인도철학회(ksip) | 『인도철학』(issn: 1226-3230), kci...
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** 1)
. . .
.
[: , , , , , , , , ]
* 2014 ()
(NRF-2014S1A5A2A03064972). ** . [email protected]
. , ‘’ . Paul Williams(1998) (self-awareness) . “self-awareness (ii)” Zahavi(2005) Dreyfus(2011) . , . . .
6 52
,
.
. ,
,
. ,
(Iso Kern 1988),
.
(Dan Zahavi) (Evan Thompson)
(Paul Williams 1998) (Geoges Dreyfus 1997; 2011)
.
,
.
(self-cognition, self-awareness)
,
(Self-awareness) 7
‘ ’ .
. (Zahavi) (Logische Untersuchung)
.
(ii) (=intransitive sense)
(iii) “ ” “ ”
(=transitive sense)
,
(i) (unity), (ii) self-awareness
, (iii) .1) , (vijñna)
. (i) , (ii) 18 ,
(iii) .
, . (i) . “
,
(non-egological theory of consciousness) ”(Zahavi 2005:32) .
1) Zahavi(2005:31-32).
. “ ‘
(mineness)’ ” . “ , 1
,
”(Zahavi 2005:124) ‘’
.
,
, “
.
, ‘
(identity-pole)’
.”2) 1
,
, ‘mineness’
15 . (satkya-di) 20 , 5 5 (tma-di) 5 3 15 (tmya-di)3) ,
2) Dreyfus(2011:126). 3) 20 ASBh 7,3ff. . “5
.” 15 “[] .
[ ] .
. [ ] [] . .
[] .” (
, ASBh .)
(Self-awareness) 9
.
. (iii) .
.
“
. ‘ ’
,
.”4) ,
(grhya) (grhaka)
. ,
. -
,
. (self-awareness)
, (Inneres Bewusstsein),
(Urbewusstsein) .5)
,
4) (2004:91). 5) Zahavi(2005:66-67). Ni(2010)
,
.
.
‘’ .
10 52
(das universale Korrelationsapriori)”6)
, (ii)
-
.
(Williams) self-awareness(ii)
. ,
, - (jñna) -
,
.
(rdzogs chen) , “
.
‘(sems nyid)’
.
, -
.”7)
. , self-awareness(ii)
,
(Kellner 2010) .
6) (2004:91). 7) Dreyfus (2011:122).
(Self-awareness) 11
, ,8)
.
. ,
.
.
. ,
(tman) ,
.
(satna/santati)
(W. James) Stream of Thought
. ,
.
12 52
,
. , , , , 5(pañca-vastu)
.
,
,
.
.
(Schmithausen 1987)
(laya-vijñna)
,
.
‘’
,
. ‘(svasavedana)’ Dignga(
)
. Pramasamuccaya (pratyaka) ‘’
. Dharmakrti() “
”(sarvacittacaittnm tmasavedanam: Nyyabindu 1.10) .
,9) Bha-Mms Nyya
, Prbhkra-Mms,
(Self-awareness) 13
, .11)
‘’
(Paul Williams) svasavedana ‘
(self-awareness)’ . The Reflexive Nature of Awareness(1998) Thub bstan chos kyi grags pa(1823-19 05) BCA 9
. “self-awareness (i)”
(grhakkra)
(grhykra)
. self-awareness(i)
.
, ,
.12) “self-awareness(ii)” “ (mere luminosity)”
“ (mere awareness)”,
(reflexivity)13)
9) - (2013, 2014) . 10) Kellner(2010:204) . 11) Yao(2005) . 12) Williams(1998:11). 13) Williams reflexivity ‘’
(amala-vijñna) ‘ ()
.
, 8 , ( (HB1, 218a20-b1): , , . , , , .
14 52
. mere lu- minosity , - .
(reflexivity) , ntarakita
.14)
. (Yao 2005) ,
.
Madhyamakvatra
,15)
,16)
(Srotpanna)
. 2
self-awareness(ii) ,
, self-awareness(i)
(Yao 2005:142).
, 2
. (B. Kellner 2010)
. .)
. 14) Williams(1998:19-21) 15) Yao(2005:6-7) 16) ‘’( )
(1988:175f.) .
(Self-awareness) 15
. ,
,
.
.
“( ) ( )
( )
.
,
”(Kellner 2010:228) .
, ,
.
,
self-awareness(ii) ,
. self-awareness(i)
.
-
,
16 52
(asavidita)”17) “ (aparicchinna)”
,
.
operational orientation .18)
self-awareness(ii) ,
“mere luminosity”, “mere awareness”
. “mere luminosity” self-awareness(ii) “
”
,
, .
“ ”
. .
,
3
. (1998:188)
17)
Schmithausen 1987:93 . asavidita
Tr 3ab SNS VIII.37.1.1.: brtan pa dang snod rnam par rig pa <mi rig pa>’i ni ‘di lta ste/ len pa’i rnam par shes pa’i’o// .
Schmithausen 1987:n.629 . 18) Dreyfus(2011; 145)
operational orientation
.
(nirbhsa/pratibhsa) (vijñna-parima) 19)
.
,
3/3 . 3
, /
3 . 3
,
,
.
. ‘’ ,
.
‘’
19) (2015:30) “ … ‘’ ‘’.
‘’ .” .
18 52
,
.
.
(SNS VI.7-8) ,
, ,20)
.
(SNS VI.7),
(SNS VI.8). 3
,
. ,
(nimitta) , .
(SNS V.3-4) (dna-vijñna)
6
. 6
, .21)
20) SNS VI.4-6 3
, ,
.
(Self-awareness) 19
.
“ . (nimitta), , , , ··· .
.”22) (SNS VI.7
)
.
21) 2018 3 30
“ ‘
, ’ ··· ‘(asavidita)’ ’
(aparicchinna)‘ ’(sukma)‘
,
.”
5, 6 .
. ’‘ SNS V.
.
. 22) SNS VI.7: ’di lta ste dper na/ skyes bu gang zag rab rib can gyi mig la
rab rib kyi skyon chags pa de lta bur ni kun brtags pa’i mtshan nyid blta bar bya’o// yon tan ’byung gnas ’di lta ste dper na/ de nyid la rab rib kyi mtshan ma skra bshad ’dzings pa’am/ sbrang ma’am/ ti la gyi ’bru’am/ sngon po’i mtshan ma’am/ ser po’i mtshan ma’am/ dmar po’i mtshan ma’am/ dkar po’i mtshan ma snang bar gyur pa de lta bur ni gzhan gyi dbang gi mtshan nyid du blta bar bya’o// yon tan ’byung gnas ’di lta ste dper na/ skyes bu gang zag de nyid kyi mig yongs su dag cing mig la rab rib kyi skyon chags pa dang bral bar gyur pa na/ mig de nyid kyi rang bzhin gyi spyod yul ma nor ba’i spyod yul de lta bur ni yongs su grub pa’i mtshan nyid du blta bar bya’o//
20 52
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
‘’(snang ba, skt. *pratibhsa/nirbh- sa) . MAV I.3
,
.
“(nimitta) ” , x-
x-
.
x-,
. (spha- ika) ,
, 6
.
(Self-awareness) 21
(bhrnti)
.
(kra) . ,
. x-
,
, , x- .23)
,
,
.
, ,
.
(sphaika)
.
.
, .
“
,
,
23) SNS VI.11 “ (mtshan nyid med pa’i chos)”, “ (kun nas nyon mongs pa’i mtshan nyid kyi chos)”, “
(rnam par byang ba’i mtshan nyid kyi chos)”
.
,
.
,
.”24) (SNS VI.9 )
3
. (i) = , (ii)
= , (iii) = , (iv)
= .
24) SNS VI.8-9; ’di lta ste dper na/ shel shin tu gsal ba ni gang gi tshe tshon (ed. tshe na, ) sngon po dang phrad par gyur pa de’i tshe ni nor du rin po che an dha rnyil dang/ mthon ka chen po lta bur snang bar ’gyur zhing/ nor bu rin po che an dha rnyil dang mthon ka chen por log par ’dzin pas kyang sems can rnams rnam par rmongs par byed do// ··· ’di lta ste dper na shel shin tu gsal ba [la] tshon dang phrad pa de lta bur ni gzhan gyi dbang gi mtshan nyid la kun brtags pa’i mtshan nyid kyi tha snyad kyi bag chags su blta bar bya’o// ’di lta ste dper na/ shel shin tu gsal ba la nor bu rin po che an dha rnyil dang/ mthon ka chen po dang/ pa dma ral dang/ ma rgad dang/ gser du log par ’dzin pa lta bur ni gzhan gyi dbang gi mtshan nyid la kun brtags pa’i mtshan nyid du ’dzin pa blta bar bya’o// yon tan ’byung gnas ’di lta ste dper na/ shel shin tu gsal ba de nyid lta bur ni gzhan gyi dbang gi mtshan nyid blta bar bya’o// ’di lta ste dper na/ shel shin tu gsal ba nyid nor bu rin po che an dha rnyil dang/ mthon ka chen po dang pa dma ral dang ma rgad dang/ gser gyi mtshan nyid der rtag pa rtag pa’i dus dang/ ther zug ther zug gi dus su yongs su ma grub cing ngo bo nyid med pa de [nyid] de lta bur ni gzhan gyi dbang gi mtshan nyid de/ kun brtags pa’i mtshan nyid der rtag pa rtag pa’i dus dang/ ther zug ther zug gi dus su yongs su ma grub cing ngo bo nyid med pa nyid kyis yongs su grub pa’i mtshan nyid blta bar bya’o//
(Self-awareness) 23
.
,
‘’
,
,
, ‘’
.
.
‘’ ‘x- ’
3
.
, ‘x-
’25)
. ‘x-’
x
. x
, x
.
,26)
25) ‘x- ’ ‘ … ’, nor bu rin po che an dha rnyil dang/ mthon ka chen po lta bur snang bar ’gyur zhing/ … log par ‘dzin pas. ‘x-’ “x ”
. 26)
.
24 52
‘x- ’ x-
. , x
,
.
.
.
,
,
. ‘’
.
. (=) (=
) ,
(nirkrajñnavda) .
,
.27)
,
.
(2016) .
(Self-awareness) 25
.
(svasavedana),
.
,
.
, ,
.
“”28)
.
.
() (SNS V.5; T 16: 692c2-4)
27) SNS VII.13 “ ”
. 28) “(shin tu gsal ba)”
“(shin tu yongs su dag pa)”, “(shin tu yongs su dag pa)” .
. (SNS VII.7)
,
.
26 52
‘’
. (laya-vijñna) (citta)
(dna-vijñna)
,
. ,
,
,
.
6
(*daramaala) (pratibimba)
.
, , 6
.
. (i)
, “(tmabhva)
[] ”29)
,
,
‘’
. ,
. “ ”
,
29) SNS V.3: rnam par shes pa de ni len pa’i rnam par shes pa zhes kyang bya ste/ ‘di ltar des lus ’di bzung zhing blangs pa’i phyir ro//
(Self-awareness) 27
, 6 (pravtti-vijñna)
.30) , ‘’
,
.
. “ , ”(mtshan ma dang ming dang rnam par rtog pa la tha snyad ’dogs pa’i spros pa’i bag chag: SNS V.2) .
“ ” . “
, ”(SNS VIII.37.1.1)31)
. ,
,
.
. (ii)
.
30) , ‘ →
’ . .
‘’ , .
,
(synchronic) . 31) SNS VIII.37.1.1: brtan pa dang snod rnam par rig pa <mi rig pa>’i ni ’di
lta ste/ len pa’i rnam par shes pa’i’o//.
Schmithausen 1987:89 + n.629 . Tr 3ab(asaviditakopdisthnavijñaptika ca tat) TrBh 19,10ff. .
28 52
6 ,
(*nimitta-bhga) .
[] (hetu-parim a) (phala-parima) 32) , 8
.33) ,
? ?
?
,
.
,
.
·
, ‘’
. . “”
,
32) TrBh 48,15-20 “
”, “
” ,
33) (HB1, 230a2-6): . . . .
(Self-awareness) 29
“ ()”(T 16:694b3)
. ,
, 6
, (synchronic)
.
(diachronic) .
.
() (SNS VIII.7; T 16:698b6-9), .
.
,
34) . (vijñaptimtra) .
,
. . .
“!
, ?” [] . “! ,
34) Schmithausen(1984) , ,
lambanavijñaptimtraprabhvita vijñnam .
Matsuda .
30 52
. ! , (: ) ( : ) , ‘ ’ .
(: ) .
[] .”35)
.
,
.
. ‘’
.36) ‘’
gzugs(=rpa) ‘’(, )
35) SNS VIII.7(=T 16:698b2-9): bcom ldan ’das ting nge ’dzin gyi spyod yul gzugs brnyan de gal te sems de las tha dad pa ma lags na/ sems de nyid kyis sems de nyid la ji ltar rtog par bgyid lags/ bka’ stsal pa/ de la chos gang yang chos gang la yang rtog par mi byed mod kyi/ ’on kyang de ltar skyes pa’i sems gang yin pa de de ltar snang ngo// byams pa ’di lta ste/ dper na/ gzugs la brten nas me long gi dkyil ’khor shin tu yongs su dag pa la gzugs nyid mthong yang gzugs brnyan mthong ngo snyam du sems te/ de la gzugs de dang/ gzugs brnyan snang ba de don tha dad par snang ngo// de bzhin du de ltar skyes pa’i sems de dang/ ting nge ’dzin gyi spyod yul gzugs brnyan zhes bya ba gang yin pa de yang de las don gzhan yin pa lta bur snang ngo//
36) (1982:12) ‘’ ,
. Keenan(1991:53) The Scripture on the Explication of Underlying Meaning ‘’
“material shape”, ‘’ “underlying material thing”
, ‘ ’
.
Yao(2005:125) ‘’ ‘form(bimba)’, ‘’ ‘form itself’
.
(Self-awareness) 31
, ‘’ .
,
gzugs ‘’
. ‘’
(gzugs nyid) “ (*rpam eva)”
‘’ .
(=) (=gzugs)
.
, ‘’ ‘’
,
. (HB1: 307, 2ff.)
.
. “ ,
.
,
.” ‘’ ‘’
.
“” . “
. , .
.” ,
32 52
‘’ , .
. ‘’
‘’
. ,
,
,
. ‘’ ‘’ .
‘’ ‘’ ,37)
‘ (reflected form)’
bimba , bimba ‘
(reflected image)’ pratibimba
.
-
, bimba pratibimba(=) bimba
. ‘ ’ bimba pratibimba
. bimba
. bimba
pratibimba , ,
. ‘ ’ ,
37) HB1, 307a20: . “” .
‘’ ‘’ .
(Self-awareness) 33
. Byang chub rdzu ’phrul
SNSVy “ ”
“
” . “ ” “
,
(rang rig pa'i tshul gyis)
.” .38)
‘’ .
. “ :
(byed pa po)
(las su gyur pa),
?
.
‘ …’
. ···
38) SNSVy(P) 193a8-b4: de la gzugs brnyan de rnam par rig pa tsam du zad pa'i phyir te zhes bya bas ni gzugs brnyan de sems kyi ngo bo nyid yin pa'i phyir sems de dang tha dad pa ma yin te / de ltar tha dad pa ma yin par rtogs pa nyid rnam par mi rtog pa'i shes pa rtogs pa yin no zhes bstan to// 'o na sems dang gzugs brnyan zhes gdags su yang ji ltar rung snyam pa las rnam par shes pa ni dmigs pa rnam par rig pa tsam gyis rab tu phye ba yin no zhes ngas bshad do zhes bya ba gsungs te/ rnam par shes pa nyid gzugs brnyan gyi dmigs pa lta bur snang bas sems dang gzugs brnyan zhes gdags su yang rung la/ sems kyi ngo bo nyid las tha mi dad pa'i gzugs brnyan de ni rang rig pa'i tshul gyis rnam par rig pa ni rnam par shes pa'i mtshan nyid yin no zhes bstan to//
34 52
.
,
“ (thematic awareness)”40) .
“ (non-thematic awareness)”
,
.
.
(Jñnarmitra) Skrasiddhi .
. “
.
.”41)
39) SNSVy(P 193b6-8): de la gzhan dag 'di snyam du rtog par byed pa'i sems ni byed pa por gyur pa yin la brtag par bya ba gzugs brnyan ni las su gyur pa yin na / ji ltar de gnyis tha dad pa ma yin par rung ste / 'jig rten ni byed pa po dang las ni tha dad par snang ba'i phyir ro snyam pa la / yang dag par na tha dad pa ma yin pa nyid du bstan pa'i phyir / byams pa de la chos gang yang chos gang la yang rtog par mi byed mod kyi zhes bya ba gsungs te / ··· de ltar byed pa po dang las su gyur pa'i tshul gyis rtog par byed pa ni 'ga' yang med par ston to //
40) ( thematic awareness) (non-thematic awareness)
Zahavi(2005:62f.)
(2011:120f.) . 41) Skrasiddhi, p. 478, 4-5: cittam arthbhsa pravartata ity api
(Self-awareness) 35
.
-
, ,
. “ ”
.
,
.
.
,42)
. SNSVy
. SNSVy(P 194b5-6)
.43) ,
svasavedanam eva nivedayati, vedyavedakayo ekkarat/. Jñnarmitra
Yao(2005:125) . p. 151, n. 15
pravartata[m] ,
. (
PhD candidate .) 42) Schmithausen(1973:167-168). 43) SNSVy(P 194b5-6): de ltar mnyam par gzhag pa'i sa pa'i ting nge 'dzin
gyi spyod yul gzugs brnyan de 'ba' zhig sems dang tha dad pa ma yin par zad dam/ 'on te mnyam par ma bzhag pa'i sa pa'i sems can rnam
36 52
.
3 ,
. (SNS VI.6)
.44)
(SNS VII.7) ‘’
. ‘’
, ? 2
‘self-awareness (ii)’
.
, “mere luminosity” “mere awareness”
,
-
. ‘’
? (,
kyi spyod yul gzugs la sogs par snang ba de yang sems dang tha dad pa ma yin snyam pa dag gi phyir/ bcom ldan 'das sems kyi zhes bya ba la sogs pa zhus te/. “
,
, ‘, ’ .” 44) SNS VI.6: chos rnams kyi yongs su grub pa’i mtshan nyid gang zhe na/
chos rnams kyi de bzhin nyid gang yin pa ste/ byang chub sems dpa’ rnams kyis rtul pa’i rgyu dang/ legs par tshul bzhin yid la byas pa’i rgyus de rtogs shing de rtogs pa goms par byas pa yang dag par grub pas kyang bla na med pa yang dag par rdzogs pa’i byang chub kyi bar du yang dag par ’grub pa gang yin pa’o//
(Self-awareness) 37
x- ,
.
. “
?
. ?
(paramrtha)45)
,
.”46)
,
. []
(reflexive)
, “mere lumi- nosity” .
,
. ?
“
(paramrtha)47)
45) paramrtha paramo ’rtha(‘ ’)
. 46) SNS VII.6: chos rnams kyi don dam pa ngo bo nyid med pa nyid gang
zhe na/ rten cing ’brel par ’byung ba’i chos gang dag skye ba ngo bo nyid med pa nyid kyis ngo bo nyid med pa de dag ni don dam pa’i ngo bo nyid med pa nyid kyis ngo bo nyid med pa’ang yin no// de ci’i phyir zhe na/ don dam yang dag ’phags/ chos rnams la rnam par dag pa’i dmigs pa gang yin pa de ni ngas don dam pa yin par yongs su bstan la/ gzhan gyi dbang gi mtshan nyid de ni rnam par dag pa’i dmigs pa ma yin pas de’i phyir don dam pa’i ngo bo nyid med pa nyid ces bya’o//
38 52
”48) .
,
. ( 2016)
, -
.
,
,
. ,
,
.
,
.
47) paramrtha tatpurua paramasya jñnasyrtha(“ ”) .
48) SNS VII.6: gzhan yang chos rnams kyi yongs su grub pa’i mtshan nyid gang yin pa de’ang don dam pa ngo bo nyid med pa nyid ces bya’o// de ci’i phyir zhe na/ … chos rnams kyi chos bdag med pa gang yin pa de ni/ de dag gi ngo bo nyid med pa nyid ces bya ste/ de ni don dam pa yin la/ don dam pa ni chos thams cad kyi ngo bo nyid med pa nyid kyis rab tu phye ba yin pas de’i phyir don dam pa ngo bo nyid med pa nyid ces bya’o//
(Self-awareness) 39
.
.
“ (sarvacittacaitt- nm tmasavedanam: Nyyabindu 1.10)”
. (Yao)
,
.
(Kellner 2011) ,
.
. Self- awareness(i)
. (reflexive) Self-awareness(ii) “mere lu- minosity” “mere awareness” .
, Self-aware- ness(ii)
. Self-awareness(ii) “mere luminosity”
-
40 52
.
, 3
. Self-awareness(ii)
3 , Self-awareness(ii)
, “”
Self-awareness(ii)
.
“”
,
.
,
.
.
,
. ,
. ‘’ .
(Self-awareness) 41
.
.
,
.
.
42 52
BoBh: Bodhisattvabhmi. Ed. by N. Dutt, 1978. D: sDe dge . HB: . : . MAVBh: Madhynta-vibhga-Bhya. Ed. by G. Nagao, 1964. MAVT: Madhynta-vibhga-k. Ed. by S. Yamaguchi, 1934. MSg: Mahynasagraha. see Nagao, 1982. P: . SNS: Sadhinirmocana Stra. Ed. by Étienne Lamotte, Louvain
1935. SNSVy: ’Phags pa dgongs pa nges par ’grel pa’i mdo’i rnam par
bshad pa (P no. 5845, vol. 144-5). Skra: Skrasiddhistra of Jñnarmitra. in:
Jñnarmitranibandhvali (TSWS 5). Ed. by A. Thakur, 1987.
T: . Tr: see TrBh TrBh: Triik-bhya. Ed. by Hartmut Buescher, Wien, 2007. (=HB) 1.
(2013). ‘’ , 39: 235-264.
(2014). ‘’ ‘’
(vedan) , 40: 71-104. (2015). , : b. (2013). : . :
. (2014). . . :
b. (, . : 2006).
(Self-awareness) 43
(amala-vijñna), 42. (2016). (vijñaptimtra) –
, 61. (2013). . ( ). : . (2004). : . (2013). () ‘ ’
, 38: 117-149. (2014). (vedyatva)
, 40. (2015). ‘’ ,
59. (2016). ‘’ ‘’
, 61.
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Fukihara, Shshin (1988). : . : .
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46 52
Abstract
Theory of the Self-Awareness of Consciousness and Three Characteristics in the
Sadhinirmocanastra
Ahn, Sungdoo (Seoul National University)
Recently, there have been some researches, which deal with the problems of consciousness from the comparative viewpoint, particularly between the Mind-Only school of Buddhism and Phenomenology. For it is believed that the Dialogue between the two traditions will enable us to under- stand the nature of consciousness more closely. This paper, motivated by these researches, aims at understanding the specific nature of ‘self-awareness’ of consciousness which was divided into ‘self-awareness (i)’ and ‘self-awareness (ii)’ by Paul Williams (1998). Particularly interesting is to see how his concept of ‘self-awareness (ii)’, defined as reflexive na- ture of consciousness by himself, is understood by various Buddhist scholars, such as G. Dreyfus (2011) and B. Kellner (2010). The former seems to understand it as a kind of pure knowledge in the sense of “Great perfection (Dzogs chen)”, whereas the latter excludes it from the Dharmakirtian inter- pretation of the ‘self-awareness’, which has been used as a kind of intentionality in Husserlian sense.
Relying on the explanation of Zahavi (2005) and some criticisms on it by Dreyfus (2011), I want to suggest that there may be found some considerations on the self-aware-
(Self-awareness) 47
ness in the Yogcra texts. I think, the meaning of ‘self-awareness (ii)’ can be more clearly delineated when we investigate its meaning from the viewpoint of the Three-Characteristics/-Natures of the Yogcra philosophy, for both theories are closely aiming at the explanation of the consciousness. So, my research for finding the clues of the theory of self-awareness (ii) in the Yogcra texts focuses actually on the Sadhinirmocanastra, particularly in the context where the theory of three Characteristics is defined and illustrated. In the illustration of crystal and clear mirror, I think, the meaning of the self-awareness was introduced for the first time in the Yogcra tradition.
My conclusion is that the ‘self-awareness (ii)’ is closely related to the state of paratantra-lakaa, in sofar as it is regarded as belonging to the perfected characteristics (parinipanna-lakaa). In my view, however, this aspect can not be identified with the parinipanna-lakaa per se. In this regard, it should be regarded as having some forms of intentionality.
Keywords: Self-Awareness, Similes of Mirror, Sadhinirmocanastra, Three-nature Theory, Subject-aspect, Object-aspect, Sublime Consciousness, Consciousness, Intentionality
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rab rib kyi skyon chags pa de lta bur ni kun brtags pa’i mtshan nyid blta bar bya’o// yon tan ’byung gnas ’di lta ste dper na/ de nyid la rab rib kyi mtshan ma skra bshad ’dzings pa’am/ sbrang ma’am/ ti la gyi ’bru’am/ sngon po’i mtshan ma’am/ ser po’i mtshan ma’am/ dmar po’i mtshan ma’am/ dkar po’i mtshan ma snang bar gyur pa de lta bur ni gzhan gyi dbang gi mtshan nyid du blta bar bya’o// yon tan ’byung gnas ’di lta ste dper na/ skyes bu gang zag de nyid kyi mig yongs su dag cing mig la rab rib kyi skyon chags pa dang bral bar gyur pa na/ mig de nyid kyi rang bzhin gyi spyod yul ma nor ba’i spyod yul de lta bur ni yongs su grub pa’i mtshan nyid du blta bar bya’o//
20 52
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(rnam par byang ba’i mtshan nyid kyi chos)”
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24) SNS VI.8-9; ’di lta ste dper na/ shel shin tu gsal ba ni gang gi tshe tshon (ed. tshe na, ) sngon po dang phrad par gyur pa de’i tshe ni nor du rin po che an dha rnyil dang/ mthon ka chen po lta bur snang bar ’gyur zhing/ nor bu rin po che an dha rnyil dang mthon ka chen por log par ’dzin pas kyang sems can rnams rnam par rmongs par byed do// ··· ’di lta ste dper na shel shin tu gsal ba [la] tshon dang phrad pa de lta bur ni gzhan gyi dbang gi mtshan nyid la kun brtags pa’i mtshan nyid kyi tha snyad kyi bag chags su blta bar bya’o// ’di lta ste dper na/ shel shin tu gsal ba la nor bu rin po che an dha rnyil dang/ mthon ka chen po dang/ pa dma ral dang/ ma rgad dang/ gser du log par ’dzin pa lta bur ni gzhan gyi dbang gi mtshan nyid la kun brtags pa’i mtshan nyid du ’dzin pa blta bar bya’o// yon tan ’byung gnas ’di lta ste dper na/ shel shin tu gsal ba de nyid lta bur ni gzhan gyi dbang gi mtshan nyid blta bar bya’o// ’di lta ste dper na/ shel shin tu gsal ba nyid nor bu rin po che an dha rnyil dang/ mthon ka chen po dang pa dma ral dang ma rgad dang/ gser gyi mtshan nyid der rtag pa rtag pa’i dus dang/ ther zug ther zug gi dus su yongs su ma grub cing ngo bo nyid med pa de [nyid] de lta bur ni gzhan gyi dbang gi mtshan nyid de/ kun brtags pa’i mtshan nyid der rtag pa rtag pa’i dus dang/ ther zug ther zug gi dus su yongs su ma grub cing ngo bo nyid med pa nyid kyis yongs su grub pa’i mtshan nyid blta bar bya’o//
(Self-awareness) 23
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24 52
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) ,
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(2016) .
(Self-awareness) 25
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.
.
() (SNS V.5; T 16: 692c2-4)
27) SNS VII.13 “ ”
. 28) “(shin tu gsal ba)”
“(shin tu yongs su dag pa)”, “(shin tu yongs su dag pa)” .
. (SNS VII.7)
,
.
26 52
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(dna-vijñna)
,
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(Self-awareness) 27
, 6 (pravtti-vijñna)
.30) , ‘’
,
.
. “ , ”(mtshan ma dang ming dang rnam par rtog pa la tha snyad ’dogs pa’i spros pa’i bag chag: SNS V.2) .
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, ”(SNS VIII.37.1.1)31)
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.
30) , ‘ →
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‘’ , .
,
(synchronic) . 31) SNS VIII.37.1.1: brtan pa dang snod rnam par rig pa <mi rig pa>’i ni ’di
lta ste/ len pa’i rnam par shes pa’i’o//.
Schmithausen 1987:89 + n.629 . Tr 3ab(asaviditakopdisthnavijñaptika ca tat) TrBh 19,10ff. .
28 52
6 ,
(*nimitta-bhga) .
[] (hetu-parim a) (phala-parima) 32) , 8
.33) ,
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,
.
,
.
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, ‘’
. . “”
,
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”, “
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33) (HB1, 230a2-6): . . . .
(Self-awareness) 29
“ ()”(T 16:694b3)
. ,
, 6
, (synchronic)
.
(diachronic) .
.
() (SNS VIII.7; T 16:698b6-9), .
.
,
34) . (vijñaptimtra) .
,
. . .
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34) Schmithausen(1984) , ,
lambanavijñaptimtraprabhvita vijñnam .
Matsuda .
30 52
. ! , (: ) ( : ) , ‘ ’ .
(: ) .
[] .”35)
.
,
.
. ‘’
.36) ‘’
gzugs(=rpa) ‘’(, )
35) SNS VIII.7(=T 16:698b2-9): bcom ldan ’das ting nge ’dzin gyi spyod yul gzugs brnyan de gal te sems de las tha dad pa ma lags na/ sems de nyid kyis sems de nyid la ji ltar rtog par bgyid lags/ bka’ stsal pa/ de la chos gang yang chos gang la yang rtog par mi byed mod kyi/ ’on kyang de ltar skyes pa’i sems gang yin pa de de ltar snang ngo// byams pa ’di lta ste/ dper na/ gzugs la brten nas me long gi dkyil ’khor shin tu yongs su dag pa la gzugs nyid mthong yang gzugs brnyan mthong ngo snyam du sems te/ de la gzugs de dang/ gzugs brnyan snang ba de don tha dad par snang ngo// de bzhin du de ltar skyes pa’i sems de dang/ ting nge ’dzin gyi spyod yul gzugs brnyan zhes bya ba gang yin pa de yang de las don gzhan yin pa lta bur snang ngo//
36) (1982:12) ‘’ ,
. Keenan(1991:53) The Scripture on the Explication of Underlying Meaning ‘’
“material shape”, ‘’ “underlying material thing”
, ‘ ’
.
Yao(2005:125) ‘’ ‘form(bimba)’, ‘’ ‘form itself’
.
(Self-awareness) 31
, ‘’ .
,
gzugs ‘’
. ‘’
(gzugs nyid) “ (*rpam eva)”
‘’ .
(=) (=gzugs)
.
, ‘’ ‘’
,
. (HB1: 307, 2ff.)
.
. “ ,
.
,
.” ‘’ ‘’
.
“” . “
. , .
.” ,
32 52
‘’ , .
. ‘’
‘’
. ,
,
,
. ‘’ ‘’ .
‘’ ‘’ ,37)
‘ (reflected form)’
bimba , bimba ‘
(reflected image)’ pratibimba
.
-
, bimba pratibimba(=) bimba
. ‘ ’ bimba pratibimba
. bimba
. bimba
pratibimba , ,
. ‘ ’ ,
37) HB1, 307a20: . “” .
‘’ ‘’ .
(Self-awareness) 33
. Byang chub rdzu ’phrul
SNSVy “ ”
“
” . “ ” “
,
(rang rig pa'i tshul gyis)
.” .38)
‘’ .
. “ :
(byed pa po)
(las su gyur pa),
?
.
‘ …’
. ···
38) SNSVy(P) 193a8-b4: de la gzugs brnyan de rnam par rig pa tsam du zad pa'i phyir te zhes bya bas ni gzugs brnyan de sems kyi ngo bo nyid yin pa'i phyir sems de dang tha dad pa ma yin te / de ltar tha dad pa ma yin par rtogs pa nyid rnam par mi rtog pa'i shes pa rtogs pa yin no zhes bstan to// 'o na sems dang gzugs brnyan zhes gdags su yang ji ltar rung snyam pa las rnam par shes pa ni dmigs pa rnam par rig pa tsam gyis rab tu phye ba yin no zhes ngas bshad do zhes bya ba gsungs te/ rnam par shes pa nyid gzugs brnyan gyi dmigs pa lta bur snang bas sems dang gzugs brnyan zhes gdags su yang rung la/ sems kyi ngo bo nyid las tha mi dad pa'i gzugs brnyan de ni rang rig pa'i tshul gyis rnam par rig pa ni rnam par shes pa'i mtshan nyid yin no zhes bstan to//
34 52
.
,
“ (thematic awareness)”40) .
“ (non-thematic awareness)”
,
.
.
(Jñnarmitra) Skrasiddhi .
. “
.
.”41)
39) SNSVy(P 193b6-8): de la gzhan dag 'di snyam du rtog par byed pa'i sems ni byed pa por gyur pa yin la brtag par bya ba gzugs brnyan ni las su gyur pa yin na / ji ltar de gnyis tha dad pa ma yin par rung ste / 'jig rten ni byed pa po dang las ni tha dad par snang ba'i phyir ro snyam pa la / yang dag par na tha dad pa ma yin pa nyid du bstan pa'i phyir / byams pa de la chos gang yang chos gang la yang rtog par mi byed mod kyi zhes bya ba gsungs te / ··· de ltar byed pa po dang las su gyur pa'i tshul gyis rtog par byed pa ni 'ga' yang med par ston to //
40) ( thematic awareness) (non-thematic awareness)
Zahavi(2005:62f.)
(2011:120f.) . 41) Skrasiddhi, p. 478, 4-5: cittam arthbhsa pravartata ity api
(Self-awareness) 35
.
-
, ,
. “ ”
.
,
.
.
,42)
. SNSVy
. SNSVy(P 194b5-6)
.43) ,
svasavedanam eva nivedayati, vedyavedakayo ekkarat/. Jñnarmitra
Yao(2005:125) . p. 151, n. 15
pravartata[m] ,
. (
PhD candidate .) 42) Schmithausen(1973:167-168). 43) SNSVy(P 194b5-6): de ltar mnyam par gzhag pa'i sa pa'i ting nge 'dzin
gyi spyod yul gzugs brnyan de 'ba' zhig sems dang tha dad pa ma yin par zad dam/ 'on te mnyam par ma bzhag pa'i sa pa'i sems can rnam
36 52
.
3 ,
. (SNS VI.6)
.44)
(SNS VII.7) ‘’
. ‘’
, ? 2
‘self-awareness (ii)’
.
, “mere luminosity” “mere awareness”
,
-
. ‘’
? (,
kyi spyod yul gzugs la sogs par snang ba de yang sems dang tha dad pa ma yin snyam pa dag gi phyir/ bcom ldan 'das sems kyi zhes bya ba la sogs pa zhus te/. “
,
, ‘, ’ .” 44) SNS VI.6: chos rnams kyi yongs su grub pa’i mtshan nyid gang zhe na/
chos rnams kyi de bzhin nyid gang yin pa ste/ byang chub sems dpa’ rnams kyis rtul pa’i rgyu dang/ legs par tshul bzhin yid la byas pa’i rgyus de rtogs shing de rtogs pa goms par byas pa yang dag par grub pas kyang bla na med pa yang dag par rdzogs pa’i byang chub kyi bar du yang dag par ’grub pa gang yin pa’o//
(Self-awareness) 37
x- ,
.
. “
?
. ?
(paramrtha)45)
,
.”46)
,
. []
(reflexive)
, “mere lumi- nosity” .
,
. ?
“
(paramrtha)47)
45) paramrtha paramo ’rtha(‘ ’)
. 46) SNS VII.6: chos rnams kyi don dam pa ngo bo nyid med pa nyid gang
zhe na/ rten cing ’brel par ’byung ba’i chos gang dag skye ba ngo bo nyid med pa nyid kyis ngo bo nyid med pa de dag ni don dam pa’i ngo bo nyid med pa nyid kyis ngo bo nyid med pa’ang yin no// de ci’i phyir zhe na/ don dam yang dag ’phags/ chos rnams la rnam par dag pa’i dmigs pa gang yin pa de ni ngas don dam pa yin par yongs su bstan la/ gzhan gyi dbang gi mtshan nyid de ni rnam par dag pa’i dmigs pa ma yin pas de’i phyir don dam pa’i ngo bo nyid med pa nyid ces bya’o//
38 52
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(Self-awareness) 39
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40 52
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42 52
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Abstract
Theory of the Self-Awareness of Consciousness and Three Characteristics in the
Sadhinirmocanastra
Ahn, Sungdoo (Seoul National University)
Recently, there have been some researches, which deal with the problems of consciousness from the comparative viewpoint, particularly between the Mind-Only school of Buddhism and Phenomenology. For it is believed that the Dialogue between the two traditions will enable us to under- stand the nature of consciousness more closely. This paper, motivated by these researches, aims at understanding the specific nature of ‘self-awareness’ of consciousness which was divided into ‘self-awareness (i)’ and ‘self-awareness (ii)’ by Paul Williams (1998). Particularly interesting is to see how his concept of ‘self-awareness (ii)’, defined as reflexive na- ture of consciousness by himself, is understood by various Buddhist scholars, such as G. Dreyfus (2011) and B. Kellner (2010). The former seems to understand it as a kind of pure knowledge in the sense of “Great perfection (Dzogs chen)”, whereas the latter excludes it from the Dharmakirtian inter- pretation of the ‘self-awareness’, which has been used as a kind of intentionality in Husserlian sense.
Relying on the explanation of Zahavi (2005) and some criticisms on it by Dreyfus (2011), I want to suggest that there may be found some considerations on the self-aware-
(Self-awareness) 47
ness in the Yogcra texts. I think, the meaning of ‘self-awareness (ii)’ can be more clearly delineated when we investigate its meaning from the viewpoint of the Three-Characteristics/-Natures of the Yogcra philosophy, for both theories are closely aiming at the explanation of the consciousness. So, my research for finding the clues of the theory of self-awareness (ii) in the Yogcra texts focuses actually on the Sadhinirmocanastra, particularly in the context where the theory of three Characteristics is defined and illustrated. In the illustration of crystal and clear mirror, I think, the meaning of the self-awareness was introduced for the first time in the Yogcra tradition.
My conclusion is that the ‘self-awareness (ii)’ is closely related to the state of paratantra-lakaa, in sofar as it is regarded as belonging to the perfected characteristics (parinipanna-lakaa). In my view, however, this aspect can not be identified with the parinipanna-lakaa per se. In this regard, it should be regarded as having some forms of intentionality.
Keywords: Self-Awareness, Similes of Mirror, Sadhinirmocanastra, Three-nature Theory, Subject-aspect, Object-aspect, Sublime Consciousness, Consciousness, Intentionality