eps autumn 2012 energy village project members: rudy chambon vincent fulcheri kristian granqvist...

EPS Autumn 2012Energy VillageProject members:Rudy ChambonVincent FulcheriKristian GranqvistXavier Agustí SánchezMiguel Angel Huerta Arocas

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Table of contents

• Introduction• Project overview• Komossa• Building classification• Energy sources

• Wind energy• Solar energy• Biomass• Geothermal

• Insulation• Conclusion

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Introduction• Vincent Fulcheri

• France

• Miguel Angel Huerta Arocas• Spain

• Xavier Agustí Sanchez• Spain

• Kristian Granqvist• Finland

• Rudy Chambon• The Netherlands

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Project overview

• Name: Energy Village• Duration: 4th September 2012 – 17th December

2012• Location: Komossa• Given goal: “Make a plan to provide Komossa

with renewable energy in a self-sufficient way”• Supervisors: Niklas Frände and Roger Nylund

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Own picture

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Komossa

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• Location: 60 km of Vaasa• Municipality of Vörå• Ostrobothnian region

• Area: 28 km²• Population: 120 people in 45 houses• Total consumption: 1 286 kWh

• Hill Hoppamäki

Own picture http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/V%C3%B6yri.sijainti.suomi.2011.svg

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Building classificationSmall Medium Large

Surface < 120 m² 120 – 200 m² > 200 m²

Electricity usage

2000 – 5000 kWh

5000 – 10.000 kWh

> 10.000 kWh

Heating usage 5000 – 10.000 kWh

15000 – 30.000 kWh

> 30.000 kWh

Types of buildings

One-family housesBlock of flats

Two-family housesOther buildings

Animal farmsFur farms

Percentage 48 % 36 % 16 %

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Own graph

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Wind Energy - General Information• Wind power is in the interest of the village

• Several ways of wind power that can provide Komossa with green energy:• Classic big wind turbine • Small wind turbine

• Wind power has the highest energy potential in Komossa

• Also in the rest of Finland wind power is a good solution

• What is a wind turbine?

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Wind Energy - Energy Potential• Two studies • Aim : Confirm the wind potential Get more details about wind conditions

• Finnish Wind Atlas • Wind speed • Icing parameters• Weibull parameters

• Installation of a wind sensor• On a 13 m elevation

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Wind Energy - Costs and Payback• Big wind turbines

• Total electricity use in Komossa : 1 286 MWh/year• Information about the turbine:

• Annual production : 1 570 MWh/year• Lifetime ≈ 20 years

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Investment cost 955 000 €Maintenance 377 000 €Total expense 1 332 000 €

Subsidies 64 400 € /yearCost generated by the WP 125 600 € /year

Total gain 190 000 € /year

Payback time Total expense/ Total gain 7 years

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Wind Energy - Costs and Payback• Small wind turbines

• Capacity of production

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Users Small Medium LargeElectricity used 100% 100%

100%100%

Heating used 65% 0% 0%

Investment cost 20 000 €

Annual energy savings

80 %

Payback time ≈ 11 years

Small Users


Annual energy cost savings

1 450 €

Payback time < 14 years

Medium Users - Electricity



3 150 €


Medium Users- Electricy & Heating



4 350 €


Large Users

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Wind Energy - Conclusion• Big wind turbines

• Wind speed is very high and the payback time is short• Investment costs seem too high for a village of 120 inhabitants

This project is preferred to be done on a regional scale

• Small wind turbines• Small users: Best option

• 48% of houses in Komossa• Good payback time• 80% energy saving

• Medium and large users: Preferable to use heating systems

• Electricity is only ¼ of the total consumption• Biomass & Geothermal seem cheaper

• A study of wind speed at a low elevation needs to be done

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Solar energy - General Information

• Few years ago solar energy was only in warm zones in the south.

• Now with new technologies it is also possible to install it in colder areas

• Factors affecting the solar energy:• Month of the year• Solar irradiance• Useful daylight hours• Temperature

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Own

http://www.kalipedia.com/

Solar energy - Energy PotentialSolar Panels• Used to generate electricity• Installation is isolated from

the net• The energy produced is

stored in batteries• It oversized the installation

in order to have days of autonomy

• Sized for an average user• Not suitable to install

Solar Collectors• Used to heat fluids• Installation with a large number

of components• Different installation

configurations• Hot water is stored in a storage

tank• Has an energy support system• Sized for 3 different types of

users• Suitable to install

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http://www.mebtotal.co.uk/ http://www.google.com/patents/EP1450109B1?cl=en

Solar energy - Production and Compsuption

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Solar energy - Costs and Payback

Investment cost 26000-24000 €


1300 €

Payback time 15-16 years

Investment cost 12000 -13000 €


850 €

Payback time 13 -14 years



450 €


Medium User

Small User

Large User

Solar Collector



570 €


Solar Panels

Average User

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http://www.measuredmarketing.us

Solar energy - Conclusion• Solar collectors are able to cover the needs imposed.

• The best efficiency is to medium users installations.

• Solar panels are not suitable for one household.

• Good for summer cottages.

• Solar energy will have more efficiency in future.

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http://permaculturenews.org/

Biomass - General Information

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• Finland is one of the world’s leading countries in biomass energy

• Biomass can be used directly (direct combustion), or converted to different types of fuels: bio fuels or biogas

• Today, wood is the main source of biomass energy• Wood is an existing energy source in Komossa,

existing technology and experience• Large potential to use more wood for energy

production

https://www.metsamaailma.fi http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puupolttoaine

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Biomass - Energy Potential

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Type Growth / year

Area Energy

Theoretical potential / area / year

Total / year

Wood 5,6 m3/ha 500 ha

2,1 MWh/m3 11,8 MWh/ha 6000 MWh

Reed canary grass

4 - 5 ton/ha

400 ha

4 MWh/ton

16 - 20 MWh/ha

6400 - 8000 MWh

Industrial Hemp

6 - 10 ton/ha

400 ha

4,8 MWh/ton

30 - 50 MWh/ha

12 000 - 20 000 MWh

Salix 7 - 10 ton/ha

400 ha

5,0 MWh/ton

35 - 50 MWh/ha

14 000 - 20 000 MWh

Straw 3 - 4 ton/ha

400 ha

4,8 MWh/ton

14 - 19 MWh/ha

5 600 - 7600 MWh 18

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Biomass - Investment costs

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5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Firewood burning boiler: Wood pellet heating: Wood chip heating:

€

Investment size, Group 1. Small

Investment size, Group 2. Medium

Investment size, Group 3. Large

• The investment costs for three common heating systems have been calculated for the three different energy user groups:

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Biomass - Payback calculations

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• Example: Medium energy user, 30 000 kWh / year for heating

• Upgrading from existing oil heating system• Today's fuel/energy prizes, interest rate: 4% used

in calculations

Firewoo

dWood

pelletsWood

chips

Oil heating

Total investment costs 6000 10500 18300 - €

Annual Costs 1100 1700 1000 4500 €

Annual savings 3400 2900 3500 - €

Payback time 5 13 10 - Years

Biomass - Conclusion

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• Wood fuels: a good energy alternative for Komossa

• Generally makes a good economical heating solution

• Rising energy prices may make biomass fuels an even more important economical solution in the future

• Many different factors to consider when changing or building new heating system

• Firewood heating systems: relatively low investment costs, low fuel cost and short payback time

• Wood pellet and wood chips: good automatic systems, larger investment costs, economical if the heating need is large enough

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Geothermal energy – General infoHow it works

Heat extraction as steam, hot water or energy stored from the ground

Common usesElectricity productionDirect use ( Hot water )Heat pumps

Common installationsBoreholesHorizontal

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Geothermal energy - Potential

• Able to produce more than 4 times the heating production as electricity consumption

• The electricity bill can be reduced minimum 75%

• Finland is a cold country also in the ground. That is the reason why the borehole is deeper than other countries

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geothermalheatingandcoolingreview.com

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Geothermal energy – Investment costs

Price of the most important elements

Heat PumpSmall (6kW) ~ 5,200€ Medium (14kW) ~ 6,800€ Large (20kW) ~ 7,000€

Cost of the installation Vertical

Drilling costs = 35€/m Horizontal

Is needed a surface between 1.5 and 2 times the surface to be heated

Trenching cost = 17€/m2Piping = 6.2€/m

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Geothermal energy – Costs and payback

The geothermal solutions for the users in Komossa are as the follows:

Horizontal

Borehole

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Investment costs Life cycle Payback time

Small user 7,8oo € 25 years 11 years

Medium user 10,600 € 25 years 6 years

Big user 22,ooo € 25 years 9 years

Investment costs Life cycle Payback time

Small user 9,5oo € 25 years 15 years

Medium user 16,800 € 25 years 11 years

Big user 31,3ooo € 25 years 13 years

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Geothermal energy - Conclusion

Good points• Very few maintenance• Short installation time• Uninterrupted heating production• No space needed to store the fuel

Bad points• Needs a power supplier to work• Surface needs to install horizontal geothermal

engine• The heating distribution may change

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Insulation - General information• Easy way to save energy and money• 3 possible insulation types• Creates a healthier living environment• Helps the environment

• Passive house• 10 times more energy efficient• No extra heating is needed

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http://www.lowenergyhouse.com/

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Insulation - Energy savings

• Window insulation• € 45 /m²/year• 20 m² of window• Total savings: € 900 /year

• Cavity wall insulation• € 13.5 /m²/year• 160 m² of wall• Total savings: € 2100 /year

• Ceiling insulation• € 12 /m²/year• 140 m² of roof• Total savings: € 1700 /year 28

http://blog.darlingsofchelsea.co.uk/

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Insulation - Investment costs

• Window insulation• € 150 /m²• Total investment € 3000

• Cavity wall insulation• € 27 /m²• Total investment € 4300

• Ceiling insulation• € 26 /m²• Total investment € 3700

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http://www.cpa.state.tx.us/

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Insulation – Payback timePer year: Window: Cavity

wall:Ceiling: Total:

Surface 20 m² 160 m² 140 m² 320 m²

Saving per m² €45 €13.5 €12 €70.5

Total saving per house

€900 €2100 €1700 €4700

Investment per m² €150 €27 €26 €203

Total investment per house

€3000 €4300 €3700 €11000

Payback time 3 years5 months

2 years2 months

2 years3 months

2 years6 months

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Own table

• Payback time calculation:• Investment costs include labor and material costs• Yearly interest of 4%

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Insulation - Conclusion

• Easy to install (DIY)

• Applicable to all houses

• High investment costs

• High savings per year

• Relatively low payback time

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http://4.bp.blogspot.com/

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General conclusion – Small usersElectricity and

heatInvestment costs Life cycle Payback time

Wind Power + Boiler + Installation

21.000 € 20 - 25 years 8 – 11 years

Heat Investment costs Life cycle Payback time

Biomass Firewood 4.000 – 5.000 € 30 years 6 – 20 yearsBiomass Wood

Pellets6.000 – 7.000 € 15 – 25 years 17 + years

Biomass Wood Chips

10.000 – 15.000 € 15 – 25 years 17 + years

Solar Collectors 11.000 – 12.000 € 25-30 years 16 – 17 yearsGeothermal Horizontal

8.000 € 25 years 11 years

Geothermal Vertical


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• Wind power is the best solution to cover the electricity and heating needs

• Firewood is the best solution for heating only

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General conclusion – Medium users

Electricity Investment costs Life cycle Payback timeWind Power 16.000 € 20 - 25 years ≈ 14 years

Electricity and

heatInvestment costs Life cycle Payback time

Wind Power 35.000 € 20 - 25 years ≈ 14 years

Heat Investment costs Life cycle Payback timeBiomass Firewood 6.000 – 7.000 € ≈ 30 years 5 – 8 years

Biomass Wood Pellets

≈ 10.000 € 20 – 25 years 13 + years

Biomass Wood Chips

16.000 – 19.000 € 20 – 25 years 10 – 20 years

Solar Collectors 15.000 – 16.000 € 25 – 30 years 13 – 14 yearsGeothermal Horizontal


Geothermal Vertical

17.000 € 25 years 11 years

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• The biomass firewood boiler and the geothermal installation are good options for heating

• Wind power is not a good solution to generate electricity for medium users

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General conclusion – Large users

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Electricity Investment costs Life cycle Payback timeWind Power 24.500 € 20 - 25 years ≈ 9 years

Heat Investment costs Life cycle Payback time

Biomass Firewood 9.000 – 10.000 € ≈ 30 years 4 – 6 yearsBiomass Wood

Pellets≈ 15.000 € 20 – 25 years 9 – 18 years

Biomass Wood Chips

≈ 25.000 € 20 – 25 years 7 – 15 years

Solar Collectors 24.000 – 26.000 € 25 – 30 years 15 – 16 yearsGeothermal Horizontal


Geothermal Vertical

31.000 € 25 years 13 years

• Wind power is a good solution if the user has an existing heating system

If not it is preferable to choose another heating system • Biomass firewood is the best solution for heating only

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Thank you for your attentionWe welcome your questions and suggestions

35http://www.bhmpics.com

eps autumn 2012 energy village project members: rudy chambon vincent fulcheri kristian granqvist...

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