EPA Air Policy Perspectives

Presentation to 2nd Workshop onIntercontinental Transport and Climatic Effects of Air

Pollutants (ICAP)

Chapel Hill, NC

21 November 2003John Bachmann

Associate Director for Science/Policy and New ProgramsOAQPS/Office of Air and Radiation

EPA Policy Priorities• Domestic traditional air pollution agenda

– Implementing ozone and PM2.5 national ambient air quality standards– Reviewing and potential revisions of ozone and PM NAAQS

• Background• Regional and local effects on weather and climate

– Reducing risk of air toxics – local, persistent– Integrated programs for major source categories– Issue: how does international transport affect these programs?

• International Policy Issues – International Agreements– US/Canada/Mexico– Transport from Asia, transport to Europe

• Understanding climate interactions– Integrating climate and international/regional air pollution issues– Effects of air pollution on global/regional scale climate– Effects of global climate change on air pollution

PM Regulatory Schedules

8-hr Ozone Standards2004 EPA makes nonattainment

designations2005-09 New NOx Rule/NAAQS Review2007-08 States develop/submit SIPs 2007-08 EPA approves SIPs2007-19 Attainment deadlines vary

PM2.5 Standards (fine particles)2004 EPA makes nonattainment

designations, complete NAAQS review2004 EPA Issues CAIR SOx/NOx

transport2004-08 States develop/submit SIPs,

complete current NAAQS review2008-09 EPA approves SIPs2010-14 Attainment deadlines, new NAAQS

reviewRegional Haze Program

2007-08 States submit regional haze SIPs

2008-09 EPA approves SIPs

2013-18 Plants must install BART or comply with backstop

trading program

Mobile Source Program2004 Non-road diesel proposal

2003-- Other non-road categories

2004 Tier 2 becomes effective

2007 HD diesel rules effective

International transport/climate interactions Scale: global/regional

* in 106 kg/year/1ox1o grid (David Streets & Tami Bond, 2002)

Global Black Carbon Emissions

Asia a Priority: Air Quality/Health Improvements have climate benefits

CO2 (1.4) Black Carbon PM (1.4)

Ozone

Air Pollution (PM and O3) significant Climate Forcers

Modeling intercontinental ozone transport – significant component of background

Climate change is not always global•INDOEX, other preliminary work suggest significant potential of BC aerosol for affecting hydrologic cycle on a regional basis

•Significant effects of Asian pollution on health, crops

•Short-life of conventional pollutants suggests rapid response to reductions

• Intercontinental Transport - impact to US & others?

– Need improved global/regional emission inventories for O3 and PM precursors partitioned by

source sectors

– Need nested global and regional models

– Need policy-relevant future emission projections

• Climatic Effects of AP - direct and indirect effects?

– Need global climate/chemistry model to estimate climate response for selected policy-relevant

emission projections,

– Develop approaches for quantifying direct and indirect climate responses on the perturbation of

climate-forcing pollutants

• U.S. & other developed countries’ emissions – impact to air quality in other

regions?

Issue: air pollution effects on climate – prospects for integration