EOC Review (general)

Fill in the blank. Deoxyribonucleic acid is _______________ .

A genetic material

B the end result of mitosis

C produced by RNA

D.

the structure that connects chromosomes

When does anaerobic respiration occur?

A when there is oxygen present

B when glucose is formed

C when plants use carbon dioxide and give off oxygen

D when there is no oxygen present

Which of the following does NOT have a role in protein synthesis?

A centrioles

B mRNA

C ribosomes

D.

DNA

What is tRNA's function during the process of translation?

1. transfer the DNA code to the ribosome 2. bring an amino acid to the ribosome 3. attach to mRNA in the correct sequence at the ribosome

A answers 1 and 2

B answers 1 and 3

C answers 2 and 3

D all of the answers are correct

In which organelle are amino acids sequenced to produce specific proteins?

A the nucleus

B the ribosome

C the endoplasmic reticulum

D the mitochondria

Which of the following occurs during translation?

A Makes mRNA from DNA

B The nuclear membrane of the cell dissolves to allow DNA to enter the cytoplasm.

C Specific amino acid sequences are determined to create a protein.

D The two strands of DNA separate.

Which of the following describes the function of a vacuole?

A to produce energy for the cell

B to fight off harmful substances

C to break down food

D to store food, water, and wastes

Fill in the blank. The genetic code of mRNA consists of 3 nitrogen bases called _____________ .

A codons

B complimentary base pairs

C anticodons

D promotor sequences

For protein synthesis to begin, which of the following must be created from DNA?

A ribosomes

B amino acids

C tRNA

D mRNA

Which of the following sequences summarizes the correct order of protein synthesis?

A transcription, translation, protein

B translation,transcription, protein

C replication, translation, protein

D protein, transcription, translation

What organelle is labeled #2 and is responsible for carrying out photosynthesis?

A vacuole

B lysosome

C chloroplast

D nucleus

In this diagram of an eukaryotic cell, which number indicates the site of transcription?

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4

Which of these best describes the initial change caused by a DNA mutation?

A a change in the sequence of amino acids

B a change in the production of ribosomes

C a change in the number of nucleosomes within a cell

D a change in the number of hydrogen bonds between the bases

Fill in the blank. The shape of DNA can be best described as ______ .

A a double helix

B a strand

C a tetrahedral

D a trigonal pair

What is one of the most important products of cellular respiration?

A The production of a large amount of citric acid.

B The production of oxygen.

C The production of water.

D The production of ATP.

Fill in the blank. The purpose of protein synthesis is to ___________ .

A use the DNA code to produce ribosomes

B link the correct sequence of amino acids together to create a protein

C create a duplicate copy of the DNA, preparing for cell division

D link the correct sequence of nucleotides together to create a protein

Which of the following is found in a lysosome?

A pigments

B genetic material

C enzymes

D chlorophyll

What organelle is labeled #3 and is responsible for providing the cell with energy?

A mitochondrion

B lysosome

C cytoplasm

D nucleus

In this diagram of an eukaryotic cell, which number indicates the site of translation?

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4

People who have been exposed to excessive radiation often experience mutations.  If these mutations only occur in the DNA of somatic (body) cells, these people may

A pass on these mutations to their offspring

B experience an increased risk of cancer

C develop entirely new DNA sequences in all cells

D experience difficulties replicating RNA

The equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration appear very similar. How are they different?

A Photosynthesis involves water in the equation, while cellular respiration does not.

B Energy is part of the cellular respiration reaction, but not the photosynthesis reaction.

C Oxygen is a product in the equation for respiration and a reactant in photosynthesis.

D The products and reactants are reversed for photosynthesis and respiration.

What type of bonding links together nitrogenous base pairs between complimentary strands of DNA?

A covalent

B ionic

C metallic

D hydrogen

Which of the following is true of the cell membrane? 1. It helps the cell maintain homeostasis.2. Proteins are not allowed to move within the cell membrane.3. It is composed of a double layer of phospholipids.

A 1 only

B 1 & 2 only

C 1, 2, and 3

D 1 & 3 only

What do plants produce during photosynthesis that animals use for cellular respiration?

1. carbon dioxide 2. oxygen 3. glucose 4. water

A 1 only

B 2 only

C 2 and 3

D 1 and 4

Fill in the blank. A difference in the concentration of a substance across a membrane is _______________ .

A a concentration gradient

B a protein channel

C an equilibrium

D an isotonic solution

Which of the following is in a plant cell but NOT an animal cell?

A chloroplasts

B a nucleus

C cytoplasm

D a cell membrane

Which statement is true about a hypertonic solution surrounding a cell?

A There is a lower concentration of water inside the cell.

B There is a lower concentration of water outside the cell.

C Water movement in and out of the cell is equal.

D The water outside the cell moves into the cell.

What does rough endoplasmic reticulum contain that smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not?

A lysosomes

B thylakoids

C ribosomes

D Golgi bodies

Which of the following types of transport does NOT require the cell's energy? 1. simple diffusion2. facilitated diffusion3. osmosis

A 1 only

B 1, 2, and 3

C 1 and 3

D 1 and 2

In which of the following situations would osmosis occur across a cell membrane?

A when a cell is digesting food

B when a carrier protein is involved

C when a cell is in a hypertonic solution

D if there is no membrane present

Fill in the blank. _______________ is a process that requires the cell's energy to move materials through the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient.

A Active transport

B Passive transport

C Diffusion

D Osmosis

If a cell is placed into a hypertonic solution, what would be the result?

A. B. C. D.

What is the main reason for cellular respiration?

A to break down carbon dioxide

B to produce glucose

C to breakdown glucose

D to produce oxygen