EOCT REVIEW

COFFEY REVIEW ANSWER KEY

Answers • MAP1: This was the 1st successful English

Colony in the New World? – Jamestown

• MAP2: He founded this New England Colony in 1636 because he was kicked out of Mass. Bay due to his conflicting beliefs with the Puritan doctrine. – Roger Williams, Rhode Island

• MAP3: What are the 4 middle colonies?– Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York and New

Jersey (Dutch)

• 1. The Virginia Company established a legislative assembly that was similar to England’s Parliament and was the first European-type legislative body in the New World? – House of Burgess

• 2. I was the reason the Jamestown colony was successful? – Tobacco cultivation

• 3. Bacons Rebellion was between? – Poor English and slave colonists staged an uprising VS. the

governor and his landowning supporters• What was it over:

– Land - Native Americans (Powhatan) • What was the result:

– Transition form indentured severent to slave labor

• 4. Why were all of the New England colonies founded? – Religious freedom

• 5. New England Communities were often run using ____________________, unless the king had established control over the colony. – Town meetings

• 6. This was fought between Indians and New England settlers over land? – King Phillip’s War ,

• 7. Causes of the __________________included extreme religious faith, stress from a growing population and its bad relations with Native Americans. – Salem witch trials

• MAP: Why do you think the French settlement of Quebec will eventually cause conflict the English Settlers?

• Would allow French colonist to get in front of English settlement and cause tension over land

• 1. What two things did the theory of mercantilism inspire the British government (King and Parliament) to do?

• view its American colonies as sources of wealth that would make Britain wealthier and stronger.

• Put restrictions (Navigation Acts) on colonial trade, so they could only sell to GB.

MAP: Label routes 1, 2, and 3 with was transported along them. MAP: What was the name for the entire trade route?

raw materials

manufactured goods

slaves

Middle Passage

Trans-Atlantic

or Triangle Trade

• 2. Define social mobility and individualism, and describe the impact they had on Benjamin Franklin. – Individualism: sought ways to improve himself– social mobility: to rise in society– Born poor but challenged himself and became a

world’s leading authors, philosophers, scientists, inventors, and politicians.

• 3. As a result of the Great Awakening, some people started to support this idea? – saying that America needed to cut its ties with Britain

to keep its religion pure

Causes of the American Revolution

Cause Why

Treaty of Paris (1763)

gave the British government control of all of American colonies, and b/c of debt from F&I War caused Parliament to pass laws to tax the colonists

Proclamation of 1763

Americans were forbidden from settling beyond the Appalachian Mountains

Causes of the American Revolution

Cause Why

Stamp Act required the colonists to print certain items on paper bearing special stamps (similar to postage stamps), NO taxation without representation,

Intolerable Acts

punishment for the citizens of Boston for the Boston Tea Party, resulted in the Colonists calling for the 1st Continental Congress

Resistance

Group What They Did

Sons of Liberty

damaged British property, government offices and the homes of wealthy supporters of the British, stop distribution of the stamped paper, petitioned and rallied against GB control

Daughter of Liberty

Produced goods so the colonists would not need to rely on British imports.

Resistance

Group What They Did

Committees of Correspondences

Formed b/c colonist could not communicate publicly, exchanged written communications with another committee within or between the colonies,

Thomas Paine Wrote Common Sense, which persuaded many people to support independence form GB

Handout 2 - Answers: Matching

• ____: Valley Forge • ____: Charles Cornwallis• ____: George

Washington • ____: Battle of Yorktown• ____: Part 1 of DOI • ____: Benjamin Franklin • ____: Marquis de

Lafayette

• ____: Crossing of Delaware River

• ____: Thomas Jefferson • ____: Part 3 of DOI• ____: Continental Army• ____: Declaration of

Independence • ____: Part 2 of DOI• ____: 1783 Treaty of

Paris

A

BC

D

EF

G

HI

JK

L

M

N

Due to the fear of creating a strong federal government, the Colonist created the ____________________. After the Revolution, _________________ made it evident that a stronger central government was needed to deal with the nation’s problems. In May 1787, delegates meet in ___________ to strengthen the central government. People had different views on what the new government should do, and there were a number of compromises needed to save the Constitution. The ________________ was an agreement between ________ and _________ states, which agreed on the creation of a legislature branch with two chambers: House of Representatives, with representation based on _______________, and _________, with equal representation for all states.

Articles of Confederation Shay's Rebellion

Philadelphia

Great Compromise large small

Population Senate

The ____________________ was an agreement between Southern an northern States, which allowed states to count three-fifths of their slaves when calculating their entire population. To reassure people that the new government would not be too powerful, the framers of the Constitution created a ___________ government with divided powers, which were by the ideas borrowed form French political thinker ____________________. Powers were divided in two ways within the new government. First, power was divided between national and state governments. They also divided the central government into 3 sections, the ____________, ___________, and ___________ branches, and each branch had the power to cancel out the power of another branch. This concept is known as the system of __________________________.

3/5ths Compromise

limited

Executive Legislative Judicial

Charles de Montesquieu.

Checks and balances

The dispute over the constitution was not over. The _____________ opposed the ratification of the constitution because they believed it made the federal government too powerful and it did not include a __________________, which describe individual and states rights. To counter these claims, _________________, Alexander Hamilton, and others wrote a series of articles that supported ratification of the Constitution and explained the intent behind its major provisions. These articles were known as __________________, so supporters of the Constitution were known as ______________. The Federalist papers, the promise of the Bill of Rights, and the efforts of Federalists convinced a majority of voters to support the Constitution.

Anti-Federalist

Bill of Rights

James Madison

Federalist Papers Federalist

• What are the first ten amendments known as? – Bill of Rights

• Define the 1st amendment- – Guarantees freedom of religion, speech, press and

petition the government • Define the 10th amendment –

– Declares that powers not given to the national government, belong to the states or the people

• Washington’s response to this event showed his constitutional authority to enforce the law and that if Americans did not like a law, the way to change it was to petition Congress peacefully?– Whiskey Rebellion

• Write down 3 issues that Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson disagreed on? – 1.Loose vs. (TJ) Strict interpretation of Constitution – 2.Strong vs (TJ) Limited Federal government w/ shared

powers – 3.National Bank Constitutional vs. (TJ) Unconstitutional

• What did differences in opinions between Hamilton and Jefferson lead to? – Development of political parties, which is something

Washington warned against in his Farewell Address• How will Adams presidency be remembered?

– set examples that influenced future presidents, harsh political criticism from Vice President TJ

• What was the Northwest Territory? – The first U.S. governmental territory outside the original

states• Write down 3 things the Northwest Ordinance did?• 1. banned slavery in NWT, Ohio River boundary between

free and slave• 2. encourage westward expansion by organizing new states• 3. establishment of public schools in the NWT• What was the result of the Louisiana Purchase?

– the United States nearly doubled in geographic area• What did the Lewis and Clark do on their exploration?

– To explore, chart and map the geography, plants, animals, and people west of the Mississippi.

CAUSE

Fact: suspectedthe British were giving military support to Native Americans

War of

1812

Fact: Britain and the United States would never again wage war against each other

Fact: British practice of “impressment,” thecapturing of U.S. sailors and forcing them to serve in the British navy

Fact: heighten nationalist sentiments.

Effect

• Why was it important to build the nation’s infrastructure during this time period (Post-American Revolution)? – Travel was difficult for those trying to settle the

western lands• What 3 bodies of water does the Erie Canal connect and

what impact did it have on New York City? – Lake Erie -> Hudson River -> Atlantic Ocean at New

York City -> turned it center for trade • What did the Monroe Doctrine state?

– US would limit European influence prevent their colonization in the Western Hemisphere

Handout 3 – Answers • 1. C• 2. C• 3. D• 4. B (C. Manifest

Destiny • 5. D• 6. C (19th)

• 7. C• 8. C• 9. C• 10. D• 11. B

Handout 3 – AnswersDefine: Abolitionist – was some who want to end slavery

William Lloyd Garrison

a writer and editor, Published an antislavery newspaper (Liberator)

Fredrick Douglas

former slave, worked for Garrison, openly spoke out, published autobiographies and his own antislavery newspaper. (North Star)

Grimke Sisters southern women who publicly spoke out on the evils of slavery

• Why was the Missouri Compromise created? – statehood for Missouri would upset the U.S.

Senate’s equal balance between proslavery and antislavery senators.

• What was the result of Nat Turners Rebellion? – passed stricter laws for slaves.

• What would have the Wilmot Proviso done if it would have been passed? – Outlawed slavery in any territory gained as a

result of the Mexican American War.

CAUSE: southern states sought to nullify a high tariff (tax) Congress had passed on manufactured goods imported from Europe

EFFECT: development of sectionalism and the rise of the ideology of states’ rights (John C. Calhoun)

Nullification Crisis

• What is the following map describing?– The agreements between the north and south over the

expansion issue of slavery

• What was the line 36_30’?– Dividing line of free and slave states in the Louisiana

Territory established by the Missouri Compromise • What territory was opened to popular sovereignty by

the Compromise of 1850?– Utah and New Mexico

• What state was admitted as a free state with the Compromise of 1850?– California

• The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed part of this?– Missouri Compromise

• What is popular sovereignty?– People being able to vote on an issue

• Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Dred Scott Case

• John Browns Raid

EFFECT: Bleeding Kansas and popular sovereignty failed

EFFECT: Congress could not prohibit slavery in federal territories because slaves were property, open expansion of slavery

EFFECT: Increased tension between the South and North over the issue of slavery

• What caused South Carolina and a number of other southern stats to secede for the union and form the Confederate States of America (the “Confederacy”)– The Election of Abraham Lincoln as president in

1860• This was the most important task to Lincoln

and the major cause for the Civil War? – Preserve the Union

• What gave Lincoln the support he needed to go the war with the Confederacy?– Fort Sumter (1st battle of Civil War)

• According to the strategy box on page 43, what were three causes of the Civil War? Explain?

• differences of opinion about states’ rights, slavery, and economics (tariffs).

• According to the chart on page 44, what advantages did the north have over the South?

• More resources, people, food, weapons, and transportation

Handout 4 Answers• 28. Lincoln respond to Copperheads, or Southern

sympathizers, in the North by suspending this right. • Habeas Corpus • 25. This freed all slaves in the Confederate States, and hoped

to encourage slaves to escape; thus hurting the South manpower to fight, and made ending slavery a new goal for the troops.

• Emancipation proclamation • 26. He was named the Confederacy's president when the first

Southern states seceded from the Union in February of 1861. • Davis • 33. He was president of the United States during the Civil War,

issued the Emancipation Proclamations and promoted the 13th amendment.

• Lincoln

• 4. Northern general who burned Atlanta to the ground and form there continued on to his famous “ March to the sea” destroying everything in hopes to disrupt the south trading network.

• Sherman • 7. He was general in chief of Confederate armies, graduate

from U.S. Military Academy, West Point and lead the South to numerous victories over the larger and well more equipped Union Army?

• Lee• 17. Northern General, who captured control of the

Mississippi river in the Siege of Vicksburg, became commanding general of the Union army and accepted surrender for General Lee.

• Grant• 35. This southern General won the First battle of Bull Run,

fought under Gen, Lee at Antietam and died in battle. (Nickname and Last name)

• Stonewall Jackson

• 34. This battle was the deadliest one-day battle in American history and Lee’s failure to win encouraged Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

• Antietam • 36. This battle of the Civil war resulted in as many as 51,000

causalities making it the deadliest battle of the American Civil War and Lee gave up attempts to invade the Union.

• Gettysburg • 24. This battle resulted in the Union gaining control of the

Mississippi River and coupled with the Union victory at Gettysburg, was the turning point of the war.

• Vicksburg • 32. The taking of this city be Northern General Sherman

resulted in the South to now know it would lose the war, and the North knew it would win

• Atlanta

• 21. This helped shaped popular opinion in favor of preserving the Union and Raised spirits of Northerners who had grown weary of the war and upset of southern victories over the larger Union armies.

• Gettysburg Address• 15. In what document did Lincoln urged reconstruction of the

South “with malice toward none; with charity for all.” • Second inaugural address • 16. This is the term given to describe the re-building and

guidelines for remittance to the Union of South after the Civil War.

• Reconstruction • 22. Amendment that abolished slavery • Thirteenth • 29 (Across). Amendment that removed restrictions on voting

based on race, color, or ever having been a slave;• Fifteenth

• 1. Amendment that defined U.S. citizenship as including all persons born in the United States, including African Americans.

• Fourteenth • 23. Form of Reconstruction that wanted to readmit the

southern states to the Union as quickly as possible.• Presidential• 6. Form of Reconstruction called for much stricter

guidelines and harsher punishment for the South before they were allowed back in the union.

• Radical • 5. African American College established in Atlanta during

Reconstruction. • Morehouse • 29 (Down). Bureau created during Reconstruction that

helped to provide cloths, medical attention, food, education, and even land to African Americans coming out of slavery.

• Freedmans

• 8. He was impeached during Reconstruction because of his disagreed with congress over how Reconstruction of the South should occur. (First and Last Name)

• Andrew Johnson • 13. These were laws set up in the South during

Reconstruction that limited the rights of free blacks so much that they basically kept them living like slaves.

• Black Codes • 20. Organization founded by veterans of the Confederate

Army to fight against Reconstruction. (Abbreviation) • KKK • 12. Compromise of 1877 was an agreement where Southern

Democrats agreed to accept Republican Hayes as president if ________ troops were removed from the South.

• Federal

• 14. The election of 1876 and the corresponding Compromise of 1877 brought an end to this.

• Reconstruction• 3. Owners of this industry were given vast areas of land, in

hopes of increasing settlement into the western lands. • Railroad • 19. This group of immigrants were responsible for the

construction of the transcontinental railroad, accepted lower pay than other laborers demanded and work in dangerous conditions.

• Chinese • 18. The rapid rise of the __________ and railroad industries

between the end of the Civil War and early 1900s spurred the growth of other big businesses, especially in the oil, financial, and manufacturing sectors of the economy.

• Steel

• 2. Robber baron who dominated the oil industry and created the nation’s first trust, Standard Oil, by cutting deals for cheaper supplies to force rivals to sell out.

• Rockefeller • 10. Is when a person or group has exclusive control of an

industry, in which there is little to no competition? • Monopoly • 27. He invented the electric light bulb, the phonograph,

motion pictures, a system for distributing electrical power, and many other technologies powered by electricity.

• Edison • 31. This battle ended the Native Americans’ long conflict

against Americans settling Native American lands.• Wounded Knee • 9. Native American leader who fought against reservations life

and was eventually killed over a religious movement that was believed would restore Native American lands and way of life.

• Sitting Bull

• 11. This became the reception center for “new” poor immigrants arriving by ship during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

• Ellis Island • 37. He was the leader of the American Federation of

Labor and used economic pressure, such as strikes and boycotts, to get owners do give into the demands of the workers.

• Gompers • 30. This strike resulted in the in federal government

declaring it illegal and set the precedence for factory owners to appeal to the courts to end strikes.

• Pullman Strike

• Q1:How were the “New” immigrants of the late 1800’s different form the “Old” immigrants, who came prior to the Civil War.

• came from eastern and southern Europe, often were Jewish or Catholic, and usually spoke no English.

• Q2: Why did labor unions began to develop in the late 1800s?

• Workers were subject to low wages, long workdays, no vacations, and unsafe workplaces and they had little power to change this.

Get out your 2nd Semester Pre-test

Answers 1-45 31 C

32 A

33 B

34 A

35 C

36 D

37 C

38 B

39 B

40 A

41 B

42 A

43 D

44 C

45 D

21 B

22 A

23 C

24 B

25 B

26 B

27 B

28 A

29 B

30 B

11 B

12 A

13 C

14 B

15 B

16 D

17 D

18 D

19 C

20 D

1 A

2 C

3 C

4 D

5 A

6 B

7 A

8 A

9 B

10 A

Answers 46-90 76 D

77 D

78 C

79 C

80 D

81 C

82 C

83 C

84 D

85 C

86 A

87 C

88 B

89 A

90 D

66 C

67 A

68 D

69 C

70 D

71 D

72 C

73 A

74 A

75 A

56 B

57 B

58 A

59 A

60 C

61 C

62 B

63 A

64 A

65 D

46 B

47 A

48 A

49 C

50 A

51 A

52 D

53 B

54 D

55 D