Environmental Protection Industry

Introduction

Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the natural environment on individual, organizational or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the natural environment and humans. Due to the pressures of population and technology, the biophysical environment is being degraded, sometimes permanently.

Since the 1960s, activity of environmental movements has created awareness of the various environmental issues. There is no agreement on the extent of the environmental impact of human activity, and protection measures are occasionally criticized.

Types Of Waste

A. Water

B. Air

C. Solid

WATER

Problems Arising due to Waste Water

Toxic waste reaches humans through animals upon consumption.

Great loss of wildlife. Spread of water borne disease (ex. Malaria,

Cholera, Jaundice etc.) Presence of coliform micro-orgnisms leading

to health problems. Pressure on groundwater reserve leading to

decrease in water table

Legislation for Water Waste

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 :

The Act was amended in 1988 to conform closely to the provisions of the EPA, 1986.

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 :

This Act provides for a levy and collection of a cess on water consumed by industries and local authorities. This rule was formulated in 1978 for defining standards and indications for the kind of and location of meters that every consumer of water is required to install.

Industrial Wastewater Treatment

It covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use.

Brine treatment involves removing dissolved salt ions from the waste stream. Although similarities to seawater or brackish water desalination exist, industrial brine treatment may contain unique combinations of dissolved ions, such as hardness ions or other metals, necessitating specific processes and equipment.

AIR Pollution

Problems Arising due to Air Pollution

Health Effects: The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system.  Individual reactions to air pollutants depend on the type of pollutant a person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, the individual's health

status and genetics.

Ozone Depletion: The primary cause of ozone depletion is the presence of chlorine-containing source gases (primarily CFCs and related halocarbons). In the presence of UV light, these gases dissociate, releasing chlorine atoms, which then go on to catalyze ozone destruction. The Cl-catalyzed ozone depletion can take place in the gas phase, but it is dramatically enhanced in the presence of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs)

Legislation for Air Pollution

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981: The Act seeks to combat air pollution by prohibiting the use of polluting fuels and substances, as well as by regulating appliances that give rise to air pollution. Under the Act establishing or operating of any industrial plant in the pollution control area requires consent from state boards

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules formulated in 1982: defined the procedures for conducting meetings of the boards, the powers of the presiding officers, decision-making, the quorum; manner in which the records of the meeting were to be set etc. They also prescribed the manner and the purpose of seeking assistance from specialists and the fee to be paid to them.

Biological Treatment Of Air Pollution

The biological treatment of air pollution depends on aerobic microorganisms--mostly mesophilic bacteria--that feed on both organic and inorganic compounds in the waste gas. The microbes convert the pollutants into carbon dioxide,

water, and salts. There are two main types of biological treatment

technologies: a. Biofilter

The material in the biofilter bed provides a diverse culture of microorganisms that degrade the gaseous pollutants passing through.

b. Bioscrubber

The soluble waste gases and oxygen are continuously absorbed into water in the scrubber. Biological oxidation occurs in the basin unit, which often is the activated sludge basin of a wastewater treatment plant.

Solid Waste Pollution

Impacts Of Solid Waste On Health

Skin and blood infections resulting from direct contact with waste, and from infected wounds.

Eye and respiratory infections resulting from exposure to infected dust, especially during landfill operations.

Different diseases that results from the bites of animals feeding on the waste.

Intestinal infections that are transmitted by flies feeding on the waste.

Bone and muscle disorders resulting from the handling of

heavy containers. Poisoning and chemical burns resulting from contact with

small amounts of hazardous chemical waste mixed with general waste.

Treatment of Solid Waste

the municipal solid waste industry has four components: recycling, composting, landfilling, and waste-to-energy via incineration.

a. Collection

the functional element of collection includes not only the gathering of solid waste and recyclable materials, but also the transport of these materials, after collection, to the location where the collection vehicle is emptied. This location may be a materials processing facility, a transfer station or a landfill disposal site.

b. Waste handling and separation, storage and processing at the source.

c. Separation and processing and transformation of solid wastes.

d. Transfer and transport.

e. Disposal

f. Energy generation

Thank you

Given by: Ashish Jaiswal Submitted to: Dr. Ajai Prakash