ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTION

in the

PHILIPPINES

Engr. Virgilio F. Fabronero, Ch.E, M.E in Ch.ESr. Environmental Mgt. Specialist

Chief, Planning and Mgt. Information SectionEnvironmental Management Bureau Reg. 6

Iloilo City, Philippines

Six (6) major environmental laws

� DENR Organization (E.O. 192, as amended)� Created the Environmental Management Bureau. The

responsibilities and authorities of EMB have been expanded by subsequent laws on air, water, haz waste, etc.

� Toxic Substances and Hazardous Waste and Nuclear waste Control Act (R.A 6969).� An act to control toxic substances and hazardous and nuclear

waste, providing penalties for violation thereof, and for other purposes.waste, providing penalties for violation thereof, and for other purposes.

� Philippine Clean Air Act (R.A 8749)� An act providing for a comprehensive Air Pollution Control Policy

and for other purposes.

� Clean Water Act of 2004 (R.A 9275)� An act providing for a comprehensive water quality management

and for other purposes. To pursue a policy of economic growth in a manner consistent with the protection, preservation and revival of the quality of fresh, brackish and marine water.

Six (6) major environmental laws

� Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (R.A 9003)

� An act providing for an ecological solid waste management program

creating the necessary institutional mechanism and incentives,

declaring certain acts prohibited and providing penalties, and for other

purposes.

� Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System (PD 1586)� Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System (PD 1586)

� Establishing an environmental impact statement (EIS) system

including environmental management related measures and for other

purposes.

• Manpower complement

Regional Office• 17 Plantilla personnel• 12 Transferred DENR personnel• 18 Complement DENR personnel comprises of the following:

• PENROS (Technical)• 1 in Aklan• 1 in Antique• 1 in Capiz• 1 in Capiz• 1 in Iloilo•1 in Guimaras• 2 in Negros Occ.

• CENROS (Technical)• 1 in every CENRO or a total of 11

Out of the above detailed personnel, only 3 has an engineering education.

� As of December 2006: �Total No. of Registered Industries – 843

� Some of these industries have both air, water and hazardous waste concern.

� 819 AIR Pollutive Firms

� 316 WATER Pollutive Firms

� 118 both with air and water pollutive firms

EMB Region 6 Profile

� 118 both with air and water pollutive firms� 14 Sugar Mills

� 4 Distilleries

� 1 Brewery

� 5 Soft drink (Beverage) Factory

� 10 Piggeries

� 6 Marine Product Processing (Frozen Food)

� Slaughterhouses

� Rice and Feed Milling

� 84 Registered Hazardous Waste Generator

• EMB Region 6 Profile

• Lack of technical manpower

• Structural Problem

Operational Constraints

• Inconsistent and insufficient reports, more particularly Inspection and Monitoring Reports

• Need for retooling of EMS Specialists in the Field

• Need for additional vehicles due to the geographic location of the provinces

Current practice in the Conduct of Inspection:

1.1. Inspection is being conducted as a regular Inspection is being conducted as a regular activity.activity.

2.2. Monitoring of compliance to PAB Orders.Monitoring of compliance to PAB Orders.

3.3. Complaints.Complaints.

4.4. Validation of Self Monitoring Reports.Validation of Self Monitoring Reports.

5.5. Inspection is being conducted by PENRO and Inspection is being conducted by PENRO and CENRO EMS Specialists.CENRO EMS Specialists.

Problems/Gaps IdentifiedProblems/Gaps Identified

1.1. Inspection ReportsInspection Reports

2.2. Inspectors CapabilityInspectors Capability

3.3. TargetingTargeting3.3. TargetingTargeting

4.4. Analytical Quality and Laboratory CapacityAnalytical Quality and Laboratory Capacity

5.5. Compliance to Commitments during Technical Compliance to Commitments during Technical ConferencesConferences

6.6. Increase in Rate of InspectionIncrease in Rate of Inspection

•• Problem areasProblem areas

•• Findings/recommendations are very insufficient that Findings/recommendations are very insufficient that failed to show the actual picture of company operations failed to show the actual picture of company operations and detailed environmental conditions.and detailed environmental conditions.

•• Inspection report format does not shows specific data Inspection report format does not shows specific data •• Inspection report format does not shows specific data Inspection report format does not shows specific data requirements to guide field inspector to have a focus requirements to guide field inspector to have a focus area during inspection.area during inspection.

•• Insufficiency of information sometimes will lead to Insufficiency of information sometimes will lead to another inspection.another inspection.

•• Insufficiency of information could affects Insufficiency of information could affects management in decision making.management in decision making.

RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS TO STRENGTHEN RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS TO STRENGTHEN INSPECTOR’S INSPECTION REPORTS:INSPECTOR’S INSPECTION REPORTS:

•• Develop a multimedia checklist that will guide/remind Develop a multimedia checklist that will guide/remind the Inspectors on the vital information that will be the Inspectors on the vital information that will be included in the narrative report (findings and included in the narrative report (findings and recommendations part) and in elaborating such portion recommendations part) and in elaborating such portion of the reportof the report

•• The multimedia checklist shall track compliance to permit The multimedia checklist shall track compliance to permit conditions, standards, shall contain compliance to conditions, standards, shall contain compliance to conditions, standards, shall contain compliance to conditions, standards, shall contain compliance to existing regulations existing regulations

•• The checklist shall contain vital information not found in The checklist shall contain vital information not found in the Inspection Report format which can be a vital the Inspection Report format which can be a vital information for PAB, on special cases onlyinformation for PAB, on special cases only

•• The checklist can be a planning tool which can guide the The checklist can be a planning tool which can guide the management in future decision makingmanagement in future decision making

•• The checklist is a separate document from the Inspection The checklist is a separate document from the Inspection report. Procedures on how the documents shall be report. Procedures on how the documents shall be generated and used shall be prepared by EMB 6 generated and used shall be prepared by EMB 6

Summary:

� Checklist� Data requirements will focus more on that specific industry

and will cover tri-media (air, water, hazardous waste) concern for one inspection activities which will reduce cost.

� It can guide the inspector in conducting a walkthrough.

� In conducting inspection it could provide the entire spectrum of its operation and compliance with the environmental laws based on the data required in the checklist.based on the data required in the checklist.

� The checklist guide/remind the inspector on what they need to address in preparing a narrative report specific for such industry.

� It could be used as basis in elaborating their findings and recommendations when preparing the inspection report.

� Able to provide substantial data which can be used in the emission inventory.

Problem of doing Inspection in Sugar

Mills:

�Delayed entry.

�Unfamiliarity with the process operation involved leading to the non-identification of sources (both air and water).sources (both air and water).

�Sampling protocol to be used.

� Identification of sampling points specifically on receiving body of water

Specific pollution problem for Sugar Mills:

� Identification of the different sources of wastewater from raw cane input to raw sugar output and its corresponding pollutants. �Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen

(D.O), pH, Temperature, TDS, TSS, Oil and Grease

� Identification of the different sources of air emission from raw cane input to raw or refined emission from raw cane input to raw or refined sugar output and its corresponding pollutants.�Particulate Matters (Bagasse from bagasse shed, Ash

from boilers)

� Molasses Tank Yard (Spillage)

� Sugar Spillage

� Lime Mixing Tank Spillage

Specific pollution problem for Sugar Mills:

� Airborne Bagasse from bagasse shed and ash emission from boilers.

� Oil and Grease from the Roller Mill.

� Ash Laden Water from Air Pollution Control Facility (If using wet type System).

� Operation of Wastewater:� Operation of Wastewater:�Presence of scum

�Color of the wastewater from each stages

�Point of discharge

�Presence of bypass canal

� Condenser water (high temp., contaminated with sugar)

Sampling

�Water: (minimum 4 samples)

�Influent and Effluent as minimum requirements.

�If to check the WTF efficiency, take sample at

each stages.

�Upstream and downstream of the receiving �Upstream and downstream of the receiving

body of water (upstream 10 to 20 meters, and at

the mixing zone for the downstream of the

discharge point ).

Sampling

� Air: (minimum 2 trials per stack for each

parameter)

�Stack sampling using method 5 equipment (if no other fuel type used; settle for TSP, SO2 if used oil is being recycled in the boiler) for each stack.recycled in the boiler) for each stack.

�Use discrete opacity observation using Ringelmann chart (use only on routine inspection)

�Use ambient sampler for TSP at the downwind area if necessary from bagasse shed.

Pollution Control Facility

�Air

�Multi-cyclone (Dry and Wet Type) serving the boiler

� Wastewater :� Lagoon System

(stabilization pond)

� Anaerobic pond and aerobic pond

� Facultative Pond� Facultative Pond

� Maturation Pond

� Activated Sludge Process (conventional)

� Impounding pond for irrigation purposes

�Spray pond for condenser water.

�Oil water Separator for oil laden waste

Sample Field Analysis

�Dissolved Oxygen using equipment or titration method.

�pH use of pH meter

�Temperature using mercury field �Temperature using mercury field thermometer or equipment

Piggery Production:

�Pollution Problem:

�If with feed mill component:

�Feed mill dust

�Without feed mill component:�Without feed mill component:

�From pig houses:

• Washing, spilled feeds, urine and manure (form part of the wastewater)

• Pig mortalities, used vaccine vials and syringes (Solid Waste)

Piggery production

�Sampling:

�Wastewater: minimum of 4 samples:

�Influent and effluent

�Upstream and downstream of receiving body of �Upstream and downstream of receiving body of water.

�Source of water (for computation of load base fee)

� Note:

� it is the policy of the office to conduct inspection on 1 piggery in one day to avoid contamination with other piggery.

Piggery Production:

�Pollution Control Facilities:�Feed mill dust – Cyclone and Filter bags

�Wastewater:�Lagoon System (stabilization pond)�Lagoon System (stabilization pond)

�Biogas Digester followed by stabilization pond

�Solid Waste:�Septic Tank for pig mortality with lime

application.

�Vaulting method for vials and syringes.

Alcohol Distillery

� Air Emission

�Carbon dioxide emission during fermentation

�Dependent on the fuel used in the boiler (Ash, SO2, NO2.

�Dust emission from the coal yard�Dust emission from the coal yard

� Solid Waste Generation:

�Sludge from the fermenter (spent yeast)

� Wastewater

�Slops from distillation process

�Spilled molasses from molasses tank farm

Sampling:

� Air emission:� 2 trials for every stack in terms of TSP, SO2, NO2 (using

bunker and coal as fuel combined with Biogas “methane”).

�Stack sampling using method 1 to 8 SST equipment

�Use discrete opacity observation using Ringelmann chart (use only on routine inspection).(use only on routine inspection).

�Use ambient sampler for TSP and SO2 at the downwind area if necessary from coal yard if it uses coal as fuel.

� Note: Stack sampling port should be located within the 2 times inside diameter from the top of the stack and 5 to 8 times inside diameter from the breach.

Sampling port

2 times inside diameter

Sampling Port Location

Stack

From boiler

5 to 8 times inside diameter

Sampling

� Water: (minimum 4 samples)

� Influent and Effluent as minimum requirements.

� If to check the WTF efficiency, take sample at each stages.

�Upstream and downstream of the receiving body of water (upstream 10 to 20 meters, and at the mixing zone water (upstream 10 to 20 meters, and at the mixing zone for the downstream of the discharge point if discharge into the sea the distance is dependent on the results of the model to which additional sampling point is located at the coastal area).

�Sampling is also taken from the water source to be used for the computation of load base fee (as required by our Clean Water Act.

Pollution control facilities:

� Air:�Multi-cyclone Dry type

serving the boiler.

�CO2 is being reprocess for soft drink used.

� Wastewater:�Conventional activated sludge

process.

�Extended aeration activated sludge process using UASB to recover the Methane Gas as secondary fuel to the boiler

� Spent yeast is being recovered for feeds raw materials

secondary fuel to the boiler and using combined surface and diffused aerators.

�Use surface wetland as final treatment prior to discharge into the receiving body of water.

�Wastewater after treatment is used for irrigation/fertilization of sugarcane field.

Air Pollution Standard for Source Specific

Effluent Quality Standard:

Effluent Quality Standard for strong waste

Other problems

�Safety:

�Use of safety paraphernalia's

�Rely on the equipment that is being provided by the company such as safety shoes.

�Hard hat

�Gloves

�Stack ladder is being provided with guard railings.

�Mask

�Ear plug

Summary � Inspection:

�Use of Senses –Sight, smell, taste and others to observe any changes in the environment.

�Look for the initial point of wastewater generation and

drainage canal (where does it leads to?).

�Observed WTPs operation on each stages (changes in

color, presence of scum, motor operation, etc.).color, presence of scum, motor operation, etc.).

�Any given information (Verbal or written) should be

validated through actual observation.

�Process Review –What source(s) emit(s) or Discharges What pollutants.

�Refer to the schematic/flow diagram or water balance

sheet.

�Use of sampling and testing instrument – To determine not only WHAT but also HOW MUCH.