epilogue, list of participants and abbreviations

275

EPILEPILEPILEPILEPILOGUEOGUEOGUEOGUEOGUE

Recovering RageSHEILA S. CORONEL

Let me start by making a confession. I have, of late, beensuffering from a lack of anxiety about the world, a sense

that nothing matters and nothing will ever change. What Ionce feared most—an acceptance of things as they are, asthey have always been—is now upon me. I do not knowwhether this is the onset of wisdom or merely of age. I havelost my rage.

There was a time when I was always angry. I woulddrive around this benighted city mad as a bull in a bull-fight. The potholes, the children begging on the streets, thegarbage that remained uncollected all drove me into afrenzy. I would curse the corruption, the ineptness, theunrelenting poverty. Not anymore. Perhaps it is because Ihave spent too much time attending conferences such asthis, in places such as this.

Don’t get me wrong. I have no doubt that efforts tobuild a consensus on the rules of the game are important. Ihave no argument against initiatives to try to get govern-ments and other sectors together in the fight against cor-ruption. But the gatherings tend to treat issues such as gov-ernance, corruption, and accountability as abstract con-structs, far removed from the world out there—a world ofshadowy deals, unremitting greed, and large-scale thiev-ery of the people’s money. There is no occasion at suchevents to be moved and to get angry.

COMBATING CORRUPTION IN ASIAN AND PACIFIC ECONOMIES276

The problem is not that there is so little to be madabout. In many countries, including the Philippines, cor-ruption is woven into the fabric of the culture; it is a way oflife. Two months ago, I was editing a book that has justbeen published by the Philippine Center for InvestigativeJournalism (PCIJ): Robbed: An investigation of corruption inPhilippine education. It describes an education bureaucracyridden with graft from the lowest to the highest levels, anda network of corrupt officials that extends from Manila tothe school on the remotest island of this archipelago.

We found forms of corruption that ranged from thepetty—such as clerks who sit on papers until suppliers forkover a few thousand pesos in grease money—to grand cor-ruption, where high officials bend the rules to favor sup-pliers who pay bribes in tens of millions of pesos. Corrup-tion, we found out, exists wherever discretionary power isexercised—by those who have the authority to sign con-tracts or appointments, who are in procurement and hir-ing, and who release payment, including cashiers who get$10 or $20 to release a check.

Money changes hands from the moment suppliers areaccredited to the time they are paid. Cash—sometimes theequivalent of one to three months’ salary—or jewelry, or,in the provinces, even livestock (a goat, a cow), is givenout when a teacher applies for a job and every time sheapplies for a change in assignment or a promotion.

Some months ago, PCIJ sent a reporter and a cameracrew to Samar island in central Philippines, one of the poor-est areas of the country. There, they found students walk-ing to school, bringing with them their own stools or chairsbecause the desks that were supposedly allocated for themnever got there. The students were from a poor fishing vil-lage where families barely eked out a living from the sea.Yet they showed such thirst for learning and a willingnessto make do with the little that was left after the graftershad taken their share.

CORONEL • Recovering Rage 277

Today, 3.5 million of 15 million Filipino schoolchildrendo not have a desk or a chair. Many do their lessons squat-ting on cement floors or sitting on the trunks of trees. Thisis because as much as 30-60 percent of the goods specifiedin contracts are never delivered, with the difference end-ing up in the pockets of officials.

In addition, the public school system lacks 70 milliontextbooks. At the grade-school level, six students share onetextbook. In high school, the ratio is one book for everyeight pupils. One major reason for the shortage is that pay-offs eat up 20-65 percent of textbook funds.

The problem is not the lack of money. In the last de-cade, education has been getting the biggest chunk of thenational budget. In addition, the education sector is adriftin a sea of foreign funds. For nearly 30 years, lending insti-tutions such as the World Bank and the Asian Develop-ment Bank have contributed millions of dollars to Philip-pine education. The results are there for every one to see:Tests have shown that Filipino schoolchildren learn lessthan 50 percent of what they are supposed to. In a 1995 testdone in 45 countries, the Philippines ranked third to thelast in elementary math and second to the last in elemen-tary science. This in a country that once boasted one of thebest school systems in Asia. But how can it not be so? With-out books or chairs, with school buildings that leak duringthe monsoon or which are never finished at all because thefunds have been stolen—how can even the most deter-mined student be expected to learn?

I could use up the next hour talking about the woes ofPhilippine education, but I will spare you the details. Thepoint is that this thievery has been going on for decades,right under the noses of a succession of presidents, legisla-tors, ombudsmen, and all sorts of official investigators, notto mention foreign lending institutions. To be fair, there havebeen sincere attempts to reform the system. But they have


been overwhelmed by a culture—and structure—of corrup-tion that is so deeply entrenched.

The education sector is not unique. The police and theagencies that implement public works projects are in simi-larly dire straits. Neither is the Philippine situation so ex-traordinarily egregious; on the global scale of corruption,it is not the worst case. I have been told that the situation Ihave just described could very well have been Mexico orPakistan, or nearer to home, Indonesia.

But the story I want to tell you, that I hope you willremember, is not just one of villainy. This story has heroesas well. One of them is Corazon Obsequio, the high-schoolprincipal in that same town in Samar with the school withleaking roofs and insufficient desks. Mrs. Obsequio was sodetermined that her students get the most of the little therewas available that when her pupils won a computer in ascience contest, and they found out they could only claimthe prize if they had electricity, the principal moved heavenand earth to make sure they got it. She begged the mayorand the electric company for a connection, and raisedmoney from raffles and contributions to pay for the monthlyelectric bill, for which there was no allocation in the schoolbudget.

The surprising thing is that there was no anger in Mrs.Obsequio’s heart. She had stopped expecting any help fromthe Government. She knew she could rely only on herselfand the resourcefulness and generosity of the poor fisher-men whose children were hungry for an education.

The struggle against the odds is truly heroic. But howare things to change when there is no rage? When there issuch calm acceptance that the system is unable to deliver?Corruption persists because of acquiescence, because citi-zens believe that nothing can be done. The grafters and thecorrupt flourish because we are no longer capable of righ-teous rage.


How did we lose the capacity for anger? When was itthat we lost our ire? I was on the highway where this build-ing now stands, 13 years ago, when hundreds of thousandsof Filipinos rose up against a regime famous for its corrup-tion and abuse. We were angry then but also full of hope.What happened afterward was a slow erosion of our faith.Our leaders proved to be fallible, we discovered that theywere not above the temptations of power and money. Af-ter Ferdinand Marcos fell, we realized that democracy initself does not ensure that government officials and insti-tutions are immune to the virus of corruption. We havebecome cynical. We are no longer shocked or indignant thatthose we elected to public office are corrupt, although theystill sometimes surprise us with their insatiable appetitefor thievery.

Filipinos are not alone. In many countries undergoinga democratic transition, hope soon gives way to cynicismand despair. The system seems incapable of reform, or evenof delivering minimum needs: education, health care, lawand order. Filipinos, like citizens of other developing coun-tries in the region, do not demand that their Governmentexplore Mars or find the cure for cancer. We only want thegarbage to be collected, our children to have books andchairs, our roads to be paved, especially if it is our moneythat is being used to build them. Unfortunately, in somecountries, it seems that if the Government runs at all, it isonly because it is being oiled by the lubricant of corrup-tion. Without payoffs, bureaucrats do not do their work.Or else their energies are consumed by the prospect ofmaking illicit gain.

Corruption is not, as some would have us believe, aharmless, victimless crime. It does more than enrich thosein public office. The toll that corruption takes is evident inan entire generation of badly educated Filipino schoolchil-dren. Corruption is obvious to anyone who drives down


Manila streets: It is there in the potholes that make the roadsbarely passable, and in the faces of children who beg onthe streets because the money for welfare programs goesinstead to the pockets of officials.

But Government alone is not to blame. Corruption is atwo-way street and businessmen and citizens are oftenthemselves active participants in the process. Road contrac-tors, for example, wangle Government contracts by offeringbribes to officials. A PCIJ study on congressional pork bar-rel—discretionary funds given to legislators every year—found that contractors paid congressmen 12-20 percent ofthe project cost. Newly elected legislators are soon initi-ated into the system of bribes by unscrupulous contractorsand suppliers who have perfected the art of doing busi-ness with Government.

The trail of payoffs from pork barrel funds does notstop at Congress. We found that for public works contracts,heads of implementing agencies received 10 percent; theprovincial or city engineer, 10 percent; the mayor, 7 per-cent; and the village head, 3 percent. The result was half-finished bridges, roads that fell apart with the first rains,and farmers or fishers mired in poverty because they couldnot transport their produce.

I will not even talk about corruption at the highest lev-els involving presidential cronies and multibillion-pesocontracts. In these cases, judging from the investigationsthat we’ve done, the amounts are staggering. But the trailof payoffs also becomes murkier, especially when they in-volve businessmen with close connections to the presiden-tial palace. Everything becomes hush-hush, and it is diffi-cult to get the documents to prove that corrupt deals havebeen made.

Suffice it to say that corruption exacts a cost on all ofus. When public office is seen as a tool for plundering thenational treasury, then the political system becomes totally


warped, the most corrupt deal makers buy their way tohigh office, and we end up suffering their exactions.

Corruption kills. When, for example, real estate de-velopers bribe local officials to rezone land so they can buildgolf courses on watersheds or housing projects on fragileslopes, citizens end up suffering from floods, landslides,and other consequences of environmental abuse. Last Au-gust, 57 people died when a housing estate built on an un-stable hillside collapsed. The project could only have beenaccomplished by bribing regulators to sign the requiredbuilding permits and environmental clearances.

Three years ago, 160 young people perished in a firethat razed a crowded disco in a Manila suburb. The placehad been packed six times its allowed capacity on thesteamy summer night when the disco’s electrical systemoverloaded and burst into flames. Investigators found thatthe disco had violated more than 20 provisions of the build-ing and fire codes. Yet the establishment passed severalexaminations by city inspectors. The trail of greased palmswas evident everywhere, but up to now, no one has beenpunished for this crime.

Certainly, the impunity with which the most corruptare able to get away with their crimes perpetuates corrup-tion and makes it more difficult to root out. When even thecourts and the agencies tasked with enforcing anticor-ruption laws are themselves tainted with charges of mal-feasance, to whom do the aggrieved turn? I have lost countof the many victims who have called our office to say,“We have tried everything. We have complained to theagencies concerned. We have filed charges in court. Noth-ing has happened. Please write our story. You are our onlyhope.”

It is unfair to make the media bear the burden of nur-turing hope. We are ourselves a flawed institution. We aretarred with the same brush: Accusations of corruption have


been hurled against journalists as well. Many of us do nothave the skills to deal with the complexity of corruptionissues. And even if we do, we often don’t have the resourcesto conduct thorough investigations. Moreover, media pro-prietors are wary about exposés that may put them andtheir other businesses at risk from the powers that be.

Despite these limitations, we can take on a few crooks,but the task of bringing them to justice, meting out punish-ment, and then instituting reforms to plug the holes in thesystem belongs to Government. It is easy enough to talkabout how the media and civil society can play a role incombating corruption. But we should remember that do-ing so does not mean we let the Government shirk its re-sponsibilities.

Enough has been said—and written—about corrup-tion. Perhaps too much. The pervasiveness and the scale ofthe problem make one weep. But it may be time now to gobeyond talking and weeping. Together, we must musterthe rage to do something about it.

283

ParticipantsCONTRIBUTORS

Peter H. SullivanVice PresidentRegion EastAsian Development BankManila, PhilippinesTel: (632) 632-4015Fax: (632) 636-2444E-mail: [email protected]

Rainer GeigerDeputy DirectorOrganisation for EconomicCo-operation and DevelopmentParis, FranceTel: (33 1) 45 24 91 03Fax: (33 1) 45 24 91 51E-mail: [email protected]

Vijay K. ShungluAuditor-GeneralIndiaTel: (91-11) 323-5797/323-6716Fax: (91-11) 323-3350E-mail: [email protected]

Paul BengoChairmanIndependent CommissionAgainst CorruptionPapua New GuineaTel: (675) 327-6713Fax: (675) 323-5775 or 323-3903

Mark PiethProfessor of Criminal LawUniversity of BaselSwitzerlandChairmanOrganisation for EconomicCo-operation and DevelopmentWorking Group on BriberyTel: (4161) 267-2538/39Fax: (4161) 267-2549E-mail: [email protected]

Robert LeesSecretary-GeneralPacific Basin Economic CouncilHonolulu, HawaiiTel: (808) 521-9044Fax: (808) 521-8530E-mail: [email protected]


Michael C. BlanchflowerDeputy PrincipalGovernment CounselDepartment of JusticeHong Kong, ChinaTel: (852) 2867-8048Fax: (852) 2523-7959E-mail:[email protected]

Sheila CoronelExecutive DirectorCenter for InvestigativeJournalismPhilippinesTel: (632)410 -4768 to 69Fax: (632) 410-1346E-mail: [email protected]

Guillermo L. Parayno, Jr.Former HeadBureau of CustomsPhilippinesTel: (632) 552-5376Fax: (632) 552-5373E-mail: [email protected]

Jeanmarie Fath MeyerConsultantOrganisation for EconomicCo-operation and DevelopmentDoctor of JurisprudenceUnites States of AmericaTel: (703) 533-7330Fax: (703) 525-5077E-mail: [email protected]

Rocky H.T. WongInternational Federationof Consulting EngineersMalaysiaTel: 60 (3) 758-28 33Fax: 60 (3) 758-18 13E-mail: [email protected]

Michael JohnstonProfessorDepartment of Political ScienceColgate UniversityUnited States of AmericaTel: (+1 315) 228-7756Fax: (+1 315) 228-7883E-mail: [email protected]

Jon S.T. QuahProfessor of Political ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeTel: (65) 874-6069; 874-3971(messages)Fax: (65) 779-6815/775-9104E-mail: [email protected]

Rick StapenhurstPublic Sector ManagementSpecialistWorld Bank InstituteUnited States of AmericaTel: (202) 473-3210 or 986-1854Fax: (202) 334-8350 or 334-8350E-mail: [email protected]

Participants 285

Carolyn HubbardAssistant DirectorBusiness Tax DivisionInland Tax RevenueUnited KingdomTel: Tel: (44171) 438-6252Fax: (44171) 438-7190

Kuen-Ho ChangKorea Institute of Public FinanceRepublic of KoreaTel: 82-2-2186-2216Fax: 82-2-2186-2179E-mail: [email protected]

Carlos R. AlindadaPast PresidentPhilippine Instituteof Certified Public AccountantsPresidentConfederation of Asianand Pacific AccountantsPhilippinesTel: (+63 2) 894-8132Fax: (+63 2) 812-8544E-mail: [email protected]

Tunku Abdul AzizVice Chairman of theBoard of DirectorsTransparency InternationalPresidentThe Kuala Lumpur Societyfor Transparency and Integrity(Transparency InternationalMalaysia Chapter)MalaysiaTel: (603) 411-4596Fax: (603) 411-4596E-mail: [email protected]

David LymanMemberInternational Chamber ofCommerce Standing Committeeon Extortion and BriberySenior PartnerTilleke & Gibbins, R.O.P.ThailandTel: (662) 254-2640 thru 2658Fax: (662) 254-4302 thru 4304or (668) 621-0172 and 0173(International only)E-mail: (Pers.) [email protected](Bus.) [email protected]


Michael N. DaviesChairmanTransparency CommitteePacific Basin Economic CouncilCanadaTel: (905) 858-5231Fax: (905) 858-5234E-mail: michael.davies@corporate_ge.com

Esperanza OcampoVice PresidentTrade Union Congressof the PhilippinesPresidentPhilippine General EmployeesAssociationPhilippines

Steven IngramDirectorBusiness Fraud Risk ServicesArthur AndersenSydney, AustraliaTel: (02) 9964-6529Fax: (02) 9929-8338E-mail: [email protected]

Kavi ChongkittavornExecutive EditorThe NationBangkok, ThailandTel: (662) 316-7027Fax: (662) 317-2071E-mail: [email protected]

Samuel PaulChairmanPublic Affairs CentreBangalore, IndiaTel: (91-80) 553-1753Fax: (91-80) 553-7260or 552-0246E-mail: [email protected]@vsnl.comWeb: www.pacindia.org

Julie Mu Fee-manAssistant DirectorCommunity RelationsDepartmentIndependent CommissionAgainst CorruptionHong Kong, ChinaTel: (852) 2826-3285Fax: (852) 2877-6762E-mail: [email protected]

Shafiur RahmanJustice (Retired)Islamabad, PakistanTel: (92 51) 29-40-60Fax: (92 51) 29-05-32

Participants 287

Hong Jae ImDeputy Director-GeneralInternational EconomicAffairs BureauMinistry of Foreign Affairsand TradeRepublic of KoreaTel: (82-2) 720-2434Fax: (82-2) 720-4538E-mail: [email protected]

Ed AndersonSenior AdvisorUnited States Agency forInternational DevelopmentCorruption Working GroupManagement SystemsInternationalUnited States of AmericaTel: (+1 202) 712-4921Fax: (+1 202) 216-3171E-mail: [email protected]

Anton Op de BekeSenior EconomistPolicy Developmentand Review DepartmentInternational Monetary FundUnited States of AmericaTel: (202) 623-7192Fax: (202) 623-4232E-mail: [email protected]

Bernard FunckPrincipal EconomistThe World BankCountry OfficeManila, PhilippinesTel: (632) 637-5855Fax: (632) 637-5870E-mail: [email protected]

Bertram I. SpectorSenior AssociateManagement SystemsInternational600 Water Street, SWWashington DC 20024United States of AmericaTel: (+ 1 202) 484-7170Fax: (+ 1 202) 488-0754E-mail: [email protected]


DELEGATES

AUSTRALIA

Barry O’Keefe AM QCCommissionerIndependent CommissionAgainst CorruptionSydney NSW 2001Tel: (+612) 9318-5999Fax: (+612) 9699-8067E-mail: [email protected]

BANGLADESH

Md. Moqsed AliDeputy SecretaryEconomic Relations DivisionMinistry of FinanceDhakaTel: 880-2-817380Fax: 880-2-813088

Md. Momenul HaqueDirectorBureau of AnticorruptionPrime Minister’s OfficeSegun BagichaDhakaTel: (Office) 935-2115(Residence) 935-0542Fax: (880-2) 935-1955

BHUTAN

Pema WangdaDeputy SecretaryRoyal Civil Service CommissionTel: (975-2) 32-2954 to 56Fax: (975-2) 32-3086

CAMBODIA

Ung SilanDeputy DirectorFinancial Inspection CommitteeMinistry of Economyand FinancePhnom PenhTel: 015-912629/023-428315Fax: (855) 23427798E-mail: [email protected]

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Zhengyun ChenDeputy Division ChiefAnti-Corruption BureauBeijingTel: 86-10-65209815Fax: 86-10-65223621

Participants 289

Hailin LuDeputy Director GeneralInternational TaxationDepartmentState Administrationof TaxationBeijingTel: 86-10-6341-7902 (Office)86-10-8813-1996 (Residence)Fax: 86-10-6341-7977 (Office)E-mail: [email protected]

TAIPEI,CHINA

Mei-Ling ChiangSenior EngineerDepartment of CommerceMinistry of Economic AffairsTel: 8862-23212200-331Fax: 8862-23942702

Shu-Mei YangSection ChiefThird DepartmentBoard of Foreign TradeMinistry of Economic AffairsTel: 8862-23977320Fax: 8862-23216445E-mail: [email protected]

Da-Ho YenDirectorDepartment of ProsecutorialAffairsMinistry of JusticeTel: 886-2-2311-2869Fax: 886-2-237-1757or 2370-2227E-mail: [email protected]

FIJI

Niko V. BulaiDeputy Secretary of FinanceFinancial Managementand Audit DivisionMinistry of Finance andEconomic DevelopmentSuvaTel: 307-011 ext. 2500Fax: (679) 307-315

HONG KONG, CHINA

Alex DuperouzelManaging DirectorOperations DepartmentKroll Associates (Asia) LimitedWanchaiTel: (852) 2884-7788/(852) 2884-7725 (Direct line)Fax: (852) 2885-9338E-mail: [email protected]


Eddie LeungSenior Financial Audit ManagerHang Seng Bank LimitedTel: (852) 2198-4777Fax: (852) 2868-5143E-mail: [email protected]

Harry MacleodDeputy Directorof Public ProsecutionsDepartment of JusticeQueenswayTel: 2867-2328Fax: 2869-0236

INDIA

Dinesh Chandra GuptaAdditional SecretaryDepartment of Personnel 1TrainingNew DelhiTel: (91-11) 301-3668Fax: (91-11) 301-2432

Shri Shiv Shankar Gupta, IASDeputy Chairman and ChiefVigilance OfficerParadipport Trust, Paradip PortDist. Jagatsinghpur, OrissaTel: (06722) 22017Fax: (06722) 22256

Ravindra KumarManaging EditorThe StatesmanStatesman HouseCalcuttaTel: 91-33-225-3881Fax: 91-33-225-0118E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

INDONESIA

Mukti AsikinPUPUK (Association for theAdvancement of Small Business)BandungTel: (62-22) 426-1477Fax: (62-22) 438-045Email: [email protected]

Romli AtmasasmitaDirector General of Lawand LegislationDepartment of Justiceof the Republic of IndonesiaJakartaTel: (62-21) 520-2391Fax: (62-21) 526-1082E-mail: [email protected]

Participants 291

Irma HutabaratHead of Campaign WatchIndonesian Corruption WatchJakartaTel: (62-21) 314-5518Fax: (62-21) 330-140Hp: 0818-129-663E-mail: [email protected]

Lela MadjiahSenior EditorJakarta PostJakartaTel: (021) 530-0476/530-0478Fax: (62-21) 549-2685

Ir. Umar SaidAssistant IIof the Coordinating Ministerfor Development Supervisionand Administrative ReformJakartaTel: (62-21) 739-8342Fax: (62-21) 525-2720E-mail: [email protected]

Hetifah SjaifudianDirectorAKATIGA Centrefor Social AnalysisChairpersonNetwork on Local GoodGovernance IssuesBandungTel: (62-22) 250-2622Fax: (62-22) 250-2622E-mail: [email protected]

JAPAN

Toshiharu HommaSecond InternationalOrganization DivisionEconomic Affairs BureauMinistry of Foreign AffairsTokyoTel: (+ 81-3) 3581-0018Fax: (+ 81-3) 3581-9470E-mail: [email protected]

Tomohiro KanekoDeputy DirectorIntellectual PropertyPolice OfficeIndustrial Policy BureauMinistry of InternationalTrade and Industry


Toyofumi KurakiAssistant DirectorSecond Investigation DivisionCriminal Investigation BureauNational Police Agency

Gerard McLindenCounsellor CustomsAustralian EmbassyTokyo, JapanTel: (+81 3) 5232-4078Fax: (+81 3) 5232-4040E-mail: [email protected]

Kazuo ShiomiPolice InspectorSecond Investigation DivisionCriminal Investigation BureauNational Police Agency

KAZAKHSTAN

Arkadiy P. TereshenkoAssistant of Prosecutor GeneralProsecutor’s General OfficeAstana CityTel: (3272) 11-20-34/33-38-07Fax: (7 3172) 33-38-07/11-20-47/32-19-04E-mail: [email protected]

REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Kung-Soo-ChoiDirector Generalfor Tax AffairsGwa-cheon GovernmentComplex IIGwa-cheon CityTel: (822) 503-9220Fax: (822) 503-9229

Hyun-Sun HongDirector for Examinationand InspectionOffice of the Prime MinisterTel: (822) 734-8796Fax: (822) 723-1966E-mail: [email protected]

Byong Chol KimDeputy Directorfor Examination and InspectionOffice of the Prime MinisterTel: (822) 734-8797Fax: (822) 723-1966E-mail: [email protected]

Bong Lark LeeDeputy Directorfor Examination and InspectionOffice of the Prime MinisterTel: (822) 737-9898Fax: (822) 734-9324E-mail: [email protected]

Participants 293

Hyung-Chul LeeDeputy Directorof International Tax DivisionMinistry of Financeand EconomyGwa-cheon CityTel: (822) 503-9227 or 500-5328Fax: (822) 503-9229 or 503-8227E-mail: [email protected]

Kee-bong PaekProsecutor4th Prosecution DivisionInternational Criminal AffairsMinistry of JusticeGovernment BuildingGwa-cheon CityTel: (822) 503-7058 to 9Fax: (822) 3480-3113E-mail: [email protected]

Soo Saeng YooDeputy Directorfor Examination and InspectionOffice of the Prime MinisterTel: (822) 737-9898Fax: (822) 734-9234E-mail: [email protected]

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

Chyngysheva AselChiefProject ImplementationControl DepartmentState Committeeon Foreign Investmentand Economic DevelopmentTel: (996) 312-224201Fax: (996) 312-661075E-mail: [email protected]

MALAYSIA

Mustafar AliHead of the Policy MonitoringCoordinationAnti-Corruption AgencyKuala LumpurTel: (03) 650-6179/651-2488Fax: (03) 651-3552E-mail: [email protected]

Rahim MustakainState DirectorAnti-Corruption AgencyKedah Darul AmanTel: (04) 732-1386FAX: (04) 733-9955E-mail: [email protected]


Aminah Pit Abdul RahmanChairpersonBetter Business BureauTel: (03) 9200-1654Fax: (03) 9200-1653E-mail: [email protected]

MALDIVES

Ali Rasheed UmarAssignment OfficerMaldives Anticorruption BoardTel: (00960) 333-059Fax: (00960) 323-593 or 317-182E-mail: [email protected]

MONGOLIA

Badamdash DashdavaaProgram OfficerAnticorruption Organizationof JURAMT MongoliaUlaanbaatarTel: 00-9761-323645Fax: 00-9761-323645E-mail: [email protected]@mail.parl.gov.mn

NEPAL

Surya Prasad KoiralaJoint SecretaryCommission for theInvestigation of Abuseof AuthorityKathmanduTel: (Office) 00977-1-249791(Residence) 00977-1-630248Fax: 0977-1-262930E-mail: [email protected]

Krishna Prasad NeupaneAssistant Auditor GeneralOffice of the Auditor GeneralTel: (Office) 264-649(Residence) 434-014, 434-144Fax: (977-1) 262-798E-mail: [email protected]

Keshab PoudelManaging EditorSpotlight Weekly MagazineTel: (977-1) 423-127 (Office)(977-1) 480-321 (Residence)E-mail: [email protected]

Participants 295

NEW ZEALAND

Warren BerrymanManaging EditorThe IndependentBusiness WeeklyAucklandTel: (09) 303-3534Fax: (09) 303-2999E-mail: [email protected]: www.xtra.co.nz/independent/index.html

PAKISTAN

Farhat HussainAdditional SecretaryCabinet DivisionGovernment of PakistanTel: (9251) 920-7613 (Office)(9251) 433-662 (Residence)Fax: (9251) 920-1357

PHILIPPINES

Felipe B. AlfonsoVice-ChairmanAsian Institute of ManagementMakati CityFax: (632) 817-2852

Octavino AlimudinIndonesian EmbassyMakati CityTel: (632) 892-5061 to 68Fax: (632) 892-5878E-mail: [email protected]

Santos M. AlquizalasGeneral CounselLegal OfficeCommission on AuditTel: (632) 931-9287Fax: (632) 931-5109

Abelardo Aportadera, Jr.Assistant OmbudsmanOffice of the Ombudsman

Ronald BairdFirst Secretary (Development)Canadian EmbassyManilaTel: (632) 867-0001Fax: (632) 810-5142E-mail: [email protected]://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/manila/

Procopio S. Beltran Jr.Senior Deputy DirectorIntegrated Bar of the PhilippinesOrtigas Complex, Pasig CityTel: (Office) (632) 631-3016(Residence) (632) 646-4432Fax: (632) 631-3013


Gilles C. BlanchiRegional RepresentativeInternational DevelopmentLaw InstituteAsia Regional Training OfficeManilaTel: (632) 638-1801Fax: (632) 638-1804E-mail: http://www.idli.org

Arefiles CarreonCollector of Customs VBureau of CustomsTel: (Office) (047) 252-3353Fax: (047) 252-3534/30

Herve CottonEmbassy of FranceMakati CityTel: (632) 811-1001 to 04Fax: (632) 811-1033

George W. Drysdale Sr.ChairmanMarsman-Drysdale GroupMakati CityTel: (632) 843-7031

Jacques DucrestAttacheEmbassy of SwitzerlandMakati City, PhilippinesTel: (02) 892-2051Fax: (02) 815-0381E-mail: [email protected]

Francois Xavier FlamandEmbassy of FranceMakati CityTel: (632) 811-1001 to 04Fax: (632) 811-1033

Robert E. KallosDeputy Special ProsecutorOffice of the OmbudsmanTel: (632) 951-3122/(direct line) 951-3081Fax: (632) 951-3120

Hanjo de KuiperNetherlands EmbassyMakati City, PhilippinesTel: (632) 811-2769Fax: (632) 815-4579E-mail: [email protected]

Yves LaneuvilleSenior Vice PresidentInternational SunlifeAssurance Company of CanadaMakati CityTel: (632) 812-0467Fax: (632) 818-6345

Participants 297

Errol B. LeonesProject ManagerPhilippine Governance ForumAteneo Center for Social Policyand Public AffairsAteneo de Manila UniversityLoyola Heights, Quezon CityTel: (632) 426-6001 local 4645;426-6061 to 62Fax:(632) 426-5999E-mail: [email protected]

Elena LimPresident and CEOSolid Group Inc.Makati CityTel: (632) 843-1511Fax: (632) 812-8273E-mail: [email protected]

Pertti MajanenAmbassadorEmbassy of FinlandMakati CityTel: (632) 891-5011Fax: (632) 891-4107Email: [email protected]

Rommel MartinezExecutive DirectorEvelio Javier Foundation Inc.Quezon CityTel: (632) 912-8064;Pager 141-910137Fax: (632) 912-8065E-mail: [email protected]

Gil P. MontalboDirectorDepartment of Budgetand Management

Andres PeñaSecond SecretaryEmbassy of MexicoManila, PhilippinesTel: (632) 526-7461/62/64Fax: (632) 526-7425E-mail: [email protected]

Frederic RossiCommercial AttachéEmbassy of FranceMakati CityTel: (632) 811-1001 to 04Fax: (632) 811-1033E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.dree.org/philippines

Todd P. SchwartzDeputy Counselorfor Economic AffairsEmbassy of the United Statesof AmericaManilaTel: (632) 523-1001Fax: (632) 338-4127E-mail: [email protected]


Hubert SimardCanadian EmbassyManila

Filip SkabaEmbassy of the Czech RepublicManilaTel: (632) 812-9253/812-9254Fax: (632) 812-9252E-mail: [email protected]

Dan SongcoNational CoordinatorCODE-NGOLoyola Heights, Quezon City

Doyle E. StoutDirectorKroll Associates Philippines Inc.Makati CityTel: (632) 812-3452/813-8234/813-8249Fax:(632) 813-5852E-mail: [email protected]

Catherine SumnerProgram Legal CounselInternational DevelopmentLaw InstituteAsia Regional Training OfficeManilaTel: (632) 638-1801Fax: (632) 638-1804E-mail: http://www.idli.org

Romeo I. TanDirectorOffice of the OmbudsmanTel: (632) 528-1472Fax: (632) 528-1469

Alex YimManaging Director for AsiaFederal ExpressSubic Bay, Olongapo CityTel: (6347) 252-9639Fax: (6347) 252-9587E-mail: [email protected]

SINGAPORE

Vaugh A. LantzFirst Secretary (Development)Canadian High CommissionIBM Towers, SingaporeTel: (65) 325-3200Fax: (65) 325-3290DID: (65) 325-3261E-mail: [email protected]

Cheong Kwok LeongDeputy DirectorRecruitment andPlacement BranchMinistry of EducationKay Siang RoadTel: (65) 470-9302Fax: (65) 472-2573E-mail: [email protected]

Participants 299

Catherine OngSenior CorrespondentBusiness Times390 Kim Seng RoadTime HouseTel: (65) 737-0011Fax (65) 733-5271E-mail: [email protected]

SRI LANKA

Edmund Walter PeerisAdditional Legal DraftsmanMinistry of JusticeConstitutional AffairsEthnic Affairs andNational IntegrationColomboTel: 435 935Fax: 325 185E-mail: [email protected]

Edmond VithanageDeputy Auditor GeneralAuditor General’s DepartmentColomboTel: 693-800 (Office)1-853-236 (Residence)Fax: 697-451E-mail: [email protected]

Arittha R. WikramanaykePartnerNithya PartnersAttorneys-at-LawColomboTel: 075-514301 (D)Tel/Fax: 074-712625/28,01-564112E-mail: [email protected]

THAILAND

Chitchai PanichapatDeputy Secretary GeneralOffice of the Commissionof Counter CorruptionTel: (662) 281-0041Fax: (662) 282-1840E-mail: [email protected]

Sima SimanantaDeputy Secretary GeneralOffice of the Civil ServiceCommissionTel: (662) 280-3325Fax: (662) 628-6201E-mail: [email protected]


Juree Vichit-VadakanNational Institute ofDevelopment AdministrationCenter for Philanthropyand Civil SocietyBangkokTel: (66-2) 377-7206Fax: (662) 374-7399E-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Tong Soo ChungDirectorAdvocacy CenterRoom 3814-AUS Department of CommerceWashington DCTel: (202) 482-3896Fax: (202) 482-3508E-mail: [email protected]

Stuart DemingPartnerInman Deming LLPWashington DCTel: (202) 347-6800Fax: (202) 347-6013

Thomas O’GaraChairman of the BoardO’Gara CompanyOhioTel: (513) 874-2112Fax: (513) 874-1262

Nara SrinivasanHead of SchoolJustice and Business LawWA 6027Tel: (+618) 9400-5407Fax: (+618) 9400-5406E-mail: [email protected]

Svetlana WinbourneManagement SystemsInternationalWashington DCTel: (1 703) 765-6790Fax: (1 703) 768-0813E-mail: [email protected]

VANUATU

Alfred MahoDirector of Leadership CodeOffice of the OmbudsmanPort VilaTel: 678-27200Fax: 678-27140E-mail: [email protected]

Participants 301

VIET NAM

Tran Mai HuongEditor in ChiefViet Nam NewsTel: (844) 822-2884 or 254-693Fax: (844) 824-6908

Pham Dinh LuongOfficer of General ControlDepartmentState Bank of Viet NamFax: (844) 824-6956

Tran Dinh LuongOfficer of General ControlDepartmentState Bank of Viet NamTel: (844) 826-6181Fax: (844) 824-6956

Quynh Thuy NguyenOfficer of Banking SupervisionState Bank of Viet NamTel: (844) 824-4661Fax: (844) 824-1098

Tran Huu QuangAssistant Editor in ChiefSaigon TimesTel: (848) 829-8676Fax: (848) 821-1783

INTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONS

ASIA FOUNDATION

William ColeTheme Coordinator Governanceand Law ProgramAsia FoundationSan Francisco, CaliforniaUSATel: (415) 982-4640Fax: (415) 392-8863E-mail: [email protected]

Hector SolimanSteering Committee MemberReforming the Administrationof Justice Project/AsiaFoundationTel: (632) 534-1837Fax: (632) 534-1836E-mail: [email protected]

Gavin TrittAssistant Representative36 Lapu-Lapu AvenueMagallanes Village, Makati CityPO Box 7072Domestic Airport Post OfficePasay City, PhilippinesTel: (632) 851-1466Fax: (632) 853-0474E-mail: [email protected]


KONRAD ADENAUERFOUNDATION

Thomas Bernd StehlingAttorney at LawRepresentative to ASEANand IndochinaMedia Project DirectorMakati City, PhilippinesTel: (632) 819-7530 or 894-3737Fax: (632) 893-6199 or 740-0094Emai: [email protected]

PACIFIC BASIN ECONOMICCOUNCIL

Steve OlsonDirectorPolicy and CommunicationsPacific Basin Economic CouncilHonolulu, HawaiiTel: (808) 521-9044Fax: (808) 521-8530E-mail: [email protected]

UNITED NATIONSDEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME(UNDP)

Ernesto D. BautistaAssistant ResidentRepresentativeUNDP PhilippinesMakati City, PhilippinesTel: (632) 892-0611Fax: (632) 816-4061E-mail: [email protected]

Paul OquistChiefRegional GovernanceProgramme for Asiaand the PacificProgramme for Accountabilityand TransparencyManagement Developmentand Governance DivisionUNDPNew York, NY, USATel: (1-212) 906-5349Fax: (1-212) 906-6350E-mail: [email protected]

UNITED STATES AGENCYFOR INTERNATIONALDEVELOPMENT

Gil R. Dy-LiaccoProgram Resources ManagerRamon Magsaysay CenterManila, PhilippinesTel: (632) 522-4411 loc. 3784Fax: (632) 521-8762/521-5241E-mail: [email protected]

Michael HenningPolitical Development OfficerOffice of Governanceand ParticipationRamon Magsaysay CenterManila, PhilippinesTel: (632) 522-4411 ext. 4155Fax: (632) 521-5244E-mail: [email protected]: www.usaid-ph.gov

Participants 303

THE WORLD BANK GROUP

May OlaliaWorld BankPasig City, PhilippinesTel: (632) 637-5855Fax: (632) 637-5870E-mail: [email protected]

TRADE UNION ADVISORYCOMMITTEE TO THE OECD

John EvansSecretary-GeneralTrade Union AdvisoryCommittee to the OECDParis, FranceTel: (331) 4763-4263Fax: (331) 4754-9828E-mail: [email protected]

TRANSPARENCYINTERNATIONAL

Jenni McManusDirectorTransparency InternationalNew ZealandTel: (09) 303-3534Fax: (09) 303-2999E-mail:[email protected]

Biswambhar M.S. PradhanTreasurerTransparency InternationalPutalisadak, KathmanduTel: 436-462Fax: 420-412E-mail: [email protected]

Peter RookeTransparency InternationalAustraliaSydney South NSW 12AustraliaTel: (612) 9326-1737Fax: (612) 9327-8480E-mail: [email protected]

SECRETARIAT

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

Shoji NishimotoDirectorStrategy and Policy DepartmentTel: (632) 632-6100Fax: (632) 636-2182E-mail: [email protected]

Yoshihiro IwasakiDirectorPrograms DepartmentRegion WestTel: (632) 632-6550Fax: (632) 636-2182E-mail: [email protected]


Christine WallichDirectorInfrastructure, Energy andFinancial Sector DepartmentRegion WestTel: (632) 632-6315E-mail: [email protected]

Peter PedersenGeneral AuditorAsian Development BankTel: (632) 632-4050E-mail: [email protected]

Robert BeschelStrategy and Policy OfficerStrategy and Policy OfficeTel: (632) 632-5940Fax: (632) 636-2182E-mail: [email protected]

Clay G. WescottSenior Public AdministrationSpecialistOffice of the DirectorPrograms Department (West)Tel: (632) 632-6332Fax: (632) 636-2211/2212E-mail: [email protected]

OECD

Enery QuinonesHeadAnti-Corruption UnitDirectorate for FinancialFiscal and Enterprise AffairsTel: (33 1) 45 24 16 10Fax: (33 1) 44 30 63 07E-mail: [email protected]

Frédéric WehrléCo-ordinatorOutreach Anti-CorruptionActivitiesAnti-Corruption UnitDirectorate for Financial, Fiscal,and Enterprise AffairsTel: (33 1) 45 24 18 55Fax: (33 1) 44 30 63 07E-mail: [email protected]

Janos BertokAdministratorGovernance and the Roleof the StatePublic Management ServiceTel: (33 1) 45 24 93 57Fax: (33 1) 45 24 87 96E-mail: [email protected]

305

Abbreviations

APG Asia-Pacific Group on Money Laundering

A A B authorized agent bank

ACOS Automated Customs Operating System

ASYCUDA Automated System for Customs Data

BIAC Business and Industry Advisory Council

CCAF Canadian Comprehensive AuditingFoundation

COSO Committee of Sponsoring Organisations

C & A G comptroller and auditor general

CY-CFS Container Yard—Container Freight Station

CPI Corruption Perceptions Index

CPIB Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau

DOF Department of Finance

DTROP Drug Trafficking (Recovery of Proceeds)Ordinance

EDI Electronic Data Interchange

ETUC European Trade Union Congress

E U European Union

FPI Federation of Philippine Industry

FATF Financial Action Task Force

FDI foreign direct investment


FBPA The Act on Preventing Bribery of ForeignOfficials in International BusinessTransactions (Foreign Bribery PreventionAct)

G A O General Accounting Office

GEIS General Electric Information Systems

GPS global positioning system

GRECO Groupe d’Etats Contre la Corruption

ICTA Income and Corporation Taxes Act

ICAC Independent Commission AgainstCorruption

INTOSAI International Association of Supreme AuditInstitutions

ICC International Chamber of Commerce

ICFTU International Confederation of Free TradeUnions

IFAC International Federation of Accountants

ILO International Labour Organization

IMF International Monetary Fund

IOSCO International Organization of SecuritiesCommissions

N A O National Audit Office

NTS National Tax Service

N G O nongovernment organization

OPEN Online Procedures Enhancement for CivilApplications

OLRS on-line release system

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operationand Development

Abbreviations 307

OSCO Organized and Serious Crimes Ordinance

PBEC Pacific Basin Economic Council

P N G Papua New Guinea

PVS payment verification system

PCIJ Philippine Center for InvestigativeJournalism

PCCI Philippine Chamber of Commerce andIndustry

PAS Project Abstract Secure

PAC Public Accounts Committee

PAC Public Affairs Centre

PSC Public Sector Committee

SEC Securities and Exchange Commission

SAR Special Administrative Region

SAI supreme audit institution

TUAC Trade Union Advisory Committee

UNICE Union of Industrial and EmployeesConfederation of Europe

U N United Nations

UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade andDevelopment

U N D P United Nations Development Programme

VANS value-added networks

V F M value for money

W T O World Trade Organization

W won

epilogue, list of participants and abbreviations

Documents