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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IN URBAN PORTSSTRATEGY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

FINAL WORKING PAPER30/05/2015

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AISAutomatic Identification System

COM&CAPCommunication and Capitalization

ECEuropean Commission

EMASEco Management and Audit Scheme

EMSEnvironmental Monitoring System

ERDFEuropean Regional DevelopmentFund

ESPOEuropean Sea Port Organization

GPRSGeneral Packet Radio Service

IMOInternational Maritime Organization

ISO 14001International StandardOrganizations

LNGLiquefied Natural Gas

TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS

MERMAIDMediterranean EnvironmentalReview Monitoring for portAuthorities through IntegratedDevelopment

PDCAPlan, Do, Check, Act

PERSPort Environmental Review System

R&DResearch & Development

SECASulphur Emission Control Area

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www.medmaritimeprojects.eu

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 04

PREAMBULE 05

1. SYNTHESIS OF THE RESULTS AND BEST PRACTICES 06

1.1. Mapping of the ports studied and visited with an EMS, Database of environmental indicators and Database of technological solutions for EMS 06

1.1.1. Mapping of the ports studied and visited with an EMS (Annexe n°1) 06

1.1.2. Database of environmental indicators monitored in more than 80 ports (Annexe n°2) 06

1.1.3. Database of technological solutions for EMS (Annexe n°3) 07

1.2. Report of the 6 port visits and comparative analysis of their EMS (Annexe n°4) 08

2. HOW TO IMPLEMENT AN EMS? 11

2.1. Implement the key factors of success 11

2.2. Implement the Environmental Monitoring System 11

2.2.1. Define the expected objectives of the EMS 11

2.2.2. Select the sensors and their localization 12

2.2.3. Set up the data processing 12

2.2.4. Set up the data display and diffusion 13

2.2.5. Main obstacles for the implementation of an EMS 13

3. NEW CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE COOPERATION PROJECT 14

4. TABLE OF FIGURES 15

5. ANNEXES: MERMAID PROJECT DELIVERABLES 15

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 16

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYMERMAID project studies the state-of-the art of the EMS in urban andmulti-purpose ports. The results ofMERMAID are based on the study ofmore than 80 ports and on the visitsof 6 of them. According to theseresults, we can say that a variety ofEMS exist in ports. Many Europeanports monitor a series of environ-mental parameters according to theiractivities and challenges using diffe-rent approaches and tools. Forexample, various actors can be asso-ciated such as national or localinstitutions, environmental firms oruniversities. Air quality, Noise, Waterquality and Waste appeared to be themain parameters to be monitored inports. Solutions exist to monitor theenvironmental impacts but we needto improve it with smarter and lessexpensive tools, especially as regardsair quality and water quality techno-logies. Finally, we can notice that EMSare often part of a more structuredapproach which includes a sustaina-ble development and communicationpolicy as well as an environmentalmanagement system. Nevertheless,data and policies are seldom exchan-ged or consolidated with other actorssuch as public agencies.

When implementing the EMS, thereare several strategical aspects portsshould take into consideration: thegovernance and the environmentalcommunication policy related to theEMS, the internal and external fac-tors that may impact the project andthe budget and project team thatthe project manager should define.

It is essential to identify all the actorsor institutions that need to be asso-ciated to the project and itscommunication. Besides, an EMScan cover several functions. It isimportant that the project managerdefines the objectives for its ownEMS: to perform diagnosis, to follow-up evolutions, to check and act inreal time, to check compliance withregulations, to study, to model andto plan the future perspectives ofdevelopment and/or to communi-cate and inform populations. Asregards technical aspects, the pro-ject manager will have to select thesensors and their localization.Moreover, he will have to set up thedata processing (with the contribu-tion of a subcontracted companyand which includes the data collec-tion, data storage and datamodeling) and to define the mediumfor external and internal data displayand diffusion (alerts, website, smart-phone applications, etc.).

In the continuity of MERMAID, thereare new challenges that need to beaddressed by the future MED Pro-gramme: to improve and developsmarter and less expensive tools, toinvestigate other fields of impactsthat have not been studied yet, tostrengthen and develop new channelof communication between all thestakeholders for full transparency.Finally, the MERMAID project under-lines the need to investigate andaddress the congestion issue inurban port in touristic areas. ■

An Environmental MonitoringSystems (EMS) includes all

the means implemented inorder to collect in-situ data in

real-time or through year-round sampling on different

environmental parameters(such as air quality, water

quality, energy consumption,etc.). With continuous

evolution of environmentalregulations but also

increased concern from thepopulation in urban ports,

EMS allows the measurementof port activities impacts on

the environment,communication and

transparency with the local community.

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PREAMBULEIn this context, it becomes essentialfor ports to measure their impactthrough an Environmental Monito-ring System (EMS). An EMS includesall the means implemented in orderto collect in-situ data in real-time ortrough year-round sampling on diffe-rent environmental parameters (suchas air quality, water quality, energyconsumption, etc.).

The objective of the MERMAID projectis to study the-state-of-the-art of EMSin urban and multi-purpose ports.The MERMAID project focuses onurban ports especially dealing withthe acceptability of their environmen-tal impacts on the city. It is based ona pragmatic approach by port autho-rities, aimed at delivering guidanceand decision-making capacity.

The present document provides asynthesis of the MERMAID results aswell as recommendations on how toimplement an EMS for port authori-ties wishing to implement an EMS. Italso identifies several new challengesthat need to be addressed by thefuture MED Programme in the conti-nuity of MERMAID objectives.

MERMAID is a EC funded projectwithin the MED Programme and the“Maritime” call. Five partners havebeen working on MERMAID: threePorts Authorities (Ancona Port Autho-rity, Heraklion Port Authority and theRiviera Ports Authority – Chamber of

Commerce and Industry Nice Côted’Azur); FEPORTS, a port institute forstudies and cooperation in Valenciaand a French cluster in the maritimesector, the Pôle Mer Méditerranée.

The project activities included thestudy of more than 80 ports andthe visit of 6 of them. It led to therealization of a database of theenvironmental indicators monitoredin more than 80 ports, a databaseof technological solutions, thereport and analysis of the 6 portsvisited and analysis of their EMSand, finally, guidelines on how toimplement an EMS.

The MERMAID project obtained thesupport from the European Sea PortsOrganisation, the A Coruña port, aprecursor port in environmentalmonitoring systems, the HellenicCentre for Marine Research, theTechnical University of Crete andPuertos del Estado as part of theirAdvisory Group. It worked on thebasis on previous projects such asCLIMEPORT (which has realized adiagnosis of the port influence in theclimate change and the actions plansfor reducing the port activities' impactin the environment), APICE (whichaims at reducing atmospheric pollu-tion in the Mediterranean port cities)and on the basis of the ESPO GreenGuide which encourages ports todeploy an environmental manage-ment and sustainability policy. ■

Port activities may causeenvironmental impacts in

their surrounding area on airquality, water quality, noise,

energy and waterconsumptions, biodiversity,

etc. Besides, ports have toface a continuous evolution

of environmental regulationsbut also an increased

concern from the populationin urban ports.

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1. SYNTHESIS OF THE RESULTS AND BEST PRACTICES

1.1. Mapping of the portsstudied and visited with anEMS, Database ofenvironmental indicatorsand Database oftechnological solutions forEMS

1.1.1. Mapping of the portsstudied and visited with an EMS (Annexe n°1)

In order to compare the different EMSimplemented in ports, a representa-tive sample of ports has beenselected (Mediterranean ports of nor-thern Europe, certified ports in theenvironment field, urban ports, sea-ports and river, industrials andpassengers port and terminal ...). Thisport panel has been defined with thecontribution of the experts from theAdvisory Group. Eighty-seven portshave been studied (see Figure 1 below).

1.1.2. Database of environmentalindicators monitored inmore than 80 ports(Annexe n°2)

The analysis of the 86 ports selectedhas been done based on bibliogra-phic searches (mainly based on website). We have elaborated a databaseof the environmental indicators moni-tored by these ports. All the datagathered have been classified accor-ding to various criteria: environmentalthemes, measured parameters, envi-ronmental certification, linked withthe ESPO and ECOPORT.

The main conclusions of the data-base are that, in general, theenvironmental parameters monito-red in the ports are usually the same,although the frequency with whicheach port measures these parame-

The project deliverablesinclude: a mapping of theports studied and visited

with an EMS; a database ofthe environmental indicators

monitored in more than 80ports studied; a database of

technological solutions formonitoring of air quality,water quality, noise and

energy consumptions; thereport of the 6 port visits andcomparative analysis of theirEMS; guidelines to encourage

European ports to deploy an EMS.

Figure 1. Mapping of the ports studied and visited in the frame of MERMAID

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ters is very uneven. Air quality (NOx,NO2, SOx, SO2, O3, PM2.5, PM10,etc.), Noise, Water quality (physical,biological and chemical parameters,hydrocarbons, metals) and Waste arethe main parameters monitored byports.

The database of indicators shows dif-ferent means and strategies forenvironmental management andmonitoring: some ports are equippedwith advanced instrumentation forsampling and analysis of air, waterand noise, others are using pollutionprevention systems and, finally, someports are actively involved in collabo-rations with public and privatecompanies for the development ofnew green-technologies.

The analysis also showed that variousactors can be associated to the envi-ronmental monitoring of the port:National or local institutions (such asMinistries of environmental affairs,Environmental agencies, Environ-mental supervisory networks),Environmental accredited firms, sub-contracted companies (privatecompanies carrying out monitoringon specific environmental issues) andscientific universities.

To access the online version of thedatabase of environmental indicators,see: http://carbonfootprint.tuc.gr/mermaid/.

1.1.3. Database of technologicalsolutions for EMS (Annexe n°3)

Several technological solutions areused to measure the environmentalimpact. An overview of some techno-logies used by urban ports tomonitor the parameters of air quality,water quality, noise and energyconsumption in real time is providedin the Annexe n°3. These are theparameters most commonly measu-red in the port studied and arerelated to the “Top environmentalpriorities of European Ports for 2013”which have been provided by theESPO. Twenty technologies havebeen identified in the database. Herebelow are the main conclusions ofthis database:

Real time monitoring of air andnoise is efficient: The probed dataare collected and displayed by a ma-nagement software, which also allowstheir reworking in statistics. Thresholdoverruns can be attributed to specificevents and managed appropriately.These monitoring stations are usuallystations used for regulatory supervi-sion. Their procurement and mainte-nance costs can be high.

Figure 2. Classification criteria of the database of indicators

Figure 3. Particles sensorSource: http://www.metone.com/

AIR POLUTIONNOISEWATER QUALITYGROUND WATERWASTEDREDGING SUSTAINABILITYBIODIVERSITYSOIL QUALITYSEDIMENT QUALITY FLOOD PROTECTIONENERGY CONSUMPTIONRENEWABLE ENERGYSHORE SHIDE ELECTRICITYHUMAN ENVIRONMENTGOOD PRACTICESLOCATIONWEBSITE

EMASISO 14001ISO 9001PERS

The database contains data from 87 Ports

ESPO ECOPORTENVIROMENTALCERTIFICATION

EXEMPLIFYENABLEENCOURAGEENGAGEENFORCEComments on 5Es

COSO2NONO2NOXO3PM25PM10NOISE

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Real time monitoring of air andnoise should take into account: the incapacity to distinguish the originof air pollutants (ship, port, town origin);the necessity to measure simulta-neously the climatic and weather condi-tions such as temperature, humidity,pressure, solar radiation, rainfall, windspeed and direction; the interest of de-veloping smart tools and less expensivesystems to encourage port authoritiesand terminal operators to equip them-selves; the interest of the collection andstorage of historical raw data that canbe used for models and impact assess-ments, essential for the developmentof news activities and infrastructures.

Real time water monitoring is effi-cient: The acquisition of water physicalparameters like temperature, salinity,turbidity is efficient. One of the portvisited has implemented a real-timesystem for measuring hydrocarbonsin order to detect pollution and to act

1.2. Report of the 6 port visitsand comparative analysisof their EMS (Annexe n°4)

Six ports have been selected to bevisited and studied during the pro-ject: the port of Valencia (Spain), theport of Livorno (Italy), the port of ACoruña (Spain), the port of Piraeus(Greece), the port of Helsinki (Finland)and the port of Riga (Latvia). (See Figure 7)

All of these ports are urban portswhich have implemented or whichare currently implementing an EMS.We have taken into account portswith freight traffic and with passen-ger traffic, ports of southern andnorthern Europe with an active envi-ronmental management system.

The information collected during theport visits are divided in five sections:Port Description, EnvironmentalManagement System and reportingtools, Environmental priorities, EMS,indicators and decision tools.

All the ports visited have implemen-ted Environmental ManagementSystems, which are periodically revie-wed and improved (ISO 14001, EMAS,PERS). These management systemsgenerate priorities, indicators andobjectives. To develop an EMS allowsto organize and to collect the data.

All the ports visited have environ-mental communication tools (website and annual report but with diffe-rent levels of details) but in general,the communication of environmentalinformation in the ports does notoccur with sufficient fluidity (qualityand useful information for the diffe-rent stakeholders, bidirectionality ofthe information, appropriate intervalsof information). Two powerful envi-ronmental communication tools havebeen identified : The Port of ACoruña’s Environmental ControlPanel website (public access :http://cma.puertocoruna.com/), whichallows real time access to the envi-ronmental information and themonitored parameters, and the

Environmental monitoringsystem in real time isefficient.

Innovative tools still need tobe developed (sensors,software, web, smart tools).

Port authorities should takeinto account not only the se-lection of the appropriate envi-ronmental parameters and theirlocalization but also the meteo-rological and/or the oceanogra-phic parameters, the investmentand maintenance costs, the useof the data (real-time to act im-mediately, analysis to comparethe port area with others citiesareas, the historical data in or-der to use it for models and im-pact studies, necessary for therealization of future invest-ments).

Figure 4. Noise sensorSource: http://www.azimut-monitoring.com/

Figure 5. Turbidity and temperaturemonitoring

Source: https://www.campbellsci.com/obs-3a-overview

Figure 6. Oceanographic buoySource: http://axystechnologies.com/products/triaxys-mini-directional-wave-buoy/?open_cat=40

immediately. Periodic sampling andanalysis are carried out for othersparameters (nutrients, pathogenicmicroorganisms, metals…).

Real time water monitoring shouldtake into account: the interest to measure simulta-neously the meteorological and ocea-nographic conditions such as tempe-rature, pressure, directional waves; theinterest to develop smart tools andless expensive systems to encourageport authorities and terminal opera-tors to equip themselves; the interestto develop new real time sensors forothers parameters; the interest of thecollection and storage of historical rawdata that can be used for dredging orto assess the environment in case ofconstruction of new infrastructures.

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Valencia Port Authority Ecoport IIwebsite (public and private access:https://ecoport.valenciaport.com/),which facilitates the exchange ofenvironmental information amongmembers of the port community.

Different actors, different EMS: Allthe ports visited have an EMS but theenvironmental monitoring can bedone by the operating companies, bythe port authority that manages theport area, and sometimes by publicadministration. The diversity of actorscan create a lack of coordination(which seems to be more limited inthe northern European countries ingeneral because the public adminis-tration can manage the port). Ingeneral, the environmental parame-ters monitored in the ports areusually the same (meteorology, air,noise, water, waste), although the fre-quency with which each portmeasures these parameters is veryuneven (real-time to annually ormore). There is not one solution forthe monitoring but different kind oftechnologies which go from operatio-nal tools giving tendencies and issuesalerts, to technologies for scientificanalysis.

Figure 7. Example of synthesis of the visits: EMS & Environmental reporting tools

Figure 8.Example ofsynthesis of thevisits: Noise& Waterqualitymonitoring

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EMS creates links between portand urban sustainable develop-ment. Some urban ports havechosen to relocate the activitieswhich were creating environmentalconflicts with citizens to locations fur-ther away from the city, thus enablingthe growth and development of theport and the city. This new develop-ment allows including these newtechnologies in the new port for themanagement and control of environ-mental aspects. When the relocationof the activities is not possible, someurban ports develop EMS in order tocontrol, master and reduce theirimpacts and more especially in realtime in order to be able to interveneas quickly as possible during inci-dents and to limit the environmentalconflicts with local community. One ofthe ports visited has developed apublic web site and a smartphoneapplication connected with the EMSof the port.

Best practices: During the visits ofport, we have identified several bestpractices from both the port andothers actors: air quality EMS usedfor real time interventions (port of ACoruña), water quality EMS used forreal time interventions (port of Riga),web site for exchanges dedicated toport community (Valencia), sea shoreside for ferries who stay at berth (portof Helsinki) or for freight and contai-ner cargos, new LNG vessel of FinnishBorder Guard (port of Helsinki), sea-scrubbers developed by cruise lines(for ships travelling worldwide), noisereduction equipment like loading andunloading dock of vehicles coveredwith “ertalon” and electrical compres-sors for freight instead of thermiccompressors trucks.

Perception of the local commu-nity: a growing challenge inMediterranean urban ports. Duringthe visits, the problem of congestionhas been identified as a priority,mainly in tourist port cities like manyMediterranean cities. Coastal citiesgrow over the years (population,urban densification, tourism). Trafficcreates noise, air quality impacts butnot only. The increasing exasperationof local residents toward ports activi-ties occurs when roads, marketplaces, public transportation, neigh-borhoods, are saturated by visitors,cars, bus, trucks etc., putting a highpressure, but for short durations, ona given venue not only with freighttraffic but with passengers traffic too.EMS, improvement of infrastructure(railway, speedway, highway...) can beways to solve port and cities conges-tion but ports have to take intoaccount not only the fact and theactions carried out but also the per-ception of the local community. ■

EMS are efficient and are ge-nerally included in a global stra-tegy with an environmental ma-nagement system. There is alarge variety of EMS, there is notone solution but several optionsone for each port according toits sustainable priorities.

EMS is a tool to improve the portcommunication and transpa-rency

Perception of the local com-munity: a growing challengein Mediterranean urbanports. Port authorities have tomeasure and understand theenvironmental impacts of theport (air, noise, traffic, conges-tion…) and of its immediate ur-ban environment, they have toact and communicate but alsoto understand the perception ofthe local community.

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2.1. Implement the key factorsof success

In the Annexe n°5, we give severalstrategical aspects to consider beforeimplementing the EMS.

Define and involve theGovernance

It is essential to identify the institu-tions that need to be associated tothe project and its communication. Itis important to get their support andget them involved in order to be ableto create a link with the communica-tion and sustainable developmentpolicies of the City.

Set up the communicationpolicy

The port authority should define thecommunication policy around thedata collected by the EMS: what datashould be communicated both inter-nally and externally, to which public,at what frequency and thanks towhich tools (website, alerts, reports,etc.).

Select the parameters to bemonitored and carry out aSWOT analysis of the project

Before starting the project, the pro-ject team should identify thestrengths, weaknesses, opportunitiesand threats that may impact the pro-ject. Thus it will be relevant to analyze:the environmental priorities and theorganizational features of the port asregard human resources, technicaland financial resources, the environ-mental regulations in force, thestakeholders, local pressures andexisting technologies, etc.

Establish the ProjectManagement

The project manager has a key role inthe success of the EMS. He must:• Involve the future users and define

with them the objectives of the EMS,• Organize and plan the project:

define the team members, the part-ners, the objectives, the milestonesand key dates,

• Ensure the communication with themanagement team throughout theproject,

• Get the support of the Governance,• If necessary, work with expert’s ser-

vices such as scientific universities,environmental supervisory net-works, universities, environmentalcompanies.

Establish the budget of theproject

The management will allocate a bud-get for the implementation of theEMS. The project manager will haveto be able to adapt and organize theproject based on the provisionalbudget.

2.2. Implement theEnvironmental MonitoringSystem

In the second part of the Guidelines,we give several technical steps to fol-low when implementing an EMS.

2.2.1. Define the expectedobjectives of the EMS

In this part, we give several questionsthe project manager should ask him-self in terms of: economic objectives,environmental social or societalobjectives, approaches: regulatorycompliance and/or continuousimprovement, technical objectives

2. HOW TO IMPLEMENT AN EMS?In the first part of the

document, we gave somekey characteristics of the

EMS in the ports studied anda synthesis of the

deliverables produced inorder to realize a state-of-

the art of these EMS. In thissecond part of the

document, we give asynthesis of the deliverableGuidelines to implement anEMS. In order to access the

complete version of thedocument, see the Annexe

n°5.

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and communication, information andtransparency objectives. In particular, as regards technicalobjectives, here below are the diffe-rent functions that an EMS can cover:• to perform diagnosis (know);• to follow trends (compare temporal

evolution);• to compare results with other areas

of the city, region or other ports(benchmark);

• to have real-time information withor without alerts (check and act inreal time);

• to check compliance with regula-tions and to plan;

• to realize impact studies as regardsthe futures perspectives of develop-ment (study, model and prospect).

2.2.2. Select the sensors and their localization

Select the sensors

The project manager will have toselect the sensors according to theobjectives and parameters to bemonitored by the EMS. He canchoose standardized sensors ormore simple and less expensive sen-

sors which will be able to providegeneral trends, to identify peaks andto send real-time alerts.

The Annexe n°3 provides examples oftechnological solutions for monitoringof air quality, water quality, noise andenergy consumption. In this part, wealso recommend collecting and com-puterized the data of the port activitiesin order to be able to correlate thesedata with the environmental data.

Define the localization of the sensors

The positioning of the sensors willdepend on several factors: the locali-zation of the port and urban activitieswhich generate nuisances, the exis-tence of factors that can disturb dataaccuracy, the localization of local resi-dent’s complaints and the localizationof sensitive zones.

2.2.3. Set up the data processing

Set up the network infrastructure

First the port should determine thenetwork infrastructure. Two options

Figure 9. Real time EMS project in the port of Nice

can be considered: the data are pro-cessed internally, on the portnetwork, or by an external company.In the Guidelines document, we givethe pros and cons of each option.The other steps to be implementedare the following:

Set up the data collection: in thischapter, we give different optionsfor the collection of data, frequencyand internet connection.

Set up the data storage: duringthis step, if the data are processedinternally, the port will have to checkthe capacity of the servers to storethe data according to their size andtypes.

Set up the data processing andmodeling: this stage will allowdisplaying graphs, averages orthreshold for each environmentalparameter according to theobjective of reading. This stepshould be done by an externalcompany.

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2.2.5. Main obstacles for theimplementation of anEMS

All the ports measure or wish tomeasure and to understand theirenvironmental impacts. Howeverseveral obstacles can slow down theimplementation of the EMS:

• the complexity to implement atotally integrated EMS (whichimplies a multi-sensors, multi-para-meters, multi-actors and multi-networks system),

• the fear of some port authorities tomisunderstand the data. Indeed,the data can be complex and theirreading can sometimes be erro-neous. Thus, it is essential to takeinto account external parametersin the analysis such as the meteo-rology, oceanography, impactsfrom the hinterland, urban traffics,urban activities, airport, etc.,

• the feebleness of some decisionmakers to communicate the dataexternally,

• the time devoted to the implemen-tation of the EMS and to itsfollow-up,

• the cost of the systems (it includesthe sensors, the software, the webplatform and the maintenance ofthe equipment).

In order to develop EMS in ports, it isbe necessary to promote more ope-rational, less expensive, simplifiedand integrated EMS which allow real-time control. It is also important toprovide financial support for theseinitiatives which allow preventingrisks. ■

Figure 10. Example of Air Quality data display on A Coruña port websiteSource: http://cma.puertocoruna.com/intranet/instrumentacion/ControlEmisiones/ieCaptadorEmisiones.aspx

How to implement an EMS?

Four steps must be coordinatedby the project manager: 1. De-fine the expected objectives ofthe EMS 2. Select the sensorsand their localization 3. Set upthe data processing 4. Set up thedata display and diffusion.

What are the functions ofEMS?

An ems to perform diagnosisand to know; to compare tem-poral or spatial evolutions; tobenchmark; to check and act inreal time; to check compliancewith regulations and to plan; tostudy, to model and to plan thefuture perspectives of develop-ment; to communicate and in-form for more transparency.

How to improve and promote EMS?

Develop new tools: smarter, inreal-time and less expensive.Provide financial support toports initiatives.

2.2.4. Set up the data display and diffusion

In this part of the document, we give several options for the data display anddiffusion: text messages e-mail, web platform, use of smart phone applications,website. We also recommend the possibility to establish different user’s profilesfor the administration, processing and access to data.

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Urban ports face daily difficulties dueto a variety of environmental impactsgenerated by ships in port.The port plays a crucial role betweenthe ships operators and the local com-munity, be it official stakeholders,environmental associations or indivi-dual most sensitive citizens.In such a situation, the port needs toincrease awareness of nuisance situa-tions and react preventively beforecitizens complain. An environmentalmonitoring system (EMS), whether realtime or through year-round sampling,allows both the awareness and thereactivity: it works!

The prerequisites for deploymentof an EMS are:

• the need for it, depending on theport/city configuration;

• the willingness of port authority todeal with the issues;

• the capacity of port/city governance toexchange and communicate around asustainable development of the portactivity;

• a culture of transparency and demo-cracy.

Solutions exist to deal, with orwithout an EMS, with environmen-tal impact generated in the port:

• a scientific basis with existing sensors,data processing and analysis;

• engineering solutions on board or inport, like sea-scrubbers or noisereduction equipments, LNG alterna-tive or shore power plugging;

• regulations are possible through IMOor EC, like SECA areas;

• bodies of specialists from flag state orport state authorities for enforcement.

It may take another 10 or 20 years tofully deploy the appropriate measures,but at the end of the MERMAID investi-gation of best practices, we believe thatthe MED program should keep an inte-rest in this continued deployment inports of environmental best practicesso that each individual port may pro-gress towards city/port acceptabilityand sustainability.

New challenges for the future haveemerged:

• Improve and develop EMSInvestigate in new sensors (smart andless costly), develop smart tools andreal time alert, develop integratedapproach between all the sensorswith new software and develop ope-rational, pragmatic actions as well aslong-term action plan.

• Investigate other fields of impactssuch as the traffic generated by theport and its interactions in the city, theenergy consumption of the port andits interactions with the territoryconsumption…

• Strengthen and develop new chan-nels of communicationbetween all the stakeholders (ship,port operators, port authorities,neighbours, local community andauthorities) for more transparency

• Investigate and study the sociologi-cal approach of the increasing exasperation of localresidents for ports activities especiallyin urban ports in touristic area withincreasing traffic and urban densifica-tion.

Looking at new challenges, we mustrecognize that increased difficultiesappear in the Mediterranean touristicports, not only on industrial activitiesbut also in cruise and ferry activities,regarding the congestion issue, due toever increasing sizes numbers andobjectives: ships size, passengers/

3. NEW CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONSFOR FUTURE COOPERATION PROJECT

containers numbers, level of expecta-tion, requirements from economicoperators of return on investment, etc.

The increasing number of destinationsand improvement of infrastructurescannot, by themselves, mitigate thecongestion issue. We need to study indepth this issue, as a sociological pro-blem of how the increasing exaspera-tion of local residents can be reduced,when "their" roads, market places, mu-seums, public transportation, neighbo-rhoods, are saturated by peaks of visi-tors, bus, trucks etc., putting a highpressure, but for short durations, on agiven venue.

This issue has been recognized at thepan-European dialogue on cruise acti-vity, last March in Brussels.

Recommendations for future coope-ration project (for an intelligent andsustainable growing of maritime andtouristic economies in urban ports):

We recommend that, in a similarapproach to MERMAID project, thesefour challenges be conducted in newprojects for the next Med Program2015-2020:

• bottom-up experiments in urbanports oriented in developing bluegrowth with smart tools for new sen-sors and new integrated EMS softwareincluding maritime clusters, R&D, com-panies, urban ports and local authori-ties => in order to understand andprevent the real impact of the port’sactivities in local and urban areas.

• bottom-up evaluations and experi-ments should be conducted in aproject platform including destina-tions, ship lines (like cruise and ferrylines), urban and touristic ports andappropriate study centers => in orderto take into account the perception ofthe port’s activities impacts in localand urban areas. ■

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Figure 1. Mapping of the ports studied and visited in the frame of MERMAID

Figure 2. Classification criteria of the database of indicators

Figure 3. Particles sensorhttp://www.metone.com/

Figure 4. Noise sensorhttp://www.azimut-monitoring.com/

Figure 5. Turbidity and temperatura monitoringhttps://www.campbellsci.com/obs-3a-overview

Figure 6. Oceanographic buoyhttp://axystechnologies.com/products/triaxys-mini-directional-wave-buoy/?open_cat=40

Figure 7. Example of synthesis of the visits: EMS & Environmental reporting tools

Figure 8. Example of synthesis of the visits: Noise & Water quality monitoring

Figure 9. Real time EMS project in the port of Nice

Figure 10. Example of Air Quality data display on A Coruña port websitehttp://cma.puertocoruna.com/intranet/instrumentacion/ControlEmisiones/ieCaptadorEmisiones.aspx

4. TABLE OF FIGURES

Annexe n°1: Mapping of the ports studied with an EMS – Authors: Ancona and Heraklion Port Autorithieshttp://www.medmaritimeprojects.eu/download/ProjectMermaid/ouputs/Mapping_of_ports_visited_and_studied_with_an_EMS.pdf

Annexe n°2: Database of environmental indicators monitored in more tan 80 ports – Authors: Ancona and HeraklionPort Autorithieshttp://www.medmaritimeprojects.eu/actionphp/action.input.php?docs=1&file=download/ProjectMermaid/ouputs/Database_of_environmental_indicators.xls&ActionForm=DownloadFilehttp://carbonfootprint.tuc.gr/mermaid/

Annexe n°3: Database of technological solutions for EMS – Author: Pôle Mer Méditerrannéehttp://www.medmaritimeprojects.eu/download/ProjectMermaid/ouputs/Database_of_technological_solutions_for_environmental_monitoring_systems.pdf

Annexe n°4: Report of the 6 port visits and comparative analysis of their EMS - Author: FEPORTShttp://www.medmaritimeprojects.eu/download/ProjectMermaid/ouputs/Reporting_and_success_factors_for_environmental_monitoring_systems.pdf

Annexe n°5: Guidelines to implement an EMS - Author: Riviera Ports Authorityhttp://www.medmaritimeprojects.eu/download/ProjectMermaid/ouputs/Guidelines_to_implement_an_environmental_monitoring_system.pdf

5. ANNEXES: MERMAID PROJECT DELIVERABLES


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5The Riviera Ports Authority would like to thank:

• The MERMAID partners for their contribution and assistance: Ancona Port Authority, FEPORTS, Heraklion Port Authority,the Pôle Mer Méditerranée.

• The MERMAID Advisory Group for their recommendations and theknowledge sharing: A Coruña Port, the ESPO, the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research,Puertos del Estado, the Technical University of Crete.

• The 6 ports visited for their time and welcome: Ports of Valencia, Livorno, A Coruña, Piraeus, Riga, and Helsinki.

• The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the MEDProgramme for the cofinancing of the project. MERMAID is a project cofinanced by the European RegionalDevelopment Fund and the MED Programme under the Maritime call.

• The COM&CAP project for the website, the brochure and policy paperand organization of capitalization seminars and conference.

• The Joint Technical Secretariat of the MED Programme for their backingand support throughout the project duration.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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