episode20 aaas presentation sfsu august 2009

8/3/2019 Episode20 AAAS Presentation SFSU August 2009

1/16

PRESENTATIONANDDISCUSSION

PHYSICS3.0: WHYCOMPUTERSCIENCEWILLLEADTHENEXT

PHYSICSREVOLUTION

STEVENBRYANT

AMERICANASSOCIATIONFORTHEADVANCEMENTOFSCIENCE(AAAS)

PACIFICDIVISIONCONFERNCE

SANFRANCISCOSTATEUNIVERSITY

SANFRANCISCO,CALIFORNIA

AUGUST18,2009


2/16

Agenda

Why Correcting the Problem Leads to an

Easier Theory and Better Math Results

Math and Conceptual Mistakes and Why

They Havent Been Caught Before

A Brief Look Back on the History ofMoving Systems Equations


3/16

A. Einstein

Introduced Special

Relativity

SRT explains Michelson-

Morley result as

experimental error

Introduces the concept

and math associated withTime Dilation

Experiment to measure

Earth Velocity of 30 km/s

around the sun

Only detected between

5-8 km/s

Experiment is thought to

be correct

Michelson & Morley

Wanted to explain the

Michelson-Morley

experimental result

Introduces the concept

and math associated

with Length

Contraction

H.A. Lorentz

Historyof

Moving

Systems

Equations

1905 Now1887 1895 1904

LOTS of experiments

that support SRT

Modern navigation and

position systems based

on SRT principles and

mathematics

20th

Century

TheExistingModels,suchas

SRT,arewelltestedand

producereallygoodresults.

Key

Finding

Howanymistakecouldgo

undetected foracenturyand

whatdifferencedoesitmake.

Must

Explain


4/16

TheUndetected

Problem

Wemakethesamemistaketoday,in2009,thatwehavemadefora centuryand

thispreventsusfromeasilydetectingtheproblem.

In physics, the wavelength of asinusoidal wave is the spatialperiod of the wave the distanceover which the wave's shaperepeats.

, the wavelength of a 100 MHzelectromagnetic (radio) wave isabout: 3108 m/s divided by100106 Hz = 3 meters.

Source: Wikipedia, August 2009

If you study waves, you will find that wavelength and frequency are relatedby an equation

Speed of the wave = Frequency x Wavelength

Source: Nasa.Gov Website, August 2009

wavelength can be converted into a frequency by the formula

frequency in Hertz = 300,000,000 /

where the Greek letter lambda, , means wavelength in meters, ....

Source: QST Magazine, September 2009


5/16

DistinguishingTypes

Rates,suchasMilesPerHour,aredifferentthanMeasures,such asMiles.

I live in Oakland, which we can see is 60miles per hour from San Francisco StateUniversity.

Speedometer

Quiz: Which of the followingstatements is true?

A. 60 Miles Per Hour is Greater Than 60Miles

B. 60 Miles Per Hour is The Same as 60Miles

C. 60 Miles Per Hour is Less Than 60Miles

D. None of the above

Generally,we

would

not

mistake

aRate,suchasMilesPerHour,as

aMeasure,suchasMiles.

Key

Finding

DoesourAnswerchangeifI lookat

my

speedometer

and

say

I

live

60

milesfromSFSU?

Key

Question


6/16

Rates

(

MilesPerHour)

Measure

(Miles)

DistinguishingTypes

60 Miles

60 Miles Per Hour

= 120 MilesPer Hour

IfRatesaremathematicallytreatedasMeasures,wecangetthewronganswers.

San Francisco, California San Jose, California

= 120 Miles

Added = 120 miles

Averaged = 60 mph

60 Miles

60 Miles Per Hour


7/16

DistinguishingTypes

(Continued)

Frequency

Is the Number of Cycles that occurs in someamount of time, usually one second, and is mostoften expressed in Hertz

Wavelength

Is the Length of One Cycle of a given Frequencyand is almost exclusively expressed in Meters

Equation

Cycles per unit of time

Length of One Cycle

*fv =

s

m

s

c

c

m

Wavelength,,isaRate,expressedasMeters PerCycle,isdifferentfrom

Length,whichisaMeasure givenin

Meters.

Key

Finding

Wavelength,suchasMetersPerCycle,isdifferentthanLength,suchasMeters.


8/16

DistinguishingTypes(Continued):WatchOut!

Imagine a mirror is held 300,000,000

meters from a light source. A light isdirected at the mirror at frequency f Hz.

How many cycles are between the lightsource and the mirror?

Now the mirror reflects the light back

to the light source. How many cycles are between the light

source and the mirror?

How many cycles are there in thisround trip journey light source tomirror to light source?

What is the frequency? What is the wavelength?

Number of Cycles

1 Second = Hz

1 Cycle = Wavelength

Number of Meters

Number of Cycles

2 Seconds (not Hz)

Number of Meters

2 Cycles (not Wavelength)

FrequencyandWavelengthsareRates

WavelengthshouldbeAveraged insteadofAdded

Mistreating

Wavelength

for

Length

can

produce

incorrect

results TheMichelsonMorleyAlgorithmAdded insteadofAveraging

Key

Finding

MistreatingWavelengthforLengthcanleadtomistakesinMoving Systems

algorithms.


9/16

InEinsteinsFunction,,

canyouidentifythelocal

andglobalvariables?

Key

Question

Definition

Invocation

( )120

2

1

0

22

2

1

))(,0,0,0(

),0,0,(

),0,0,0(

)Real,Real,Real,Real(

=+

+

+

+=

+=

=

=

vc

x

vc

xt

vc

xtx

t

vc

xvttzyx

Usage

DistinguishingFunctions

isaFunctionandFunctionsmustbehandleddifferentlythanEquations:Functionscanhavelocalvariablesandmustbeinvoked.

--Invocation

Simplification

Global Variables

--Local Variables

--Optimization

Definition

FunctionsEquationsFeature

Source: A. Einstein, 1905

means required.

* For todays discussion, ignore the global t variable in each function invocation and V is replaced with c.

Functionsshouldbe writtenwith

formalsignatures toavoidconfusing

themwithequationsandtoclearly

definelocalvariables.

Note


10/16

Three ways to find (or the average) of

the total:

Add to and divide by 2

Subtract from

Add to

22vc

xv

22vc

xv

vc

x

vc

x

+

vc

x

+

vc

x

What Does Einsteins () Function do?ReverseEngineering,usingEinsteinsfive()functioninvocations,tellsuswhatthefunctiondoes:ItanswersthequestionWhatistheaverageofthe

ApproachingandRecedingDopplershifts?

22

2

221

'''),0,0,(

vc

cx

vc

vx

vc

xc

vc

xxcc

=

=

==

Einstein()functionfindsthe

averageofanApproachingand

RecedingDopplershifts

Key

Finding

Long Line

Short Line

22

vc

xv

22vc

xv

vc

x

vc

x

+

xxxxx

Thisamountis thetotal,or

2

2

1c

v

x

Gives Meaning to 22 'vc

vx

Subtracttheshortlinefromthelongline tofinddisplacement

Divideremainder,ordisplacement, intotwoequalparts

Eithersubtract displacement fromlonglineor addtoshortline


11/16

Optimization

versus

Simplification

Function

Invocations

FormalInformal (Einstein)

DistinguishingFunctions(Continued):

WatchOut!

)()Real,Real,Real,Real(22 vc

xvtatzyx

vtxx

=

=

)1/()(

)(

2

2

2

22

c

v

c

vxt

vc

xvt

vtxx

=

=

=

0andwhere),(

0andwhere),(

andx

where),(

2222

2222

22

=

==

=

=

=

=

=

=

xvc

ztvc

xvt

xvc

yt

vc

xvt

xxvc

tvc

xvt

EinsteindoesnotperformarequiredFunctionInvocationandincorrectly

simplifies asifitwereanequation;mistreatingitasthesingletimevaluewhentherearethree oneforeachaxis!

InEinsteinsderivation, istreatedlikeanalgebraicequation,makingiteasytooverlook

the

need

to

invoke

the

function

before

performingsimplification.

Key

Finding

),0,0,0(

),0,0,0(

),0,0,(

22

22

vc

z

vc

y

vc

xx

z

y

x

=

=

=

Incorrectly

Simplified

As

An

Equation Cannot

Be

Simplified

As

An

Equation

is a Function!


12/16

WhatChanges?

TheMichelson

Morley

Experiment

Lorentz wanted to explain the failure to get 30 km/s

SRT requires that the measured results are

attributed to experimental error

Interpreted as measuring null or 0 km/s

No Experimental Convergence

Distinguishes between Wavelength and Length Types

Uses Wavelength versus Length Math Operations

Aligns Expected Result Measurement Angle with Actual

Result Measurement Angle

30 km/s is Statistically Supported

Experimental Convergence with Miller 1933 - 30 km/s!

Original Algorithm Revised Algorithm

TherevisedequationsincorporateourunderstandingofWavelengthandLength

andstatisticallysupportstheexpectedresultof30km/s.


13/16

WhatChanges?

TheIves

Stillwell

Atomic

Clock

Experiment

TherevisedalgorithmpredictstheIvesStillwellAtomicClockexperimentwith

equalorgreateraccuracythantheSRTequations.

# Plate Actual

Result

Einstein

Expected

Result

Einstein

Variance

REVISED

Expected

Result

REVISED

Variance

1 169 10.35 10.3610 0.0110 10.3500 0.0000

2 160 14.02 14.0403 0.0203 14.0201 0.0001

3 163 15.40 15.4245 0.0245 15.4002 0.0002

4 170 16.49 16.5181 0.0281 16.4902 0.0002

5 165 14.07 14.0904 0.0204 14.0701 0.0001

6 172 18.67 18.7060 0.0360 18.6703 0.0003

7 172 15.14 15.1637 0.0237 15.1401 0.0001

8 177 21.37 21.4172 0.0472 21.3704 0.0004

mean 15.69 15.7151 0.0264 15.6889 0.0002

Einsteins equations produce close

results with a small error of 0.02 to

0.03, to the degree of accuracy of the

experiment

ChallengesthebeliefthatSRTis

theonly

predictor

of

the

Ives

Stillwellexperiment.

Key

Finding

Expected and Actual Results of the Doppler Displacement

The new moving system equationsproduce 0 error, to the degree of accuracy

of the experiment


14/16

WhatDoes

This

Mean?

Ataminimum,ourtheoreticalunderstandingofMovingSystemswillchangeand

ouranalyticalmodelsandequationscanimprove.

Improved Navigation Systems

New Moving Systems Models New Ideas and Products

Improved Scientific Instrumentation


15/16

Summary

Area Summary

WhyHasntTheMistake

BeenDetectedSooner?

Wemakethemistakeallofthetimeandithasntcausedusaproblemyet,so

weignoreit

RequiresanunderstandingofthenuancesofFunctions

WhatDoes

It

Change? Our

understanding

of

any

SRT

experiment

that

uses

Frequency

or

Wavelength

MovingRods =WavelengthandStaticRods =Length

EinsteinsconceptofsimultaneitydoesnotapplytoWavelength

WhatDoesItMean? Newtheoriesandpracticalsolutionswithimprovedaccuracy

Wecanexplainwhatthe functiondoes

New

algorithms

that

live

within

the

error of

the

existing

models

WhatComputerScience

ToolsAndAnalytical

TechniquesDoWeUse

ComputerSciencetools,techniquesandapproacheswillneedtobe

incorporatedintoMathandPhysics

Formalfunctionnotationandterms(types)makesproblemidentificationeasier

WhatDoYouNeedTo

Remember?

Averages,Rates,and Functions

TheaverageoftheapproachingandrecedingDopplershifts

ComputerSciencetechniquesprovidetoolsandanalyticalprocessesthatcan

improveourunderstandingofMovingSystemstheoriesandequations.


16/16

Thank You

StevenBryant

[email protected]

www.RelativityChallenge.com

(website,presentations,papersandpodcasts)

2009Steven

Bryant

&

RelativityChallenge.com

episode20 aaas presentation sfsu august 2009

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