epithelia comes in 2 forms: 1.glandular epithelia 2.membranous epithelia functions: protection...
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Epithelia comes in 2 forms:1. Glandular epithelia 2. Membranous epithelia
Functions:• Protection• Absorption• Filtration• Excretion• Secretion• Sensory reception
Exocrine Glandducted glands
Exocrine Glandducted glands
Merocrine gland Holocrine gland
Goblet cells
Secretes product directly directly in blood
Secretes product through duct
• Simple Squamous Epithelium• Simple Cuboidal Epithelium• Simple Columnar Epithelium• Stratified Epithelium• Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium• Transitional Epithelium
Simple Squamous EpitheliumSimple Squamous Epithelium
Function: gas exchange in lungsLocation: lines blood vessels, lymph vessels and various membranes within the thorax and abdomen
Simple Squamous CellsSimple Squamous Cells
Frog skin
Simple Cuboidal Simple Cuboidal EpitheliumEpithelium
Function: secretion and absorption
Location: kidney tubules
Simple Cuboidal Simple Cuboidal EpitheliumEpithelium
Mammalian kidney
Simple Columnar Simple Columnar EpitheliumEpithelium
Function: protection, secretion and absorption (associated w/goblet cells-exocrine) Location: lines uterus and digestive tract
Simple Columnar Simple Columnar EpitheliumEpithelium
1. Smooth muscle (long. layer) 2. Smooth muscle (circ. layer) 3. Simple columnar epithelium 4. Goblet cell 5. Lumen of the intestine
Cross section of small intestine
Stratified Squamous Stratified Squamous EpitheliumEpithelium
Function: protects underlying cells from harmful env. effects
Location: covers skin, lines mouth and throat, vagina, and anal canal
Stratified Squamous Stratified Squamous EpitheliumEpithelium
1. Stratified squamous epithelium 2. Lumen of the esophagus 3. Connective tissue
Cross section of esophagus
Epidermis of the Epidermis of the SkinSkin
cornified layer of dead cellscornified layer of dead cells
stratified squamous epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
Pseudostratified Columnar Pseudostratified Columnar EpitheliumEpithelium
goblet cellgoblet cell
Function: secretion and propulsion of mucus
Location: lines respiratory and reproductive system
Stratified columnar
Function: protection and secretion
Location: rare in body, small amount in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands
Transitional
Function: stretches
Location: lines ureters, bladder and part of urethra
Tight Junction • fluid tight seal • prevents fluid from leaving a cavity
Anchoring Junction (adherens, desmosome &
hemidesmosome) • tissues that stretch, ex. Heart muscle
Gap Junction
• passage of chemical & electrical signals
Contact points between the plasma membrane of tissue cells.
Gap Junction
Hemidesmosome Desmosome Adherens
Tight Junction
Connective TissuesConnective Tissues
• Loose Connective Tissue• Dense Connective Tissue• Adipose Tissue• Cartilage• Bone• Blood
Connective TissuesConnective TissuesFunctions:1. Connects body parts2. Protection3. Insulation4. Transport substances
Common characteristics:1. All originate from mesenchyme2. Well vascularized3. Extracellular matrix
Three main elements:1. Ground substance2. Fibers3. Cells
Loose Connective TissueLoose Connective Tissue
Embryonic Connective Tissue
Loose Connective TissueLoose Connective Tissue(areolar)(areolar)
1. Collagen fiber2. Elastic fiber
Location: lymphoid organs- spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow
Adipose TissueAdipose Tissue
Adipose TissueAdipose Tissue
Dense Connective Dense Connective TissueTissue
Dense Regular Connective Dense Regular Connective TissueTissue
Cross section of tendon
CartilageCartilage
Hyaline Hyaline CartilageCartilage
Costal cartilage between ribs
Elastic Elastic CartilageCartilage
chondrocytes in lacunaechondrocytes in lacunae
elastic fiberselastic fibers
FibrocartilageFibrocartilage
chondrocyte chondrocyte in lacunain lacuna
collagen collagen fibersfibers
Invertebral discs, pubic symphysis, disks of knees
BoneBone
Compact Compact bonebone
spongy spongy bonebone
Compact BoneCompact Bone
Compact BoneCompact Bone
osteocytes osteocytes in lacunaein lacunae
central central canalcanal
canaliculi canaliculi in matrixin matrix
BloodBlood
erythrocyteserythrocytesleukocytesleukocytes
Muscle TissuesMuscle Tissues
• Skeletal Muscle Tissue• Smooth Muscle Tissue• Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle TissueTissue
Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle TissueTissue
Smooth Muscle TissueSmooth Muscle Tissue
Smooth Muscle TissueSmooth Muscle Tissue
Cardiac Muscle Cardiac Muscle TissueTissue
Cardiac Muscle TissueCardiac Muscle Tissue
Nervous Nervous TissueTissue
Biology 100Biology 100Human BiologyHuman Biology
Main Body Cavities
Planes of Symmetry
Distal
Proximal
Frontal plane
Posterior
AnteriorMidsagittalplane
Transverse plane
Superior
Inferior
Medial & Lateral
oblique
Organ Systems
Organ Systems
The Skin as an Organ
Protection- mechanical, chemical, bacterial
Cooling the body
Prevent water loss
Synthesize vitamin D
Sensation
Function
The SkinThe Skin
An organ, cells constantly dying and being replaced
Facts:Weighs 9-11 lbs
s.a. = 1.5-2m2
1 cm2 has 70 cm blood vessels, 55 cmnerves, 100 sweat glands, 15 oil glands, 230 sensory receptors
New skin produced in 25-45 days
The Epidermis
The Language of Anatomy
1. What are the four types of planes that may be passed through the body?
2. Is the radius proximal to the humerus? 3. Is the esophagus anterior to the trachea? 4. Are the ribs superficial to the lungs?5. Is the urinary bladder medial to the
ascending colon? 6. Is the sternum lateral to the descending
colon?7. A mature bone cell is called ____?
Inquiry
1. What is the difference between the three types of muscle tissue?
2. What type of epithelia tissue has many layers of flattened cells?
3. What layer in the epidermis are new skin cells produced?
4. What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
5. Which organ system includes the thymus and pancreas?