epigenetics and cancer jillian froelick, grace lempp, nikhil umesh, paige tummons
Post on 20-Dec-2015
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TRANSCRIPT
EPIGENETI
CS
AND CANCER
J IL L I A
N F
RO
E L I CK ,
GRAC
E LEM
P P ,
NI K
HI L
UM
E SH,
PA I GE T
UM
MO
NS
THERE ARE 3 MAIN EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. THEY ARE…
DNA METHYLATIONHISTONE ACETYLATIONAND NON-CODING RNA
IN THE METHYLATION OF A TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE…
1. A methyl group
attaches directly to the
gene.
2.The tumor-suppressor
gene can’t be transcribed because
the transcription complex can’t bind.
3. With the tumor-
suppressor gene inactivated, cell
division isn’t regulated.
4.
Cancer cells are able to
multiply.
WHEN DNA HISTONES OF A TUMOR-
SUPPRESSOR GENE ARE DEACETYLATED…
1. An acetyl group is
removed from the lysine of a histone
tail.
2. Chromatin, which was
previously loose, is now tightly compacted.
3. The tumor-suppressor
gene cannot be transcribed.
4.
Cancer cells are able to
multiply.
WHEN MICRORNA PREVENTS
TRANSLATION OF SPECIFIC GENES…
1. It downregulates methyltransferases,
preventing the methylation of tumor-
suppressor genes.
2. A decrease in
microRNA allows methyltransferase to methylate DNA.
3.Methylation of a tumor-suppressor gene allows
for uncontrolled cell growth.
4.
Cancer cells are able to
multiply.
EPIGENETIC THERAPY
Utilizes DNA methylation inhibitors to reverse DNA
methylation in tumor-suppressor
genes.
1.
2. Uses histone deacetylase (HDAC)
inhibitors to prevent the
deacetylation of histones bound to tumor suppressor
genes.
CONCLUSION