eog review 2011. 5 levels of organization cells tissue organs organ system organisms
TRANSCRIPT
Cell Theory (3 Parts)
• Every thing is made-up of 1 or more cells• Cells carry out the functions needed to
support life• Cells come only from other living cells
Prokaryotic Cells (characteristics)
• Unicellular• No nucleus• No membrane-bound nucleus
• Example: bacteria
Eukaryotic (characteristics)
• Multicellular • Some are single-celled ( protist)• Nucleus• A distinct membrane bound nucleus
organelles
• Examples: Plants and Animals
Cell Division
• Cell Division occurs in all organisms , but performs different functions.
• Unicellular organisms reproduce cell division.• In multicellular organisms, cell division is
involved in growth , development ,and repair , as well as in reproduction.
Cell Cycle
Interphase :• Is the part of the cell cycle during which a cell
is not dividing .• Much activity takes place in this phase of the
cells life
Viruses
• Non-living Organisms• Consist of a protein coat ( protection) capsidExamples:Chicken pox SmallpoxAIDS HerpesPolio Common ColdInfluenza
Bacteria
Shapes of Bacteria
• Coccus-Round• Bacillus – Rod• Spirillium- Spiral
Images
Coccus
Bacillus
Spirillium
Bacteria
• Bacteria are prokaryotic cells that can be harmful to the host in which it lives by reproducing and damaging tissue.
• When bacteria cause disease they are called pathogens
Helpful Bacteria
• Food Production• Sewage Treatment• Industrial chemical production• Nitrogen Fixers• Cleaning up the Environment• Supply Vitamins we need in our intestines
Harmful Bacteria
• Strep throat• Whooping cough• Botulism• Salmonella• Ear Infections• Bacterial Pneumonia
Immune System and Disease
• Diseases that spread from one person to another are called contagious diseases
• How diseases Spread• Direct contact• Indirect contact
Vectors and Carriers
• An animal that carries disease is called a vector
• Examples:• Rats Mosquitoes• Cats • Ticks • Dogs• Fleas
Vectors and Carriers
• Mosquitoes- malaria• Ticks- Lyme Disease• Tseste Fly- African Sleeping Sickness
Bacteria and Viruses Reproductive Potential
• Bacteria and viruses can grow in large numbers in a very short time frame. When cells divide, the cells made continue to divide
• Example: 1 cell becomes 2• 2 cells become 4• 4 cells become 8• 8 cells become 16
Formula to predict number of Microbes
• N= N₀ x 2˚
• N= number of microbes• N˚= original population number• n= number of generations• Example: If an original population contained
50 bacteria, after 5 generations the final population would be ?
Antibodies
• Substances produced by our bodies which help us against diseases by attacking pathogens
How do you treat bacterial infections?
• Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics
• Antibiotics: Drugs that kill harmful bacteria
How do you treat viral infections?
• Viral infections can be treated with anti-viral medications.
• These antiviral medications are not a cure for the viral disease but only help with the symptoms of the disease