IV. EPISTEMOLOGYHow to get the right

knowledgeGroup 4Khoirunnisa (2nd speaker)Meidiana Eka Putri (3rd speaker)Zelvia Liska Afriani (1st speaker)

NEEDLE HISTORY OF KNOWLEDGE

THE AGE OF REASON

The concept of similarity changes into diversity.

The knowledge tree: What do you know? How do we know? What is the knowledge for?

EPISTEMOLOGYEPISTEME = KNOWLEDGE

LOGOS = SCIENCE“It is the branch of philosophy which

investigates the origin, structure, methods and validity of knowledge”. (Runnes)

“It is the study of knowledge and of how knowledge is gained”. (Van Cleve Morris)

HOW IS KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED?

Knowledge is empirically gained based on common sense which is supported by trial and error method.

The characteristics of common sense:

Habitual and repetition (culture)Vague Untested (assumption)

Experiment Method

• Basically, all kinds of knowledge answer all kinds of questions that is being given.

• Epistemology How to build a right knowledge? scientific method How?

Knowledge

Science

Know, find out, and understand

Gain, obtain, and learn

Analyze

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

What is scientific method?

What is method?

What is methodology?

What is scientific methodology?

What is epistemology?

Van Peursen divides cultural development into three stages:

1. Mystical Stage

2. Ontological Stage

3. Functional Stage

Two Requirement of Scientific Theories

Consistant with the previous theory

Match with the empirical

facts

1 2

The Stages in Scientific Activities

1. The formulation of problem2. The preparation of the framework in

proposing hypotheses.3. The formulation of the hypotheses4. The hypotheses testing5. Conclusion

The Structure of

Scientific Knowledge

Based on scientific method, knowledge have requirements

1. It must be consistence2. It must be empiris

Science is cumulative

scientific knowledge essentially has three functions :

To Describe

To Predict To Control

In general, there are four types of patterns of explanation

Deductive Probabilistic

Functional Genetic

Theory is scientific knowledge which gives an explanation of what happened

The law is to provide the ability to predict what will happen

Theory and law are universal

ReferencesBranch. (n.d.). The basics of philosophy.

Retrieved from http://www.philosophybasics.com/branch_epistemology.html

Suriasumantri, J.S. (2009). Filsafat ilmu sebuah pengantar populer. Jakarta: PT. Penebar Swadaya.

Wikipedia. (n.d.) Epistemology. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology