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What is any number system?What are digits?What is a number?

What do u mean by place value of digit in number?What do you mean by Memory Address line?What do you mean by Memory Data line?What do you mean by Memory Height?

What do you mean by Memory Width?What is the last possible address of memory,starting from

0000h?What is the heart of your processor/Controller?What do you mean by !CD"#?What is d difference bet$een general instructions and

specific instructions?What do you mean by #tac%?What is #tac% !ointer?

What is the memory Mapping?

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What do u mean by Mnemonics?What do u mean by Directives?  What do u mean by Assembler?

What do u mean by Compiler?What do u mean by He& file?What do u mean by header file?What do u mean by big endian/'ittle endian?Why does address n datalines multiple&ed in most

 processor and controller?Ho$ can demultiple&ing of data and address line be done?What is the need of interrupt?What is the interrupt enabling?

What is interrupt generation?What is vector address?What is interrupt priority?What is need of perating system?

What is pipeling?

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 (umber #ystem

Digits nothing but symbols used in that system and possible combinati

  of these digits is nothing but numbers in that number system.

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Conclusions aboutNumber System?

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• If you want to give a unique address to eachlocation then,How much minimum address bits arerequired in binary?

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• If we use two bits for eachlocation,then…

00

0

0

00 !epeated

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• If we use three bits for eachlocation,then…

000

00

00

000

0

0

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• "o we reqired three address lines….

000

00

00

000

0

0

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• "o we reqired three address lines….

000

00

00

000

0

0

011

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• "o we reqired three address lines….

000

00

00

000

0

0

011

00000

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nclusions about memo

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• #rocessor basics$%0%&'

#(

(#)

*emory

#(,#lease

tell mewhereshould I goin memoryto ta+eopcode?

oto00

b

-ddress line of *emory00

hh…(#) wantscontents of

00b…I willsearch

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• #rocessor basics$%0%&'

#(

(#)

*emory

0000

000

00000

000

0

11/////

0

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• #rocessor basics$%0%&'

#(

(#)

*emory

/////

Decoder

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our 1ypes of *emories2%0%&

34trernal*emory$5678 ma4combination of !-* or!*'

"1-(7 

#rogram

9#(D3"

Data

"tac+ #ointer

#rogram(ounter

8 c

D 3

H :

#";

-

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-DI 0&H. :et us assume that theaccumulator

contains the result of previous operationi.e., 0

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our 1ypes of *emories2%0%&

#rogram

9#(D3"

#rogram

(ounter=0

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our 1ypes of *emories2%0%&

#rogram

(ounter=00

(#)

=0

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MVI B, data

Tressa Michael

  m ng agram or pco e e c cyc e or

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085 timing diagram for Opcode fetch cycle for MOV C ! "

g g p y ! "

Tressa Michael

INR M

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INR M

Tressa Michael

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ADD M

Tressa Michael

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S#! addr

Tressa Michael

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our 1ypes of *emories2

Internal

Data$=%8ytes

!-*'

%0&

Internal

#rogram

$67b

!*'

#!10@%0H

"#@%H

D#:@%=H D#H@%