enzymes sbi 3c1
DESCRIPTION
What are Enzymes? Enzymes are specialized protein molecules that speed up (catalyze) the chemical reactions of organisms Without enzymes, most of the reactions in a cell would proceed too slowly All chemical reactions require energy to get started. This start-up energy is called ACTIVATION ENERGY (Ea)TRANSCRIPT
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ENZYMESSBI 3C1
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What are Enzymes?
Enzymes are specialized protein molecules that speed up (catalyze) the chemical reactions of organisms
Without enzymes, most of the reactions in a cell would proceed too slowly
All chemical reactions require energy to get started. This start-up energy is called ACTIVATION ENERGY (Ea)
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H2O2 H2O + O2
Chemical Reaction:
Catalase
• Catalase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of Hydrogen Peroxide into Water and Oxygen gas
Hydrogen Peroxide Water Oxygen
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How enzymes work?.....
Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed. This makes it easier for the reaction to proceed/start.
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ENZYME ACTIVITY
The names of enzymes usually end in “-ase” In order to start a reaction an enzyme must
attach to one specific reactant (“starting molecule”) Reactants are called Substrates.....thus, enzymes
act on a specific substrate. Substrates bind to enzymes at their Active Site.
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Re-cap……….
http://www.ryancshaw.com/Files/micro/Animations/Enzyme-Substrate/micro_enzyme-substrate.swf
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ENZYME ACTIVITY & THE ENVIRONMENT
Enzymes are proteins, like proteins it can lose its function (denature) when exposed to the following: Acidic/Basic environments – pH level (at both
extremes) Extremely High Temperature
TEMPERATURE: Enzyme catalyzed reactions increase speed with a
slight increase in temperature If the temperature is reduced, the motion of the
enzyme and substrate are reduced
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Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity
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Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity
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INDUSTRIAL USES OF ENZYMES:
Brewing, baking, winemaking: glucose to alcohol and carbon dioxide
Candy, jams, jellies, fruit juices: Enzymes are used to produce sugar
from starch Cleaning Products:
Detergents contain enzymes that break down stains)