2 rbs;´hUrecj eRBaH´)aneFVIkmµGaRkk;

enaHTuk .

GgáúrBaNiC)ansþab;dUecñaHehIy kalnwgtiHedoleRbt eTIb

eBalKafafa

EnbursefakTab karEdlGñkmanmuxRkjÚv

EPñkTaMg 2 hUrecj CakarRbéBehIy eRBaHGñk

)aneFVImuxRkjÚvcMeBaHTanrbs;buKÁldéT .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Femµn ¬CakarRbéBehIy¦ )andl;

edayehtud¾smKYrenaHÉg . bTfa et pøas;Ca tv ¬ERbfa rbs;

Gñk¦ . bTfa kaburis ¬bursefakTab¦ )andl; bursGaRkk; .

Baküfa yM pøas;Ca ysµa ¬ERbfa eRBaHehtuNa¦ . bTfa brsS

TansS ¬cMeBaHTanrbs;GñkdéT¦ )andl; kñúgTanrbs;buKÁldéT .

mü:ageTot )alIk¾y:agenHdUcKña .

GgáúrBaNiC kalnwgtiHedolTanbtIesdæIenaHeTot eTIbeBal


Kafafa

k¾ehtuGVI GsyðesdæIkalnwg[Tan eTIb)an

RbKl;)ay Twk rbs;TMBar sMBt; nigesnasn³

[GñkdéTcat;Ecg .

BaküEdlCaKafaenaH manGFib,aydUecñHfa {burskalnwg

[Tan ehtuGVIeTIbRbKl;[GñkdéTcat;EcgTanenaH KW eFV I[RbckS

dl;xø ÜnenaHÉg ehIyKb,I[edayédrbs;xøÜnÉg mYyeTot xø ÜnÉg

Kb,ICaGñkxVl;xVaykñúgTanenaH ebIeBaledayRbkardéT eTyüFm’

rbs;xø Ün RtÚvkm©at;kñ úgzan³EdlminKYr nigRBHTkç ieNyübuKÁlKb,I

vinascakTan} .

GgáúrBaNiC luHtiHedolTanbtIesdæIy:agenHehIy \LÚvenH

kalnwgsEmþgviFIEdlxøÜnKb,Ibdibtþi eTIbeBal 2 Kafafa

k¾eyIgeTAGMBITIenHdl;eTATVarknKrehIy nwg

Rbjab;[Tan EdlnaMesckþIsuxmk[dl;eyIgeday

Bit eyIgnwg[)ay Twk sMBt; esnasn³ GNþÚg


Twk RsHTwk nigs<anTaMgLaykñúgTIedIrlM)ak[Ca

Tan .

BaküenaHmanGtßdUceBalehIyenaHÉg edIm,InwgsEmþgvtþ-

bdibtþirbs;GgáúrBaNiC RBHsgÁItikacarüTaMgLay eTIb)anrcnaKafa

4 KafaTukfa

k¾GgáúrBaNiCenaH RtLb;caksmuRTxSac;enaH

eTAdl;TVarknKrehIy )anepþ Im[TanEdlnaMesckþI

suxmk[xøÜn )an[)ay Twk sMBt; esnasn³

GNþÚgTwk RsHTwk edaycitþRCHføa Cagkat;sk;

GñkcMGinGahar GñkmKF³ naMKñaeXasnakñúgpÞHrbs;

rbs;GgáúrBaNiCenaH TaMgl¶ac TaMgRBwk RKb;evla

fa nrNaXøan cUrmksuItameBjcitþ nrNaeRsk

cUrmkpwktameBjcitþ nrNanwgesøókdNþb;sMBt;

cUresøókdNþb;sMBt; Bahn³rbs;nrNaTn;exSay

cUrTwmBahn³GMBIBYkBahn³enH nrNaRtÚvkarmøb; cUr


ykmøb;eTA nrNaRtÚvkareRKÓgRkGUb cUrykeRKÓg

RkGUbeTA nrNaRtÚvkarpáa cUrykpáaeTA nrNaRtÚv

karRTnab;eCIg cUrykRTnab;eCIgeTA .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa teta )andl; caksmuRTxSac; .

bTfa nivtþ it Va ERbfa RtLb;eTAehIy . bTfa Gnub,tVan TVarkM

¬dl;TVarknKr¦ )andl; dl;TVarvtInKr . bTfa TanM bdæbyi¬1¦

Ggáúera ¬Ggáúr³)anepþIm[Tan¦ esckþIfa GgáúrBaNiCenaH Edlman

XøaMgTaMgGs; EdleTvbuRt[bribUN’ehIy epþImtaMgmhaTand¾FMdl;

karedIrpø ÚvRKb;y:ag . bTfa yM tumsS suxavhM¬2¦ ¬EdlnwgnaM

esckþIsuxmk[¦ esckþIfa eRBaH[ekItesckþIsuxdl;xø ÜnTaMgkñúg

kal\LÚvenH nigkñ úgGnaKt .

bTfa eka qaeta ¬nrNaXøan¦ GFib,ayfa nrNaXøan

cUrmksuItamesckþIeBjcitþ . sUm,Ikñ úgbTd¾essk¾n½yenHdUcKña .

bTfa tsieta ERbfa GñkeRsk . bTfa briThisSti ¬nwgesøók

bidk 1¦ TanM bdæyi Ggá úera/ 2¦ ynþ M GsS suxavhM .


dNþb;¦ esckþIfa nwgesøókdNþb; . bTfa snþani ¬Tn;exSay¦

)andl; dl;nUvPaBGs;kmøaMg . bTfa eyaKÁan i ¬Bahn³¦ )an

dl; Bahn³ KW rf . bTfa \eta eyaeCnþú vahnM ¬cUrTwmBahn³

GMBIBYkBahn³enH¦ esckþIfa cUrkan;yktamesckþIeBjcitþGMBIBYk

Bahn³EdleRtómTukenH ehIycUrTwmBahn³ .

bTfa eka qtþicäti ¬nrNaRtÚvkarmøb;¦ esckþIfa nrNaRtÚv

karqRtmanqRtlMEpgCaedIm . GFib,ayfa {GñkenaHcUrkan;ykeTA

cuH} . sUm,Ikñ úgbTd¾essk¾mann½yenHdUcKña . bTfa Kn§M ¬eRKÓg

RkGUb¦ )andl; eRKÓgRkGUb maneRKÓgRkGUbEdlRbkbedayCati

4 CaedIm . bTfa malM ¬páaeQI¦ )andl; páaeQIEdlRkg nig

min)anRkg . bTfa ])ahnM ¬Es,keCIg¦ )andl; Es,keCIg man

Es,keCIgbiTEkgCaedIm . sBÞfa su kñ úgBaküfa \tisSú enHCa

ni)at . esckþIfa {edayBakümanCaGaTifa nrNaXøan nrNaeRsk

edayRbkardUecñH KW y:agenH} . bTfa kb,ka )andl; Cagekar

kat; . bTfa sUTa )andl; GñkdaM)ay . bTfa maKFa )andl;


GñkmKF³ ¬GñkRkgpáa¦ . manvacaRbkbesckþIfa bTfa sTa ¬sBV

kal¦ esckþIfa ERskRbkas KW eXasnakñ úgpÞHrbs;GgáúrBaNiC

enaH TaMgRBwkTaMgl¶acsBVevla KW ral;² éf¶ .

kalGgáúrBaNiCbMeBjmhaTany:agenH eBlevlak¾knøgeTA

eragTank¾s¶at;cakBYkCnGñkRtÚvkar eRBaHCaGñksáb;sál;ehIy .

GgáúrBaNiC eXIjdUecñaHeTIbminsb,aycitþ eRBaHCaGñkmanGFüaRs½y

FMTUlaykñúgkar[Tan eTIbehAmaNBeQµaHfa sin§k³¬1¦ GñkxVl;

xVaykñúgTanrbs;xø Ünmk ehIyeBal 2 Kafafa

mhaCndwgeyIgfa Ggáúr³edkCasux Ensin§k-

maNB EteyIgedkCaTukç eRBaHmineXIjBYkyack

mhaCndwgeyIgfa Ggáúr³edkCasux Ensin§kmaNB

EteyIgedkCaTukç kñ úgkalBYkvNiBVk³mantic .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa suxM subti Ggáúera \ti Canati mM

Cena ¬mhaCnrEmgdwgeyIgfa Ggáúr³edkCasux¦ esckþIfa mhaCn

1¦ bidk = sin§úk³ .


EtgsresIreyIgy:agenHfa {RBH)aTGgáúr³bribUN’edayys nigePaK³

CaTanbtI rEmgpÞMCasux KW cUldl;karni®TÞaedayesckþIsux etIn

GMBIpÞM k¾CasuxedayePaKsm,tþi nigTansm,tþirbs;RBHGgÁ . bTfa

TukçM su)ami sin§k ¬Ensin§kmaNB eyIgedkCaTukç¦ esckþIfa En

sin§ úkmaNB k¾eyIgrEmgedkCaTukçEtmü:ag . edIm,Inwgecosvag

BaküsYrfa {eRBaHehtuGV I?} eqø Iyfa {eRBaHeyIgmin)aneXIjBYk

yack} . GFib,ayfa eRBaHehtuEteyIgmineXIjBYkyackd¾eRcIn

nwgmkTTYleTyüFm’d¾smKYrdl;GFüaRs½yrbs;eyIg} . manvaca

RbkbesckþIfa bTfa Gb,ek su vNiBVek ¬kñúgkalvNiBVk³man

tic¦ esckþIfa eyIgedkCaTukç kñ úgkalvNiBVkCnmantic KW 2-3

nak; . sBÞfa su Cani)at . GFib,ayfa {kalvNiBVkCnman

tic} .

sin§kmaNB)ansþab;dUecñaHehIy manbMNgnwgeFVIkarbeg¥an

eTAkñ úgTand¾éRkElgrbs;GgáúrBaNiC[R)akd eTIbeBalKafafa

RbsinebIesþcská³ GñkCaFMCageTvtakñúgCan;


tavtþ igS nigCaFMCagmnusSelakTaMgBYg Kb,I[Br

elak elakkalnwgeRCIserIs Kb,IeRCIserIsyk

BrdUcemþc .

BaküEdlCaKafaenaH manGFib,aydUecñH {esþcská³ Edl

CaFMCageTvtaCan;tavtþigS nigCaFMCagmnusSelak RbsinebInwgKb,I

[Brelakfa {Ggáúr³ GñkcUrsUmBrmYyNa EdlGñktaMgcitþTuk elak

kalnwgsUmBr KW kalR)afña Kb,IsUmBrdUcemþc} .

lMdab;enaH GgáúrBaNiC kalnwgRbkasGFüaRs½yrbs;xøÜn

tamesckþIBit eTIb)aneBalKafa 2 Kafafa

RbsinebIesþcská³ GñkCaFMCageTvtakñúgCan;

tavtþ igS Kb,I[nUvBrdl;eyIgesat eyIgnwgKb,I

sUmBrfa kaleyIgeRkakeLIgGMBIRBwk kñúgevlaRBH

GaTitürH sUmPkSaharEdlCaTiBV nigBYkyackGñk

mansIl Kb,IR)akd kaleyIg[ehIy eTyüFm’

minKb,IGs;eTA luHeyIg[TanenaHehIy kuMKb,IekþA


RkhaykñúgxageRkay kalkMBug[ Kb,IjúaMgcitþ

[RCHføa ´Kb,IeRCIserIsykBry:agenH nwgesþc

ská³ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa kaludæitsS em seta ¬kaleyIg

eRkakeLIgGMBIRBwk¦ esckþIfa kal´eRkakeLIgkñúgevlaRBwk CaGñk

sm,ÚredayesckþIBüayam KW esckþIsgVat edayGMNacsamIci-

kmµ mankar»nlMeTan nigkarRbNib½tCaedIm cMeBaHRBHTkçieNyü-

buKÁlTaMgLayEdlmanesckþIRtÚvkar . bTfa sur iyuKÁmnM bti

ERbfa kñ úgevlaRBHGaTitürHeLIg . bTfa TiBVa Pkça )atuPevyüúM

¬PkSaharEdlCaTiBVKb,IR)akd¦ esckþIfa GaharEdlrab;cUlkñúg

eTvelak Kb,IekIteLIg . bTfa sIlvenþa c yacka ¬nigBYk

yackGñkmansIl¦ esckþIfa nigBYkyackKb,ICaGñkmansIl man

klüaNFm’ .

bTfa TTeta em n xIeyf ¬kaleyIg[ehIy eTyüFm’

ku MKb,IGs;eTA¦ esckþIfa k¾kaleyIg[Tandl;GñkEdlmkehIy²


eTyüFm’rEmgminGs;eTA KW mindl;karGs;eTA . bTfa TtVa nanu-

betyühM ¬kaleyIg[TanenaHehIy minKb,IekþARkhaykñúgxag

eRkay¦ esckþIfa k¾eRBaHehtuenaH eyIg[TanenaHehIy eXIjCn

xøHminmanesckþIRCHføa minKb,IekþARkhaykñúgkalCaxageRkay .

bTfa TTM citþ M bsaeTyüM ¬kalkMBug[ Kb,Ijúa Mgcitþ[RCHføa¦

esckþIfa kaleyIg[ eyIgk¾Kb,IeFVIcitþ[RCHføa KW eyIgCaGñkman

citþRCHføaehIyenaHÉg Kb,I[Tan . bTfa ÉtM skáM vrM ver

¬Kb,IeRCIsykBry:agenHnwgesþcská³¦ esckþIfa eyIgKb,IsUmBr

nwgesþcská³CaFMCageTvta 5 y:agenH KW kardl;RBmedaykarmin

maneraK 1 kardl;RBmedayeTyüFm’ 1 kardl;RBmedayRBHTkçi-

eNyübuKÁl 1 kardl;RBmedayeTyüFm’rkRbmaNmin)an 1 nig

kardl;RBmedayTayk 1 . kñúgBr 5 RbkarenH edayBaküfa

kaleyIgeRkakeLIgGMBIRBwk enH eQµaHfa kardl;RBmedaykarmin

maneraK . edayBaküfa PkSaharEdlCaTiBVKb,IR)akd enH eQµaH

1¦ bidk = TtVa nanuteb,yüahM .


fa kardl;RBmedayeTyüFm’ . edayBaküfa TaMgyackKb,ICa

GñkmansIl enH eQµaHfa kardl;RBmedayTkçieNyübuKÁl .

edayBaküfa kaleyIg[ eTyüFm’minKb,IGs;eTA enH eQµaHfa

kardl;RBmedayeTyüFm’ rkRbmaNmin)an . edayBaküfa luH

eyIg[TanehIy minKb,IekþARkhaykñúgxageRkay kalkMBug[Kb,I

júaMgcitþ[RCHføa enH eQµaHfa kardl;RBmedayTayk . rYmesckþI

fa GgáúrBaNiCR)afñaRbeyaCn_ 5 Rbkar CaBrenaHÉg . RbeyaCn_

5 RbkarenaHÉg Kb,IRCabfa {manRKan;EtedIm,IPaBCaFMénbuNüEdl

seRmcedayTanenaHÉg} .

kalGgáúrBaNiC RbkasGFüaRs½yrbs;xøÜny:agenHehIy

manbursmñak; eQµaHfa esank³ CaGñksÞat;CMnajkñúgnitisa®sþ

GgÁúyenAkñ úgTIenaH manbMNgnwgkat;pþac;TanenaHGMBITanEdleRcIn

hYsRbmaN eTIb)aneBalKafa 2 Kafafa

buKÁlminKb,I[RTBü CaeRKÓgKab;citþTaMgGs;

dl;buKÁldéT KYr[Tan nigKYrrkSaRTBüTuk eRBaHfa


RTBüb: ueNÑaH RbesIrCagTan RtkUlTaMgLayrEmg

taMgenAmin)an eRBaHkar[TaneRcInhYsRbmaN Gñk

R)aCJTaMgLayrEmgminsresIrkarmin[Tan nigkar

[TaneRcIneBk eRBaHehtuenaHÉg RTBübu :eNÑaH

RbesIrCagTan buKÁlCaGñkR)aCJ sm,ÚredayFm’

KYrRbRBwtþedaysmlµm .

GacarüBYkxøHeBalfa {sin§kmaNBmanbMNgnwgsakl,g

y:agenHeTot eTIbeBalBakümanCaGaTifa minKb,I[RTBüCaeRKÓg

rIkraycitþTaMgGs;} . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa sBVvitþani ¬RTBü

CaeRKÓgrIkraycitþTaMgGs;¦ )andl; ]bkrN_énRTBüCaeRKÓgrIk-

raycitþTaMgGs; manTaMgsviBaØaNkRTBü nigGviBaØaNkRTBü .

GFib,ayfa {RTBüTaMgLay} . bTfa ber pøas;Ca brmð i dl;

buKÁldéT . GFib,ayfa brsS dl;CndéT . bTfa n bevecä

ERbfa minKb,I[ . GFib,ayfa {minKYreFVIkarbric©aKRTBüTaMgGs;

min[sl;GVITuk edayKitfa eyIg)anRBHTkçieNyübuKÁl . bTfa


TeTyü TanBa© ¬KYr[Tan¦ esckþIfa minKYreFV Ikar[TanCaFmµta

TaMgGs; TaMgBYg . KWedayBit KYrdwgesckþIceRmIn nigesckþIvinas

rbs;xøÜn ehIy[Tand¾smKYrdl;sm,tþi . bTfa FnBa© rekç ¬KYr

rkSaRTBüTuk¦ esckþIfa Kb,IrkSaRTBüTukedayGMNackar)anRTBü

EdlminTan;)an rkSaRTBüEdl)anehIyTuk nigXuMRKgRTBüEdlrkSa

Tuk . mü:ageTot eRBaHTanenaH EdlmanRTBüenaHÉgCamUlehtu

buKÁlKb,IrkSaRTBütamviFIEdleBalTukfa

Kb,IT ukbriePaK 1 cMENk Kb,IRbkbkic©

kargar 2 cMENk nigKb,IrkSaRTBücMENkTI 4 Tuk

kñ úgkalGnþraynwgman .

BitehIy GñkKittamEbbEpneBalfa {Kb,Ibdibtþipø ÚvTaMg 3

edayeFV IRKb;² Epñk[hµt;ct;} . bTfa tsµa hi ¬eRBaHehtuenaH¦

esckþIfa k¾kalnwgrkSaRTBü nigbMeBjTan eQµaHfa RbRBwtþeTAtam

Tan EdlmanRTBüCamUlehtu edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;elakTaMg 2 .

eRBaHdUecñaH RTBübu :eNÑaHeTIbRbesIr KW l¥CagTan eRBaHehtuenaH


¬elak¦ eTIbGFib,ayfa {minKYreFV ITan[hYsRbmaN} . eday

ehtuenaH elakeTIbeBalfa {RtkUlTaMgLay rEmgtaMgenAmin)an

eRBaH[TanhYsRbmaN} . GFib,ayfa {eRBaHmindwgRbmaNkñúg

RTBü GaRs½yRTBüenaH[Tan RtkUleTIbtaMgenAmin)an KW RbRBwtþ

eTAmin)an )andl; dac;sUnüeTA eRBaHbMNgkñúgkar[hYsRbmaN .

\LÚvenH esankburs kalnwgtaMgRbeyaCn_edaycMeBaHEdl

viBaØ ÚCnsresIr eTIbeBalKafafa bNÐitminsresIrkarmin[Tan

nigkar[TanhYsRbmaNCaedIm . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa GTa-

nmtiTanBa© ¬karmin[Tan nigkar[TanhYsRbmaN¦ esckþIfa

bNÐitTaMgLay KW GñkR)aCJ )andl; GñkmanbBaØa rEmgminsresIr

rEmgminelIktemá IgnUvkarmin[PikçasUm,ImYyEvkkþI GgármYyTUkédkþI

edayRbkarTaMgBYg nigkar[hYsRbmaN eBalKW karbric©aKhYs

RbmaNeLIy . BitehIy buKÁlenaH rEmgCaGñkq¶aycakRbeyaCn_

kñúgsm,rayikPB eRBaHmin[TanedayRbkarTaMgBYg . RbéBNIkñúg

bc©úb,nñ rEmgminRbRBwtþeTA eRBaHkar[TanhYsRbmaN . bTfa


semn vetþyü ¬KYrRbRBwtþedaysmlµm¦ esckþIfa buKÁlEdlCa

GñkR)aCJ sm,ÚredayFm’ KYrRbRBwtþedayjaN EdlCapøÚvkNþal

d¾maMTaM smKYrdl;pø Úvelak RbRBwtþeTAesµI . edayBaküfa s

FIrFemµa ¬buKÁlCaGñkR)aCJsm,ÚredayFm’¦ enH elaksEmþgfa {kar

RbRBwtþeTAénkar[ nigkarmin[ tamEdleBalehIy y:agNa kar

RbRBwtþeTAenaHCaFm’ KW CapøÚvEdlGñkR)aCJEdlsm,ÚredaybBaØa Ca

Gñkqøatkñ úgnitin½y RbRBwtþeTAehIy} .

GgáúrBaNiC )ansþab;dUecñaHehIy kalnwgpøas;bþÚrbMNgrbs;

esank³bursenaH eTIbRbkasviFIEdlxøÜnnwgKb,Ibdibtþi 4 Kafafa

mnusSeyIgTaMgLay l¥hñ+ eyIgKb,I[nUv

Tan eRBaHfa sb,úrs Gñks¶b;rm¶ab; Kb,IKb;rkeyIg

eyIgKb,Ijúa Mg bMNgrbs;vNiBVk³TaMgBYg [eBj

GgÁas[Eq¥tsáb;sál; eRbóbdUcCaePøógjúaMgTITMnab

TaMgLay[eBj dUecñaH sm,úrmux rbs;buKÁlNa rEmgpUrpg; eRBaHeXIjBYkyack buKÁlenaH luH


[TanehIy mancitþrIkray RbkarenaHCaesckþIsux

rbs;buKÁlGñkenARKb;RKgpÞH sm,úrmuxrbs;buKÁl

Na rEmgpUrpg; eRBaHeXIjBYkyack buKÁlenaH

luH[TanehIy rEmgrIkray enHCakardl;RBmén

yBaØ munnwg[k¾mancitþrIkray enHCakardl;RBmén

yBaØ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Geha vt ERbfa l¥hñ+ . bTfa

er ¬mnusSeyIgTaMgLay¦ CaGalbn³ ¬BaküERskehA¦ . bTfa

Ghemv TC¢¿ pøas;Ca GhM TC¢emv ¬ERbfa eyIgKb,I[enaHÉg¦ .

BitehIy kñúgRbkarenH manesckþIsegçbdUcteTAenHfa {EnmaNB

RbsinebI vaT³rbs;GñkQøaskñúgnitisa®sþenH cUrmandl;Gñkfa RTBü

b:ueNÑaHRbesIrCagTan k¾Bit sUm,IdUecñaH eyIgk¾Kb,I[edayBit .

bTfa senþa c mM sb,úrisa PeCyüúM¬1¦ ¬sb,úrsGñks¶b;rm¶ab; Kb,I

Kb;rkeyIg¦ esckþIfa sb,úrs KW mnusSl¥TaMgLay Gñks¶b; KW

1¦ bidk = senþa hi mM sb,úr isa PeCyüMú .


Gñkmankaysmacar vcIsmacar nigmenasmacars¶b; Kb,IKb;rk

KW Kb,IcUldl;eyIg eRBaHTanenaH . bTfa emeXav nin ñani bri-

bUryenþa ¬júaMgesckþIbMNgrbs;vNiBVk³TaMgBYg[eBj eRbóbdUc

ePøógEdljúaMgTITMnabTaMgLay[eBj dUecñaH¦ esckþIfa KYrGs©arü

Bit eyIgkaljúaMgbMNgrbs;vNiBVk³TaMgBYg[eBj eQµaHfa Kb,I

júaMgvNiBVkTaMgenaH[sáb;sál; dUcmhaemXkaljúaMgePøóg[Føak;

eQµaHfa júaMgTITMnab KW TITab[eBj dUecñaH .

bTfa ysS yacnek TisVa ¬rbs;buKÁlNa>>> eRBaHeXIj

BYkyack¦ esckþIfa sm,úrmuxrbs;buKÁlNa KW GñkRKb;RKgpÞH

GñkekItsT§aeLIgmundMbUgfa buBaØextþ R)akddl;eyIghñ+ dUecñH rEmg

Rss;føa eRBaHeXIjBYkyack buKÁlenaH luH[Tandl;yackTaMg

enaHtamsm,tþiehIy rEmgrIkraycitþ KW rEmgmancitþEdlbIti nig

esamnsSBal;RtÚvehIy . bTfa tM ¬RbkarenaH¦ esckþIfa kar

eXIjyackkñúgkalNa nigeXIjyackTaMgenaHehIy citþrEmgRCHføa

1¦ bidk = emeXav nin ñani hi bUryenþa .


nigluH[TantamsmKYrehIy rEmgrIkraycitþ .

bTfa Ésa yBaØsS sm,Ta ¬enHCakardl;RBményBaØ¦

esckþIfa enaHCaesckþIdl;RBm KW esckþIbribUN’ )andl; esckþI

seRmcényBaØ .

bTfa bueBVv Tana sumena ¬munnwg[k¾mancitþrIkray¦ esckþI

fa buKÁlKb,ICaGñkmancitþl¥ KW ekItesamnsS taMgGMBIkarcat;-

Ecg]bkrN_Tan munmuBa©nectnafa {eyIgnwgkb;kMNb;RTBüEdl

CaehtuCab;tamxøÜneTA)an EdlCaehtuekItsm,tþiTaMgBYg . bTfa

TTM citþ M bsaTey ¬kalkMBug[k¾mancitþRCHføa¦ esckþIfa kal

[ KW kaljúaMgeTyüFm’[taMgenAkñ úgédrbs;RBHTkç ieNyübuKÁl

Kb,IjúaMgcitþrbs;xøÜn[RCHføafa {eyIgnwgkan;ykvtßú EdlCasar³

GMBIRTBüEdlrksar³min)an . bTfa TtVa Gtþmena ehati ¬luH

[ehIy k¾mancitþr Ikray¦ esckþIfa luHbric©aKeTyüFm’dl;RBH-

TkçieNyübuKÁlrYcehIy rEmgCaGñkmancitþl¥ KW mancitþrIkray

)andl; rEmgekItbIti nigesamnsSeLIgfa {EdleQµaHfa TanEdl


bNÐitbBaØtþehIy eyIgk¾)anRbRBwtþitamehIy »¡ l¥Bithñ+ . bT

fa Ésa yBaØsS sm,Ta ¬enHCakardl;RBményBaØ¦ esckþIfa

PaBbribUN’énectnaTaMg 3 EdlesamnsSBal;RtÚvehIy Edl

RbRBwtþeTAtamkareCOkmµ nigplénkmµenH KW buBVectna muBa©nectna

nigGbrectnaenHNa enaHCasm,TaényBaØ KW kardl;RBménTan .

GFib,ayfa {minEmnRbRBwtþeTAedayRbkardéTGMBIsm,TaenH} .

GgáúrBaNiC luHRbkasnUvviFIbdibtþ irbs;xøÜny:agenHehIy

CaGñkmanGFüaRs½ykñúgTanceRmInéRkElgeLIg bMeBjmhaTanral;²

éf¶ [RbRBwtþeTAedayRbmaNéRkElg . eRBaHehtuenaH kñ úgkal

enaH kaleFVIrC¢sm,tþiTaMgBYg[dUcCaTITYlehIy ¬KMnrFM¦ [mha-

TanRbRBwtþeTA mnusSTaMgLay)an]bkrN_énTanTaMgBYgehIy lH

bg;kargarrbs;xø Ün² Rtac;eTAtamesckþIsux . eRBaHdUecñaH XøaMg

énRBHraCaTaMgLayeTIb)andl;nUvkarGs;eTA . lMdab;enaH RBHraCa

TaMgLayeTIb)anbBa¢ÚnTUteTAR)ab;GgáúrBaNiCfa {elakd¾ceRmIn eRBaH

GaRs½yTan esckþIceRmInrbs;BYkeyIgeTIb)anvinaseTA XøaMgTaMg


Lay eTIbdl;nUvesckþIGs;eTA BYkeyIgKYrdwgehtud¾smKYrkñúgRbkar

enHÉg .

GgáúrBaNiC)ansþab;dUecñaHehIy eTIbeTAkan;TkçiNabfCnbT

[CYyKñaksageragTanCaeRcIn manxñatFM kñúgTIminq¶ayBImhasmuRT

kñúgTIenArbs;BYkTmiL kal[mhaTanRbRBwtþeTA sßitenArhUtGs;

Gayu xagmuxGMBIkayEbkFøay k¾eTAekItkñúgPBCan;tavtþigS . RBH

sgÁItikacarüTaMgLay kalsEmþgnUvsm,tþiénTan nigkarcUldl;

sßansYK’rbs;GgáúrBaNiCenaH eTIbeBalKafaTaMgLayfa

kñúgpÞHrbs;GgáúrBaNiCGñkR)afñabuNü eK[

ePaCndl;BBYkCnmYyéf¶ 6 hµWnreTHCanic© GñkdaM

)ay 3>000 nak; Rbdab;edaymukþa nigkuNÐlEdl

viciRtedayEkvmNI CaGñkxVl;xVaykñúgkar[Tan naM

KñacUleTAGaRs½yGgáúrBaNiCciBa© wmCIvit . maNB

60>000 nak; Rbdab;edaymukþa nigkuNÐlEdlviciRt

edayEkvmNI CYyKñaBuH]ssRmab;cMGinGahar kñúg


mhaTanrbs;GgáúrBaNiCenaH .

BYknarI 16>000 nak; Rbdab;edayGlgáar

TaMgBYg CYyKñacat;EcgeRKÓgeTssRmab;pSMGahar

kñ úgmhaTanrbs;GgáúrBaNiCenaH . narIdéTeTot

16>000 nak; Rbdab;edayeRKÓgGlgáarTaMgBYg kan;

EvkcUleTAQrenArg;caMbeRmI kñúgmhaTanrbs;Ggáúr-

BaNiCenaH . GgáúrBaNiCenaH )an[rbs;CaeRcIn

dl;Cnd¾eRcIn edayRbkarepSg² )aneFVIesckþIekat

ERkg [TanedayRbkarepSg² edayesckþIeKarB

edayédrbs;xøÜnÉgerOy² Gs;kalyUr GgáúrBaNiC

júaMgmhaTan[RbRBwtþeTAehIy Gs;Ex Gs;bkç Gs;

rdUv nigqña MCaeRcIn Gs;kalyUr .

GgáúrBaNiC)an[Tan nigeFVIkarbUCaehIyy:ag

enH Gs;kalyUr lHbg;ragkaymnusSehIy )an

eTAekItkñúgPBtavtþ igS .


manvacaRbkbesckþIfa bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa sdæi vah-

shsSani ¬60>000 reTH¦ esckþIfa kñ úgpÞHrbs;GgáúrBaNiC Ca

GñkR)afñabuNü KW GñkmanGFüaRs½ykñúgTan )andl; Gñkmancitþ

beg¥aneTAkñúgTan ePaCnEdleK[dl;BBYkCn KW BBYkstV mYyéf¶

60>000 reTH KW 60>000 reTHEdlpÞúkeRKÓgRkGUb RsÚvsalI

CaedIm Canic© .

bTfa tishsSani sUTa hi ¬GñkdaM)ay 3>000 nak;¦

esckþIfa GñkdaM)ay KW GñkcMGin)ayRbmaN 3>000 nak; . k¾Gñk

daM)ayTaMgenaH elaksMedAykfa GñkCaRbFan . kñúgbNþaGñkdaM

)ayTaMgenaH GñkeFVItamBakürbs;GñkdaM)aymñak;² Kb,IRCabfa man

cMnYneRcIn . )alIfa tishsSani sUTanM dUecñHk¾man . bTfa

GamutþmNikuNÐla ¬Rbdab;edaymukþa nigkuNÐlviciRtedayEkvmNI¦

)andl; GñkRTRTg;nUvkuNÐlEdlviciRtedayEkvmNIepSg² . k¾

Baküfa Rbdab;edaymukþa nigkuNÐlEkvmNI enH RtwmEt]TahrN_ .

1¦ bidk = tishsSani sUTani .


GñkdaM)ayTaMgenaH maneRKÓgGaPrN³ dUcCakgéd nigExSRkvat;cegáH

EdleFVIGMBImukþaCaedIm . bTfa GgáúrM ]bCIvnþi ¬GaRs½yGgáúrBaNiC

ciBa© wmCIv it¦ esckþIfa cUleTAGaRs½yGgáúrBaNiCciBa© wmCIvit .

GFib,ayfa {GñkmanCIvitCab;eTAedayGgáúrBaNiCenaH} . bTfa

Taen yBaØsS )avda ¬CaGñkxVl;xVaykñúgkar[Tan¦ esckþIfa Ca

GñkxVl;xVay KW dl;nUvesckþIxVl;xVaykñúgkarRbkbTanényBaØ Edl

eKEtgdwgfa karbUCaFM . bTfa kdæ¿ paelnþi maNva ¬BYkmaNB

CYyKñaBuH]s¦ esckþIfa BYkmnusSkMelaH² GñkRbdab;tak;EtgehIy

CYyKñaBuH KW CYyKñakat;]s edIm,Icm¥inGaharBiess manrbs;TMBa

nigrbs;briePaKCaedIm manRbkarepSg² .

bTfa viFa ¬eRKÓgeTs¦ )andl; eRKÓgekþA sRmab;pSMCamYy

Gahar EdlnwgKb,Icat;Ecg . bTfa bieNÐnþi ¬buk¦ )andl; rEmg

Rbkbedaykarbuk .

bTfa TBViKÁaha ERbfa Gñkkan;Evk . bTfa ]bdæita ¬Qr

rg;caMbeRmI¦ esckþIfa cUleTAQrrg;caMbeRmIkñ úgTIbeRmI .


bTfa BhuM ERbfa d¾eRcIn KW RKb;RKan; . bTfa BhUnM

ERbfa eRcInsn§wksn§ab; . bTfa )aTasi )andl; )an[eday

RbkarTaMgLay . bTfa cirM ERbfa Gs;kalyUr . BitNas;

eKekItkñúgBYkmnusSGayu 20>000 qñaM . nigkaleK[Tand¾eRcIn

dl;Cnd¾eRcIn Gs;kalyUr edIm,InwgsEmþgRbkarEdleK[Tan eTIb

eBalfa edayesckþIeKarB dUecñHCaedIm . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa

skác© M ¬edayesckþIeKarB¦ KW manesckþIeGIeBI )andl; min)an

e)aHbg;ecal KW minemIlgay . bTfa shtßa ERbfa edayéd

rbs;xøÜn . minRtÚveKbgçitbgçM . bTfa citþIktVa¬1¦ ¬eFVIesckþIekat

ERkg¦ esckþIfa eFVI KW bUCaedaycitþ EdlRbkbedayesckþIeKarB

nigesckþIrab;Gan . bTfa bunb,únM ¬erOy²¦ )andl; edayeRcIn

KW minEmnEtmYydg . GFib,ayfa {min)aneFVI 2-3 var³ )an[

eRcInvar³ .

\LÚvenH edIm,InwgRbkaskareFVIerOy² enaHÉg RBHsgÁItikacarü

1¦ bidk = vitþ w ktVa .


TaMgLay eTIbeBalKafafa BhU maes c dUecñHCaedIm . bNþa

bTTaMgenaH bTfa BhU maes ¬Gs;Exd¾eRcIn¦ )andl; Gs;eRcIn

Ex manExcitþ³ ¬Ex 5¦ CaedIm . bTfa bekç ¬Gs;bkç¦ )andl;

Gs;bkçd¾eRcIn mankNðbkç nigsukábkç . bTfa ]tusMvcärani c

¬Gs;rdUv nigqña Md ¾eRcIn¦ esckþIfa Gs;rdUv nigqñaMd¾eRcIn dUcCa

vsSnþrdUv nigKimðnþrdUvCaedIm . bTfa ]tusMvcärani enH CaTutiya-

viPtþi eRbIkñúgGtßGc©nþsMeyaKkñúgTITaMgBYg . bTfa TIXmnþrM ERbfa

Gs;ry³kalyUr . kñúgRbkarenH edIm,InwgeBaldl;TanEdl)an

RbRBwtþeTAGs;kald¾yUrfa {elak)an[Gs;kald¾yUrehIy} eTIb

sEmþgfa TanenaHRbRBwtþeTAmindac;ry³enaHÉg Kb,IRCabfa elak

eBalfa Gs;Exd¾eRcIn dUecñHCaedIm .

bTfa ÉvM ¬y:agenH¦ )andl; edayRbkardUceBalehIy .

bTfa TtVa yCitVa c ¬[Tan nigbUCa¦ edayGtßk¾CabTdUcKñaenaH

Ég . GFib,ayfa )an[edayGMNackarbric©aKeTyüFm’xøH dl;

RBHTkçieNyübuKÁlBYkxøH nigkal[tamkmøaMgdl;CnTaMgBYg Gñk


manesckþIRtÚvkar edayn½ydUceBalehIyeTotfa {)an[vtßúd¾eRcIn

dl;Cnd¾eRcIn} bUCaedayGMNackarbUCay:agFM . bTfa esa hitVa

manusM eThM tavtþwsUbeKa Ghu ¬Ggáúr³lHragkayCamnusSehIy

)aneTAekItkñúgtavtþigS¦ esckþIfa kñúgevlaGs;Gayu GgáúrBaNiCenaH

lHGtþPaBCamnusS k¾)aneTAekItCaBYkeTvtakñúgCan;tavtþ igS eday

bdisn§i .

kalGgáúreTvbuRtenaH ekItkñ úgPBCan;tavtþ igS esaynUvTiBV

sm,tþiy:agenH kñúgkalénRBHmanRBHPaKrbs;eyIgTaMgLay \nÞk-

maNB kalRBHGnuruT§etßrRtac;biNÐ)at k¾mancitþRCHføa )anfVay

Pikça 1 Evk . sm½ytmk eKeFVIkal³ehIyeTAekItCaeTvbuRt Edl

manb£T§ ieRcIn manGanuPaBeRcIn kñ úgPBCan;tavtþigS edayGanuPaB

énbuNüEdlCaextþ rugerOgRKbsgát;Ggá úreTvbuRt edayzan³ 10

manrUbCaedIm EdlCaTiBV . eRBaHehtuenaH elakeTIbeBalfa

\nÞkmaNB )anfVayPikçamYyEvk dl;RBH

GnuruT §etßr³ lHbg;ragkaymnusSehIy )aneTAekIt


kñúgPBtavtþigSdUcKña Et\nÞkeTvbuRtrugerOgéRkElg

CagGgáúreTvbuRt edayzan³ 10 y:ag KW rUb

sMeLg køin rs epadæBV³EdlKYrrIkrayéncitþ Gayu

ys vNÑ³ sux³ nigPaBCaFM .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa rUeb ¬rUb¦ esckþIfa rUbCaehtu KW

rUbsm,tþirbs;xøÜnCanimitþ . sUm,IkñúgBaküfa sMeLg CaedIm k¾man

n½ydUcKña . bTfa Gayuna ¬edayGayu¦ )andl; edayCIvit .

k¾CIvitrbs;eTvtaTaMgLay elakeBalfa mankMNt;CaRbmaNmin

Emnb¤ . elakeBalBitEmn . EtCIvitenaH elakeBalTukeday

cMENkeRcIn . BitdUecñaH eTvtaBYkxøHrEmgmankarsøab;kñ úgrvag

kalénGayu eRBaHvibtþiénesckþIBüayamCaedIm . cMENk\nÞkeTv-

buRt júaMg 3 ekadi 6 lanqñaM[bribUr . eRBaHehtuenaH elak

eTIbeBalfa {rEmgrugerOgedayGayu} . bTfa yssa ¬ys¦

)andl; sm,ÚredaybrivarBYkFM . bTfa veNÑn ¬vNÑ³¦ esckþIfa

edayPaBbribUN’énRTg;RTay . Etkarsm,ÚredayvNÑFatu elak

ðð


eBalTukedayBaküfa rUeb enaHÉg . bTfa GaFibec©n ¬eday

PaBCaFM¦ )andl; edayPaBCa\sSr³ .

kalGgáúreTvbuRt nig\nÞkeTvbuRt ekItkñúgCan;tavtþigS esay

TiBVsm,tþi RBHmanRBHPaKCam©as;rbs;eyIgTaMgLay RTg;eFVIymk-

b,adihariy_ naKl;KNÐamRBwkS CitTVarénRkúgsavtßI kñ úgéf¶Gasa-

LbuNÑmI kñúgqña MTI 7 énkarRtas;dwg esþcyageTAkan;PBtavtþ igS

edayRTg;Qan 3 CMhanedaylMdab; RTg;RKbsgát;nUvPaBrugerOg

rbs;eTvRBhµbris½T EdlmkRbCMuKñaTaMgmuWnelakFatu Rtg;bNÐúkm<l-

silasn³ eRkamedIm)aricätþk³ edayrsµIRBHsrIr³rbs;RBHGgÁ dUc

RBHsurieyaT½y beBa©jrsµIRsTn;² elIPñMyuKn§rrugerOgehIy dUecñaH

RTg;Kg;Rbfab;edIm,IsEmþgRBHGPiFmµ TtRBHenRteXIj\nÞkeTvbuRt

GgÁúyenAkñ úgTIminq¶ay nigGgáúreTvbuRtGgÁúykñúgTIq¶ayRbmaN 12

eyaCn_ edIm,InwgRbkasnUvPaBbribUN’énRBHTkçieNyübuKÁl eTIb

Rtas;RBHKafafa

Ggáúr³ Gñk)an[mhaTanehIy Gs;kalyUr


GñkmkkñúgsMNak;tfaKt ehtuGVIeTIbGñkGgÁúyenA

kñ úgTIq¶ay .

GgáúreTvbuRt )ansþab;dUecñaH eTIbTUlfa {bBiRtRBHmanRBH

PaK mhaTanEdl´RBHGgÁbric©aKeTyüFm’d¾eRcIn bMeBjmkGs;kal

yUr k¾BuMmanpléRkElg eRBaHevorcakTkçieNyüsm,tþi dUcBUCEdl

sabeRBaHkñúgERsminl¥ dUecñaH . EtsUm,Ikar[PikçamYyEvkrbs;

\nÞkeTvbuRt manpleRcInéRkElgCag eRBaHbribUN’edayRBHTkçi-

eNyübuKÁl dUcBUCEdlsabeRBaHkñúgERsl¥ dUecñaH} RBHsgÁIti-

kacarüTaMgLay kalnwgsEmþgesckþIenaH eTIbeBalKafafa

kalRBHBuT§ RTg;]tþmCagburs Rbfab;enA

elIbNÐúkm<lsilasn³ xageRkamedIm)aricätþkRBwkS

kñ úgPBtavtþigS RKaenaH eTvtakñúgmu WnelakFatu naM

Kñamk GgúÁyRbCuMKal;RBHsm<úT § EdlRbfab;enAelI

kMBUlPñM eTvtaNa² minrugerOgCagRBHsmµasm<úT §

edayrsµI RBHsmµasm<úT §bu :eNÑaH rEmgrugerOgknøg


eTvtaTaMgBYg RKaenaH GgáúreTvbuRtGgÁúyenAq¶ay

12 eyaCn_ GMBIRBHsm<úT§Rbfab; cMENk\nÞkeTvbuRt

GgÁúykñúgTICiténRBHsm<úT § r ugerOgCagGgáúreTvbuRt

RBHsmµasm<úT § TtRBHenRteXIjGgáúreTvbuRt nig

\nÞkeTvbuRtehIy kalnwgRTg;RbkasTkçieNyü-

buKÁl eTIb)anRtas;RBHBuT§vcn³enHfa GgáúreTvbutþ

Gñk[mhaTanehIyGs;kald¾yUr Gñkmkkan;smñak;

rbs;tfaKt ehtuGV IGgÁ úykñúgTIq¶ay GgáúreTvbuRt

EdlRBHmanRBHPaK manRBHGgÁGb;rMehIy RTg;das;

etOnehIy )anRkabTUlfa nwgmanRbeyaCn_GV Idl;

´RBHGgÁedayTanenaH eRBaHsUnüTeTcakRBHTkçieN-

yübuKÁl \nÞkeTvbuRtenHÉg [TantictYc rugerOg

Cag´RBHGgÁ dUcRBHc®nÞrugerOgkñúgBYkpáay dUecñaH .

\nÞkeTvbuRtTUlfa

BUCsUm,IeRcInEdlbuKÁlsabeRBaHehIy kñúg


ERsTYl plrEmgminsm,Úr TaMgminjúaMgGñkERs[

rIkray y:agNa Tand¾eRcInEdlbuKÁlykeTAtmál;Tuk

kñúgbuKÁlRTúsþsIl k¾dUecñaHdUcKña rEmgminmanpl

eRcIn TaMgminjúaMgTayk[eRtkGr BUCsUm,ItictYc

EdlbuKÁlsabeRBaHehIykñúgERsl¥ kalePøógbg¥úr

RkEsTwkedayesµI plrEmgjúa MgGñkERs[rIkray

sUm,Iy:agNa ]bkar³sUm,ItictYcEdlbuKÁleFVIehIy

kñúgelakGñkmansIl GñkmanKuN KW esckþIl¥

CaGñknwgFwg buNürEmgmanpleRcIn dUecñaHÉg .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa tavtþ wes ¬enAtavti þgS¦ )andl;

kñ úgPBtavtþ igS . bTfa silayM bNÐúkm<el ¬Rtg;bNÐúkm<l-

silasn³¦ esckþIfa kñ úgRKaEdlRBHBuT§Cam©as; Ca]tþmbursKg;

Rbfab;enAnabNÐúkm<lsilasn³ .

bTfa Tssu elakFatUsu snñibtitVan eTvta ¬eTvtakñúg

mWunelakFatunaMKñamkRbCuM¦ esckþIfa kamavcreTvta nigRBhµeTvta


kñúgmWuncRkvaL EdleKdwgfa Catiextþ )annaMKñamkRbCMuedIm,IKal;

RBHmanRBHPaK nigedIm,Isþab;Fm’ . eRBaHehtuenaH elakeTIbeBal

fa naMKñamkKal;RBHsm<úT§Cam©as;EdlRbfab;enAelIkMBUlPñM . GFi-

b,ayfa {elIkMBUlPñMsienru} .

bTfa eyaCnani Ts eTV c GgáúerayM tTa Ghu ¬RKaenaH

GgáúreTvbuRtenHenAq¶ay 12 eyaCn_¦ esckþIfa kñ úgkalenaH KW

kñúgevlaenAcMeBaHRBHP®kþRBHsasþa GgáúreTvbuRtGñkmancritdUceBal

ehIyenH )ansßitenAq¶ay 12 eyaCn_ . GFib,ayfa {)anGgÁúy

enAkñ úgTIq¶ay 12 eyaCn_ GMBITIEdlRBHsasþaRbfab;} .

bTfa ecaTieta Pavitetþn ¬EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg;manRBH

GgÁGb;rMehIy¦ esckþIfa GñkEdlRBHsmµasm<úT§ GñkmanRBHGgÁGb;rM

ehIyedayGriymKÁPavna EdlRTg;Gb;rMTukd¾y:agkMBUl das;etOn

ehIy . KafamanCaGaTifa {nwgmanRbeyaCn_GVIdl;´RBHGgÁeday

TanenaH} dUecñH CaKafaEdlGgáúreTvbuRtTUlcMeBaHRBHsasþa eday

Baküeqø Iytb . bTfa TkçieNeyün suBaØtM ¬sUnüTeTcakRBH


TkçieNyübuKÁl¦ esckþIfa eRBaHkñ úgkalenaH Tanrbs;´RBHGgÁ

sUnü TeT KW evorcakRBHTkçieNyübuKÁl dUecñaH GgáúreTvbuRteTIb

eBalemIlgayTanrbs;xøÜnfa {nwgmanRbeyaCn_GVIdl;´RBHGgÁeday

TanenaH} .

bTfa yekça )andl; eTvbuRt . bTfa TC¢a ¬[¦ esckþI

fa [ehIy . bTfa Gtieracti Gemðhi ¬rugerOgéRkElgCag´

RBHGgÁ¦ esckþIfa rEmgrugerOgéRkElgNas; CagbuKÁldUcCaxøÜn .

mü:ageTot sBÞfa hi Cani)at . GFib,ayfa {rEmgrugerOg KW

RKbsgát;´RBHGgÁ} . edIm,IecosvagBaküsYrfa {dUcGV I?} Ggáúr-

eTvbuRt eTIbeBalfa dUcRBHc®nÞrugerOgkñúgBBYkpáay} .

bTfa ]C¢gÁel ¬kñúgTITYl¦ )andl; kñúgPUmiPaKd¾rwgxøa Mg .

GacarüBYkxøHeBalfa {kñ úgPUmiPaKd¾x<s;} . bTfa erabitM ERbfa

EdleKsabeRBaHehIy KW sabeRBaH b¤dkehIydaMeTot . bTfa

nbi etaesti ¬minjúaMgGñkERs[rIkray¦ esckþIfa rEmgminrIkray

citþ b¤minjúaMgesckþIeRtkGr[ekIt eRBaHmanpltic . bTfa tefv


¬k¾dUecñaHdUcKña¦ esckþIfa BUCd¾eRcInEdleKsabeRBaHehIykñúgERs

TYl rEmgminmanplFMTUlay KW minmanpleRcIn TaMgminjúaMgGñk

ERs[eRtkGr y:agNa TansUm,Id¾eRcIn k¾dUecñaH EdlbuKÁltmál;

TukkñúgbuKÁlRTúsþsIl KW GñkevorcaksIl rEmgminmanplFMTUlay

KW minmanpleRcIn TaMgmineFV I[TaykrIkraycitþeLIy .

2 Kafafa yfabi PTÞek ¬kñúgERsl¥>>> sUm,Iy:agNa¦ Ca edIm

Kb,IRCabGtßeyaCnaedaybriyaypÞúyKñaEdl)aneBalehIy .

kñúgbTTaMgenaH bTfa smµaFarM bevcäenþ ¬kalePøógbg¥úrExSTwkesµI¦

esckþIfa kalePøógbg¥úrExSTwkesµI KW kalePøógFøak;ral;knøHEx ral;

10 éf¶ ral; 5 éf¶mþg . bTfa KuNvenþsu ¬manKuN KW esckþI

l¥¦ )andl; kñúgbuKÁlEdlRbkbedayKuNmanQanCaedIm . bTfa

taTisu ¬taTibuKÁl¦ )andl; GñkRbkbedaylkçN³énbuKÁlnwgFwg

kñúg\dæarmµNCaedIm . bTfa karM elakeBaledayligÁvibløas .

GFib,ayfa ]bkar³ edIm,IecosvagBaküsYrfa ]bkar³KWGVI? Ggáúr-

eTvbuRteTIbeBalfa KW buNü .


RBHsgÁItikacarü)anrcnaKafaenHTukfa

TanEdlbuKÁl[ehIykñúgextþNa manpl

eRcIn KYreRCIserIs[TankñúgextþenaH TaykeRCIs

erIs[TanehIy rEmgeTAkan;sYK’ kareRCIserIs[

Tan RBHsuKtRTg;sresIr RBHTkç ieNyübuKÁlBYk

Na manenAkñúgCIvelakenH TanEdlTayk[ehIy

kñúgRBHTkç ieNyübuKÁlTaMgenaH rEmgmanpleRcIn

dUcBUCEdlsabeRBaHkñ úgERsl¥ dUecñaH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa viecyü ¬eRCIserIs¦ )andl; eRCIs

erIsehIy KW Kb,IBicarNadl;buBaØekçtþedaybBaØa . Baküd¾ess

kñúgbTTaMgBYggayTaMgGs; .

erOgGgáúreRbtenH RBHsasþaRTg;elIkeLIgsEmþgedayRBHGgÁ

Ég edayn½ymanCaGaTifa {mhaTanEdlelak[ehIy} dUecñH k¾

edIm,InwgRTg;RbkasnUvkardl;RBménRBHTkçieNyübuKÁl xagmuxdl;

eTvtakñúghµWncRkvaL kñúgPBtavtþ igS RBHGgÁRTg;sEmþgRBHGPiFmµ


kñúgPBtavtþigSenaH 3 Ex kñúgéf¶mhabvarNa RTg;EhhmehIyeday

BYkeTvta RTg;CaeTBéRkElgCageTB esþcyagcakeTvelakcuHkan;

sgásSnKr RTg;yagdl;Rkúgsavtß IedaylMdab; Kg;Rbfab;enAkñúg

RBHvihareCtBn edIm,InwgRbkaskardl;RBménRBHTkçieNyübuKÁl

kñúgkNþalbris½TTaMg 4 eTIbRTg;sEmþgedayBisþar edayn½yman

CaGaTifa {tfaKteTAedIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;buKÁlNa} RTg;kan;ykkMBUl

eTsna KW ctusc©kfa . kñúgevlacb;eTsna stVeRcInBan;ekadi

TaMgenaH )anRtas;dwgFm’ehIy .

cb;Gdækfa GgáúrebtvtßúTI 9

3

-345- Gdækfa ]BVrIvKÁ erOgnag]tþrmatueRbtTI 10

Gdðkza ótþrmatuebtvtæúTI 10

{ kUn[Tan Em:mineBjcitþsøab;ekItCaeRbt }

[22] erOgrbs;nageRbtEdlCamatarbs;nay]tþr³enH man

Baküepþ Imfa TivaviharKtM Pikçú M ¬nageRbt>>> cUleTArk Pikç úGñkenA

kñ úgTIsRmakkñúgeBléf¶¦ .

kñúgerOgenaH mankarGFib,ayesckþIdUcteTAenH . kalRBH

sasþabriniBVaneTAehIy kalbzmmhasgÁItiRbRBwtþeTAehIy RBH

mhakc©ayn³ RBmedayPikç ú 12 rUb enAkñ úgdgéRBmYykEnøg min

q¶ayBIRkúgekasm<I . k¾sm½yenaH Gamatümñak;rbs;RBH)aT]eTn

)aneFVIkal³ehIy . k¾kñ úgkalmun GamatüenaH)anCaGñkcat;Ecg

kargarkñúgRBHnKr . lMdab;enaH RBHraCaeTIbRtas;[ehA]tþrmaNB

EdlCabuRtrbs;GamatüenaHmk ehIyRTg;sßabnaTukkñúgtMENgEdl

bitaFøab;eFV Imkfa {GñkcUremIlkargarEdlbitaGñkcat;Ecgmk .

]tþrmaNBenaH TTYlRBHraCtRmas;ehIy éf¶mYy )annaM

emCageTAéRB edIm,IRtÚvkareQIsRmab;CYsCulRBHnKr eTIbcUleTA


kan;TIenArbs;RBHmhakc©ayn³ kñúgTIenaH eXIjRBHefr³CaGñkRTRTg;

bgSúkUlcIvr Kg;es¶ómenAkñ úgTIenaH eTIbRCHføakñ úg\riyabf )aneFV I

bdisNßar³ fVaybgÁMehIyGgÁúykñúgTId¾smKYrmYy . RBHefr³)an

sEmþgFm’dl;eK . eK)ansþab;Fm’ehIyekItesckþIRCHføakñúgRBHrtn-

Rt½y eTIbtaMgenAkñúgsrN³ehIy nimnþRBHefr³edayBaküfa {bBiRt

elakm©as;d¾ceRmIn sUmelakm©as;RBmTaMgPikçúTaMgLaycUrTTYlnUv

PtþaharedIm,Iqan;kñúgéf¶Es¥kenH edayesckþIGnueRKaHdl;´cuH} . RBH

efr³TTYlnimnþedaytuNðIPaB . eKRtLb;GMBITIenaHehIyeTAkan;RBH

nKr )anR)ab;dl;BYk])askdéTfa {´)annimnþRBHefr³edIm,Iqan;nUv

Ptþaharkñúgéf¶Es¥kenH sUm,IGñkTaMgLay k¾Kb,Imkkan;eragTanrbs;

´Edr} .

kñúgéf¶TI 2 evlaRBwk Kat;[eKcat;EcgnUvxaTnIy³ nigePaC-

nIy³d¾RbNIt ehIy[R)ab;evla eFV IkareRkakTTYlRBHefr³Edl

nimnþmkRBmTaMgPikçúTaMgLay fVaybgÁMehIy nimnþ[cUleTAkñúgpÞH .

lMdab;enaH kalRBHefr³ nigPikçúTaMgLayKg;elIGasn³EdlRkal

-347- Gdækfa ]B Vr IvKÁ erOgnag]tþrmatueRbtTI 10

edaykRmalEdlCakb,iy³mantémøeRcIn eKeFV IkarbUCaedayeRKÓg

RkGUb páaeQI nigFUb júaMgRBHefr³ nigPikçúTaMgenaH[Eq¥tsáb;sál;

eday)ayTwkd¾RbNIt ekItesckþIRCHføa eFVIGBa¢lIsþab;GnuemaTna

kalRBHefr³eFVIPtþanuemaTnarYcehIynimnþeTA eTIbkan;)aRttamCUn

dMeNIr ecjGMBInKrehIy kalnwgRtLb; eTIbGgVrfa {bBiRtelak

m©as;d¾ceRmIn sUmelakm©as;TaMgLayKb,Imkkan;pÞHrbs;´Canic©}

dwgfa RBHefr³TTYlehIy eTIbRtLb;mkvij . eK]bdæakRBHefr³

y:agenH taMgenAkñ úg»vaTrbs;elak k¾)anseRmcnUvesatabtþipl

nig)anksagviharfVay TaMg)aneFVI[jatirbs;xøÜnTaMgGs;RCHføakñúg

RBHsasna .

cMENkÉmatarbs;eK mancitþRtÚvmnÞ il KW esckþIkMNaj;

rYbrwt eTIb)aneCrRbeTcy:agenHfa {kaleyIgminR)afñanwg[ Ég

[nUvvtßúNadl;BYksmN³ vtß úenaHcUrseRmcCaelahitdl;Égkñúg

brelak} . EtnagGnuBaØat[pøitsøabek¶akmYy kñúgéf¶qøgvihar .

nageFVIkal³ehIy k¾)anekItkñúgkMeNIteRbt . EteRBaHnagGnuema-


Tnapøitsøabek¶akenaH nageTIbmansk;exµArelIb mancug>geLIg l¥it

ehIyEvg . kñúgRKaEdlnagcuHkñ úgTenøKgÁa edayKitfa nwgpwkTwk

enaH . TenøKgÁak¾eBjeTACaQam . nagRtÚvesckþIeRskXøanRKb

sgát; Rtac;eTAGs; 55 qñaM . éf¶mYy nag)aneXIjRBHkgçaervt³

Kg;sRmakkñúgevlaéf¶ Rtg;eqñrTenøKgÁaenaH eTIbyksk;rbs;xøÜn

biT)aMgkaycUleTArk sUmTwkpwk . EdlelakeBalTukfa

nageRbtEdlmansm,úrKYrex<Im eXIjKYrxøac

mansk;Evg sMyugcuHdl;EpndI biT)aMgxøÜnedaysk;

cUleTArkPikçúGñkkMBugsRmakkñúgevlaéf¶ EdlGgÁúy

enARtg;eqñrTenøKgÁa eTIb)aneBalnwgsmN³enaH .

KafaTaMg 2 enH RBHsgÁItikacarü)anrcnaTukxagedIm kñúgTI

enH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa PIr uTsSna ¬emIlKYrxøac¦ )andl;

eXIjeKKYrxøac . )alIfa ruTÞTsSna dUecñHk¾man . GFib,ayfa

{eXIjeKKYrex<Im KYrxøac} . bTfa yavPUmavlm<er ¬sMyugcuHFøak;


dl;dI¦ )andl; mansk;EvgFøak;cuHdl;dI . kalmuneBalfa Pikçú

eRkaymkeBalfa smN³ sMedAykRBHkgçaervtþetßr³enaHÉg .

nageRbtenaHcUleTArkRBHefr³ehIy kalnwgsUmTwkpwk eTIb

eBalKafaenHfa

bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn ´taMgBIsøab;GMBImnusS-

elakmk minEdl)anbriePaK)ay b¤pwkTwkeLIy

Gs;evla 55 qña MehIy sUmelakcUr[Twkpwkdl;

´CaGñkeRskTwkpgcuH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa naPiCanami Putþ M va ¬minEdl)an

briePaK)ay¦ esckþIfa ´minEdl)anbriePaK)ay b¤TwkeLIy kñúg

ry³kalyUry:agenH KW min)ansuI nigmin)anpwk . bTfa tsita

ERbfa eRsk . manvacaRbkbesckþIfa bTfa )anIyay ¬Twkpwk¦

esckþIfa bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn sUmelak[Twkpwkdl;´GñkRtac;eTA

edIm,IRtÚvkarTwkpwk .

xagmuxBIenH Kb,IRCabnUvKafaEdleBaledayBaküeqø Iyqøg


rvagRBHefr³ nignageRbt dUcteTAenH

RBHefr³eBalfa

TenøKgÁaenHmanTwkRtCak;føas¥at hUrmkGMBI

PñMhimBanþ nagcUrkan;ykTwkGMBITenøKgÁaenaH pwkcuH

nwgmksUmTwkpwkGMBIeyIgeFV IGV I .

nageRbteBalfa

bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn RbsinebI´kan;ykTwkkñúg

TenøKgÁaenH edayxøÜnÉgesat TwkenaHrEmgRtLb;

køayCaQamR)akddl;´ eRBaHdUecñaH ´eTIbsUmTwk

nwgelakm©as; .

RBHefr³sYrfa

nag)aneFVIkmµGaRkk;GVITukedaykay vaca b¤

citþ eRBaHvi)akénkmµGV I Twkkñ úgTenøKgÁaeT IbkøayCa

QamR)akddl;nag .

nageRbteqøIyfa


´manbutþmñak;eQµaH]tþr³ Ca])askmansT§a

eK)anfVaycIvr biNÐ)at TIedk TIGgÁúy nigKilan-

b,c©½y dl;RBHsmN³TaMgLay edaykarmineBj

citþrbs;´ ´RtÚvesckþIk MNaj;RKbsgát;ehIy k¾

eCreKfa En]tþr³ ÉgfVaycIvr biNÐ)at TIedk TI

GgÁúy nigKilanb,c©½ydl;smN³TaMgLay eRBaH

karmineBjcitþrbs;eyIgenaH ¬bc©½ymancIvrCaedIm¦

n+uH cUrkøayCaQamR)akddl;ÉgkñúgbrelakcuH eRBaH

vi)akénkmµenaH TwkkñúgTenøKgÁaeTIb)ankøayCaQam

R)akddl;´ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa himvnþeta ¬GMBIPñMhimBanþ¦ )andl;

GMBIRClgPñMeQµaHfa himBanþ eRBaHmanhim³eRcIn . bTfa snÞti

ERbfa hUr . bTfa Éetþa ¬GMBI>>> enH¦ )andl; GMBITenøKgÁad¾FM

enH . edaybTfa kw ¬ehtuGV I¦ Pikç úsEmþgfa {nagsUmTwkpwknwg

eyIgeFV IGV I nagcUrcuHeTAkan;TenøKgÁa ehIyeRkbpwktamkareBjcitþ


cuH .

bTfa elahitM em brivtþti ¬rEmgRtLb;køayCaQamR)akd

dl;´¦ esckþIfa TwkkalhUreTA rEmgkøay KW ERbCaQam eRBaH

vi)akénkmµGaRkk;rbs;´ Twk eBlEdlnageRbtenaHdYseLIgmk k¾

køayeTACaQam .

bTfa myðM Gkamay ¬edaykarmineBjcitþrbs;´¦ )andl;

kal´minR)afña . bTfa bevcäti ERbfa rEmg[ . bTfa bc©yM

)andl; Kilanb,c©½y . bTfa ÉtM ¬enH¦ CaedIm esckþIfa eRBaH

vi)akénkmµGaRkk;Edl´eFV IT uk edayGMNackarRbeTcpþasafa {En

]tþr³ bc©½ymancIvrCaedIm EdlÉg[dl;smN³enH cUrkøayCa

Qamdl;ÉgkñúgbrelakcuH} .

lMdab;enaH RBHervtþ³)anfVayTwkpwkdl;PikçúsgÇ ]TÞ isdl;

nageRbtenaH rYck¾Rtac;eTAbiNÐ)at TTYlPtþehIy )anfVaydl;

PikçúTaMgLay kan;yksMBt;bgSúkUl GMBIKMnrsMramCaedIm e)akKk;

rYcehIyeFVICaBUk nigexñ Iy fVaydl;Pikç úTaMgLay . eRBaHehtuenaH

-353- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOgnag]tþrmatueRbtTI 10

nageRbtenaH eTIb)anTiBVsm,tþi . nageTAkan;smñak;RBHefr³ sMEdg

TiBVsm,tþiEdlxøÜn)andl;RBHefr³ . RBHefr³RbkasRbvtþ ienaHdl;

bris½TTaMg 4 Edlmkkan;smñak;xø Ün ehIysEmþgFmµkfa . eRBaH

ehtuenaH mhaCneTIbekItesckþIsegVK )anCaGñkR)ascakesckþI

kMNaj;EdlCamnÞil eRtkGréRkElgkñúgkuslFm’ manTan nigsIl

CaedIm . k¾ebtvtß úenH Kb,IRCabfa {elakelIkeLIgkan;sgÁayna

kñ úgTutiysgÁIti} .

cb;Gdækfa ]tþrmatuebtvtßúTI 10

3


Gdðkza sutþebtvtæúTI 11

{ eRbtR)fñaekItCamnusSelak }

[23] erOgsutþeRbtenH manBaküepþ Imfa GhM buer bBVCi-

tsS Pikçúena ¬kalmunenaH ´>>> dl;PikçúCabBVCit¦ dUecñH . ]b,tþi-

ehtuénerOgenaHdUcemþc? )anB¤fa kñúgRsúkmYy minq¶ayBIRkúgsavtßI

kalRBHsasþarbs;eyIgTaMgLay esþcminTan;]b,tþ ieLIgenaHÉg

rab;eLIgeTA 700 qñaM manekµgmñak; ]bdæakRBHbec©kBuT§mYyGgÁ

kaleKceRmInv½yehIy matarbs;eK eTIbeTAsUmnagkulFItamñak;

GMBIRtkUlEdlesµIKña edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;buRtenaH . k¾kñúgéf¶vivah³

enaHÉg kumarenaHeTAgUtTwkCamYyBYksMLaj; RtÚvBs;xaMsøab;eTA .

GacarüBYkxøHeBalfa {RtÚvykScab;k¾man} . eKeFV IkuslkmµTuk

CaeRcIn edaykar]bdæakRBHbec©kBuT§ )aneTAekItkñúgebtviman eRBaH

ehtuEtxøÜnmancitþRbtiB½T§kñ úgekµgRsIenaH EtCaGñkmanb£T§ ieRcIn man

GanuPaBeRcIn .

lMdab;enaH eKR)afñanwgnaMnagTarikaenaHmkkan;vimanrbs;xø Ün

-355- Gdækfa ]BVrIvKÁ erOgsutþeRbtTI 11

eTIbKitfa {eday])aydUcemþchñ+ nageTIbnwgGPirmükñ úgTIenHCamYy

eyIg [CakmµEdlnwgRtÚv[plkñúgbc©úb,nñ} eTIbBicarNadl;ehtu

Edl[)anesaynUvePaKsm,tþiCaTiBVenaH eXIjRBHbec©kBuT§kMBug

eFVIcIvrkmµ eTIbEkøgePTCamnusS eTAfVaybgÁMehIyeBalfa {elak

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eFVIcIvrkmµ ])ask} evmanikeRbtenaHeTIbeBalfa {bBiRtelakm©as;

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ehIy )ancg¥úlpÞHrbs;nagTarikaenaH . RBHbec©kBuT§ )annimnþeTA

kñúgTIenaH )anQrenARtg;TVarpÞH . lMdab;enaH nageXIjRBHbec©k-

BuT§QrenAkñúgTIenaH mancitþRCHføa dwgfa {elakm©as;rbs;eyIgman

esckþIRtÚvkarGMe)aH} eTIb)anfVayGMe)aH 1 dMu . lMdab;enaH Gm-

nusSenaH)anEkøgePTCamnusS eTAkan;pÞHrbs;nagTarika GgVrsUm

matarbs;nagehIy enACamYynag 2-3 éf¶ edIm,IGnueRKaHdl;mata

rbs;nag eTIbeFV IPaCn³RKb;y:agkñ úgpÞHenaH [eBjedaymas nig

R)ak; ehIycareQµaHTukxagelIPaCn³TaMgGs;enaH edIm,I[dwgfa {enH


CaRTBüEdleTvta[ nrNa² minKYrkan;ykeTAeLIy} dUecñH eTIb

eTIb)annaMekµgRsIenaHeTAkan;vimanxø Ün . matarbs;nag)anRTBüCa

eRcIn )an[dl;BYkjatirbs;xø Ün dl;CnkMRBa nigGñkedIrpøÚvCaedIm

cMENkxøÜnÉgbriePaKehIy kalnwgkal³ eTIbR)ab;dl;jatiTaMg

Layfa {ebIFItarbs;eyIgmkvij GñkcUr[RTBüenH} ehIyk¾)an

søab;eTA .

luHkalknøgeTA 700 qñaM GMBIkalenaH kalRBHmanRBHPaK

rbs;BYkeyIg esþc]b,tþieLIgkñ úgelak RTg;RbkasnUvFmµckád¾bvr

RTg;Rbfab;enAnaRkúgsavtßI edaylMdab; kalRsIenaHenArYmCamYy

GmnusSenaH esckþIGpSúkk¾ekIteLIg . nagkalnwgeBalCamYy

GmnusSenaHfa {sUmeR)as bBiRtGñkm©as; sUmGñkcUrnaM´RtLb;

eTAkan;pÞHrbs;´cuH} dUecñHehIy )aneBalnUvKafaTaMgenHfa

kalmun ´k¾)anfVayGMe)aHdl;Pikç úCabBVCit

Edl)ancUleTAsUmdl;pÞHrbs;´ vi)akénkarfVay

GMe)aHenaH ´eTIb)anesaypld¾FMy:agenH Rbkar

-3 57- Gdækfa ]B Vr IvKÁ erOgsutþeRbtTI 11

mYyeTot sMBt;eRcInekadi ekItdl;´ vimanrbs;´

edrdaseTAedaypáaeQI KYrmenarmü viciRtedayrUb

cmøak;eRcIny:ag bribUreTAedayeTvbutþ nigeTBFIta

´eRCIserIseRbIR)as;sMBt;esøókdNþb; tamcMNg;

sUm,IRtwmenH sBVvtßúEdlKYreBjcitþeRcInsn§wksn§ab;

minecHGs; ´)anTTYlesckþIsux nigesckþIsb,ay

kñúgvimanenH eRBaHGaRs½yvi)akénkmµenaH ´RtLb;

eTAkan;mnusSelakehIy nwgeFVIbuNü[eRcIn bBiRt

GñkCam©as; sUmGñkcUrnaM´RtLb;eTARsúkmnusScuH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa bBVCitsS Pikç úena ¬Pikç úCabBVCit¦

enH elakeBalsMedAykRBHbec©kBuT§ . BitehIy RBHbec©kBuT§

enaH kaleBaledaybrmtß rEmgKYrnwgeBal)anfa CabBVCit eRBaH

beNþj KW lHkmøaMgénkamGMBIsnþanrbs;xøÜnedaydac;CasmuecäT

nigKYreBalfa Pikçú eRBaHCaGñkTmøaykiels . bTfa sutþM ¬GMe)aH¦

)andl; GMe)aHEdlseRmcedaykb,as . bTfa ]bsgámµ ¬cUl


eTA¦ )andl; cUleTAkan;pÞHrbs;´ . bTfa yacita ¬sUm¦ n½yfa

RBHbec©kBuT§ sUmedaykarRtac;eTAedIm,IPikça eBalKW karRbkbeday

kayviBaØtþ i EdleBalTuky:agenHfa {RBHGriy³TaMgLayrEmgQr

edaycMeBaH} enHCakarsUmrbs;RBHGriy³TaMgLay . bTfa tsS

¬enaH¦ )andl; nUvkarfVayGMe)aHenaH . bTfa vi)aeka vibulplU-

blBÖti ¬vi)ak>>> ´eTIb)anesaypld¾FM¦ esckþIfa \LÚvenH )an

KW esaypld¾FM )andl; vi)akEdlekIteLIgy:agFMéRkElg . bT

fa Bhuka ¬sn§wksn§ab;¦ )andl; minEmntic . bTfa vtßekadieya

¬sMBt;eRcInekadi¦ )andl; ekadiénsMBt; . GFib,ayfa {sMBt;eRcIn

EsnRbePT} .

bTfa GenkcitþM ¬viciRtedayrUbcmøak;epSg²¦ )andl; viciRt

kmµepSg² b¤manrUbPaBEdlviciRtedayrtn³ manEkvmukþa nigEkv-

mNICaedImsn§wksn§ab; . bTfa nrnariesvitM ¬bribUreTAedayeTv-

buRt eTBFIta¦ )andl; eRtóbRtaeTAedayeTvbuRt nigeTBFItaEdl

Cabrivar . bTfa sahM PuBa¢ami ¬´eRCIserIseRbIR)as;¦ esckþIfa


ńwgeRCIserIseRbIR)as;vimanenaH . bTfa )aru)ami ¬esøókdNþb;¦

esckþIfa ńwgesøók nigdNþb;sMBt;tamesckþIR)afña kñúgbNþasMBt;

eRcInekadi . bTfa bhUtvitþa ¬sBVvtßúEdlKYrrIkrayd¾eRcIn¦ esckþI

fa vtßúRKb;y:ag EdlCaeRKÓg]bkrN_dl;RTBü CaeRKÓgrIkrayén

citþeRcInsn§wksn§ab; KW manRTBüeRcIn )andl; manePaK³eRcIn .

bTfa n c tav xIyti ¬k¾minecHGs;¦ esckþIfa sBVvtß úEdlCa

eRKÓgrIkraycitþenaH rEmgminGs;eTA KW mindl;nUvkarGs;eTA )an

dl; mindl;karvinaseTAeLIy .

bTfa tesSv kmµsS vi)akmnVya ¬eRBaHGaRs½yvi)akénkmµ

enaH¦ esckþIfa ´)anTTYlesckþIsuxEdlCavi)ak nigesckþIsb,ay

rIkray eBalKW PaBq¶aj;BIsaEdlKYrCaTIR)afña eRBaHPaBCaehtu

bc©½y GaRs½ybuBaØkmµEdlseRmcedaykar[GMe)aHenaHÉg kñúgviman

enH . bTfa Knþ¡a buneTv manusM ¬RtLb;eTAkan;RsúkmnusS¦

)andl; ´RtLb;eTAkan;mnusSelakvij . bTfa kahami buBaØani

¬nwgeFVIbuNü¦ esckþIfa éFVIbuNüEdl[seRmcesckþIsuxd¾viess


dl;xøÜn´ EdlCaehtu[´)ansm,tþienH . bTfa nyyübutþ¬1¦ mM

¬bBiRtGñkCam©as; sUmGñkcUrnaM´eTA¦ esckþIfa bBiRtGñkCam©as;

GñkcUrnaM KW cUrnaM´RtLb;eTAkan;mnusSelak .

GmnusSenaH luH)ansþab;dUecñaHehIy kalminR)afñanwgeTA

edayesckþIGnueRKaH eRBaHehtuEtxøÜnmancitþRbtiB½T§cMeBaHnagenaH

eTIbeBalKafafa

nagmkenAkñúgvimanenHCag 700 qñaM CaGñkman

v½ycas;ehIy nwgeTAenAkñúgmnusSelakdUcemþc mYy

eTot jatirbs;nagsøab;Gs;ehIy nagcakeTvelak

enHeTAkan;mnusSelakenaHehIy nwg)any:agNa .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa stþ enH CakarGFib,aydl;karlub

viPtiþ . mü:ageTot bTfa stþ enH CabzmaviPtþi eRbIkñúgGtßbBa©mI-

viPtiþ . bTfa vsSsta ERbfa CagryénqñaM . GFib,ayfa {nag

mkenAkñ úgTIenH KW mkkan;vimanenHknøg 700 qñaM KW nagenAkñ úgTI

1¦ bidk = neyüybutþ .


enH 700 qñaM} . bTfa CiNÑa c vuDÆa c thw PvisSsi ¬CamnusS

cas;ehIy nwgeTAenAkñ úgmnusSelakdUcemþc¦ esckþIfa nagman

GtþPaBEdl]tu nigGahard¾CaTiBV]btßmÖKaMRTenAkñúgvimanenH taMgenA

edayGakarmanv½yekµg Gs;kalmanRbmaNbu:eNÑH edayGanuPaB

énkmµ . mü:ageTot nageTAGMBIeTvelakenH nwgeTACamnusScas;

eRBaHCra cas;tamv½y kñúgmnusSelakenaH eRBaHkmµGs;eTA nig

eRBaHGMNacén]tu nigGaharrbs;mnusS . edIm,IecosvagBaküsYr

fa {nwgeFV Iy:agNa?} eqø Iyfa eRbteTIbeBalfa eRBaHjatirbs;

nagsøab;Gs;ehIy . GFib,ayfa {sUm,Ijatirbs;nagTaMgGs;enaH

Égsøab;Gs;ehIy eRBaHkalevlaknøgeTAyUr . eRBaHdUecñaH nag

cakeTvelakenH eTAkan;mnusSelak nwg)any:agNakñúgmnusS-

elakenaH?} GFib,ayfa {nagcUrjúaMgGayu[Gs;eTAkñ úgTIenH min

[esssl; KW cUrenAkñúgTIenH} .

®sþIenaH EdlGmnusSenaHeBalehIyy:agenH kalmineCO

Bakürbs;GmnusSenaH eTIbeBalKafaeTotfa


kal´mkenAkñ úgv imanenH 7 qña Mb: ueNÑaHÉg

)anrIkrayedayTiBVsm,tþ i nigesckþIsux ´RtLb;

eTAkan;RsúkmnusSehIy nwgeFVIbuNü[eRcIneLIg

bBiRtGyübuRt sUmGñkcUrnaM´RtLb;eTAkan;Rsúk

mnusScuH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa setþv vsSani \FaKtay em

¬kal´mkenAkñúgvimanenH 7 qñaM enaHÉg¦ esckþIfa bBiRtGyübuRt

kal´enAkñ úgTIenH RbEhlCaknøgeTA 7 qñaMb: ueNÑaH . nagkMNt;

kalevlaEdlknøgeTACaeRcInmin)an eTIb)aneBaly:agenaH eRBaH

ehtuEdlxøÜnbribUN’eTAedayTiBVsm,tþ i nigsuxsm,tþidl;eTA 700

qñaM .

k¾vimaneRbtenaH RtÚvnagsYry:agenHehIy eTIbeRkInrMBJknag

manRbkarepSg² ehIyeBalfa {\LÚvenH nagnwgenAkñ úgTIenaHmin

elIsBI 7 éf¶eLIy RTBüEdleyIg[mþayrbs;nagkb;TukenAman

enAeLIy nagcUr[RTBüenaHdl;smNRBahµN_ ehIycUrR)afñamk

-363- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOgsutþeRbtTI 11

ekItkñúgTIenHcuH} eTIbcab;édnagnaMmkTukRtg;kNþalpÞH eBalfa {nag

Kb,I[»vaTdl;CndéTEdlmkkñúgTIenHfa GñkTaMgLay cUreFVIbuNü

tamkmøaMgcuH} dUecñHehIyeTIbeTA . eRBaHehtuenaH elakeTIbeBal

fa

evmanikeRbtenaH Tas;citþcab;RsIenaHRtg;éd

naMRtLb;eTAkan;RsúkEdlnagekIt ehIyniyaynwg

RsIenaH EdlERbCamnusScas; mankmøaMgTn;exSay

fa nagKb,IR)ab;CnsUm,IdéTeTot Edlmkkan;TIenH

fa GñkTaMgLaycUreFVIbuNücuH GñkTaMgLaynwg)an

TTYlesckþIsux .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa esa )andl; eRbtvimanenaH .

bTfa tM )andl; RsIenaH . bTfa KehtVan bsyð BahayM

¬Tas;citþcab;nagenaHRtg;éd¦ )andl; cab;edImédRsIenaH dUcCabgçM

naMeTA . bTfa bc©anyitVan ¬naMRtLb;eTA¦ )andl; naMRtLb;mk

kan;pÞHEdlnagekIt nigceRmInFMFat; . bTfa efrw ¬CamnusScas;¦


)andl; CamnusScas; . GFib,ayfa {mnusScas; mnusSRKaM

RKa} . bTfa suTuBVlM ¬mankmøaMgticbMput¦ )andl; mankmøaMgtic

bMput eRBaHxøÜnCamnusSRKaMRKa eRBaHCraenaHÉg . )anB¤fa RBmnwg

kareTAGMBIvimanenaHÉg nagk¾CamnusScas;CraRKaMRKa knøgkalén

v½y . bTfa veC¢si ¬Kb,IR)ab;¦ ERbfa Kb,IeBal . edIm,Inwg

sEmþgGakarénBaküEdlnwgKb,IeBal elakeTIbeBalBakümanCa

GaTifa CnsUm,IdéT BaküenaHmanGFib,aydUecñHfa {Ennagd¾ceRmIn

sUm,Inagk¾Kb,IeFV IbuNü sUm,ICndéTEdlmkkñúgTIenH edIm,IRtÚvkar

sYrsuxTukçnag nagk¾Kb,IeBaldas;etOnfa EnGñkmanmuxs¥at Gñk

cUrsmøwgemIlk,al nigkMNat;sMBt;EdlRtÚvePøIgeqH k¾cUreFVIbuNü

manTan nigsIlCaedIm nigeBalfa kaleFVIbuNüehIy Gñknwg)an

TTYlesckþIsuxEdlCaplénbuNüenaH edayBitR)akd minKYreFVI

esckþIsgS½ykñúgbuNüenaHeLIy .

kaleRbtvimanenaHeBaly:agenHehIy eTIbeTA . RsIenaHeTA

kan;TIenArbs;BYkjatixø Ün [jatiTaMgenaHsÁal;xø ÜnehIy eTIbkan;


ykRTBüEdljatiTaMgenaHRbKl;[ kalnwg[Tandl;smN³ nig

RBahµN_ eTIb)an[»vaTdl;CnEdlmkehIy² kan;smñak;rbs;xøÜn

edayKafafa

eyIg)aneXIjeRbtTaMgLay Gñkmin)aneFV I

esckþIl¥Tuk ekþARkhayehIyy:agNa mnusSTaMg

Layk¾y:agenaH k¾BYkstV KW eTvta nigmnusS

eFV IkmµEdlmanesckþIsuxCavi)akehIy rEmgCaGñk

tMagenAkñ úgesckþIsux .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Gketn ¬min)aneFV I¦ )andl; min

sag KW xøÜnmin)ansnSMTuk . bTfa saFuna ¬esckþIl¥¦ )andl;

mankuslkmµ . bTfa saFuna enH CattiyaviPtþi eRbIkñúglkçN³

én\tßmÖÚt³ . bTfa vihBaØnþi ¬ekþARkhay¦ )andl; dl;nUvesckþI

ceg¥ótcg¥l; . bTfa suxevTnIyM ¬manesckþIsuxCavi)ak¦ )an

dl; buBaØkmµEdlmansuxCavi)ak . bTfa suex zita ERbfa taMg

enAkñ úgesckþIsux . )alIfa suexzita dUecñHk¾man . GFib,ayfa


ceRmInéRkElg KW pSayeTAedayesckþIsux . kñúgesckþIenH man

GFib,aydUecñHfa {eyIgeXIjBYkmnusSnwgekþARkhay eRBaHmin)an

eFVIkuslTuk eFVIEtGkusl dl;nUvesckþIceg¥ótcg¥l; esckþIeRsk

XøanCaedIm esayTukçy:agxøa Mg dUcBYkeRbt . mYyeTot eyIg

)aneXIjBBYkCnEdleFVIkmµCaehtu[plCasux GñkCab;Tak;Tgkñúg

eTvta nigmnusS edaykuslkmµEdlxøÜneFVITukenaH nigGkuslkmµ

EdlxøÜnmin)aneFV ITuk sßitenAkñ úgesckþIsux} . bTfa suex zita

enH CabTeBalbBa¢ak;dl;xø Ün . eRBaHdUecñaH elakkalevorcak

esckþIGaRkk;[q¶ayehIy cUrxVl;xVaykñúgkarbMeBjbuNü} .

RsIenaH kal[»vaTy:agenH )anbMeBjnUvmhaTanGs; 7

éf¶ dl;smN³ nigRBahµNCaedIm kñúgéf¶TI 7 søab;eTA k¾)anekIt

kñ úgPBCan;tavtþigS . PikçúTaMgLayRkabTUlerOgenaHcMeBaHRBHman

RBHPaK . RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;k¾)aneFV IerOgenaH [CaGtßúb,tþ iehtu

ehIy eTIbsEmþgFm’dl;bris½TEdlmkRbCuMKñakñúgTIenaH . Etkal

ebIeBaledayesckþIEbøkKña RBHGgÁRTg;Rbkasdl;TanEdlbMeBj


kñúgRBHbec©kBuT§fa manpleRcIn manGanisgSeRcIn . mhaCn)an

sþab;dUecñaHehIy CaGñkR)ascakesckþIkMNaj;EdlCamnÞil eRtkGr

éRkElgkñúgbuNümanTanCaedIm dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa sutþebtvtßúTI 11

3


Gdðkza kNÑmuNÐebtivtæúTI 12

{ Priyak,t;citþ søab;eTAekItCaeRbt }

[24] kalRBHsasþa Rbfab;enAkñúgRkúgsavtß I RTg;R)arB§nUv

kNÑmuNÐeRbt Rtas;nUvRBHKafaenH manBaküepþImfa esavNÑesa-

)aNplka ¬RsHe)akçrNIenHmanTwkføas¥at manCeNþIrmas¦ dUecñH .

)anB¤fa kñúgGtItkal kñúgkalénRBHsmµasm<úT §RTg;RBHnam

fa ksSb³ kñúgkimilnKr man])askmñak;CaRBHesatabnñ manqnÞ³

rYmKñanwg])ask 500 nak; CaGñkxVl;xVaykñúgbuBaØkmµ mankardaM

páa sags<an nigsagTIc®gámCaedIm ksagviharfVayRBHsgÇ )an

eTAvihartamkal RBmeday])askTaMgenaH . cMENkPriyarbs;

])askTaMgenaH Ca])asikamanesckþIRBmeRBógKñanigKña xøHkan;páa

eRKÓgRkGUb nigeRKÓglabCaedIm eTAkan;vihartamkal eTAsRmak

kñúgsPaCaTImenarmüCaedIm kñ úgrvagpø Úv .

eRkaymkéf¶mYy GñkelgRsI 2-3 nak; GgÁúyCMnuMKñaenAsPa

Rtg;kEnøgmYy kal])asikaTaMgenaHnaMKñaeTAsRmakkñúgTIenaH eXIj

-369- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOgkNÑmuNÐeRbtTI 12

rUbsm,tþirbs;])asikaTaMgenaH mancitþRbtiB½T§ dwgfa ])asikaTaMg

enaHdl;RBmedaysIl Gacar³ nigKuNFm’ eTIbsnÞnaKñafa {nrNa

GacTmøaysIlrbs;])asikasUm,IEtmñak; kñúgbNþa])asikaTaMgenaH

)an} . kñúgGñkelgTaMgenaH Gñkelgmñak;eBalfa {eyIgGac} .

BYkGñkelgTaMgenaH)aneFVIl,icGaRkk;fa {BYkeyIgnwgeFVIl,ic eday

témøQñÜl 1>000 khabN³ nigeBalfa {kalGñkeFVI)an eyIgnwg

[RTBü 1>000 khabN³dl;Gñk ebIGñkeFVImin)an GñkKb,I[RTBü

dl;eyIg} . eKBüayameday])ayy:ageRcIn kal])asikaTaMgenaH

mkkan;sPa eTIbedjBiNExS 7 mansemøgd¾BIeraHlnøg;lenøac

ERskeRcógRbkbedaykamKuN mansemøgd¾BIeraH eFVI[®sþImñak;kñúg

bNþa])asikaTaMgenaHdl;nUvsIlvibtþi edaysMeLgeRcógenaH k¾eFVI

karknøgelµIs [GñkelgTaMgenaHcaj;edayRTBü 1>000 khabN³ .

GñkelgTaMgenaHEdlcaj;edayRTBü 1>000 khabN³ ehIy k¾

)anR)ab;dl;sVamIrbs;nag . sVamIsYrnagfa {bursTaMgenaH)aneBal

edayRbkarEdlnagRbRBwtþy:agenHb¤?} nagbdiesFfa {´min)andwg


erOgdUecñH} . kalsVamImineCO eTIbbgðajsunxEdlenACit )aneFVI

kars,ffa {ebI´)aneFV IkmµGaRkk;dUecñaHesat sUm[sunxexµAkMbut

RtecokenH xaMsIu´ EdlekItkñúgPBenaH² cuH} . cMENk®sIþ 500

nak; dwgfa RsIenaHRbRBwtþk,t;citþ RtÚvsVamIsYrfa {RsIenHeFV Ikmµ

GaRkk;dUecñH b¤min)aneFVI} eTIbeBalmusafa {BYkeyIgmindwgkmµ

EbbenH} eTIb)ans,ffa {ebIBYk´dwg sUm[BYk´Kb,ICaTasIrbs;

RsIenaHÉg RKb;² PBeTAcuH .

lMdab;enaH RsIEdlRbRBwtþk,t;citþenaH manhTy³RtÚvesckþI

ekþARkhayenaHÉgduteral eTIbsÁaMgsÁm esøksøaMg minyUrbu:nµan

k¾søab;eTA ekItCaevmanikeRbtenARtg;kEnøgmYy namat;RsHkNÑ-

muNÐ³¬1¦ kñúgbNþaRsHTaMg 7 Rtg;RClgPñMhimBVanþ . CuMvijviman

rbs;nag )anekItRsHe)akçrNImYy eRBaHvi)akénkmµrbs;nag .

cMENk®sþI 500 nak;d¾ess søab;ehIy k¾ekItCanagTasIrbs;®sþI

1¦ RsHTaMg 7 KW ³ 1>Genattþ³ 2>kNÑmuNÐk³ 3>rfkar³ 4>qTÞn þ 5>kuNal³

6>mnÞakin I 7>sIhtabn³ . ¬dIka¦ .

-371- Gdækfa ]BVrIvKÁ erOgkNÑmuNÐeRbtTI 12

enaHÉg edayGMNackmµEdl)ans,f . nagesayTiBVsm,tþ ikñ úg

evlaéf¶ eRBaHplénbuBaØkmµEdlxøÜn)aneFV ITukkñúgkalmun luHdl;

evlayb;k¾RtÚvkmøaMgénkmµGaRkk;das;etOn eTIbeRkakGMBIdMeNkeTA

kan;mat;RsHe)akçrNI . EqáexµAmYyk,alFMbu :nkUnesH manrUbrag

KYrxøac kMbutRtecok mancgáÚm>gEvg nigmutéRkElg manEPñkdUc

KMnrregIgePøIg]sKKIrEdleqHl¥ehIy manGNþatdUcCaepøkbenÞar

elonecjmkmindac; manRkckekagmut maneramEvgrwgKYrex<Im eLIg

mkGMBIRsHkNÑmuNÐ³enaH ehIyeFV InagEdleTAkñ úgTIenaH [dYlcuH

elIEpndI hak;dUcCaRtÚvesckþIeRskXøany:agxøa MgRKbsgát; RKhwm

kMejIj xaMsIu [enAsl;Etragq¥wg ehIyBaMeTATmøak;kñ úgRsHe)akç-

rNI k¾)at;eTA . kñúgevlaEdlsunxTmøak;cuHkñúgRsHe)akçrNIenaH

Ég nagk¾manrUbragdUcRbRktIedImvij ehIyeLIgkan;viman edkenA

elITIedk . cMENkRsIeRkABIenaH esayTukçCaTasIrbs;nagenaH

Ég . BYk®sþIenaHenAkñ úgTIenaH edayevlaknøgeTAGs; 550 qñaM

edayRbkardUecñH .


lMdab;enaH ®sþITaMgenaHevorcakbursecjehIy enAesay

TiBVsm,tþ i k¾ekItesckþIenOyNay . mansÞwgmYyExShUrecjGMBI

RsHkNÑmuNÐ³ kñ úgbNþaRsHFMTaMg 7 enaH . hUrecjtamcenøaHPñM

cUleTAkan;TenøKgÁa . k¾kñ úgTICitTIenArbs;RsITaMgenaH mandgéRB

mYy dUcCasYn]Tüand¾Rss;s¥at RbkbeTAedayedImsVay edImxñúr

nigeXøakCaedIm EdlmanEpøCaTiBV . RsITaMgenaHKitRBmKñay:agenH

fa {BYkeyIgnwgTmøak;EpøsVayTaMgenHeTAkñ úgsÞwgenH RbsinebIburs

Namñak;eXIjEpøeQIenHehIy eRBaHesckþIelaPkñúgEpøeQI nwgKb,I

mkkñúgTIenHxøH BYkeyIgnwgGPirmüCamYybursenaH} . RsITaMgenaH

k¾)aneFVIy:agenaH . EpøsVayEdlRsITaMgenaHnaMKñae)aHTmøak;eTA Epø

xøHtabserIs)an EpøxøHRBanéRBerIsykeTA EpøxøHEk¥kdeNþImykeTA

EpøxøHeTIrenAelImat;RcaMg . cMENkÉEpømYy GENþteTAtamExSTwk

kñ úgTenøKgÁa dl;RkúgBaraNsIedaylMdab; .

k¾sm½yenaH RBH)aTBaraNsIRTg;Rsg;TwkkñúgTenøKgÁa Edl

eKB½T§TukedaysMNaj;elah³ . lMdab;enaH EpøeQIenaH GENþt


eTAtamExSTwk mkedaylMdab; k¾Cab;enARtg;sMNaj;elah³ . BYk

raCburseXIjEpøsVayTiBVd¾FM bribUN’edayBN’ køin nigrsenaH

ehIy eTIbnaMcUleTAfVaydl;RBHraCa . RBHraCaRTg;cab;ykmYy

cMNiténEpøsVayenaH edIm,Inwgsakl,gemIl eTIbRBHraCTan[dl;

eBCÄXatmñak; EdlRBHGgÁRTg;taMgTukkñúgKuksuI . eKTMBasuIEpøsVay

enaH ehIyRkabTUlfa {bBiRtRBHsmµtieTB EpøeQIdUecñH ´RBHGgÁ

minFøab;TMBasuIeLIy EpøsVayenH RbEhlCarbs;TiBV} . RBHraCa

)anRBHraCTanmYycMNiteTotdl;eBCÄXatenaH . eBCÄXatTMBa

suInUvEpøsVayenaHehIy R)ascakEs,kRCIvRCÜj nigsk;sáÚv man

rUbragKYreBjcitþ hak;dUcCataMgenAkñ úgv½ykMelaH . RBHraCaTt

RBHenRteXIjdUecñaH RTg;ekItesckþIGs©arükñ úgRBHT½y EdlminFøab;

man eTIbesayEpøsVayenaHxøH )anTTYlPaBviesskñúgRBHvrkay

eTIbRtas;sYrBYkmnusSfa {EpøsVayTiBVenHmanenATINa?} BYkmnusS

RkabTUly:agenHfa {)anB¤fa manenAÉPñ MhimBanþRBHGgÁ} . RBH

raCaRtas;fa {etInrNaGacnaMykEpøsVayTaMgenaHmk)an?} . BYk


mnusSRkabTUlfa {RBanéRB rEmgdwgRBHGgÁ} .

RBHraCaRtas;bgÁab;[ehABYkRBanéRBmk eTIbR)ab;erOgenaH

[BYkRBanéRBRCab )anRBHraCTanRTBü 1>000 khabN³ dl;

RBanéRBmñak; EdlBYkRBanéRBTaMgenaHsnµtfVaycMeBaH eTIbbBa¢ Ún

RBanéRBenaHeTA edayRBHtRmas;fa {GñkcUreTA cUrRbjab;naMykEpø

sVayenaHmk[eyIg} . RBanéRBenaH)an[RTBü 1>000 khabN³

enaHdl;buRt nigPriya kan;ykes,óg eq<aHmuxeTAkan;RsHkNÑmuNÐ³

EdlzitenAb®Ba©asKñanwgTenøKgÁa knøgGMBIRsúkmnusSeTA k¾)anCYb

tabsmñak; kñúgTIRbmaNCa 60 eyaCn_ )ansYrdl;RsHkNÑmuNÐ³

k¾edIreTAtampøÚvEdltabsenaHR)ab; )anCYbtabsmñak;eTot kñúgTI

RbmaNCa 30 eyaCn_ edIreTAtampøÚvEdltabsenaHR)ab; )anCYb

tabsmñak;eTot kñúgTIRbmaNCa 15 eyaCn_ eTIb)anR)ab;ehtuEdl

xøÜnmk dl;tabsenaH . tabsR)ab;eKfa {GMBIenHeTA GñkRtÚvlH

TenøKgÁaenH GaRs½ysÞwgtUcenH edIrb®Ba©asExSTwkeTA . kan;yk

Kb;ePøIgkñúgraRtI kñúgeBlEdlGñkeXIjcenøaHPñMehIy Kb,IcUleTA k¾


sÞwgenH kñúgeBlyb;minhUreT eRBaHehtudUecñaH sÞwgenaHeTIbsmKYr

dl;kareTArbs;Gñk . edayknøgeTA 2-3 eyaCn_ Gñkk¾nwgeXIj

EpøsVayTaMgenaH} . eK)aneFV ItamenaHÉg eBlRBHGaTitürHeLIg

k¾)aneTAdl;éRBsVay EdlCaTIrIkraycitþy:agéRkElg CaPUmiPaK

EdlrugerOgeTAedaybNþajrsµIénrtn³epSg² Rss;s¥ateTAeday

cMENkénéRBEdlmanEpøeRcIn manEmksaxaRKbdNþb; dUcCaBitan

BYkvihk¬1¦nana k¾beBa©jsMeLgexJóvxJarGWgkg .

lMdab;enaH BYkRsIGmnusSTaMgenaH eXIjRBanéRBenaHedIr

mkGMBIcm¶ay eTIbrt;cUleTAedaysMKal;fa {bursenHCaTIBwgrbs;

eyIg bursenHCaTIBwgrbs;eyIg} k¾RBanéRBenaH eBleXIjRsITaMg

enaHehIy eTIbPitP½y ERskrt;eKceTA eRBaHxø Ünmin)aneFV IbuBaØkmµ

d¾smKYrEdlnwgesayTiBVsm,tþikñ úgTIenaH rYmCamYyRsITaMgenaH)an

eTIbeTAdl;RkúgBaraNsIedaylMdab; ehIyRkabTUlerOgenaHcMeBaH

RBHraCa . RBHraCaRTg;sþab;nUverOgenaHehIy eTIbekItesckþIR)afña

1¦ vihk³ = BBYkstVeTAtamGakas/ stVsøab .


edIm,I)anRsITaMgenaH nigedIm,I)anesayEpøsVayTaMgLay eTIb[BYk

GamatüseRmcraCkarCMnYsRBHGgÁ RTg;Rbdab;edayFñÚ nigRBHx½n eday

Gagfa nwgeTAbr)aj;stV manmnusS 2-3 nak;Cabrivar RTg;yag

eTAtampøÚvEdlRBanéRBenaHÉgcg¥úlR)ab; eTIb[BYkmnusSTaMgenaH

Qb;sRmakkñúgTIcm¶ay 2-3 eyaCn_ eTIbnaMEtRBanéRBeTAeday

lMdab; sUm,IRBanéRBenaHRtLb;GMBITIenaH kñ úgevlaRBHGaTitürH k¾

esþccUldl;cMkarsVay . lMdab;enaH BYk®sþITaMgenaH eXIjRBH

raCaenaHdUcCaeTvbuRtekItkñ úgPBfµI eTIbTTYlrak;Tak; dwgfa {eKCa

RBHraCa} eTIbekItesckþIRsLaj; nigesckþIeKarBCaxøa Mg [Rsg;

TwkedayeKarB [Rbdab;tak;Etgy:agl¥ edaysMBt; eRKÓgGlgáar

páaeQI eRKÓgRkGUb nigeRKÓglab elIkeLIgkan;viman [briePaK

ePaCnd¾CaTiBV manrsd¾el;IsepSg² ehIy)ancUleTAGgÁúyCiteK

tamsmKYrdl;esckþIR)afña .

luHknøgeTA 150 qñaM RBHraCaRTg;eRkakeLIgkñ úgevlayb;

Kg;Rbfab;TtRBHenRteXIjnageRbt EdlRbRBwtþk,t;citþbþIenaHkMBug


edIreTAkan;mat;RsHe)akçrNI manbMNgcg;TtemIl eTIbyagtamBI

eRkay edaytRmiHfa {eRBaHehtuGVIhñ+ RsIenHeTIbeTAkñúgevlaenH} .

lMdab;enaH RBHraCaeXIjnagEdleTAkñúgTIenaH kMBugRtÚvsunxxaMsuI

kalmindwgfa {enHCaGVIhñ+?} dUecñH eTIblYcTtemIl 2-3 éf¶ eTIb

Kitfa {sunxenHnwgCasRtÚvdl;RsIenH} eTIbBYylMEBgEdlsMelog

l¥ehIy edIm,Ipþac;CIvit nigvayRsIenaHehIy [cuHkan;RsHe)akç-

rNI eXIjrUbEdlxøÜn)aneXIjkñúgkalmunehIy eTIbRtas;sYrRbvtþi

rbs;nagenaHedayKafa 12 Kafafa

RsHe)akçrNIenH manTwkføas¥at manCeNþIr

mas RkaledayxSac;masedayCuMv ij kñúgRsHenaH

mankø inRkGUb brisuT§s¥atKYrmenarmü edrdaseTA

edayBYkeQIeRcInRbePT mankøinRkGUbepSg² pSay

eLIg edrdasedaypáaQUkepSg² layLMedaypáa

QUks mankøinRkGUbKYrceRmIncitþ Edlxül;bk;pat;

pSayeLIg sMeLgrgMedaysMeLghgS nigstVeRkól


stVcakRkBakeRcógraMd¾BIeraHKYrcab;citþ layLMeTA

edayhVÚgbkSIepSg² beBa©jsMeLgERskyMGWgkg

manBYkrukçCatiEdlmanpáa nigEpøeRcInBN’ minman

nKrNakñúgBYkmnusSdUcnKrrbs;nageLIy R)asaT

CaeRcInrbs;nag suT§EtseRmcedayR)ak; nigmas

rugerOgRss;sgðaTUeTATaMg 4 TisedayCuMv ij nag

TasI 500 nak; rg;caMbeRmInag Bak;edaykg nig

ExSsy Rbdab;edaymkáúdmas blø½gárbs;nagman

eRcIn EdlseRmcedaymas nigR)ak; Rkaleday

Es,kQøÚs nigsMBt;ekaeCA EdlbuKÁlcat;EcgTuk

ehIy nagnwgcUledkelIblø½gáNa k¾seRmcdUc

esckþIR)afñaRKb;y:ag luHdl;evlayb; nageRkak

cakblø½gáenaHcuHeTAkan;cMENkCitRsHe)akçrNI Qr

enARtg;mat;RsHenaH EdlmanesµAexovx© Id ¾l¥s¥at

lMdab;enaH sunxRtecokkMbutk¾eLIgmkGMBIRsHenaH


xaMGvyv³tUcFMrbs;nag kalNa nagRtÚvsunxxaM

suIehIyenAsl;Etragq¥wg kalenaH nageTIbcuHkan;

RsHe)akçrNI ragkayk¾RtLb;mandUcedIm eRkay

GMBIevlacuHkñ úgRsHe)akçrNI nagRtLb;manGvyv³

tUcFMeBjbribUr s¥atl¥KYrRsLaj; esøókdNþb;

ehIy mkkan;smñak;rbs;eyIg nag)aneFVIkmµGaRkk;

GVITukedaykay vaca citþb¤ edayvi)akénkmµGVI )an

CasunxkMbutRtecokxaMsIuGvyv³tUcFMrbs;nag .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa esavNÑesa)aNplka ¬CeNþIr

mas¦ )andl; kaMCeNþIrsuT§Etmas . bTfa esavNÑvaluks-

nßta ¬RkaledayxSac;mas¦ )andl; RkalxSac;masedayCuMvij .

bTfa ttß ¬kñ úg>>> enaH¦ )andl; kñúgRsHe)akçrNIenaH . bTfa

esaKn§iya ERbfa mankøinRkGUb . bTfa vKÁÚ ¬RsLHl¥¦ )andl;

l¥ KYreBjcitþ . bTfa suciKn§a ¬kø ins¥at¦ )andl; mankø inCa

TIrIkraycitþ . bTfa nanaKn§semrita ¬mankøinRkGUbepSg² pSay


eLIg¦ )andl; manxül;kø inRkGUbpSayeLIgedayCuMvij edaykøin

RkGUbeRcInRbePT .

bTfa nanabTumsBaänña ¬edrdasedaypáaQUkepSg²¦ )an

dl; épÞTwkedrdaseTAedaypáaQUkepSg² . bTfa buNÐrIksema-

hta )andl; qøÚkqøas;eTAedayQUks . bTfa surPw sm,vaynþi

¬køinRkGUbx©ayeLIg¦ esckþIfa xül;rMePIy² bk;naMkø inRkGUb[x©r

x©ayeLIg . GFib,ayfa {RsHe)akçrNI} . bTfa hMsekaBa©a-

Pir uTa ERbfa sMeLgrgMeTAedaysMeLghgS nigeRkól .

bTfa nanaTiCKNakiNÑa ERbfa BaseBjeTAedayhVÚg bkSI²

. bTfa nanasrKNayuta ¬beBa©jsMeLgexJóvxJar¦ )an dl;

RbkbeTAedayBYkbkSIepSg² beBa©jsMeLgERskyMBIeraHKYr

[cab;citþ . bTfa nanaplFra ¬manEpøeRcInRbePT¦ esckþIfa

manrukçCatiEdlmanEpøRKb;rdUvkal TaMgmanEmksMy: ugcuHeRBaHF¶n;

nwgEpød¾eRcIn . bTfa nanabuböFra¬1¦ vna ¬manBYkrukçCatiEdlman

1¦ bidk = nanamalFra vna .


eRcInBN’¦ esckþIfa manBYkeQIbeBa©jpáamankøinRkGUbeRcInRbePT .

BitehIy bTfa vna elakeBaledayligÁvibløas .

bTfa n mnuesSsu |TisM nKrM ¬minmannKrNakñúgmnusS

dUcnKrrbs;nagenH¦ esckþIfa kñ úgmnusSelakminmannKrNaEdl

R)akdesµInKrrbs;nagenHeT . GFib,ayfa {rkmin)ankñúgmnusS-

elak} . bTfa rUbiyamya ERbfa suT§EtR)ak; . bTfa TTÞlø-

mana ¬rugerOg¦ )andl; rugerOgy:agéRkElg . bTfa GaePnþi

¬Rss;s¥at¦ )andl; rEmgRss;s¥at . bTfa smnþa ctuera

Tisa esckþIfa sBVTisTaMg 4 edayCuMvij .

bTfa ya etma kat;bTCa ya et \ma . bTfa bricarika

¬RsIbeRmI¦ )andl; ®sþIEdleFVIkarxVl;xVay . bTfa ta )andl;

®sþIGñkbeRmITaMgenaH . bTfa km<úkayUrFra )andl; Rbdab;eday

kg nigExSsy . bTfa kBa©naevLPUsita ¬Rbdab;edaymkáúd

mas¦ )andl; mansk; nigédRbdab;edaykRmgpáamas .

bTfa kTlimiKsBaänña ERbfa RkaledayEs,kQøÚs . bT


fa sC¢a ERbfa EdlbuKÁlcat;EcgehIy KW smKYredIm,Iedk .

bTfa eKaNksnßta )andl; RkaledaykRmalRBMmaneramEvg .

bTfa ytß KW kñúgblø½gáNa . bTfa vasUbKta ERbfa cUleTA

kan;TIenA . GFib,ayfa {edk} . bTfa sm,tþayDÆrtþay ERb

fa kaldl;evlayb; . bTfa teta ERbfa GMBIblø½gá .

bTfa e)akçrBaØa KW CitRsHe)akçrNI . bTfa hriet ERbfa

exovx©I . bTfa sTÞel ¬esµA¦ )andl; edrdaseTAedayesµAx©I .

bTfa sueP ERbfa Rss;s¥at . mü:ageTot bTfa sueP CaBakü

ERskehAnageRbt . manesckþIfa {Ennagd¾Rss;s¥at nageTA

QrenAÉmat;RsHe)akçrNIenaH elIesµAexovx©IedayCuMv ij} .

bTfa kNÑmueNÐa ERbfa manRtecokdac; KW manRtecok

kMbut . bTfa xayita Gasi ¬RtÚvsunxxaMsuI¦ esckþIfa nagCa

GñkRtÚvsunxkMbutRtecokxaMsIuehIy . bTfa Gdæisgçlika kta

¬sl;Etragq¥wg¦ )andl; xaMsIu[enAsl;Etragq¥wg . bTfa yfa

buer ¬dUcedIm¦ )andl; dUckñúgkalmunGMBIevlaEdlsunxxaMsIu .


bTfa teta ¬xageRkay¦ )andl; xageRkayGMBIcuHkan;RsH

e)akçrNI . bTfa GgÁbc©gÁ I ¬manGvyv³tUcFM¦ )andl; man

sBa’gÁkayeBjelj . bTfa sucarU ¬l¥s¥at¦ )andl; KYrCa

TIeBjcitþ . bTfa biyTsSna ¬emIlKYrRsLaj;¦ )andl; KYr

sresIr . bTfa Gayasi ERbfa rEmgmk .

nageRbtenaH RtÚvRBHraCaRtas;sYrehIyy:agenH kalnwg

eBalnUvRbvtþirbs;xø ÚntaMgBIedImdl;RBHraCaenaH eTIbeBalKafa 5

Kafafa

manKhbtImñak; Ca])ask mansT§a enAkñúg

nKrkimil³¬1¦ ´CaPriyarbs;])askenaH CaRsI

RTúsþsIl RbRBwtþk,t;citþeK kal´RbRBwtþk,t;citþ

eKy:agenaH sVamI´eTIbniyayfa kalnagRbRBwtþ

k,t;citþdUecñaH CakarminsmKYr É´)aneBalmusavaT

s,fy:agGaRkk;fa ebI´RbRBwtþk,t;citþGñk eday

1¦ bidk = kim< il³ .


kay b¤edaycitþesat sUm[sunxkMbutRtecokmYy

k,alenHxaMsuIGvyv³tUcFMrbs;´cuH vi)akénkmµenaH

KW karRbRBwtþk,t;citþsVamI nigmusavaTTaMgBIr Edl

´)anesayehIyGs; 700 qñaM eRBaHkmµenaH sunx

kMbutRtecokeTIbxaMsuIGvyv³tUcFMrbs;´ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa kimilayM ¬kñúgnKrkimil³¦ )andl;

kñúgRBHnKrmaneQµaHy:agenaH . bTfa GticarinI ¬RbRBwtþk,t;citþ¦

esckþIfa BitehIy PriyaelakehAfa mankarRbRBwtþk,t;citþ eRBaH

RbRBwtþeRkAcitþsVamI manesckþIfa {kal´RbRBwtþk,t;citþsVamI´enaH

eTIb)aneBalBaküenHnwg´} . bTfa entM qnñM ¬enHminKYr¦ CaedIm

CakarsEmþgGakarEdlsVamIeBalehIy . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa

entM qnñM ¬enHminKYr¦ esckþIfa karRbRBwtþk,t;citþenaH Cakarmin

smKYr . bTfa n btir UbM ¬minsmKYr¦ Caevvcn³énbTfa entM

qnñ M ¬minKYr¦ enaHÉg . bTfa yM Cakiriyabramas³ . bTfa

Gticrasi ERbfa RbRBwtþk,t;citþ . mü:ageTot )alIk¾dUecñaHdUcKña .


GFib,ayfa {karEdlnagRbRBwtþk,t;citþeyIgenaH CakarminsmKYr

minKYr .

bTfa eXarM ERbfa GaRkk; . bTfa sbf¿ ERbfa Bakü

s,fEs, . bTfa PasisM ERbfa )aneBalehIy . bTfa

scahM kat;bTCa sec GhM . bTfa tM )andl; tV M ERbfa

Gñk . bTfa tsS kmµsS ¬énkmµenaH¦ )andl; kmµd¾lamk KW

kmµénbuKÁlGñkRTúsþsIlenaH . bTfa musavaTsS c ¬musavaT¦

)andl; musavaTEdlnageBalfa {´min)anRbRBwtþk,t;citþGñk} .

bTfa ]PyM ¬TaMgBIr¦ )andl; vi)akrbs;kmµTaMg 2 . bTfa

GnuPUtM ERbfa Edl´esayehIy . bTfa yeta )andl; GMBI

kmµGaRkk;Na .

k¾nageRbtenaH luHeBaly:agenHehIy kalnwgbBa¢ak;dl;

]bkar³EdlRBHraCaeFV Idl;xø Ün eTIbeBalKafa 2 Kafafa

bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾RbesIr RBHGgÁman]bkar³dl;

dl;´eRcIn RBHGgÁesþcmkkñúgTIenH edIm,IRbeyaCn_


dl;´ ´)anrYcputl¥ehIycaksunxkMbutRtecok min

manesckþIesak minmanP½yGMBITINa² sUmetCH

´sUmfVaybgÁMRBHGgÁ ´sUmRbNmGBa¢lI GgVrfa

sUmRBHGgÁcUresaykamsux EdlCaTiBV GPirmüCa

mYy´cuH .

nageRbtehARBHraCaedayBaküfa bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾RbesIr kñúg

KafaenaH . bTfa kNÑmuNÐsS )andl; sunxkMbutRtecok .

BitehIy Baküfa kNÑmuNÐsS enH CaqdæIviPtþi eRbIkñúgGtßénbBa©-

mIviPtþ i . lMdab;enaH RBHraCaRTg;manRBHT½yenOyNayedaykar

enAkñúgTIenaH eTIbRbkasGFüaRs½ykúñgkaresþceTA . nageRbt)an

sþab;dUecñaH mancitþRbtiB½T§cMeBaHRBHraCa kalnwgGgVrRBHraCa[

Rbfab;enAkñúgTIenaHÉg eTIbeBalKafafa tahM eTv nmsSami ¬sUm

etCH ´sUmfVaybgÁMRBHGgÁ¦ .

RBHraCamanRBHbMNgnwgesþceTARBHnKrvij Etmü:ag kal

nwgRbkasGFüaRs½yrbs;RBHGgÁeTot eTIb)aneBalKafacugeRkay


fa

kamsuxEdlCaTiBV eyIg)anesayehIy nig

GPirmüehIyCamYynag EnnagGñkRbkbedayesckþI

Rss;s¥at eyIgsUmGgVrdl;nag sUmnagcUrRbjab;

naMeyIgRtLb;eTAvijcuH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa tahM kat;bTCa tM GhM . bTfa

suPeK ERbfa GñkRbkbedayPaBRss;s¥at . bTfa bdinyahi

mM ¬cUrnaMeyIgRtLb;eTA¦ )andl; sUmnagcUrnaMeyIgRtLb;eTAkan;

RBHnKrrbs;eyIgcuH . Baküd¾esskñúgbTTaMgBYgCak;c,as;ehIy

enaHÉg .

lMdab;enaH nagevmanikeRbtenaH luHsþab;RBHtRmas;rbs;

RBHraCaehIy kalnwgGt;RTaMesckþIRBat;R)ascakKñamin)an man

citþRCÜlRcbl; eRBaHesckþIT ukçesak manragkayjab;j½r sUm,I

GgVreday])aymanRbkarepSg ² kalminGacnwg[RBHraCaRbfab;

enAkñ úgTIenaH)an eTIbnaMRBHraCaRBmTaMgrtn³d¾mantémøCaeRcIn eTA


kan;RBHnKr [RTg;eLIgkan;R)asaT yMxSwkxSÜlehIy eTIbeTAkan;

TIenArbs;xø Ünvij . cMENkRBHraCa luHeXIjdUecñaHehIy eTIbekIt

karsøútRBHT½y bMeBjbuBaØkmµmanTanCaedIm )anCaGñkmansYK’Ca

TIeTAxagmux .

luHRBHmanRBHPaKCam©as;rbs;eyIg RTg;]b,tþieLIgkñúgelak

RTg;RbkasRBHFmµckád¾RbesIr Rbfab;enAkñúgRkúgsavtßIedaylMdab; .

éf¶mYy RBHmhaemaKÁløan Rtac;carikeTAkan;bB’t eXIjRsIenaH

RBmTaMgbrivar eTIbsYrdl;kmµEdlnageFVITuk . nagtMNalerOg

TaMgGs;enaH taMgBIedImdl;RBHefr³ . RBHefr³sEmþgFm’dl;®sþI

TaMgenaH . RBHefr³RkabTUlerOgenaHcMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaK . RBH

manRBHPaKRTg;eFV IerOgenaH[CaGtßúb,tþiehtuehIy eTIbRTg;sEmþg

Fm’dl;bris½TEdlmkRbCuMKñakñúgTIenaH . mhaCnmanesckþItk;søút

evorcakGMeBIGaRkk; bMeBjbuBaØkmµmanTanCaedIm )anmansYK’CaTI

eTAxagmux dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa kNÑmuNÐebtivtßúTI 12 3

-389- Gdækfa ]BVr IvKÁ erOg]BVrIeRbtTI 13

Gdðkza óBVrIebtivtæúTI 13

{ esþcRBhµTtþman 86>000 RBHGgÁ }

[25] erOgnag]BVrIeRbtenH manBaküepþImfa Ghu raCa RBhµ-

Tetþa ¬esþcRBhµTtþ¦ dUecñH . RBHsasþa kalRTg;Rbfab;enAkñúg

RBHmhavihareCtBn RTg;R)arB§])asikamñak; . tMNalmkfa kñúg

RkúgsavtßI mansVamIrbs;])asikamñak;søab;eTA . ])asikaenaHk¾

esakesAeRBaHesckþITukçkñ úgkarRBat;R)ascaksVamI esakesA edIr

yMeTAkan;éRB)a:qa . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg;eXIj]bnisS½ysm,tþi

énesatabtþiplrbs;nag RTg;manRBHT½yEdlRBHkruNadas;etOn

eTIbesþcyageTAkan;pÞHrbs;nag Rbfab;Kg;elIGasn³EdleKRkal

ehIy . ])asikacUleTAKal;RBHsasþa fVaybgÁMehIy k¾GgÁ úy

kñúgTId¾smKYr . lMdab;enaH RBHsasþaRtas;nwgnagfa {])asika

nagesakesAb¤? nagRkabTUlfa {y:agenaHÉg RBHGgÁ ´RBHGgÁ

esak eRBaHRBat;R)ascaksVamICaTIRsLaj;} . RTg;manRBHbMNg

nwg[nagR)ascakesckþIesak eTIbnaMGtItniTanmkfa


kñúgGtItkal kñúgkbilnKr EdnbBa©al³ manRBHraCaRBHnam

fa cULnIRBhµTtþ . RBHGgÁRTg;lHbg;karluHkñ úgGKti RTg;eRtkGr

kñúgkareFVIRbeyaCn_dl;RbCaCnkñúgEdnrbs;RBHGgÁ RTg;min[raCFm’

10 RbkarvinaseLIy RKb;RKgraCsm,tþi RKaxøHRTg;manRBHbMNg

nwgsþab;fa kñúgEdnrbs;RBHGgÁ mannrNaniyayGVIxøH eTIbbnøMxøÜnCa

Cagtm,aj RBHGgÁEtmYyRBHGgÁÉgminmansMLaj; esþcecjcak

nKr Rtac;eTABIRsúkcUleTAkan;Rsúk BICnbTcUleTAkan;CnbT RTg;

eXIjEdndITUeTAminmanerOgcRmÚgcRmas minRtÚvebotebon ¬TaMg¦ BYk

mnusSrs;enAedaymincaM)ac;biTTVarpÞH RTg;ekItesckþIesamnsSCa

xøaMg eTIbesþcRtLb;mkkan;RBHnKr kñúglMdab;pøÚv esþccUleTAkan;

pÞHén®sþIemm:ayTal;Rkmñak;kñ úgRsúkmYy . nageXIjRBHGgÁ eTIb

1¦ raCFm’ 10 Rbkar . sRmab;RBHraCaRTg;RbRBwtþ RBmTaMgENnaMBYkesnabtI m®nþItUcFM nigBYkra®sþ [RbRBwtþpg . TsBiFraCFm’enaH KW 1>Tan/ 2>sIl karrkSasIl 5 Canic© b¤sIl 10 mYydgmYykal/ 3>bric©aK³/ 4>GaC¢v³ esckþIeTog Rtg;/ 5>mTÞv³ esckþI Tn;Pøn;suPaBrabsa/ 6>tb³ karkan;]e)asfsIltamkalkMNt;mþg²/ 7>GekáaFn³ mineFVI GñkdéT[ekþARkhay/ 8>Gvihwsa minebotebonGñkdéT/ 9>xnþi esckþIGt;Fn;/ 10>Gviera-Fn³ minbMBanelIFm’ elIc,ab; . vcnanuRkmsemþcRBHsgÇraCCYn Nat .


sYrfa {Gñkd¾ceRmIn elakCanrNa nigmkGMBINa?} RBHraCaRtas;fa

{nagd¾ceRmIn ´CaCagtm,aj Rtac;suIQñÜlt,ajsMBt; ebInagman

kic©kñ úgkart,aj nagcUrcUr[Gahar nigéføQñÜl ´nwgeFV Ikar[nag}

®sþIemm:ayeBalfa {´BMumankic©kar b¤éføQñÜleT elakcUreFVIkargar

rbs;GñkdéTcuH} . RBHraCaenaH Rbfab;enATIenaH 2-3 éf¶ RTg;eXIj

FItarbs;nag dl;RBmedaylkçN³rbs;GñkmanbuNü eTIbRtas;nwg

matarbs;nagfa {RsImñak;enH nrNa² eFV IkarhYgEhgehIyb¤enA

ebIminTan;mannrNa² hYgEhgeT nagcUr[ekµgRsImñak;enHdl;eyIg

eyIgGaceFV I])ayCaeRKÓgciBa© wmCIvittamsb,aydl;BYknag)an} .

®sþIemm:ayenaHk¾yl;RBm ehIy)anfVayFItaenaHdl;RBHraCa .

RBHraCaRTg;enACamYynagenaH 2-3 éf¶ eTIbRBHraCTanRTBü

1>000 khabN³dl;nag ehIyRtas;fa {RtwmEt 2-3 éf¶bu:eNÑaH

eyIgnwgRtLb;mkvij Ennagd¾ceRmIn nagkuMRBÜyeLIy} dUecñHehIy

eTIbesþceTAkan;RBHnKrrbs;RBHGgÁ RTg;Rtas;bgÁab;[sagpøÚvkñ úg

rvagRBHnKrnwgRsúkenaH [rabesµI [tak;Etg ehIyesþceTAkan;TI


enaH edayraCanuPaBd¾FM ehIy[taMgnagTarikaenaHTukkñ úgKMnrkha-

bN³ ehIy[gUtCRmHkayedayqñaMgTwkmas nigqñaMgTwkR)ak; [

taMgeQµaHfa ]BVrI ehIyRTg;sßabnaTukkñ úgtMENgCaGKÁmehsI nig

)anRbTanRsúkenaHdl;BYkjatirbs;nag )annaMnagmkkan;RBHnKr

edayraCanuPaBd¾FM RTg;GPirmüCamYynag RTg;esaysuxrhUtdl;

Gs;RBHCnµ kñ úgTIbMputénGayu RTg;k¾esayTivgÁt . kalRBHraCa

esayTivgÁt nigeFV IkarfVayRBHePø IgRBHsBeRscehIy RBHnag]BVrI

manhb£T½yeRbóbdUcmutedaykUnsr KW esckþIesak eRBaHRBat;

cakRBHsVamI )aneTAkan;TIsµsan bUCaedayeRKÓgskáar³maneRKÓg

RkGUb nigpáaCaedIm Gs;eRcInéf¶ rlwkdl;RBHKuNénRBHraCa RTg;

esayesakdUcCamnusSqá Üt eFV IRbTkSiNRBHemrumas .

k¾sm½yenaH RBHmanRBHPaKrbs;eyIgTaMgLay CaRBHeBaFi-

stV RTg;sagpñÜsCa\sI seRmcQan nigGPiBaØa enAkñúgdgéRBmYy

kEnøg CitPñMhimBanþ TtRBHenRteXIjRBHnag]BVrIEdleBareBjeday

kUnsr KW esckþIesak edayTiBVckçú esþck¾ehaHmk R)akdxøÜnzit

-393- Gdækfa ]B Vr IvKÁ erOg]BVr IeRbtTI 13

enAB§d¾Gakas Rtas;sYrBYkmnusSEdlenAkñ úgTIenaHfa {enHCaRBH

emrumasrbs;nrNa nig®sþIenH yMxSwkxSÜlfa RBhµTtþ RBhµTtþ

edIm,IRtÚvkarRBhµTtþGgÁNa} . BYkmnusS)ansþab;dUecñaH )annaMKña

eBalfa {RBHraCaénGñkEdnbBa©al³ RTg;RBHnamfa RBhµTtþ esþc

esayTivgÁtkñ úgevlaGs;RBHCnµayu enHCaRBHemrumasrbs;RTg; enH

CaGKÁmehsIeQµaHfa ]BVrI rbs;RBHGgÁ yMknÞk;kenÞjrBJkdl;RBH

namrbs;RBHGgÁfa RBhµTtþ RBhµTtþ dUecñH} . RBHsgÁItikacarü

TaMgLay kalnwgsEmþgesckþIenaH eTIb)anrcnaKafa 6 Kafafa

RBH)aTRBhµTtþEdlCaFM )anesayraCsm,tþi

kñúgEdnbBa©alraC luHéf¶ nigyb;knøgeTA² RBHGgÁ

esþck¾suKt nag]BVr ImehsIesþc)aneTAkan;RBH

emrumasrbs;RBHGgÁ ehIyRTg;RBHkEnSg kalmin

eXIjRBH)aTRBhµTtþ k¾RTg;RBHkEnSgfa RBhµTtþ

RBhµTtþ . k¾tabsGñkCamunI sm,ÚredaycrN-

jaN )aneTATIEdlRBHnag]BVr IRbfab;enaH elak


)ansYrCnTaMgLay EdlmkRbCuMKñakñúgTIenaHfa enH

CaRBHemrumasrbs;nrNa mankøinRkGUbepSg² pSay

eTA RsIenHCaPriyarbs;nrNa xSwkxSÜldl;RBH

sVamIGñkCaFM EdlesþceTAq¶ayGMBIelakenH RBHnag

kalmineXIjRBH)aTRBhµTtþ k¾xSwkxSÜlfa RBhµ-

Ttþ RBhµTtþ . CnEdlmkCYbCuMKñakñúgTIenaH eBal

tbfa bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn enHCaRBHemrumasrbs;

RBH)aTRBhµTtþ mankø inRkGUbpSayeTA ®sþIenHCa

RBHmehsIrbs;RBHGgÁ knÞk;kenÞjdl;RBHsVamIGñk

CaFM EdlesþceTAehIyq¶aycakelakenH RBHnag

kalmineXIjRBH)aTRBhµTtþ eTIbyMknÞk;kenÞjfa

RBhµTtþ RBhµTtþ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Ghu ERbfa )anmanehIy . bTfa

bBa©alanM ¬bBa©al³¦ )andl; GñkRsúkbBa©alrdæ b¤)andl; bBa©a-

lrdæenaHÉg . BitehIy CnbTsUm,IEtmYy eKsEmþgecjeday


BaküCaeRcInfa bBa©alanM edayBaküd¾eRcIn edayGMNacénRBHraC-

kumarGñkCnbT . bTfa refsePa ¬GñkCaFM¦ esckþIfa )andUcCa

GñkFMkñúgrf KW GñkmanrfFM . bTfa tsS GaLahnM ¬RBHemrumas

rbs;RBHGgÁ¦ )andl; sßanTICaTIfVayRBHePø IgRBHsrIr³rbs;RBHraCa

GgÁenaH .

bTfa \si ¬\sI¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa \sI eRBaHGtßfa

EsVgrknUvKuNmanQanCaedIm . bTfa ttß ¬kñúg>>> enaH¦ )andl;

kñ úgTIRbfab;rbs;RBHnag]BVrIenaH KW kñ úgTIsµsan . bTfa GaKcäi

)andl; GKmasi ERbfa )aneTAehIy . bTfa sm,nñcreNa

¬sm,ÚredaycrN³¦ esckþIfa Gñkdl;RBm KW GñkRbkbedayKuN

KW crN³ 15 RbkarenHKW sIlsm,Ta / PaBCaGñkRKb;RKgTVarkñúg

\®nÞ iyTaMgLay/ ePaCenmtþBaØ úta PaBCaGñkdwgRbmaNkñúgePaCn/

CaKriyanueyaK³ PaBCaGñkmankarPJak;rBJkerOy²/ sT§mµ 7 Rbkar¬1¦

mansT§aCaedIm nigrU)avcrQan 4 Rbkar . bTfa muni esckþIfa

1¦ = sT§a hir i »tþb,³ BahusSc©³ vIr iy³ sti bBaØa .


eQµaHfa muni eRBaHdwg KW dwgc,as;nUvRbeyaCn_xøÜn nigRbeyaCn_Gñk

déT . bTfa esa c ttß Gbucä it ß ¬elak)ansYrCnTaMgLay

kñúgTIenaH¦ esckþIfa tabsenaH )ansYrnUvCnEdlenAkñ úgTIenaH .

bTfa ey ttß su smaKta ¬CnTaMgLayEdlmkRbCuMKñakñúgTIenaH¦

)andl; BYkCnEdlmkCYbCu MKñaenATIsµsanenaH . sBÞfa su Ca

ni)at . mü:ageTot )alIfa ey ttßasuM smaKta dUecñHk¾man .

bTfa GasuM ERbfa )anmanehIy .

bTfa nanaKn§semritM ¬mankø inRkGUbepg² pSayeTA¦ man

esckþIfa mankøinRkGUbeRcInRbePTbk;pSayeTAedayCuMvij . bTfa

\eta eyaK mnusSelaketa ERbfa GMBImnusSelak . eRBaHBakü

fa TUrKtM ¬esþceTAq¶ayehIy¦ \sIeBaleRBaHehtuEdlRBH)aT

RBhµTtþesþceTAkan;brelak . bTfa RBhµTtþati knÞti ¬xSwkxSÜl

fa RBhµTtþ RBhµTtþ¦ esckþIfa RBHnagERskdegðayehAedayGMNac

esckþIesak eRBaHrBJkdl;RBHnamy:agenHfa {RBhµTtþ RBhµTtþ} .

bTfa RBhµTtþsS PTenþ RBhµTtþsS maris ¬bBiRtelak

-397- Gdækfa ]BVrIvKÁ erOg]BVr IeRbtTI 13

d¾ceRmIn>>> rbs;RBH)aTRBhµTtþ bBiRtelaknirTukç>>> rbs;RBH)aT

RBhµTtþ¦ GFib,ayfa {bBiRtRBHmhamunIGñkmankay nigcitþrYc

RsLH GñknirTukç enHCaemrumasrbs;RBH)aTRBhµTtþ RsIenHCaRBH

mehsIrbs;RBH)aTRBhµTtþGgÁenaHÉg sUmesckþIceRmIncUrmandl;

elak nigcUrmandl;RBH)aTRBhµTtþenaH RbeyaCn_suxrEmgmandl;

RBHGgÁCaFMenaH EdlsßitenAkñ úgbrelak edaykarKitdl;erOy²

nUvhitRbeyaCn_} .

lMdab;enaH tabsenaH luHsþab;Bakürbs;CnTaMgenaHehIy

edayGaRs½yesckþIGnueRKaH eTIbeTAkan;sMNak;rbs;RBHnag]BVrI

edIm,IbenÞabg;esckþIesakrbs;RBHnag]BVrI eTIb)aneBalKafafa

RBHraCaRTg;RBHnamfa RBhµTtþ RtÚvdutkñ úg

)a:qaenH 86>000 RBHGgÁehIy bNþaRBH)aTRBhµ-

TtþTaMgenaH RBHnagRTg;RBHkEnSgcMeBaHRBH)aTRBhµTtþ

GgÁNa .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa qLasItishsSani ¬86>000¦ man


esckþIfa rab;)an 86>000 RBHGgÁ . bTfa RBhµTtþsS namka

¬RBHnamfa RBhµTtþ¦ )andl; maneQµaHy:agenHfa RBhµTtþ .

bTfa etsM kmnuesacsi ¬bNþaRBH)aTRBhµTtþTaMgenaH RBHnag

RTg;RBHkEnSgcMeBaHRBHGgÁNa¦ esckþIfa RBHnagRTg;RBHkEnSgrk

RBH)aTRBhµTtþGgÁNa kñúgbNþaRBH)aTRBhµTtþEdlrab;)an 86>000

RBHGgÁenaH . tabssYrfa {RBHnagekItesckþIesak eRBaHGaRs½y

RBH)aTRBhµTtþGgÁNa?} .

RBHnag]BVrI RtÚvtabsenaHsYrehIyy:agenH kalnwgR)ab;

dl;RBH)aTRBhµTtþEdlxøÜnR)afña eTIbeBalKafafa

bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn RBHraCaRBHGgÁNa Ca

RBHraC»rsrbs;RBH)aTcULnI RTg;CaFMenAkñ úgEdn

bBa©alraC ´esakcMeBaHRBHraCaGgÁenaH EdlCa

RBHraCsVamI RTg;RbTanvtßúEdlKYrR)afñaRKb;y:ag .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa cULnIbuetþa ¬CaRBHraC»rsrbs;

RBH)aTcULnI¦ )andl; RBH»rsrbs;RBHraCaEdlRTg;RBHnamy:ag


enaH . bTfa sBVkamTM ¬RTg;RbTanvtß úEdlKYrR)afñaRKb;y:ag¦

)andl; EdlRTg;RbTanvtßúTaMgBYgEdlKYrCaTIR)afñadl;´ b¤Gñk[

vtßúEdlsBVstVRtÚvkar .

kalRBHnag]BVrI eBaly:agenHehIy tabseTIbeBalKafa

2 KafaeTotfa

RBHraCaRKb;RBHGgÁ RTg;RBHnamfa RBhµTtþ

dUcKña TaMgGs;suT§EtCaRBHraC»rsrbs;RBH)aTcULnI

CaFMenAkñúgEdnbBa©alraC RBHnagCaRBHmehsIrbs;

RBHraCaTaMgGs;enaH tamlMdab;mk eRBaHehtuGVI

RBHnaglHbg;RBHraCaRBHGgÁmun² mkRTg;RBHkEnSg

cMeBaHRBHraCaGgÁeRkayhñ+ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa seBVvaehsuM ¬RKb;RBHGgÁ¦ esckþI

fa RBHraCaTaMgGs;enaHrab;)an 86>000 RBHGgÁ CaRBHraC»rs

rbs;RBH)aTcULnI RBHnamfa RBhµTtþ )anCaFMkñ úgEdnbBa©al³ .

esckþIv iessmanPaBCaRBHraCa CaedImTaMgenH minEmnmansUm,IEt


RBHraCamYyRBHGgÁ kñ úgbNþaRBHraCaTaMgenaH .

bTfa mehsitþmkaryi¬1¦ ¬RBHnagCaRBHmehsI¦ esckþIfa

nag)aneFV ICaRBHGKÁmehsIrbs;RBHraCaTaMgGs;enaH tamlMdab; .

GFib,ayfa {dl;edaylMdab;} . edaybTfa ksµa ¬ehtuGVI¦ tabs

sYrfa {nagevorRBHraCaGgÁmun² kñúgbNþaRBHraCaTaMgenH Edlmin

manPaBviessedayKuN nigedayPaBCaRBHsVamI RTg;RBHkEnSg

dl;RBHraCaGgÁeRkay EtmYyRBHGgÁbu :eNÑaH eRBaHehtuGVI KW eday

ehtuGVI?} .

RBHnag]BVrI )ansþab;dUecñaHehIy ekItkarsøútRBHT½y eTIb

eBalKafanwgtabseTotfa

bBiRtelakGñknirTukç ´ekItCaRsIGs;kal

d¾yUrb:ueNÑaHb¤ b¤ekItCabursxøH elakeBalEtkal

Edl´CaRsI kñ úgsgSard¾eRcIn .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Gatuem ¬´¦ KW kalxøÜn . bTfa

1¦ bidk = mehsitþ M Gkaryi .


\tßIP Utay ERbfa ekItCaRsI . bTfa TIXrtþay ERbfa Gs;kal

d¾yUr . BitehIy kñúgRbkarenH manGFib,aydUecñHfa {kalékIt

CamnusSRsI k¾Kg;CamnusSRsIGs;kalbu:eNÑaH b¤fa k¾CamnusS

Rbús)anxøH . bTfa ysSa em \tßiP Utay ¬karEdlĆaRsI¦

esckþIfa bBiRtRBHmhamunI elakeBaldl; KW eBaldl;GMBIkal

EdlĆaRsI CamehsI kñúgsgSarCaeRcInEtbu:eNÑaH . mü:ageTot

)alIfa Gahu em \tßiPUtay dUecñHk¾man . bNþabTTaMgenaH sBÞ

fa Ga Cani)at eRbIkñúgGnusSrNtß³ . bTfa Gahu em esckþI

fa ´)anrBJkdl; KW )andwgTUeTAdl;RbkarenH . manvacaRbkbfa

{kalĆaRsI KW ekItCamnusSRsI ékIteTAmk² Gs;kalRtwm

bu:eNÑH edayGakary:agenH . eRBaHehtuGV I? eRBaHkalĆaRsI

elak)ansßabnaĆamehsIrbs;RBHraCaRKb;RBHGgÁedaylMdab; .

bBiRtRBHmhamunI elak)aneBaldl;´kñ úgsgSarCaeRcInb¤?} .

tabsluH)ansþab;dUecñaHehIy kalnwgsEmþgfa {karkMNt;

BitR)akdenH minmankñ úgsgSarfa RsIk¾enAEtCaRsI Rbúsk¾enAEtCa


RbúsenaHeT eTIbeBalKafafa

RKaxøHRBHnagekItCaRsI RKaxøHk¾ekItCaRbús

RKaxøHk¾ekItkñúgkMeNItbsustV TIbMputénGtþPaBTaMg

LayEdlCaGtIt rEmgminR)akdy:agenH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Ghu \tßI Ghu buriesa ¬CaRsI

CaRbús¦ esckþIfa RKaxøHnagk¾ekItCaRsI RKaxøHk¾ekItCaRbús nwg

CaRsI b¤CaRbúsEtmü:agbu :eNÑaHk¾minman edayBit ekItkñ úgkMeNIt

bsustVxøH KW RKaxøHk¾eTAkan;Pav³CabsustVxøH KW RKaxøHk¾ekItkñúg

kMeNItstVtircäanxøH . bTfa ÉvemtM GtItanM briyenþa n TisSti

¬TIbMputénGtþPaBTaMgLayEdlCaGtIt rEmgminR)akddUecñH¦ man

esckþIfa TIbMputénGtþPaBEdlCaGtIt EdlekItCaRsI CaRbús nig

CastVtircäanCaedIm y:agenH KW tamEdleBalehIyenH rEmgmin

R)akddl;GñkeXIjedayjaNckçú KW edayesckþIBüayamFM sRmab;

RBHGgÁ KW Etmü:agbu:eNÑaH k¾minEmn edayBit TIbMputénGtþPaBrbs;

BYkstVEdlvilvl;enAkñúgsgSarTaMgGs; rEmgminR)akd KW dwgmin

)an . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaKeTIbRtas;fa


mñalPikç úTa MgLay sgSarenHminmanTIbMput

xagcug nigxagedIm EdlnrNa² dwgmin)an xag

edIm nigxagcugrbs;BYkstVGñkmanGviC¢aCaeRKOgbiT

)aMg cgedaytNða GenÞaleTA Rtac;rgÁat;eTA rEmg

minR)akd .

RBHmehsI )ansþab;Fm’EdlRBHtabsenaH kalnwgRbkas

dl;sgSarminmanTIbMput nigstVmankmµCarbs;xøÜn sEmþgTukehIy

y:agenH k¾manhb£T½ytk;søútkñ úgsgSar nigmancitþRCHføakñ úgFm’

R)ascaknUvkUnsr KW esckþIesak kalnwgRbkasesckþIRCHføa

nigkarR)ascakesckþIesakrbs;xø Ün eTIbeBalKafa 3 Kafafa

elakrMlt;esckþIRkvl;RkvayTaMgBYgrbs;´

GñkekþARkhay[vinas dUcCabuKÁlykTwklt;ePøIg

EdleqHqñaMgxøaj; dUecñaH elakbenÞabg;esckþIesak

´eRBaHRBHsVamI EdlmanesckþIesakRKbsgát;ehIy

dk)anehIyhñ+ nUvkUnsr KW esckþIesak Edlmut

Rtg;hb£T½yrbs;´ BiRtelakCamunI ´CaGñkmankUn


sr KW esckþIesakEdldkeLIg)anehIy CaGñk

RtCak;s¶b;ehIy ´Elgesak ElgTYjyMeTotehIy

eRBaH)ansþab;Bakürbs;elak .

esckþIénKafaenaH ´)aneBalehIykñúgxageRkayenaHÉg .

\LÚvenH RBHsasþa kalnwgRTg;sEmþgvtþbdibtþirbs;RBHnag

]BVrI EdlmanRBHhb£T½ytk;søút eTIb)anRtas;nUvRBHKafa 4 RBH

Kafafa

RBHnag]BVr Isþab;BaküCasuPasitenaH rbs;

tabsCasmN³enaHehIy kan;)aRt nigcIvr ecj

bYsCabBVCit luHecjbYsehIy ceRmInemtþacitþ

edIm,IcUldl;RBhµelak RBHnag]BVr IenaH carikeTA

kan;RsúkmYydl;RsúkmYy kan;niKm nigraCFanITaMg Lay RBHnagsuKt kñúgRsúk]ruevla RBHnagenOy

NaykñúgPaBCaRsI ceRmInemtþacitþ edIm,IekItkñ úg

RBhµelak k¾)anCaGñkcUldl;RBhµelak .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa tsS )andl; tabsenaH . bTfa


suPasitM ¬suPasit¦ )andl; BaküEdlCasuPasit . GFib,ay

fa nUvFm’ . bTfa bBVCita snþa ¬luHecjbYsehIy¦ )andl;

cUldl;bBVC¢a b¤bYsehIy CaGñkmankayvacas¶b; . edaybTfa

emtþcitþ M ¬emtþacitþ¦ enH RBHnag]BVrIeBaldl;citþEdlekItRBmnwg

emtþa KW QanEdlmanemtþaCaGarmµN_ edayelIkcitþeLIgCaRbFan .

bTfa RBhµelakUbbtþiya ¬edIm,IcUldl;RBhµelak¦ esckþIfa k¾

RBHnag]BVrIkalceRmInemtþacitþenaH k¾ceRmInedIm,IcUldl;RBhµelak

minEmnedIm,ICa)aTénvibsSnaCaedIm . BitehIy kalRBHBuT§RTg;

minTan;]b,tþi tabs nigbriBVaCkGñkceRmInFm’manRBhµviharCaedIm

k¾ceRmInRtwmEtedIm,IPvsm,tþibu :eNÑaH .

bTfa Kama KamM ¬eTAkan;RsúkmYydl;RsúkmYy¦ )andl;

GMBIRsúkmYyeTAkan;RsúkmYy . bTfa GaPaevtVa ERbfa ceRmIn ehIy KW eFVI[kBUnehIy . GacarüxøHeBalfa GPaevtVa k¾man .

G GkSr rbs;bTfa GPaevtVa rbs;GacarüBYkxøHenaH k¾RtwmEtCa

ni)at . bTfa \tßicitþM viraeCtVa ¬enOyNaykñúgPaBCaRsI¦ esckþI

fa R)askarKit KW karmanGFüaRs½y )andl; esckþIeBjcitþkñúg


PaBCaRsI KW CaGñkmancitþR)ascakesckþIeRtkGrkñúgPaBCaRsI .

bTfa RBhµelakUbKa ¬cUldl;RBhµelak¦ esckþIfa )anCaGñkcUl

dl;RBhµelakedaykarbdisn§i . Baküd¾essgayyl;TaMgGs;

eRBaHmann½ydUceBalehIykñúgxageRkay .

RBHsasþa kalRTg;naMRBHFm’eTsnaenHmkehIy RTg;)aneFVI

esckþIesakrbs;])asikaenaH[Cactusc©eTsnaxagelI . kñúgevla

cb;sc©³ ])asikaenaHk¾taMgenAkñ úgesatabtþipl . RBHFm’eTsna

enaH k¾)anCaRbeyaCn_dl;bris½TmkRbCuMKñakñ úgTIenaH edayRbkar

dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa ]BVrIebtivtßúTI 13

sruber]gkñúgóBVr IvK<TI 2 man 13 er]g

1- erOgsMsaremackeRbt 2-erOgeRbtCamataénRBHsarIb ut þ 3-erOgnagmtþaeRbt 4-erOgnnÞaeRbt 5-erOgmdæk uNÐlIeRbt 6- erOgkNðeRbt 7-erOgFn)aleRbt 8-erOgcULesdæ IeRbt 9-erOgGgá úreRbt 10-erOgnag]tþrmatuRbt 11- erOgsutþeRbt 12-erOgkNÑmuNÐeRbt 13- erOg]B Vr IeRbt .

s t r

raynamsb,úrsCn

cUlrYmksagKm<IrGdækfa 3

-elakRKÚGKÁbNÐit b‘ut savgS >>>>>>>>> $ 2.000 USA -])sk esam rtn³ RBmTaMgPriya

butþ nigecA >>>>>>>>> $ 5.00 USA -])sk taMg supl ])sika Lúg ekn

RBmTaMgbutþ nigecA >>>>>>>>> $ 2.00 USA -kumarI taMg sumavtI >>>>>>>>> $ 1.00 USA -ecARsI v:an; ]tþra

v:an; v:anILa >>>>>>>>> $ 1.00 USA v:an; sahVIy:a

-])sk taMg qay RBmTaMgbutþ nigecA >>>>>>>>> $ 50 USA -])sika taMg pløa ])sika taMg suIfa

RBmTaMgbutþ nigecA >>>>>>>>> $ 50 USA

3

eqµah brmtßtibni...

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