epidemiology of cholera
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CHOLERA -PAVITHRA PADMAKUMAR
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WHY CHOLERA IS IMPORTANT ?????
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INDIA YEAR CASES DEATHS 1950 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2009 2010 2011
176,307 43,285 21,955 5,808 3,315 3,156 3,482 5,004 2,341
86,997 12,947 2,302 155 5 6 12 9 10
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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHOLERA
• STUDY ABOUT CHOLERA
• APPLYING THE STUDY TO CONTROL CHOLERA
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STUDY OF CHOLERA
• AGENT• HOST• MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENSIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
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AGENT
VIBRIO CHOLERA BELONGING TO VIBRIO BACTERIA
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•THEY LIVE IN WATER•VIBRIO CHOLERA GET KILLED BY : HEATING FOR 30 MINS AT 56* C BY DRYING IN SUNLIGHT BLEACHING POWDER
•EL TOR IS MORE RESISTANT THAN CLASSICAL
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• THEY PRODUCE A TOXIN CALLED ENTEROTOXIN
• INFECTIVE DOSE:100000000000 BACTERIAS OR 10^11 BACTERIA
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STUDY OF CHOLERA
• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
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HOST• CHOLERA AFFECTS ANY AGE
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• AFFECTS BOTH SEX
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•GASTRIC ACIDITY AND INESTINAL IMMUNE SYSTEM PLAYS THE DEFENCE ROLE
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•ECONOMICALLY POOR AND LACK OF EDUCATION
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STUDY OF CHOLERA
• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
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MODE OF TRANSMISSION
Faecally contaminated water
Contaminated food and water
Overcrowding
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STUDY OF CHOLERA
• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
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PATHOGENESIS
• ENTRY IS THROUGH ORAL ROUTE• GET ADHERED TO SMALL INTESTINE• INCUBATION PERIOD IS 2-5 DAYS • CAUSES SYMPTOMS • GET EXCRETED THROUGH FAECES AND
VOMITING
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MECHANISM OF PATHOGENESIS
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STUDY OF CHOLERA
• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
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CLINICAL FEATURES
• STAGE OF EVACUATION• STAGE OF COLLAPSE• STAGE OF RECOVERY
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STAGE OF EVACUATION
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STAGE OF COLLAPSE• SUNKEN EYES• HOLLOW CHEEKS • SCAPHOID ABDOMEN • WASHERMAN HAND AND
FEET • LOSS OF ELASTICITY OF SKIN
• SUB-NORMAL TEMPERATURE• ABSENT PULSE • LOW BP• SHALLOW AND QUICK RESPIRATION• OLIGURIA
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STAGE OF RECOVERY
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STUDY OF CHOLERA
• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
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CARRIERS1)PRE-CLINICAL/INCUBATORY CARRIER- INCUBATION
PERIOD 1-5 DAYS
2)CONVALESCENT CARRIER-ARE PATIENTS WHO RECOVERED BUT STILL CONTINUE TO EXCRETE VIBRIOS
3)
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STUDY OF CHOLERA
• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
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