Hazardous Waste Program Manual

Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department Box 6113, SFA Station

Nacogdoches, Texas 75962-6113

Edited January 2010

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Table of Contents 1. Preface ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Contact Information .................................................................................................................................... 5 3. Responsibilities .......................................................................................................................................... 6 4. Training Requirements ............................................................................................................................... 7 5. Waste Identification .................................................................................................................................... 8

5.1 Characteristic Hazardous Waste ........................................................................................................... 9 5.2 Listed Hazardous Waste ......................................................................................................................12 5.3 Class І Wastes......................................................................................................................................15 6.1 Satellite Accumulation Areas ..............................................................................................................16 6.3 Storage Guidelines ...............................................................................................................................17

6.3.1 Examples of Incompatible Chemicals ..........................................................................................19 6.3.3 Disposal Procedures for Regulated Wastes ..................................................................................25

7. Biological Wastes ......................................................................................................................................28 7.1 Disposal of Biological Waste ..............................................................................................................30

8. Waste Minimization ..................................................................................................................................32 9. Onsite Treatment and Disposal ..................................................................................................................33 10. Radioactive Waste ...................................................................................................................................34

10.1 Responsibilities of the Departments ..................................................................................................34 10.2 Segregation of Radioactive Waste .....................................................................................................35 10.3 Disposal of Radioactive Waste ..........................................................................................................39

11. Non Hazardous Waste .............................................................................................................................40 11.1 Non Contaminated Glass ...................................................................................................................41

12. Unknown Waste ......................................................................................................................................42 13. MOU Glassware ......................................................................................................................................42 14. Empty Container:.....................................................................................................................................43 16. Emergency Response to Waste Spills ......................................................................................................45

16.1 Chemical Spill Procedures .................................................................................................................46 16.1.1 Chemical Emergency Steps ........................................................................................................46 16.1.2 Spill Prevention and Control: Standard Operating Procedure ....................................................47 16.1.3 Spill Prevention, Control, and Counter Measures ......................................................................49 16.1.4 Spill Kit-General Spill Control Techniques ................................................................................50 16.1.5 Types of Spill Responses ............................................................................................................52 16.1.6 Disposal ......................................................................................................................................54

16.2 Biological Spill Procedures ...............................................................................................................56 16.3 Radiation Spill, Accident, Decontamination and Emergency Procedures .........................................59

16.3.1 Spill ............................................................................................................................................59 16.3.2 Accident ......................................................................................................................................59 16.3.3 Decontamination .........................................................................................................................60

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16.3.4 Emergency ..................................................................................................................................61 16.4 Decontamination: Standard Operating Procedure .............................................................................63 16.5 Equipment..........................................................................................................................................63 16.6 Medical Treatment/First Aid .............................................................................................................64 16.7 Emergency Response Procedures ......................................................................................................65 16.8 Documentation ..................................................................................................................................68

APPENDIX I .................................................................................................................................................70 APPENDIX II ................................................................................................................................................76 APPENDIX III ..............................................................................................................................................91

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1. Preface Environmental awareness and protection of our natural resources has become a national priority. As a nation, we have come to recognize that hazardous agents of all types have entered our environment through improper use and disposal. In response to the national concern for proper management of waste materials, Congress passed the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) in 1976. Under this act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was given the responsibility for regulating hazardous chemical wastes. In Texas, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) controls hazardous chemical wastes, while the Texas Department of Health (TDH) regulates radioactive and bio-hazardous wastes. Stephen F. Austin State University (SFASU) produces a small amount of hazardous waste in performing its functions of service, teaching, and research. Since the university generates less than 220 pounds of hazardous chemical waste per month, it is classified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a “conditionally exempt small quantity generator". In addition, we are subject to regulations promulgated for the control of biological and radioactive wastes. The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that hazardous waste generated on campus is disposed of in accordance with all applicable regulations. The function of the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department is to assist faculty, staff and students with their responsibility of managing all wastes properly and cost-effectively. The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department also coordinates all hazardous waste efforts for the university, which includes enforcing proper storage, keeping records, and making sure waste is disposed of properly through environmentally and financially sound waste contractors. Stephen F. Austin State University requires that all members of the campus who use hazardous materials are trained in the procedures for proper handling of these wastes. The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department offers a hazardous materials training class to assist departments with the Hazmat training requirements. This manual explains the requirements of the Stephen F. Austin State University Hazardous Waste Program and describes the proper procedures for preparing hazardous waste for storage as regulated under the law. Please contact the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department for additional information and help regarding your hazardous waste (468-4532/468-6034). The cooperation of every member of the Stephen F. Austin State University community is essential. The Stephen F. Austin State University Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department would like to thank the University of Houston for allowing us

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to use their Manual. Of particular note, we acknowledge the core content and organization of this manual, which was generously provided by Colorado State University. Without the help of their model manual, development of this manual in its present form would not have been possible.

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2. Contact Information • Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department

o 468-4532/468-6034 o Fax: 468-7312

• Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department hours:

o Monday through Friday 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. • University Health Center

o 468-4008 • Stephen F. Austin State University Police Department

o Non Emergency - 468-2608 o Emergency - 911

In the event of an after hour chemical, biological, or radioactive materials emergency: Contact the Stephen F. Austin State University Police Department at 936-468-2068. The Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department maintains an on-call mechanism to provide assistance in the event of an after hours situation.

For All Emergencies: Call 911

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3. Responsibilities • Each college and department within the University must assure that personnel

who generate hazardous wastes have received training in the use of the Stephen F. Austin State University Hazardous Waste Program and are complying with University policy and procedure regarding environmental, health and safety.

• Training is typically provided by the individual colleges/departments, but special college/departmental specific sessions will be provided by the Environmental, Health, Safety and Risk Management Department if requested.

• Each department that includes laboratory facilities for teaching or research must also assure that a mechanism is in place for terminal hazardous waste disposal from lab facilities when faculty or staff complete their work and leave the University. In such cases, it is the college/department's responsibility to see that waste is properly identified and disposed of by a legal disposal company with the assistance of Environmental Health, Safety & Risk Management Department.

• The department of EHS&RM or the University does not pay for disposal of any waste.

• It is the sole responsibility of the department to pay for the waste they generate. • It is against University policy to dispose any waste without the knowledge of

Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department.

COMPLIANCE CAUTION FEDERAL AND TEXAS LAW STIPULATES THAT EACH INDIVIDUAL WHO GENERATES HAZARDOUS WASTE IS PERSONALLY LIABLE AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ASSURING COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATIONS AND PROPER HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT.

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4. Training Requirements All individuals who may generate hazardous chemical, biological, or radioactive waste must receive documented training, according to Stephen F. Austin State University’s Hazardous Waste Program Manual, the EPA's Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). It is the responsibility of each department to make sure this training is completed. The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department can provide the means to satisfy the training requirements, if requested. All new employees (faculty, staff, students, etc.), either full or part time, who will use hazardous materials and in so doing generate waste are required to receive General Hazardous Waste and Hazard Communication training. This training must be received before the employee is assigned to use or handle hazardous chemicals. The General Hazardous Waste training referenced above provides general information, but the supervisor must provide information specific to the employee’s particular work area. Supervisors will train every employee who works with or may be exposed to hazardous chemicals on the safe use of those substances and the Texas Hazard Communication Act. The Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department also recommend that individuals periodically attend subsequent training seminars to be aware of changes in regulations. All Hazardous Waste Training shall be documented on the Hazardous Waste Training Roster (available in the Appendix), which shall be forwarded to the Environmental Health Safety and Risk Management Department prior to December 31st of each year. To meet regulatory requirements and as a service to departments, faculty and staff, the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department keeps training records on all individuals who have attended our training seminars. See the Appendix for a copy of a training roster. If you have a question with regards to your training record, please contact the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department.

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5. Waste Identification The first step in the management of hazardous waste is to determine whether a material is a waste. A waste is generally defined as a material, which is discarded, including materials that are either spent or intended to be thrown away. Materials that are being used for their intended purpose or are otherwise still reusable are not considered waste. A waste can be a solid, liquid, semisolid or contained gaseous material. Apart from the above definition, below are a few general steps to indentify if a chemical/substance is waste: • Spent material. • Unusable because it does not meet its required specifications. • Past its expiration date. • Unlabeled, and has been unlabeled for more than 30 days. • Abandoned. • A container that once held chemicals. • Unwanted and intended to be discarded or recycled.

A regulated chemical waste is defined as a waste which, due to its quantity, concentration, or physical and chemical characteristics may

• Cause, or significantly contribute to, an increase in mortality or an increase in serious or incapacitating illness; or

• Pose a substantial present or potential threat to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of, or otherwise managed.

The disposal of regulated waste and other unwanted chemicals has become increasingly complicated. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) regulate the treatment and disposal of chemical wastes in Texas. The purpose of this section is to help you better understand exactly what is and is not a regulated chemical waste. In doing so, we hope that you may be able to design experiments with waste minimization in mind, and dispose of chemical waste generated in your laboratory in a manner consistent with legal requirements.

After a material is identified as waste, the person responsible for generating the waste must determine if the waste is a hazardous waste. If assistance is needed to determine the hazardous nature of a waste, contact the Environmental Health, Safety & Risk Management Department at 468-6034/468-4532. A hazardous waste is a waste: • Which exhibits any of four hazardous waste characteristics and/or • Falls into any of the four specific listing descriptions

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5.1 Characteristic Hazardous Waste In the code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR 261.20 – 261.24), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) defines the four fundamental characteristics of regulated waste as: Ignitability:

• Any liquid waste or liquid waste mixture having a flashpoint of 140º F (60º C) or

lower. Examples include most spent non-halogenated solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, xylene, toluene, benzene, and gasoline. Spent halogenated solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform, and dichlorobenzene, generally have a flashpoint above 140º F and, therefore, are not ignitable.

• Any solid waste that is capable of causing fire through friction or absorption of moisture or can undergo spontaneous chemical change resulting in persistent burning. Solids such as sodium or potassium metals, solid naphthalene, and nitrocellulose also fall into this category.

• Flammable compressed gases, including those that form flammable mixtures with air.

• Oxidizers that stimulate combustion of organic materials. • Ignitable wastes should always be isolated from ignition sources. • Ignitable materials include most common organic solvents, gases such as

hydrogen and hydrocarbons, and certain nitrate salts.

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Corrosivity: • Any waste liquids or waste liquid mixture having a pH less than or equal to 2 or

greater than or equal to 12.5. Examples include hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, and corrosive cleaning agents.

• Liquid substances which corrode steel at a rate greater than 6.35 millimeters (0.250 inches) per year at a test temperature of 55ºC (130º C).

• Dilution of acids or bases with water is not an acceptable practice. Acids and bases can be neutralized as part of an experiment, but that process must be a written step in the experimental procedure.

• In addition, liquids or liquid mixtures having a pH less than 5.5 or greater than 11.5 are not permitted to be disposed of via sink drains or other wastewater conveyances. Disposal of such liquids is specifically prohibited by the University’s wastewater discharge permit.

Reactivity: • Unstable materials capable of undergoing violent chemical change (without

detonating). • Materials which react violently with water. • Materials which form potentially explosive mixtures with water. • Materials which, when mixed with water, generate toxic gases, vapors, or fumes

in a quantity sufficient to present a danger to human health or the environment. • Cyanide or sulfide bearing wastes which, when exposed to pH conditions between

2 and 12.5, will generate toxic gases, vapors, or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present a danger to human health or the environment.

• Materials capable of detonation or explosive reaction when subjected to a strong initiating source or if heated in confinement.

• Materials which are capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at standard temperature and pressure.

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Toxicity:

• Any waste which contains concentrations of certain constituents in excess of regulatory limits is a toxic hazardous waste.

• According to EPA, the 40 constituents that must be considered when evaluating a waste for potential toxic concentrations include eight heavy metals, six pesticides and 26 solvents and other organics. Pesticides Metals Organics

Endrin Arsenic Chloroform Methyl ethyl ketone Lindane Barium o-Cresol Nitrobenzene Methoxychlor Cadmium m-Cresol Pentachlorophenol Toxaphene Chromium p-Cresol Pyridine 2,4-D Lead Cresol (total) Tetrachloroethylene 2,4,5 TP Silvex

Mercury 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Benzene

Selenium 1,2-Dichloroethane Trichloroethylene Silver 1,1-Dichloroethylene Carbon Tetrachloride 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 2,4,5-

Trichlorophenol Heptachlor Chlordane Hexachlrobenzene 2,4,6-

Trichlorophenol Hexachlorobutadiene Chlorobenzene Hezachloroethane Vinyl Chloride

• The levels at which these chemicals are regulated in mixtures varies from 0.2 ppm

to 400 ppm. For example, solutions that contain mercury at levels above 0.2 ppm are hazardous waste. These levels are very low, so if a waste contains one or more of these components it should be considered a hazardous waste.

• Note that the eight metals and other constituents listed here are regulated in both their pure forms and as compounds.

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5.2 Listed Hazardous Waste

The four lists of hazardous waste include the following which in total includes over 800 different substances. The wastes regulated as listed chemical wastes are listed in 40 CFR sections 261.31 (F list), 261.32 (K list), 261.33 (P and U lists). Refer to the Appendix for a detail list of these wastes. The F List addresses wastes from nonspecific sources (e.g., spent solvents) and is broken down into several subcategories (or codes). Five codes that are commonly applicable to laboratory wastes are:

F001 Code — Applicable to all spent solvent mixtures and blends used for degreasing which contained, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the following halogenated solvents:

tetrachloroethylene trichloroethylene methylene chloride 1,1,1-trichloroethane carbon tetrachloride chlorinated fluorocarbons

F002 Code — Applicable to all spent solvent mixtures and blends which contained, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the following halogenated solvents:

tetrachloroethylene methylene chloride trichloroethylene 1,1,1-trichloroethane chlorobenzene 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane ortho-dichlorobenzene trichlorofluoromethane 1,1,2-trichloroethane

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F003 Code — Applicable to all spent solvent mixtures and blends which contained, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the following non-halogenated solvents:

xylene acetone ethyl acetate ethyl benzene ethyl ether methyl isobutyl ketone n-butyl alcohol cyclohexanone methanol

F004 Code — Applicable to all spent solvent mixtures and blends which contained, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the following non-halogenated solvents:

cresols and cresylic acid nitrobenzene

F005 Code — Applicable to all spent solvent mixtures and blends which contained, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the following non-halogenated solvents:

toluene methyl ethyl ketone carbon disulfide isobutanol pyridine benzene 2-ethoxyethanol 2-nitropropane

The K List addresses waste from specific sources (e.g., pink/red water from TNT operations - K047) and is generally not applicable to wastes generated in research laboratories.

The P List addresses unused acutely hazardous materials (e.g., laboratory chemicals having an LD50 of less than 50 mg/kg (oral; rat)). It is applicable to many surplus chemicals that are disposed of by research laboratories. Some examples are nickel tetracarbonyl, phosphine, and osmium tetroxide.

The U List addresses unused hazardous materials (e.g., toxic laboratory chemicals). Like the P list, this is applicable to many surplus chemicals that are disposed of by research laboratories. Some examples are aniline, benzene, and acetone.

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F-LISTED

Waste originating from non-specific sources.

P-LISTED

Waste that is acutely toxic.

K-LISTED

Waste originating from specific sources.

U-LISTED

Waste that is toxic.

LISTED HAZARDOUS

WASTE

The Hazardous Waste Universe

• If your waste falls into either the listed or characteristic categories it must be

treated as hazardous waste. • Hazardous Waste cannot be disposed of by pouring down a drain or by

throwing in the general trash. • There are significant fines and penalties involved when hazardous waste is

disposed of illegally. In addition to the legal ramifications please realize that toxic wastes disposed down the sink or in the trash may cause environmental harm and can also create an unacceptable risk to human health.

NOTHING BUT RAIN GOES DOWN THE DRAIN

TOXIC CORROSIVE

REACTIVE IGNITABLE

CHARACTERISTIC HAZARDOUS

WASTE

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5.3 Class І Wastes Class І wastes are wastes, which are regulated by the TCEQ. They are not considered hazardous by the EPA definition, but must be disposed of at a permitted landfill due to Texas regulations. Examples of wastes which fall under the Class І definition are soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, sandblasting sand with leachable lead concentrations between 1.5 and 5.0 ppm, used oil, and solids that when mixed with an equal weight form a corrosive solution. The following are the guidelines for Class І wastes:

1. Regulated asbestos containing material. 2. Materials containing specific toxic chemical constituents, which exceed regulated

concentration levels, although not enough to be considered hazardous. 3. Liquids, which are ignitable at levels above 150 degrees F, or are solids and semi-

solids and contain chemicals considered to be ignitable under certain conditions incidental to storage, disposal or treatment.

4. Semi-solids and solids which when combined with water exhibit corrosive properties.

5. Empty containers, which held hazardous substances or a Class 1, waste, unless the residue has been completely removed through certain processes.

6. Waste containing more than 50 parts-per-million of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

7. Waste associated with exploration, development and production of crude oil, natural gas or geothermal energy, which contain more than 1,500 parts per million total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH).

8. All non-hazardous industrial solid waste generated outside Texas and transported into or through Texas for storage, processing or disposal.

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6. Waste Accumulation and Storage Areas The University’s Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department is the only department authorized to store, transport and send hazardous waste for disposal from the University’s central hazardous waste storage area. The central hazardous waste storage area is located within the premises of Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management near the intersection of Raguet and Austin St. The University has a standing contract with SET Environmental Inc. to dispose all hazardous waste generated from University properties. Stephen F. Austin State University is designated as a Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator (CESQG). Any person or department responsible for the loss of university waste status due to violations in waste management policies will be responsible for the fines and costs thereby incurred. This does not include any change in status resulting from an increased waste generation from the department or individual. However, every individual or department is responsible for their own waste disposal costs. 6.1 Satellite Accumulation Areas • These areas are individual research, teaching laboratories, classrooms or other

rooms on the main campus in which hazardous waste generation occurs. The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) considers each room or laboratory on campus where hazardous wastes are stored as a Satellite Accumulation Area.

• The hazardous waste containers in a Satellite Accumulation Area must always remain at or near the point of generation (i.e., within the room itself) and must be under the control of the operator of the process generating the waste at all times until they are ready for pick up by personnel of the EHS&RM.

• For the purpose of this manual, every laboratory must have a designated Satellite Accumulation Area. The location of this area must be reported to the Environmental Health, Safety & Risk Management Department.

• Satellite Accumulation Areas must be under control of the operator of the process generating waste at all times until they are ready for pick up by the EHS&RM.

• At no time may more than 55 gallons of hazardous waste or 1 quart of acute hazardous waste (i.e., “P-Listed) accumulate in a Satellite Accumulation Area prior to pickup by EHS&RM personnel or movement of the waste container to a proper storage area.

• Any waste in excess of the 55-gallons or 1 quart limits must be removed from the Satellite Accumulation Area within 3 calendar days. If the threshold is reached, the waste container must be moved to the accepted storage area in your department. If the department does not have a designated waste storage area, contact EHS&RM immediately.

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6.2 Central Accumulation Areas • Every department/college is required to have a designated waste storage area to

move the waste from satellite accumulation areas. The Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department must be notified of the location of this central storage area. It is only from this area that the EHS&RM picks up waste to be moved to the University central waste storage area.

• Waste in the designated department/college central storage area cannot be stored for more than 90 days.

Weekly inspections, specific storage requirements, emergency procedure availability, training, and recordkeeping are required for both the satellite accumulation and central storage areas. 6.3 Storage Guidelines • Follow the storage limit and time frame guidelines for satellite accumulation areas

and central storage areas as stated above. • Wastes must be in containers made of materials compatible with the contents. • The best containers for hazardous waste are the ones the original materials came

in. If the original container cannot be used then a compatible container in good condition is acceptable. Containers such as 5-gallon plastic jugs and 4-liter glass bottles are acceptable if the container and any residue left inside are compatible with new waste material.

• Larger containers are better if they can be filled within a reasonable time and does not present a storage hazard at your location. Please fill the containers to within 1 or 2 inches from the top before requesting disposal. This will aid the University in reducing waste, cutting costs and also speeding up removal of wastes from your location.

• All containers must have a secure, tight fitting, non-leaking lid. Containers with cracked or leaking lids sealed with parafilm are a deviation from storage requirements and will not be picked up.

• Lids must be secure on containers at all times unless waste is physically being added to the container.

• UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD A FUNNEL EVER BE LEFT IN AN UNATTENDED CONTAINER. Funnels in containers, improper labeling and waste containers with no lids are the three most common laboratory waste violations and will lead to costly fines.

Examples of Improper Container Capping

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• Hazardous waste should never be stored in or around drains or sinks. • For Satellite Accumulation Areas, waste must be stored in a secure place, near the

point of generation and always under control of trained personnel. • Waste must never be left in a hallway or any other area where it could endanger

personnel, facility safety or the environment. This area should be kept clean and inspected for spills on a daily basis.

• The central storage areas must be secured to prevent inadvertent access; that is, doors to waste areas should be kept locked when unattended.

• Wastes must be compatible with other wastes and hazardous materials in the area. • When wastes are separated properly, disposal options remain clearer and more

cost effective. • Never mix incompatible wastes or other materials in the same container or place

wastes in an unwashed container that previously held an incompatible waste or material. However, if separation is not practical, collect waste in compatible containers and try to keep it segregated into the following categories:

1. Miscellaneous solids, e.g., grossly contaminated gloves, rags or towels, and other grossly contaminated lab equipment should be collected separately from liquid wastes.

2. Halogenated solvents, e.g., methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride.

3. Note: Disposal of non-halogenated solvents contaminated with halogens costs 4-5 times as much as non-halogenated solvents.

4. Non-halogenated solvents, e.g., xylene, toluene, alcohols. 5. Waste oil must be kept as uncontaminated as possible in order to be recycled.

You should keep oils separate from other chemicals, particularly solvents, pesticides, and PCB's.

6. Acids. 7. Bases. 8. Metal-bearing waste whether dry, flammable, corrosive or other. Specific

metals of concern are arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, and thallium.

9. Accumulate waste that is both flammable and corrosive separately from waste that is either flammable or corrosive.

10. Special wastes, e.g., cyanide, sulfide, pesticides, oxidizers, organic acids, explosives and peroxides, should be collected individually whenever possible.

Examples of Improper Container Locations

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11. Mercury and mercury containing compounds. All mixtures containing mercury in any form must be disposed of as mercury contaminated waste.

6.3.1 Examples of Incompatible Chemicals

Chemical Incompatible with acetic acid chromic acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, peroxides, permanganates

acetic anhydride Hydroxyl-containing compounds such as ethylene glycol and perchloric acid

acetylene chlorine, bromine, copper, fluorine, silver, mercury acetone concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid mixtures

alkali and alkaline earth

metals

water, carbon tetrachloride or other chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, halogens

ammonia (anhydrous)

mercury, chlorine, calcium hypochlorite, iodine, bromine, hydrofluoric acid (anhydrous)

ammonium nitrate

acids, powdered metals, flammable liquids, chlorates, nitrates, sulfur, finely divided organic or combustible materials

aniline nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide arsenical materials

any reducing agent

azides acids bromine see chlorine

calcium oxide water carbon

(activated) calcium hypochlorite, all oxidizing agents

carbon tetrachloride

sodium

chlorates ammonium salts, acids, powdered metals, sulfur, finely divided organic or combustible materials

chromic acid and chromium

trioxide

acetic acid, naphthalene, camphor, glycerol, alcohol, flammable liquids in general

chlorine ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, methane, propane or other petroleum gases, hydrogen, sodium carbide, benzene, finely divided metals, turpentine

chlorine dioxide ammonia, methane, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide copper acetylene, hydrogen peroxide

cumene hydroperoxide

acids (organic and inorganic)

cyanides acids flammable

liquids ammonium nitrate, chromic acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, sodium peroxide, halogens

fluorine everything

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Chemical Incompatible with

hydrazine hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, any other oxidant hydrocarbons (e.g., propane,

butane, benzene)

fluorine, chlorine, bromine, chromic acid, sodium peroxide

hydrocyanic acid

nitric acid, alkali

hydrofluoric acid (aqueous or

anhydrous)

ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous)

hydrogen peroxide

copper, chromium, iron, most metals or their salts, alcohols, acetone, organic materials, aniline, nitromethane, combustible materials

hydrogen sulfide

fuming nitric acid, oxidizing gases

hypochlorites acids, activated carbon iodine acetylene, ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous), hydrogen

mercury acetylene, fulminic acid, ammonia nitrates sulfuric acid

nitric acid (concentrated)

acetic acid, aniline, chromic acid, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, flammable liquids, flammable gases, copper, brass, any heavy metals

nitrites acids nitroparaffins inorganic bases, amines

oxalic acid silver, mercury oxygen oils, grease, hydrogen, flammable liquids, solids, or gases

perchloric acid acetic anhydride, bismuth and its alloys, alcohol, paper, wood, grease, oils

peroxides, organic

acids (organic or mineral), avoid friction, store cold

phosphorus (white)

air, oxygen, alkalis, reducing agents

phosphorus pentoxide

alcohols, strong bases, water

potassium carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water potassium

chlorate sulfuric and other acids

potassium perchlorate

(also see chlorates)

sulfuric and other acids

potassium permanganate

glycerol, ethylene glycol, benzaldehyde, sulfuric acid

selenides reducing agents silver and silver

salts acetylene, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, ammonium compounds, fulminic acid

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Chemical Incompatible With sodium carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water

sodium nitrite ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts sodium

peroxide ethanol and methanol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, benzaldehyde, carbon disulfide, glycerin, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, furfural

sulfides acids sulfuric acid potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium permanganate

(and similar compounds of light metals such as sodium, lithium) tellurides reducing agents

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6.3.2 Labeling and Dating of Waste Containers

LABELS ARE DIFFERENT FROM WASTE TAGS

• Waste tags are not a substitute for container labels. • Each and every hazardous waste container must be labeled “HAZARDOUS

WASTE” when the first drop of waste is poured into the container. These labels along with waste tags will be supplied for free by EHS&RM. Each department is responsible for proper labeling of the waste containers.

• The chemical names of substances in the container must be listed on the container.

• When labeling the waste be specific (i.e., “Xylene”, “Acetone”, etc.) instead of using generalities such as “Non-Halogenated Solvents”.

• Do not use abbreviations, chemical formulas or trade names. • Proper labeling will eliminate the problem of identifying unknown chemicals and

wastes. Identification and analysis costs of unknown substances will be the responsibility of the department alone.

6.3.2.1 How to fill out the label

1) Accumulation Start Date:

The accumulation date tracks compliance with regulations on disposal time limits. Fill in the month, day and year. This is the date that a new container receives a drop of a waste.

2) Accumulation End Date: This is the date the container is full and ready for pick up by EHS&RM.

3) Generator Info:

This section defines the person who produced waste material. The information you provide can be used to track the waste back to you from a disposal site if there are problems with it later. You must provide the exact location where the waste was generated. Please include the department, building, room number, and phone information. Do not use the location of your office unless the waste is generated in your office.

4) Chemical Name:

a. In the first line, list the chemical name of each constituent; write the name in full, do not use formulas or abbreviations. List all known constituents, including water if the waste is aqueous. If the mixture contains non-hazardous constituents, they do still need to be listed for full compliance.

b. In the second line, list “% conc. or ppm,” or indicate by some means the relative concentrations of the listed constituents. There are many ways to meet the requirements of this section of the label. All methods must fully detail 100% of the constituents in the container.

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Given below are three approaches you may use to track the contents of your waste container while it is being filled. You can also develop your own method for describing the waste mixture. The below approaches are for suggestive information only. They are not standard.

I. Approach 1 When the primary container holds only one waste mixture, simply estimate the concentration of the constituents and put it right on the label.

II. Approach 2

If you place various waste mixtures into one container, you may be able to accurately estimate the concentration of the final mixture simply by tracking which constituents are added to the container. To ensure that the estimation is reasonably accurate (to within a few percent) you should consider factors such as the number of researchers adding waste to the container, the length of time it takes to fill the container and the number of chemicals added to the container. Make a list of all the chemicals that you might add to the container. Place a copy of this list on the container when you put a hazardous waste label (with information on accumulation date, generator, chemical name, physical state and hazard category) on it. As you add waste to the container, place a check mark next to the names of the chemicals that you are adding. When the container is full or nearing the end of accumulation time, someone from the research group will have to estimate the final % concentration of the checked constituents and enter it onto the label.

III. Approach 3

When approaches 1 and 2 will not accurately describe the waste, you can track the volume and percentages of each waste that is added to the container on a separate list, then use this information to complete the label. Attach a blank piece of paper to the container when you place a hazardous waste label (with information on accumulation date, generator, chemical name, physical state and hazard category) on it. Each time you add waste to the container, write on the sheet the mass or volume and quantitative description of the waste. For example, an entry might read “400 ml of 60% chloroform / 40% methylene chloride” (example given in Appendix D). When the container is full or nearing the end of accumulation time, the research group will be able to calculate the concentration or volume of each constituent and enter it onto the hazardous waste label. Be sure to complete the attachment sheet each time waste is added; remember, an inspector will cite you for not completing the label if it is obvious that the volume of waste on the attachment sheet is less than in the container! Regardless of the approach you use to track the contents of the

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container, there are several acceptable ways of expressing the waste concentration of the final mixture.

The chart below gives examples of 3 different ways to describe one waste. You may come up with your own method as long as you indicate 100% of the constituents in the container.

EXAMPLES OF HOW TO DESCRIBE CHEMICAL NAMES ON A LABEL

C CHEMICAL NAME % CONC OR PPM

Example #1

Chloroform/Methylene Chloride (60/40) 400 ml. Acetonitrile/water (90/10) 800 ml. Zinc/water (50 ppm) 600 ml. 80% Methanol water remainder 2,200 ml.

Example #2

Chloroform/Methylene Chloride (60/40) 10% Acetonitrile/water (90/10) 20% Zinc/water (50 ppm) 600 ml. 80% Methanol water remainder 55%

Example #3 Chloroform 6% Methylene Chloride 4% Acetonitrile 18% Zinc 7.5 ppm Methanol 44% Water 28%

5) Physical State/Physical Property Check only one. Information on physical state is legally required. The labels and forms need to be explicitly marked. Check both solid and liquid if the waste has two phases.

6) Hazard Category

Check only one. For mixtures, check the one that is the most hazardous, also known as the primary hazard. Use a Material Safety Data Sheet to decide hazard category. If no hazard can be clearly identified, check toxic.

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7) Reactivity Clearly indicate if it reacts with water or air. If there are additional instructions, please list them on the label so that it will help others who might accidentally add waste to the container.

6.3.3 Disposal Procedures for Regulated Wastes Each department at Stephen F. Austin State University is responsible for the disposal of their hazardous waste and should budget appropriately. All SFASU departments should report any waste to the Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department. SET Environmental Inc. has a standing contract to dispose all the hazardous waste generated from Stephen F. Austin State University. The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department will assist all departments with the removal and disposal process of departmental hazardous waste and should always be contacted whenever hazardous waste is being generated. Each department should follow the removal and disposal guidelines outlined in this manual.

Step-By-Step Instructions Before disposing of hazardous waste:

1. Determine if you can reuse or recycle this waste in your laboratory. If so, there is no need to dispose of the material.

2. If you have unopened or uncontaminated containers in a usable form, you should attempt to find another user. This will avoid the cost of disposal, the environmental impact of disposal, and needless cost to another user incurred through the purchase of new chemicals. The Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department can assist you in this process.

3. The following are some of the criteria to decide if a substance is waste: spent material, unusable because it doesn’t meet its required specifications, past its expiration date, unlabeled, has been unlabeled for more than 10 days, abandoned, a container that once held chemicals, unwanted and intended to be discarded or recycled.

4. Determine if a chemical is an “extremely hazardous” waste. Check the list of known hazardous and extremely hazardous substances provided in the Appendix. If the chemical is in the listed wastes, follow appropriate directions.

5. If a substance is not an extremely hazardous waste, determine if it is “hazardous

waste”. If you answer NO to all the questions below, your chemical waste is not a hazardous waste. If you answer YES to any of the questions below, your chemical is hazardous chemical waste. Follow the storage and disposal guidelines outlined in this manual.

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For empty containers that once held hazardous chemical wastes, read How to Dispose of Empty Hazardous Materials Containers. Dispose of nonhazardous waste according to its type:

o Solids can go in the regular trash. DO NOT attempt to dissolve powders or salts and dispose of them in a drain.

o Liquids can be poured down a drain, but may first require neutralizing or other conditioning.

• Does the waste consist of solid reagent chemicals in a manufacturer's container?

• Is the waste ignitable? o Is the flashpoint less than or equal to 140°F or 60°C? o Can the waste cause fire at standard temperature and pressure

through friction, absorption of moisture, or spontaneous chemical changes?

o Is the waste an ignitable compressed gas? o Is the waste an oxidizer? o Will it release oxygen when reacting with another chemical? o Will it react with organic materials such as oils, greases,

solvents, paper, cloth, wood, etc., to ignite? • Is the waste corrosive?

o Is it a liquid with pH less than or equal to 2, or greater than or equal to 12.5?

o Is it a solid with pH less than or equal to 2, or greater than or equal to 12.5 when mixed with an equal weight of water?

o Will it aggressively corrode steel? o Will it destroy living tissue?

• Is the waste reactive? o Is it normally unstable or subject to violent change? o Does it react violently with water by forming potentially

explosive mixtures or toxic gases, vapors, or fumes? o Is it a cyanide- or sulfide-bearing waste that can create toxic

gases, vapors, or fumes when exposed to pH conditions between 2 and 12.5?

o Can it detonate or explode when decomposing at standard temperature and pressure, when subjected to a strong initiating source, or when heated under confinement?

• Is the waste toxic? (Toxicity measures apply to all species.) o Does it have an acute oral LD50 less than 2,500 milligram per

kilogram? o Does it have an acute dermal LD50 less than 4,300 mg/kg?

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o Does it have an acute inhalation LC50 less than 10,000 ppm as a gas or vapor?

o Does it have an acute aquatic 96-hour LC50 less than 500 milligrams per liter?

o Has the material shown through experience or testing to pose a hazard to human health or the environment because of its carcinogenicity (carcinogen, mutagen, and teratogen), acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, bio-accumulative properties, or persistence in the environment?

6. Many hazardous wastes are still hazardous at very low concentrations (less than 1%). Contact the EHS&RM at 468-6034/468-4532 for assistance in determining if your low-concentration waste is hazardous.

7. Separate solids and liquids. All liquids must be free of solid material and or

sludge to facilitate consolidation, recycling and proper disposal. If solids cannot be separated from liquids, the identification and quantity of the solid component must be listed on the container. Every effort should be made to separate solids and liquids.

8. Consolidate similar wastes. Effort should be made by the waste generator to

consolidate same-type waste into as few containers as possible.

9. Make sure containers are compatible with the material inside and if not, perform a transfer to a new container. Containers must be leak free, have a tight cap, and be clean on the outside. Stoppers and corks are not acceptable. Containers must be no more than 90% full.

10. Label all waste containers. Make sure containers are marked with: a) the words

"HAZARDOUS WASTE” b) use the guidelines described in the manual to fill out the label.

11. Segregate all the waste appropriately. Refer to the SFA Laboratory Manual and SFA Waste Manual for proper information on compatibility between chemicals. Contact EHS&RM for further assistance at 468-6034/468-4532.

12. Fill out the hazardous materials tag appropriately. Tear off the bottom portion and mail it to Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management. The address is printed on the backside of every waste tag. Campus mail will take no more than 2 days to deliver the waste tag. Fill out and mail the waste tag at least 3 days before the container is full.

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7. Biological Wastes

The Texas Department of State Health Services (TDSHS) has identified biological waste as waste that requires special handling to protect human health or the environment. It is further defined as a solid waste, which, if improperly treated or handled, may serve to transmit an infectious disease(s). Biological waste is regulated by the TCEQ and the TDSHS. This waste is comprised of the following:

A. Microbiological Waste

Microbiological waste includes:

• Discarded cultures and stocks of infectious agents and associated biologicals. • Discarded cultures of specimens from medical, pathological, pharmaceutical,

research, clinical, commercial, and industrial laboratories. • Discarded live and attenuated vaccines, but excluding the empty containers

thereof. • Discarded, used disposable culture dishes. • Discarded, used disposable devices used to transfer, inoculate, or mix cultures.

Note: In vitro tissue cultures that have not been intentionally exposed to pathogens are exempt from these regulations.

B. Animal Waste

Animal waste includes:

• Carcasses of animals. • Body parts of animals. • Whole blood, serum, plasma, and/or other blood components from animals. • Bedding of animals intentionally exposed to pathogens.

C. Human Blood and Blood Products

Human blood and blood products include:

• Human blood, serum, plasma, other blood components, and body fluids. • Disposable items contaminated with human blood or body fluids.

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D. Pathological Waste

Pathological waste includes but is not limited to:

• Human materials removed during surgery, labor and delivery, autopsy, embalming, or biopsy, including: body parts and tissues or fetuses.

• Products of spontaneous or induced human abortions, regardless of the period of gestation, including: body parts, tissues or fetuses, organs, and bulk blood and body fluids.

• Laboratory specimens of blood and tissue after completion of laboratory examination.

• Anatomical remains.

E. Sharps

Sharps include but are not limited to the following, regardless of contamination:

• Hypodermic needles. • Hypodermic syringes with attached needles. • Scalpel blades. • Razor blades, disposable razors, and disposable scissors used in surgery or other

medical procedures. • Glass Pasteur pipettes.

Sharps include but are not limited to the following, when contaminated:

• Glass pipettes. • Broken glassware. • Specimen tubes; • Blood culture bottles. • Microscope slides.

Contaminated is defined as the presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood, body fluids, or other infectious materials.

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7.1 Disposal of Biological Waste To ensure safe and legal disposal, careful attention must be given to the disposal of university generated bio-hazardous waste. All categories of bio-hazardous waste must be packaged and handled in accordance with their associated requirements. Regular Bio-hazardous Waste All bio-hazardous waste not containing a cut/puncture hazard is to be considered regular bio-hazardous waste. This material should be wrapped securely and then placed in an approved biohazard bag (orange or red with official biohazard symbol). If you treat your own waste in an approved method which does not need to be regulated, you are still required to have a written protocol for the disposal method of the particular waste. All written protocols and standard operating procedures for waste disposal being used by any laboratory should be documented and a copy is to be submitted to Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department. Sharps All sharp, contaminated objects should be placed in an approved puncture resistant "sharps" container. This container should have securely capped ends or a closable top or lid. Animal Carcasses Animal carcasses containing known bio-hazardous agents should be placed in an approved biohazard bag. See the section of this manual titled "Disposal of Radioactive Wastes" for information on handling radioactively contaminated carcasses. The above procedures apply only for bio-hazardous waste and not chemical or radioactive wastes. If you have any questions about safe biohazard handling or proper disposal, contact the Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department at 468-6034/468-4532.

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COMPLIANCE CAUTION THE CITY OF NACOGDOCHES MONITORS SEWER OUTFALLS FOR THE PRESENCE OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS IMPROPER DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE IN THE TRASH OR SEWER CAN RESULT IN CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PROSECUTION OF THE INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBLE. 1. The Nacogdoches sanitary system will be monitored for hazardous waste

constituents. Further, there are numerous sampling locations within the university sewer system to monitor the source of pollutants disposed down the drain.

2. Labels: Proper labeling is necessary to comply with state and federal regulation, to allow proper classification of the mixture, to ensure proper segregation, storage and shipment, and to meet the requirements of your waste disposal contractor. Please label and package your waste as thoroughly as possible.

3. Container Markings: Producers of hazardous waste must properly mark and date containers of hazardous waste with the words "hazardous waste" and the starting and ending dates of accumulation for the waste.

4. The accumulation date depends on the way the waste is generated. If you are cleaning a storage area and decide to discard some old chemicals, the material becomes a hazardous waste as soon as you decide to discard it.

5. The label on each container of waste must contain the words "Hazardous Waste", the complete chemical composition of the waste including volume or percent of each component, and the name of the responsible person.

6. Waste, which is routinely generated, may be collected over a period of time before it is disposed of. For example, a researcher may repeatedly perform a simple separation, which yields a few milliliters of waste solvent. The waste solvent is then poured into a suitable container such as a one-gallon glass bottle or a five-gallon can. The container must be no more than 90% full.

7. From the first time a waste is put into the container it must be labeled with the words "Hazardous Waste", a complete itemized list of the contents (chemical name and volume), the date the first amount of waste was placed in the container and the date the container was considered full. It is critically important that waste being accumulated in Satellite Accumulation Areas be labeled and stored properly.

8. Time Limits: No facility on campus is allowed to accumulate more than 55 gallons of hazardous waste or one quart of acutely hazardous waste in a Satellite Accumulation Area at one time. Laboratory areas are further restricted by the Fire Code as to the maximum quantity of total "flammable/combustible" material that may be stored there.

9. It is important to plan ahead for the disposal of hazardous waste. FAILURE TO MEET THESE REQUIREMENTS COULD RESULT IN PENALTIES AND FINES ASSESSED AGAINST THE UNIVERSITY AND INDIVIDUAL WASTE GENERATOR(S).

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8. Waste Minimization Federal and state law requires all generators of hazardous waste to develop strategies reducing both the volume and the toxicity of hazardous wastes. Please call EHS&RM if you have any ideas on this subject. Also as part of the University agreement with the State of Texas, we must make significant efforts to minimize the amount of waste produced. Some general examples of waste minimization techniques are: • Substitution – The best way to minimize hazardous waste is to replace toxic or

other hazardous materials with less toxic or non-hazardous substances. An example of substitution includes using Alconox instead of sulfuric/chromic acid glass cleaner and replacing mercury thermometers with less hazardous alcohol thermometers or those with plastic coatings less likely to break when dropped.

• Recycling/Redistribution – Chemicals that are like new or unopened can often be redistributed to other labs or work areas saving disposal costs for the University and new product costs for the recipient. Reuse chemicals before disposal if possible.

• Ordering and Procurement Practices – Order only what you will need based on the shelf life of chemical and quantities required. A significant percentage of waste disposed by the University consists of old, unused reagent chemicals. You can sometimes return unused chemicals to the vendor. Even if you are not reimbursed for returning the chemicals, you save disposal costs. Purchase only as much as you need. Bulk discounts may cost more due to eventual removal costs.

• Micro Chemistry – Use small-scale chemistry instead of traditional methods to

reduce the amount of chemicals used in laboratory experiments. • Redistilling – Reclaim solvents through distillation processes in laboratories

using large quantities of solvents. This is a good way to cut lab costs and drastically reduce the cost of purchasing new solvents. Keep in mind that the residue generated from the re - distillation process is hazardous waste.

• In-Laboratory Destruction – Some chemicals can be neutralized or made

exempt from hazardous waste regulations by treatment or alteration in the laboratory. This must be done only as part of the experiment and in accordance with published or recognized methods. Contact EHS&RM prior to performing in-laboratory destruction to confirm the process is safe and meets regulatory requirements. An example would be neutralizing strong acids or bases as the last step in an experiment. All such procedures should be written down as standard laboratory protocols for the particular substance and must be submitted to the EHS&RM for approval.

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• Proper segregation will always save disposal costs. Different treatment procedures have different costs. Proper segregation will allow some solvents to be recycled and thus results in lesser disposal costs.

9. Onsite Treatment and Disposal There is a general prohibition against onsite treatment and disposal of any hazardous waste without a permit. Stephen F. Austin State University is not currently permitted for on-site treatment or disposal of hazardous wastes. Departments cannot treat and dispose hazardous waste without appropriate waste permit. Unauthorized treatment and disposal of hazardous waste can lead to heavy penalties to the tune of hundreds of thousands of dollars and the respective departments and individuals will be held responsible. If the waste is regulated and the laboratory is using published or recognized methods, they are still unauthorized to treat waste without appropriate permit.

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10. Radioactive Waste All radioactive waste generated by the use of radioactive materials at Stephen F. Austin `State University shall be disposed of in such a way as to prevent the occurrence of a hazard to the health of university staff, students, faculty and the general public. Adherence to the requirements and recommendations stated in the following sections will achieve these goals, as well as ensure compliance with the Texas Regulations for the Control of Radiation. 10.1 Responsibilities of the Departments Currently, SFASU has a standing contract with SET Environmental Inc for removal and disposal of all hazardous and radioactive wastes. Each department should follow the removal and disposal guidelines of the specific waste that they generate. The following is required to implement effective radioactive waste management procedures within the laboratory. Specifically, the department shall: 1. Provide adequate radioactive material labeled receptacles for each radioisotope and

type of radioactive waste generated. 2. Ensure that radioactive wastes are placed in these assigned receptacles, and are not

disposed of as ordinary wastes. You must report any such incidents of improper waste disposal to the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department.

3. Maintain written records of the activity of all wastes. 4. Assure that radioactive waste is not allowed to be stockpiled in the lab, either in the

designated waste storage area, or in any other areas used for temporary storage. 5. Designate an area of the lab to be used as a waste area using the following guidelines:

• Located away from heavy traffic or constantly used areas. • Large enough to allow for shielding if necessary. High-energy beta and gamma

emitters must be stored behind the appropriate shielding material to minimize the external exposure to lab personnel.

• Allows for containment of liquid waste in the event of a spill or container failure. As the generator of radioactive waste material, laboratory personnel have firsthand knowledge of waste content. Consequently, laboratory personnel have the full responsibility of handling all requirements and documentation associated with it. Do not, under any circumstance, place radioactive waste where it might be picked up by housekeeping personnel and be disposed of as ordinary waste in the dumpster. Accidental improper radioactive waste disposal must be reported immediately to the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department.

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10.2 Segregation of Radioactive Waste All radioactive waste must be segregated according to isotope. Only Tritium (3H) and Carbon-14 (14C) can be placed in the same container; all other isotopes must be placed in separate containers. In addition to segregation by isotope, radioactive waste must also be separated by physical form. Ten (10) basic physical forms of radioactive waste are identified: 1. Solid 2. Glass 3. Sharps 4. Liquid 5. Liquid Scintillation Vials 6. Biological 7. Animal Remains 8. Source Vials 9. Lead Pigs 10. Sealed Sources 1. Radioactive Solids It is compromised of most disposable items, as well as lab supplies that have been contaminated with radioactive material. Examples: Such items include, but are not necessarily restricted to absorbent work surface coverings and/or other protective coverings; plastic/rubber gloves, tubing, and syringes; unbroken glassware such as pipettes, beakers, flasks, columns, etc. Containers for Disposal: Yellow Radioactive Materials bags. Do not use any other type of plastic bag to collect the solid radioactive waste. The yellow radioactive material bags must be placed in closeable waste receptacles (e.g. plastic foot operated trashcan) that remains closed at all times. Departments must obtain their own receptacles and bags. Requirements for safe handling and disposal of this type of radioactive waste are: • Exercise extreme care when handling radioactive wastes in any quantity. • Label all bags with the date, isotope, total activity and department’s name. • Deface or remove all radioactive labels and labware labels before placing waste into

the bags. • Inspect the plastic waste bag for leaks prior to removal from the lab. Use a second

yellow bag to contain the waste if necessary. • Do take care not to place anything in the bag in such a way that may tear it. • Do not use any other type of plastic bag to collect the radioactive material waste. • Do not, under any circumstances, place radioactive waste where it might be picked up

by housekeeping personnel and be disposed of as ordinary waste in the dumpsters. • Waste receptacles must remain covered at all times.

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2. Radioactive Glass Contaminated glassware and other unbroken glass should be packaged separately from other solid radioactive waste. Containers for Disposal: A strong cardboard box properly labeled and sealed is adequate for disposal use. 3. Radioactive Sharps Sharps are defined as anything that could tear the yellow radioactive materials bag. Examples: Needles, broken glass, glass pipettes, razor blades, capillary tubes, etc. Containers for Disposal: Puncture resistant plastic tubes. When full, securely recap with orange/red top and properly label tube. Requirements for safe handling and disposal of this type of radioactive waste are: • Care must be taken to not injure oneself during placement of sharps into container. • Do not attempt to overfill container. • Do make sure that all sharps are dry before placing into container. • When full, securely cap tube with orange/red top. 4. Radioactive Liquid The category of radioactive liquid waste can be further divided into: (a) Aqueous, (b) Organic, and (c) Other liquids. Examples: (a) Aqueous Liquids - Water-based liquids with a pH between 5.0-9.0, such as saline and

buffer solutions or washings from contaminated laboratory glassware, weak acids or bases that contain no biological, pathogenic, or infectious materials.

(b) Organic Liquids - Organic laboratory solvents such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and organic acids. Note: This category does not include scintillation fluids.

(c) Other Liquids - Contaminated pump oil, etc. Containers for Disposal: Specially designated containers (carboys). These carboys are to be filled to approximately 80% of available container volume. Do not overfill these containers. Requirements for safe handling and disposal of this type of radioactive waste are: • While the container is in the laboratory, provide for double containment as a

precaution against leakage. This will control carboy failure, and is also necessary because pouring is usually accompanied by drips, dribbles, and seeping. Carboys should be placed in a tray or pan that will contain the liquid in the event of a spill of the carboy. At a minimum, plastic backed absorbent paper shall be placed under all liquid waste carboys.

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• Do not use glass containers for storage of radioactive liquid waste. If plastic-incompatible contaminated organic solvents are required to be kept in glass containers, the bottle must be doubled contained.

• After emptying labware of radioactive liquid, the first three rinses of the labware must also be placed in the radioactive liquid waste container. No radioactive liquid is to be poured down the sink; sinks will be surveyed during routine audits of the laboratories.

• Do not mix liquid waste types in the carboys (e.g. organic with aqueous). • Pipettes and other such items are not to be placed in the carboys. • All biological material in the carboys must be properly deactivated. Carboys should

be kept as free of contamination as possible. 5. Radioactive Liquid Scintillation Vials Examples: Glass or plastic vials containing organic or aqueous based liquid scintillation fluid. Containers for Disposal: The waste is disposed of in the original cardboard trays and placed in a yellow radioactive material bag or double bagged in a yellow radioactive material bag for disposal. Glass vials not in the original trays must be double bagged in yellow radioactive material bags and placed in a cardboard box. Absorbent material must be placed in the cardboard box to absorb any leakage from the vials. Empty vials are to be disposed of as dry and semi-solid radioactive waste Requirements for safe handling and disposal of this type of radioactive waste are: • Assure that all tops are on the vials tightly. • Do not empty used vials into plastic bags. Leaking or seeping scintillation fluid will

dissolve plastic. • Label each box of vials containing aqueous scintillation cocktail and segregate from

organic cocktail vials. • If the vials must be used again, pour the liquid waste into a carboy along with the first

rinse of the vial. Because most scintillation cocktail solutions are volatile and will contain radioactive substances, the procedures of pouring out the solution should be conducted in a properly ventilated fume hood.

6. Radioactive Biological Waste This category includes radioactive waste containing biological, pathogenic, or infectious material and the equipment used to handle such material. Examples: By-product animal waste (i.e. serum, blood, excreta), contaminated capillary tubes and other equipment contaminated with animal fluids, radioactive material labeled culture media. Container for Disposal: Yellow radioactive materials bags labeled with biological waste stickers or red biological bags labeled with radioactive material stickers.

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Requirements for safe handling and disposal of this type of radioactive waste are: • Liquids must be absorbed into another material such as paper towels, sponges, gauze,

etc. prior to placing into bags. • Pathogenic and infectious waste must be sterilized by chemical treatment or

autoclaving as appropriate. If autoclaved, the autoclave must be checked for radioactive contamination after use.

7. Radioactive Animal Remains Examples: Radioactive animal carcasses, animal bedding, and by-product animal waste with the carcasses (i.e. viscera, serum, blood, excreta, tissue, etc.) and other animal tissue containing radioactive materials. Container for Disposal: Yellow Radioactive Materials bags. Requirements for safe handling and disposal of this type of radioactive waste are: • Animal remains containing radioactive material in any quantity are subject to

handling according to the guidelines. • A tag showing: the date, radioisotope, total activity, and the laboratory shall be tied to

the bag. Bags not labeled cannot legally be disposed of, so an investigation will be performed to identify the generator of the unlabeled waste. If the bag is placed in the freezer by personnel from your lab, the same information must appear on the tag. • Do not allow animal remains containing radioactive materials to be disposed of in the

dumpsters, or otherwise disposed of as ordinary wastes. • Liquids surrounding carcasses must be absorbed into another material (e.g. paper

towels, sponges, gauze, etc.) prior to placing into yellow bags. 8. Source Vials Examples: The original vials that the radioactive materials were shipped in from the supplier. This includes full, partially full, and empty vials. Containers for Disposal: Source vials must be separated from the dry and semi-solid waste stream. Place the vials in a cardboard box for disposal.

• Do not place lead pigs and/or plastic source vial containers into the dry and semi-solid waste. Place these with the vials in the original cardboard shipping box for disposal.

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9. Lead Pigs Examples: the original lead and lead impregnated shielding containers surrounding source vials.

• Lead is a hazardous waste and must be disposed of accordingly. • Do not place lead pigs and lead impregnated shielding containers into the solid

waste. Place these in the original cardboard shipping box for disposal. 10. All Sealed Sources Examples: Calibration sources, check sources, quenched standard sets, electron capture gas chromatograph detectors, etc. Container for Disposal: Sealed sources must be separated from the solid waste. Place the sources in a cardboard box for disposal. • Check for broken or crushed sources and handle these damaged sources with extreme

care. • All sources must be disposed of properly by a private contractor, even if decayed. • A final survey and/or leak test on all sources prior to disposal shall be done by the

department. 10.3 Disposal of Radioactive Waste Radioactive wastes that are handled by departments are subject to the same time and logistical constraints as the chemical and bio-hazardous waste streams. When the waste containers are full: 1. Close and properly seal the containers. Bags are to be taped, carboys must have the lids

tightly in place, and sharps must have both end caps on. 2. Yellow-bagged dry and semi-solid waste must be removed from the waste bag

supporting container and taped shut to be considered ready for pickup. 3. Full waste containers that require shielding shall not be left outside of the shield while

awaiting pickup by private commercial vender. 4. Label the container with department's name, isotope, activity and date. 5. Currently, SFASU Departments contract individually with a commercial vendor for

removal and disposal of radioactive wastes. Each department should follow the removal and disposal guidelines of their contractor for the disposal of their generated hazardous waste.

SAFETY CAUTION SIGNIFICANT EXPOSURES MAY RESULT FROM THE FAILURE TO ADEQUATELY SHIELD WASTES AWAITING PICKUP.

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11. Non Hazardous Waste HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS SHOULD NOT BE PUT IN DUMPSTERS • Not all laboratory wastes are hazardous and so should not be entered into the

SFASU hazardous waste program. No wastes, which are defined as hazardous by EPA may be placed in the dumpsters. Refer to hazardous waste section of this manual for guidelines to identifying hazardous waste.

• Liquid waste (i.e., bottles of unused or partially used solutions) may never be disposed of in dumpsters, as liquid wastes are not permitted at the municipal landfill.

• Empty containers of waste commercial products or chemicals are acceptable if no freestanding liquids remain in the containers and all disposal requirements noted on the label are complied with.

• Pesticide containers, or those which contained acutely hazardous materials, must be triple rinsed and the rinse water collected for disposal as hazardous waste.

• Empty containers must be perforated on both ends and/or crushed, and the container labels defaced or otherwise marked to indicate the containers no longer contain hazardous materials.

• Animal wastes containing formaldehyde are not acceptable in dumpsters; carcasses and the liquid (i.e. formalin) should be disposed of as hazardous waste.

• Certain solid, non-hazardous chemicals are suitable for disposal to the sanitary landfill. However, such chemicals should not be placed in laboratory trash containers as custodial personnel have been instructed not to handle any chemical wastes. Non-hazardous solids should be placed directly into the dumpsters.

• The following types of solid laboratory wastes are generally considered non-hazardous or of low toxicity and so may be put directly in the dumpsters. As noted above, solutions of such wastes should not be put in the laboratory trash containers. Check with ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, SAFETY, and RISK MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT for quantities greater than 5 pounds.

a. Organic chemicals:

Sugars and starches Naturally occurring a-amino acids and salts Citric acid and its Na, K, Mg, Ca, NH4 salts Lactic acid and its Na, K, Mg, Ca, NH4 salts

b. Inorganic chemicals Sulfates: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, NH4 Phosphates: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, NH4 Carbonates: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, NH4 Oxides: B, Mg, Ca, Sr, Al, Si, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn Chlorides: Na, K, Mg Fluorides: Ca Borates: Na, K, Mg, Ca

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c. Laboratory materials not contaminated with hazardous chemicals: Chromatographic absorbents Filter paper, filter aids, and glassware Rubber and plastic protective clothing

• Non-hazardous gases (e.g. carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, neon) may generally

be vented to the atmosphere via a certified and functioning laboratory fume hood. Please check with EHS&RM prior to such venting, particularly for large volumes. While many such gases are not toxic, if vented at a rate greater than the removal rate of the fume hood, an asphyxiant hazard could be created in the laboratory.

• If there is any question as to whether a waste is acceptable for land filling, please contact the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department (468-4532).

11.1 Non Contaminated Glass When a laboratory on campus wishes to dispose of glassware, empty bottles, glass pipettes, test tubes etc., that is free of radiological, chemical or biological hazards, the waste can be placed by the laboratory personnel into the dumpsters located outside most of the buildings. Custodial Services will not pick up broken glass or empty chemical containers of any kind. 1. All glass must be free of chemical, biological or radioactive contamination before

packaging of the material begins. 2. Contaminated materials must be thoroughly cleaned of all visible contamination on or

in the glassware. Pipettes cannot have appreciable amounts of liquid still inside them. Chemically contaminated glassware must have been triple rinsed and the rinse collected as hazardous waste. Biological contamination must have been sterilized or sanitized to ensure all organisms, pathogens or viruses are dead. Radioactive contaminated glassware should be sent out as radioactive waste and not packaged with other glass waste.

3. After the generator has ensured that the glass is free of all hazardous contaminants, the glass must be packaged in either the broken glass receptacles or packaged in thick cardboard boxes.

4. Each container should be no more than 90% full and weigh less than 20 pounds. 5. The container must be marked with the words "Broken Glass" and be taped shut with

no protruding shards of glass or pipettes sticking out. Any container that is not taped shut or has glass protruding will not be picked up.

6. The generator must ensure the material placed in these receptacles is dry. Wet material will damage the bottoms of the receptacles causing the bottoms to become weakened and difficult to pick up.

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12. Unknown Waste If you have an unidentified chemical waste that you want to dispose of, attempt to identify the contents by asking other researchers if they produced the material or know who did. If the original researcher cannot be found, narrow the scope of potential generators. If your efforts at identifying the waste are unsuccessful, the contents will have to be analyzed at a significant cost. Please notify EHS&RM as soon as an unknown waste is discovered. You cannot move or dispose any unknown substance from your lab. No possible price quote will be given for any analyzing costs that are incurred in the process of identification of the unknown substance. The department or individual are solely responsible to pay for any analyzing costs. 13. MOU Glassware The Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) and the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) has developed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) as required by the Texas Safety and Health Code. Under the MOU, certain laboratory apparatus are prohibited from being sold or transferred to any person or entity not holding a DPS permit or waiver. Therefore, this laboratory apparatus cannot be sent to surplus for sale to the public nor can it be given to anyone outside of the University. The following items are identified by this MOU as controlled: adapter tubes condensers distilling apparatus distilling flasks encapsulating machines Erlenmeyer, two-necked, single neck, round bottom,

thermometer, and filtering flasks filter, buchner, and separatory funnels

flask heaters

heating mantles Soxhlet extractors tableting machines three-necked flasks transformers vacuum dryers To dispose of the above listed items, first try to find another lab group at the University that can use them. If that is not possible, contact EHS&RM at 468-6034.

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14. Empty Container: Did s No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes To properly use the empty container flow chart, the container must be truly empty. Not a drop of liquid, or any solid residue that could be scraped out, may be present.

Did the container previously hold a hazardous material?

This container is not regulated

Do you intend to reuse the container in the future to hold compatible waste?

Cross out the original label

Is the volume of the container greater than 5 gallons or less?

Did the container hold an acutely or extremely hazardous material?

Would trashing the container pose a hazard?

Remove the cap or lid and place the container in the trash

Will rinsing the container remove the hazard?

Rinse the container and manage the rinsate as hazardous waste

Put a hazardous waste label on the container. The accumulation date = the date the container was emptied. The chemical name is the chemical composition of the containers former contents. Fill in the rest of the label as per labeling standards outlined in the manual and request a pick up.

An empty container has the following characteristics: Not one drop of

material can be removed by tilting or inverting the container.

Solid and semi-solid material cannot be feasibly removed by scrapping or chipping.

Aerosols – Contents and propellant are used to maximum extent feasible under normal use.

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15. Universal Waste Federal and State agencies also regulate other wastes the University generates under less stringent guidelines set up to encourage recycling and reduce illegal disposal. The wastes falling under this category are noted as Universal Wastes and include batteries, spent fluorescent lamps (lights), pesticides and certain mercury-containing equipment. If you have questions concerning the proper handling, storage and management of any of these wastes contact EHS&RM at 468-6034. Please be reminded that it is illegal to dump this waste in trash without following proper procedures.

Batteries: All spent batteries (AA, AAA, C, D, 9V, calculator batteries, etc.) are classified as Universal Wastes and must be recycled.

Fluorescent Lamps: All spent fluorescent lamps, except those with green end caps; contain mercury in such amounts that they exhibit a hazardous waste toxicity characteristic. As with spent batteries, state and federal regulations allow them to be managed as a Universal Waste and must be recycled. However, if the lamps are broken during removal they must be managed as hazardous waste and require labeling and containerization as appropriate. In the event of a broken bulb, contact the Physical Plant or EHS&RM. In addition to the hazardous constituents in the fluorescent lamps, spent light ballasts also require special consideration because they may contain PCBs. Leaking ballast must be kept separate and containerized immediately. In the event of ballast malfunction or leaking contact the Physical Plant.

Pesticides: Waste pesticides can also qualify as Universal Wastes if they have been recalled or come from stocks of unused products gathered as part of a waste pesticide collection program. Mercury-Containing Equipment: This category includes devices, items, or articles that contain varying amounts of elemental mercury integral to its function. Some commonly recognized devices are thermostats, barometers, manometers, temperature and pressure gauges and mercury switches, such as light switches in automobiles.

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16. Emergency Response to Waste Spills There are numerous different chemical, biological, and radioactive hazardous materials used throughout Stephen F. Austin State University on a daily basis. These chemicals are used in a variety of settings such as laboratories, research settings, building maintenance operations, construction/renovation projects and so forth. The range of individuals using chemical substances at the University also varies greatly from students, faculty, staff, and contractors. Each hazardous material user should educate themselves with the specific hazardous material that he/she plans to work with, and consider response options in case of a spill or release beforehand. With the high level of chemical, biological, and radioactivity (i.e. laboratory use, plant operations functions, etc.) around the campus there is a high probability that a “spill” will occur. These general controls are designed to aid the user in responding to spills in which the user has a thorough knowledge of the hazardous substances and there is no immediate threat to the safety and health to the user or others in the vicinity. However in the event of a spill or release of any compound that the user cannot control, or has any concerns about controlling, he/she should immediately call for assistance. During regular business hours Monday through Friday from 8:00am to 5:00 pm call the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department directly at 468-4532.

Any other time call the SFASU Police at Emergencies 911 Non-emergencies 468-2608

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16.1 Chemical Spill Procedures It is the responsibility of each individual using a hazardous material to become familiar with the emergency response procedures, if any, which govern his or her facility. The Material Safety Data Sheet for the chemical is a good source for specific information. The following general rules should be followed in the event of a major (i.e. greater than 5 gallons of a typical solvent; much less for more toxic materials) hazardous materials spill or other emergency. 16.1.1 Chemical Emergency Steps

a. ACTIVATE EVACUATION (FIRE) ALARM, IF NECESSARY, FOR THE BUILDING Be familiar with the sound of the alarm system in your facility. If the incident could threaten the health of individuals in the building activate the alarm.

b. CALL FOR HELP, AND CALL THE UNIVERSITY POLICE, IF

NECESSARY, AT 911 Get as much information as you can about the chemical. If possible, locate a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Be sure the SFASU Police have been accurately informed as to the nature and location of the spill, and whether there are injuries requiring the assistance of an ambulance. University Police will contact the Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department.

c. ATTEND TO LIFE-THREATENING INJURIES

The primary concern in the event of an emergency is to protect the life and health of others.

d. PREVENT ACCESS TO THE AREA

Barricades of some sort should be set up to prevent inadvertent access to the area of the spill. This action may be necessary to prevent injury and to control the spread of contamination.

e. CONTAIN THE SPILL TO PREVENT RELEASE TO THE

ENVIRONMENT If the spill can be safely contained, prevent release to the sanitary sewer system, the storm sewer, and/or the ground. Do not jeopardize your own safety.

f. INITIATE MATERIAL SPECIFIC CLEAN-UP PROCEDURES

The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department will assist in spill clean up. However, accountability for the spill and disposal of spill residue belongs to the individual or department.

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16.1.2 Spill Prevention and Control: Standard Operating Procedure This procedure provides information for spill prevention, control and cleanup at the Stephen F. Austin State University. Definitions:

a. Hazardous Chemical - Any chemical substance that presents a health or physical hazard, and/or is listed in the following: 1. CERCLA – Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and

Liability Act. The Superfund for the cleanup of listed sites. 2. RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The Environmental

Protection Administration (EPA) hazardous waste regulations.

b. Health Hazard - Human exposure to chemicals that are suspected carcinogens, toxic agents, irritants, sensitizers, and agents that may damage human tissue.

c. Physical Hazard - Exposure to chemicals when any of the following hazards are

present: explosive, flammable, compressed gas, oxidizer, reactive, or corrosive.

d. Spill - Any unplanned release of a solid, liquid or gaseous chemical.

e. A Release to the Environment - A spill or discharge that escapes beyond the confines of the building or structure, such as when materials reach the soil, surface water, or atmosphere.

Regulations

a. All departments shall take proactive steps to ensure the prevention of hazardous chemical discharges into the environment.

b. All chemical spills released into the environment should be reported to and

evaluated by the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department who will assist with the appropriate clean up response.

c. The user department should clean up a spill that is not a release to the

environment, small enough to be safely cleaned up and that might not require specialized equipment. (i.e., spills that do not pose a hazard beyond that which the users typically deal with should be cleaned by the user group). A spill that cannot be safely cleaned up by the user department shall be reported to the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department.

* Note: If any quantity of hazardous material is spilled and makes its way to the environment (i.e. soil, water, air or storm sewer) it must be reported immediately to the

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Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department at 468-4532. The EHS&RM Department representative will contact the following agencies as necessary: For all releases call: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), Austin Environmental Release Hotline 1 (800) 832-8224 (512) 239-2507 (512) 463-7727 Questions 1(888) 777-3186 Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Region 10, Nacogdoches County 3870 Eastex Fwy Beaumont, TX 77703-1892 (409) 898-3838 Fax (409) 892-2119 City of Nacogdoches Emergency Numbers Hazardous Material Incident 559-2541 Emergency Management Office 559-2541 after hours 559-2607 Fire Department 559-2541 Water Utilities 559-5046 Health Department 559-2556 Public Works 559-2583 Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (CHEMTREC) 1 (800) 424-9300 * If there is a mercury spill of any type, it must be reported to the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department immediately. A special procedure must be used to clean up this type of spill. * Many acid/base spills require special clean up and neutralization procedures depending on what type of acid or base was spilled. This type of spill must also be reported immediately to the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department at 468-4532.

d. Each department should ensure that adequate proactive spill prevention and control procedures are in place. Materials to contain and absorb potential spills shall be provided where liquid chemicals are used or handled. The user will develop a cleanup procedure for spills not released into the environment.

e. No employee will be assigned to work in an area where hazardous chemicals are

stored and/or used until proper safety protective equipment is provided and the employee has been adequately trained.

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f. New construction and facility modification plans shall include proactive spill

prevention and control provisions. The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department shall approve all plans that involve tanks or other bulk liquid storage or usage facilities. 1. Storage tanks shall meet all facility and operational requirements established

by Stephen F. Austin State University. 2. Spill containment for tanks and piping shall meet the requirements of SFASU.

Preventive measures will be determined after a review of the chemical's characteristics and risk to employees, the community, and the environment.

16.1.3 Spill Prevention, Control, and Counter Measures

1. Departments should store all chemicals in a manner that will ensure that a chemical spill does not occur through negligence or ignorance. All flammables should be stored inside a flammables cabinet. All acids and bases should be separated into their respective cabinets also. Reactive chemicals should be separated into hazard class according to their specific hazards. For example: store all pyrophorics together, all water reactives together etc.

2. Each area where hazardous chemicals are stored should have adequate lighting at all times.

3. All employees who handle or transfer hazardous chemicals in any manner should be trained in the proper handling and protection procedures for those specific chemicals.

4. Each department should create a spill kit. This kit should contain chemical absorbing wipes, acid and base neutralizers, mercury absorbent and mercury indicator, pH paper. It should also contain personal protective gear such as neoprene gloves, apron and face shield.

5. After a spill is reported to Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department, a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) will be located on that specific chemical so the hazards associated with it can be evaluated. The spill cleanup measures will then be initiated from the MSDS spill and leak procedures section. If the chemical spilled is of an extremely hazardous nature, the Nacogdoches Fire Department will be called to assist with the situation.

6. The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department will establish a safe perimeter around a spill and control access.

7. Contain spills to limit contamination of surrounding areas. 8. Clean up spill when appropriate and decontaminate area. Provide disposal in

accordance with EPA procedures and statutes. 9. The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department will report

any impact that a building or facility will have on continued operations at Stephen F. Austin State University.

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16.1.4 Spill Kit-General Spill Control Techniques

16.1.4.1 Chemical Spill Response Kit Expectations 1. Departments are responsible for creating and purchasing their own spill kits. 2. Personnel are expected to handle single chemical spills of up to 5 gallons. 3. Kits are small personal kits for first responders. 4. Personnel will handle chemical spills with two chemicals only after consultation

with a chemist or the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department.

5. The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department or Nacogdoches Fire Department will handle all chemical spills with three or more chemicals involved.

6. If you do not understand how to use the kit or feel you need help, please contact the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department at 468-4532.

16.1.4.2 Recommended Chemical Spill Kit Contents Sheet

ITEM QUANTITY

5 Gallon Poly Pal 1 Sock/Boom, 3" x 4 ' 2 Spill Pillows, 2 liter 2 Disposal Bag 2

4H Gloves, Size 11 2 pair Nitrile Gloves 2 pair Tyvek QC Coveralls, XL 2 1 Quart Scoop 1 Scraper 1 4 lb. Citric Acid (for basic spills) 1 4 lb. Sodium Sesquicarbonate (for acidic spills) 1 5 lb. Vermiculite 1 Wipes 4 Litmus paper 1 Biohazard Bag 1 Biohazard Mask 2 Biohazard Gloves 4 pair Biohazard Wipes 2 Hazardous Waste Label 2 Ziploc Bag 4

Safety Glasses 2

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16.1.4.3 Helpful Hints When Using the Contents of a Chemical Spill Kit

• Get help and bring your chemical spill kit to the site. This is a two-person operation.

• The responsibility of the second person is to stay clean and to hand the materials in when necessary. This person is also to watch the area.

• Ask someone other than your chemical spill partner to call the Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department if you do not feel comfortable or feel you cannot handle the spill alone.

• Put on Nitrile or 4-H gloves. • Put on safety goggles. • You may need to wear a respirator with special filters depending on what has

been spilled. Read the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) for the chemical spilled to see if this is necessary. A respirator is not supplied with the spill kit. A chemical resistant suit is for your protection when cleaning up a chemical spill.

16.1.4.4 Recommended Chemical Spill Kit Contents Sheet w/ Mercury Spill

ITEM QUANTITY 5 Gallon Poly Pal 1 Sock/Boom, 3" x 4 ' 2

Spill Pillows, 2 liter 2 Disposal Bag 2

4H Gloves, Size 11 2 pair Nitrile Gloves 2 pair Tyvek QC Coveralls, XL 2

1 Quart Scoop 1 Scraper 1 4 lb. Citric Acid (for basic spills) 1 4 lb. Sodium Sesquicarbonate (for acidic spills) 1 5 lb. Vermiculite 1 Wipes 4 Litmus paper 1 Biohazard Bag 1 Biohazard Mask 2 Biohazard Gloves 4 pair Biohazard Wipes 2 Hazardous Waste Label 2 Ziploc Bag 4 Mercury Shaker 1 Mercury Sponge 1 Small Jar 1

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16.1.4.5 Helpful Hints When Using the Contents of a Mercury Spill Kit

• Inside the spill kit there should be a box marked Hg Absorb Sponges. These sponges are for small mercury spills only.

• Use the Hg Absorb Sponges to remove small droplets of mercury from surface areas.

• Activate sponges before use by moistening with a small amount of water. • Place the sponge, rough side up, on a level surface. The rough side of the

sponge contains the active material which will amalgamate mercury forming a silvery surface.

• Caution: Excessive water may reduce the ability of the sponge to pick-up mercury.

• Spread the water evenly with a gloved finger. After 1 minute the sponge is ready to use. Slowly move the sponge, activated side down, over the surface to be cleaned. The capacity of the sponge can be increased with a small amount of moistened Hg Absorb powder rubbed into the surface of the activated sponge.

• After finishing with the Hg Absorb Sponge, it should be stored in a plastic bag and disposed of properly.

16.1.5 Types of Spill Responses Flammable liquids / organic solvents There are many different organic solvents, most of which are flammable to some extent, used throughout the campus. If the spill is a flammable liquid or organic solvent: • Use material in the spill kit marked Vermiculite. (Brown absorbent) • Dike the spill and pour contents of the bag on the chemical spill. • Completely cover the chemical, and allow the vermiculite to soak up the chemical

completely. If flammable, protect spill from spark and other sources of ignition. Vermiculite can be used to contain (dike) a chemical spill and used to soak up flammable liquids. Acid / Base Spills Typically, acid and caustic spills can be neutralized. Simple neutralization will reduce a large portion of the hazardous materials incident into a nonhazardous state. This is the simple element of neutralization. There may be a significant amount of heat generated and gases released (e.g. carbon dioxide). The ideal process is to accomplish this in a relatively controlled and anticipated environment. The adaptable concept described below is for a small to medium size spill of one to five gallons. The format may be

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enlarged to embrace larger spills by adding additional supplies, equipment and personnel. Your unique situation may demand that you pre-plan how your department will react to small chemical spills. We recommend that you try to keep the plan and process as simple as you can. However, please note strong bases (e.g., sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide) should not be used in the neutralization process of strong acid. Likewise, strong acids (e.g, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid) should not be used in the neutralization process of strong bases. The first step is to determine the pH of the spilled substance. This can be done by using the pH paper in the chemical spill kit. Using the pH paper • Tear off a strip (3 to 4 inches long) • Dip the pH paper into the liquid that has spilled • Check the color chart that is located on the pH paper tape dispenser If pH paper is RED • Use material in the bag marked Sodium Sesquicarbonate. • Dike the spill and pour contents of the bag on the spill. • Cover the chemical completely. • Leave the immediate area and wait 10-15 minutes to allow complete neutralization. • Recheck the pH to see if neutralization has been reached. If not, repeat steps 1-4 until

neutralization is complete. You want a pH between 6-9. If pH paper is BLUE • Use material in the bag marked Citric acid. • Dike the spill and pour contents of the bag on the spill. • Cover the chemical completely. • Leave the immediate area and wait 10-15 minutes to allow complete neutralization.

• Recheck the pH to see if neutralization has been reached. If not, repeat steps 1-4 until neutralization is complete. You want a pH between 6-8.

During chemical neutralization, heat and fumes may be given off. Once the chemical has started to react leave the immediate area for 15 minutes before returning.

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Common Neutralization Reactions Acidic Solutions • Add (sodium sesquicarbonate) to solutions whose pH is between 0-6. • Hydrochloric acid + sodium sesquicarbonate = heat + carbon dioxide + salt + water Caustic or Alkaline Solutions • Add (citric acid) to solutions whose pH is between 8-14. • Sodium hydroxide + citric acid = heat + salt + water 16.1.6 Disposal All Spilled Chemicals Use the following instructions to clean up and dispose of any type of spilled chemicals. • Scoop the material up into a big zip-lock bag or container. • Dispose of all used gloves, chemical resistant suits, and other contaminated materials

into bag also. • Put red and white Hazardous Waste Label with contents and date on the disposal bag. • It is the responsibility of the department to properly dispose of the waste generated

due to the chemical spill. • If possible, have area mopped after clean up. • Fill out Chemical Incident Form located on the next page and attach this form to the

container of spilled material and mail a copy to the Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department (Box 6113).

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CHEMICAL SPILL INCIDENT SHEET

Stephen F. Austin State University TIME: _____________ NOTIFIED BY______________________________________ DATE: _________ PHONE: _________ DEPARTMENT: _______________________ EXACT LOCATION OF INCIDENT: _______________________________________ (Be specific) TYPE OF CHEMICAL: Hg ___________ Acid___________ Alkaline______________ FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS __________ BIOHAZARD _________ OTHER__________ SIZE: QT ________ 5 GAL ________ 55 GAL __________ OTHER ______________ LIST SUPPLIES USED FOR CLEAN-UP: ____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ SPECIAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED ____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ SIGNATURE_________________________________________________________ ---------------------------- Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department Use Only----------------------------------------- TCEQ WASTE CODE ________________DISPOSED OF _____________________ EPA WASTE CODES __________________MANIFEST #_______________________

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16.2 Biological Spill Procedures The following procedures are provided as a guideline to bio-hazardous spill cleanup. In each of the following cases, depending on the size of the spill, notify everyone in the lab, and call the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department (468-4532). If a spill contains BSL-2 or greater containment material, or if the spill is considered too large or too dangerous for laboratory personnel to safely clean up, secure the area--including the whole lab--and call the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department immediately for assistance. Spills inside a Bio-safety Cabinet (BSC) • Wait at least five minutes to allow the BSC to contain aerosols. • Wear lab coat, safety glasses and gloves during cleanup. • Allow cabinet to run during cleanup. • Apply disinfectant and allow a minimum of 20 minutes contact time. • Wipe up spillage with disposable disinfectant-soaked paper towel. • Wipe the walls, work surface and any equipment in the cabinet with a disinfectant-

soaked paper towel. • Discard contaminated disposable materials using appropriate bio-hazardous waste

disposal procedures (e.g., autoclave or bag for disposal). • Place contaminated reusable items in biohazard bags for proper disposal. • Expose non-autoclavable materials to disinfectant (20 minute contact time) before

removal from the BSC. • Remove protective clothing used during cleanup and place in a biohazard bag for

autoclaving. • Run cabinet 10 minutes after cleanup before resuming work or turning cabinet off. Spills outside a BSC • Call the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department if the

material is BSL-2 or greater containment. • Clear area of all personnel. Wait at least 15 minutes for aerosol to settle before

entering spill area. • Remove any contaminated clothing and place in biohazard bag to be disposed of

properly. • Put on a disposable gown, safety glasses and gloves. • Initiate cleanup with disinfectant as follows:

1. Place dry paper towels on spill (to absorb liquids); then layer a second set of disinfectant soaked paper towels over the spill.

2. Encircle the spill with additional disinfectant being careful to minimize aerosolization while assuring adequate contact.

3. Decontaminate all items within the spill area. 4. Allow 20 minutes contact time to ensure germicidal action of disinfectant. 5. Wipe equipment with appropriate disinfectant. 6. Discard contaminated disposable materials using appropriate bio-hazardous waste

disposal procedures (e.g., autoclave or private contractor). 7. Disinfect reusable items.

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Spill inside a Centrifuge • Clear area of all personnel. • Wait 30 minutes for aerosol to settle before attempting to clean up spill. • Wear a lab coat, safety glasses and gloves during cleanup. • Remove rotors and buckets to nearest biological safety cabinet for cleanup. • Thoroughly disinfect inside of centrifuge. • Discard contaminated disposable materials using appropriate bio-hazardous waste

disposal procedures. Spills outside the Lab, In Transit • Transport labeled bio-hazardous material in an unbreakable, well-sealed primary

container placed inside of a second unbreakable, lidded container (cooler, plastic pan or pail) labeled with the biohazard symbol.

• Should a spill occur in a public area, do not attempt to clean it up without appropriate personal protective equipment.

• Secure the area, keeping all people well clear of the spill. • Call the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department at 468-

4532 to assist in cleanup. • Standby during spill response and cleanup activity and provide assistance only as

requested or as necessary. See the Disposal of Biohazardous Wastes section for proper disposal of spill cleanup material. All spills should be reported to the Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department. A Biological Incident Form located on the next page should be filled out and attached to the container of spilled material and a copy should be mailed to the Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department (Box 6113).

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BIOLOGICAL SPILL INCIDENT SHEET

Stephen F. Austin State University TIME: _____________ NOTIFIED BY______________________________________ DATE: _________ PHONE: _________ DEPARTMENT: _______________________ EXACT LOCATION OF INCIDENT: _______________________________________ (be specific) TYPE OF BIOHAZARD _________ AMOUNT _________ LIST SUPPLIES USED FOR CLEAN-UP: ____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ SPECIAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED ____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ SIGNATURE_________________________________________________________

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16.3 Radiation Spill, Accident, Decontamination and Emergency Procedures 16.3.1 Spill

• Notify all personnel in the room of the spill. • If personnel are contaminated, immediately proceed with personnel

decontamination using proper techniques. • Confine the spill as soon as possible. • Notify the Radiation Safety Officer and the Environmental Health, Safety, and

Risk Management Department at 468-4532 immediately of significant personnel contamination or large spills.

• Decontaminate the area using personnel protective equipment and proper techniques.

• Perform surveys and wipe tests to verify that the area has been adequately decontaminated.

• Dispose of all radioactive waste properly. 16.3.2 Accident Accident involving radioactive dust, mist, fume, organic vapor, or gas

• Notify all personnel to vacate the room immediately. • Hold breath and vacate the room. • Notify the Radiation Safety Officer and the Environmental Health, Safety and

Risk Management Department at once (468-4532). • Keep all access doors locked. • Do not re-enter the room until approval of the Radiation Safety Officer is

obtained. Accident involving Personnel Injury

• Call the SFASU Police at extension 911 if a physician is needed or for a life threatening situation.

• Proceed with personnel decontamination if possible. • All radiation accidents (wound, overexposure, ingestion, inhalation) must be

reported to the Radiation Safety Officer and the Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department at 468-4532 as soon as possible.

• No one involved in a radiation injury will be permitted to return to work without the approval of the Radiation Safety Officer.

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16.3.3 Decontamination Area

• Attend to the spill as soon as possible. • All persons not involved and not contaminated should leave the area. • Put on lab coat, protective eye ware, gloves and shoe covers if available before

entering the room or area. • Prevent liquids from spreading by placing any absorbing material over it. • Monitor the spill, equipment, and people involved to determine the radiation

exposure levels. • Wash the area with a minimum of soapy water or a standard radioactive

decontaminating agent. Using paper towels, start at the furthest end or the place of least contamination and move inwards toward the highest point of contamination. Dispose of all radioactive waste properly.

• Using a filter paper or cotton swab, wipe the area. Count the wipe using a scintillation or gamma counter. If the count is greater than 200 dpm, repeat area decontamination until the count is below this level of contamination.

• Once the affected area has been blotted dry, scrub the contaminated area with soap and water. Continue this process until the contamination is less than 1,000 dpm/100 cm2 of the removable contamination. If the contaminated area cannot be reduced to these levels, the area should be covered with an impervious material (e.g. diaper paper) to prevent further contamination. If the spill produces radiation fields exceeding 2 mrem hr-1 at one foot from the source, appropriate shielding material should be placed on the area. If shielding is not feasible, access to the spill zone should be restricted. All areas of non-removable contamination should be labeled with cautionary information, and personnel in the area should be notified. The Radiation Safety Officer is available to supervise personnel concerning decontamination of surfaces, appropriate shielding, and restriction of access.

Personnel

• For contamination of the skin, use light pressure with heavy lather. Wash for 2 minutes, 3 times. Rinse and monitor. Use care not to scratch or erode the skin. (Do not scrub contaminated skin). Use warm not hot water, and avoid reddening the skin.

• Contaminated clothing, including shoes, should be removed before the individual leaves the area. This clothing shall be labeled and held for storage until decayed, decontaminated, or properly disposed. Thorough washing, preferably showers, should be accomplished immediately where major personnel contamination has occurred.

• Cover with sterile dressing and seek medical attention at once. • Monitor personnel after washing. Repeat if necessary. • Minor cuts should be encouraged to bleed, thereby reducing absorption. • Treatment of major cuts should be considered before decontamination.

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16.3.4 Emergency Radiation emergencies are incidents which involve actual or suspected exposure to uncontrolled sources of radioactivity that cause or threaten to cause an external dose in excess of twenty-five (25) rem to the whole body, or gross radioactive personnel contamination resulting in ingestion, inhalation, injection, or skin absorption of radioactive material leading to comparable risk.

Emergencies will be dealt with according to their nature that may include fire, spill, accident, injury, or a combination. The following is the basics for the handling of all emergencies: • Life-saving or first aid measures take precedence over radiation hazards and

decontamination efforts. • Notify all personnel in the area. • Contain or secure the radioactive material if possible. • Take care of injuries and remove injured personnel from the area when possible. • Notify the Radiation Safety Officer and the Environmental Health, Safety, and

Risk Management Department at 468-4532 as soon as possible. • Permission from the Radiation Safety Officer must be obtained to continue or

return. • Apply decontamination procedures when possible. • The Radiation Safety Officer will notify the appropriate agencies of any incidents

required to be reported.

See the Disposal of Radioactive Wastes section for proper disposal of spill cleanup material. All spills should be reported the Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department. A Radiation Incident Form located on the next page should be filled out and attached to the container of spilled material and a copy should be mailed to the Environmental Health, Safety and Risk Management Department (Box 6113).

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RADIATION SPILL INCIDENT SHEET

Stephen F. Austin State University TIME: _____________ NOTIFIED BY______________________________________ DATE: _________ PHONE: _________ DEPARTMENT: _______________________ EXACT LOCATION OF INCIDENT: _______________________________________ (be specific) TYPE OF RADIATION _________ AMOUNT _________ LIST SUPPLIES USED FOR CLEAN-UP: ____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ SPECIAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED ____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ SIGNATURE_________________________________________________________

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16.4 Decontamination: Standard Operating Procedure This procedure should be followed in the event of an emergency where a victim or equipment should need to be decontaminated due to a chemical, biological, or radioactive release or spill. When planning to decontaminate in a medical emergency, procedures should be followed to ensure: • Decontamination of the victim. • Protection of medical personnel. • Disposing of contaminated protective equipment and wash solutions. The decision whether or not to decontaminate a victim is based on the type and severity of the illness or injury and the nature of the contaminant. For some emergency victims, immediate decontamination may be an essential part of life-saving first aid. For others, decontamination may aggravate the injury or delay life-saving treatment. If decontamination does not interfere with essential treatment, it should be performed. • If decontamination can be done:

Wash, rinse and/or cut off protective clothing and equipment. • If decontamination cannot be done:

Wrap the victim in blankets, plastic, or rubber to reduce contamination of other personnel.

Alert emergency and offsite medical personnel to potential contamination; instruct them about specific decontamination procedures if necessary. • Send along site personnel familiar with the incident. 16.5 Equipment In an emergency, equipment will be necessary to rescue and treat victims, to protect response personnel, and to mitigate hazardous conditions on site (e.g., to contain hazardous materials or fight fires). Some regular equipment can double for emergency use. Provide safe and unobstructed access for all firefighting and emergency equipment at all times. Consider adopting the following work procedures. For personnel protective equipment: • Basic equipment that should be available at any site can be found in Table A on the

next page. Special equipment should be obtained depending on the specific types of emergencies that may occur at a particular site and the capabilities of backup offsite personnel. When determining the type and quantity of special equipment, the following factors should be considered:

• The types of emergencies that may arise. For each emergency, consider a probable and a worst-case scenario.

• The types of hazards that site personnel may be exposed to and the appropriate containment, mitigative, and protective measures.

• The capabilities and estimated response times of offsite emergency personnel.

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• The numbers of site personnel who could be victims during an emergency. • The probable number of personnel available for response. Table A Onsite Equipment and Supplies for Emergency Response Personal Protection Medical Hazard Mitigation • Blankets • Antiseptics • Spill-containment equipment such as absorbents and oil • Personal protective equipment and clothing specialized for known site hazards. • Emergency Eye Wash • Containers to hold contaminated materials and clothing. • Half face respirators and cartridges • Emergency Safety Showers • Acid and Base Neutralizers • Ice • Other clean up gear such as chemical resistant shovels • Reference books containing scoops etc. basic first-aid procedures and information on

treatment of specific chemical injuries. • Stretcher • Water in portable containers • Persons trained in CPR 16.6 Medical Treatment/First Aid In emergencies, toxic exposures and hazardous situations that cause injuries and illness will vary from site to site. Medical treatment may range from bandaging of minor cuts and abrasions to life - saving techniques. In many cases, essential medical help may not be immediately available. For this reason, it is vital to train onsite emergency personnel in on-the-spot treatment techniques, to establish and maintain telephone contact with medical experts (e.g., toxicologists), and to establish liaisons with local hospitals and ambulance services. When designing this program, these essential points should be included: • Train personnel in emergency treatment such as first aid and CPR. Training should be

thorough, frequently repeated, and geared to site-specific hazards. • Establish liaison with local medical personnel, for example: 24-hour-on-call

physician, medical service, and poison control center. Inform and educate these personnel about site-specific hazards so that they can be optimally helpful if an emergency occurs. Develop procedures for contacting them; familiarize all on-site emergency personnel with these procedures.

• Set up onsite emergency first-aid stations; see that they are well supplied and restocked immediately after each emergency.

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16.7 Emergency Response Procedures Response operations usually follow a sequence that starts with the notification of trouble and continue through the preparation of equipment and personnel for the next emergency. Notification Alert personnel to the emergency. Sound a site alarm to:

• Notify personnel. • Stop work activities if necessary. • Lower background noise in order to speed communication. • Begin emergency procedures. • Notify on-site emergency response personnel about the emergency and include

essential information.

* What happened? * Where it happened? * Whom it happened to? * When it happened? * How it happened? * The extent of damage. * What aid is needed?

Size – Up Available information about the incident and emergency response capabilities should be evaluated. The following information should be determined, to the extent possible:

• What happened? • Type of incident. • Cause of incident. • Extent of chemical release and transport. • Extent of damage to structures, equipment, and terrain.

Casualties: 1. Victims (number, location, and condition). 2. Treatment required. 3. Missing personnel. What could happen? Consider: 1. Type of chemicals on site. 2. Potential for fire, explosion, and release of hazardous substances. 3. Location of all personnel on site relative to hazardous areas. 4. Potential for danger to offsite population or environment.

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What can be done? Consider: 1. Equipment and personnel resources needed for victim rescue and hazard mitigation. 2. Number of uninjured personnel available for response. 3. Resources available on site. 4. Resources available from outside groups and agencies. 5. Time for outside resources to reach the site. 6. Hazards involved in rescue and response. Rescue/Response Procedures Based on the available information, the type of action required should be decided and the necessary steps implemented. Some actions may be done concurrently. No one should attempt emergency response or rescue until backup personnel and evacuation routes have been identified. Rescue/response actions may include. Enforce the buddy system: Allow no one to enter an Exclusion Zone or hazardous area without a partner. At all times, personnel in the Exclusion Zone should be in line-of-site or communication contact with the Command Post Supervisor or designee. Survey casualties: Locate all victims and assess their condition. Determine resources needed for stabilization and transport. Assess existing and potential hazards to site personnel and to the offsite population. Determine: 1. Whether and how to respond. 2. The need for evacuation of site personnel and offsite population. 3. Resources needed for evacuation and response. Allocate resources: Allocate onsite personnel and equipment to rescue and incident response operations. Request aid: Contact the required offsite personnel or facilities, such as the ambulance, fire department, and police. Control: Bring the hazardous situation under complete temporary control; use measures to prevent the spread of the emergency. Extricate: Remove or assist victims from the area. Decontaminate. Use established procedures to decontaminate uninjured personnel in the Contamination Reduction Zone. If the emergency makes this area unsafe, establish a new decontamination area at an appropriate distance. Decontaminate victims before or after stabilization as their medical condition indicates.

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Stabilize. Administer any medical procedures that are necessary before the victims can be moved. Stabilize or permanently fix the hazardous condition (e.g., repack, empty filled runoff dikes). Attend to what caused the emergency and anything (e.g., drums, tanks) damaged or endangered by the emergency. Transport: Take measures to minimize chemical contamination of the transport vehicle and ambulance and hospital personnel. Adequately protected rescuers should decontaminate the victims before transport. If this is not possible, cover the victims with adequate sheeting. Before transportation, determine the level of protection necessary for transport personnel. Provide them with disposable coveralls, disposable gloves, and supplied air, as necessary, for their protection. If appropriate, have response personnel accompany victims to the medical facility to advise on decontamination. Evacuate: Move site personnel to a safe distance upwind of the incident. Monitor the incident for significant changes. The hazards may diminish, permitting personnel to reenter the site, or increase and require public evacuation. Inform public safety personnel when there is a potential or actual need to evacuate the offsite personnel. Do not attempt a large-scale public evacuation. This is the responsibility of government authorities. Follow – Up Before normal site activities are resumed, personnel must be fully prepared and equipped to handle another emergency.

• Notify appropriate government agencies as required. For example, OSHA must be notified if there have been any fatalities or five or more hospitalizations in an industrial situation.

• Restock all equipment and supplies. Replace or repair damaged equipment. Clean

and refuel equipment for future use.

• Review and revise all aspects of the Contingency Plan according to new site conditions and lessons learned from the emergency response. When reviewing the information, consider typical questions such as:

Cause: What caused the emergency? Prevention: Was it preventable? If so, how? Procedures: Were inadequate or incorrect orders given or actions taken? Were these the result of bad judgment, wrong or insufficient information, or poor procedures? Can procedures or training be improved? Site profile: How does the incident affect the site profile? How are other site cleanup activities affected? Community: How is the community safety affected? Liability: Who is liable for damage payments?

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16.8 Documentation The Environmental Health, Safety, and Risk Management Department should initiate the investigation and documentation of the incident. This is important in all cases, but especially so when the incident has resulted in personal injury, onsite property damage, or damage to the surrounding environment. Documentation may be used to help avert recurrences, as evidence in future legal action, for assessment of liability by insurance companies, and for review by government agencies. Methods of documenting can include a written transcript taken from tape recordings made during the emergency or a bound field book (not a loose-leaf notebook) with notes. The document must be:

• Accurate: All information must be recorded objectively.

• Authentic: A chain-of-custody procedure should be used. Each person making an entry must date and sign the document. Keep the number of documentaries to a minimum (to avoid confusion and because they may have to give testimony at hearings or in court). Nothing should be erased. If details change or revisions are needed, the person making the notation should mark a horizontal line through the old material and initial the change.

• Complete: At a minimum, the following should be included:

Chronological history of the incident.

• Facts about the incident and when they became available.

• Title and names of personnel; composition of teams.

• Actions: Decisions made and by whom, orders given; to whom, by whom, and when; and actions taken: who did what, when, where and how.

• Types of samples and test results; air monitoring results.

• Possible exposures of site personnel.

• History of all injuries or illnesses during or as a result of the emergen

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EMPLOYEE TRAINING ROSTER Hazardous Waste Training

Stephen F. Austin State University Department/Work Area: ____________________________________________________ Instructor: ____________________________________ Date: _____________________ Employee Name (Print) Employee Signature Job Title

1)

2)

3)

4)

5) 6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

All Hazardous Waste Training shall be documented on the Hazardous Waste Training Roster, which shall be forwarded to the Environmental Health Safety and Risk Management Department (Box 6113) after every training session.

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APPENDIX I

Environmental Protection Agency’s P List (Acutely Hazardous Chemicals)

CAS Number Chemical Name 107-20-0 Acetaldehyde, chloro- 591-08-2 Acetamide, N-(aminothioxomethyl)- 640-19-7 Acetamide, 2-fluoro- 62-74-8 Acetic acid, fluoro-, sodium salt 591-08-2 1-Acetyl-2-thiourea 107-02-8 Acrolein 116-06-3 Aldicarb 309-00-2 Aldrin 107-18-6 Allyl alcohol 20859-73-8 Aluminum phosphide 2763-96-4 5-(Aminomethyl)-3-isoxazolol 504-24-5 4-Aminopyridine 131-74-8 Ammonium picrate 7803-55-6 Ammonium vanadate 506-61-6 Argentate (1-), bis(cyano-C)-, potassium 7778-39-4 Arsenic acid 1327-53-3 Arsenic oxide 1303-28-2 Arsenic pentoxide 1327-53-3 Arsenic trioxide 692-42-2 Arsine, diethyl- 696-28-6 Arsonous dichloride, phenyl- 151-56-4 Aziridine 75-55-8 Aziridine, 2-methyl- 542-62-1 Barium cyanide 106-47-8 Benzeneamine, 4-chloro- 100-01-6 Beneneamine, 4-nitro- 100-44-7 Benzene, (chloromethyl)- 51-43-4 1, 2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]- 12-09-8 Benzeneethanamine, alpha, alpha-dimethyl- 108-98-5 Benzenethiol 81-81-2 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-, and

salts 100-44-7 Benzyl chloride 7440-41-7 Beryllium powder 598-31-2 Bromoacetone

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357-57-3 Brucine 39196-18-4 2-Butanone, 3, 3-dimethyl-1-(methylthio)-O-

[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxime 592-01-8 Calcium cyanide 75-15-1 Carbon disulfide 75-44-5 Carbonic dichloride 107-20-0 Chloroacetaldehyde 106-47-8 p-Chloroaniline 5344-82-1 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea 542-76-7 3-Chloropropionitrile 544-92-3 Copper cyanide Cyanide salts (soluble) 460-19-5 Cyanogen 506-77-4 Cyanogen chloride 131-89-5 2-Cyclohexyl-4, 6-dinitrophenol 542-88-1 Dichloromethyl ether 696-28-6 Dichlorophenylarsine 60-57-1 Dieldrin 692-42-2 Diethylarsine 311-45-5 Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate 297-97-2 O, O-Diethyl O-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate 55-91-4 Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) 309-00-2 1, 4, 5, 8-Dimethanonaphthalene, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 10-hexa- chloro-1, 4,

4a, 5, 8, 8a, -hexahydro-, (1alpha, 4alpha, 4abeta, 5alpha, 8alpha, 8abeta)-

465-73-6 1, 4, 5, 8-Dimethanonaphtahalen, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 10, hexa- chloro-1, 4, 4a, 5, 8, 8a-hexahydro-, (1alpha, 4alpha, 4abeta, 5beta, 8beta, 8abeta)-

60-57-1 2, 7:3, 6-Dimethanonaphth[2, 3-b]oxirene, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 9-hexa- chloro- 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 6, 6a, 7, 7a-octahydro-, (1aalpha, 2beta, 2aalpha, 3beta, 6beta, 6aalpha, 7beta, 7aalpha)-

72-20-8 2, 7:3, 6-Dimethanonaphth[2, 3-b]oxirene, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 9-hexachloro- 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 6, 6a, 7, 7a-octahydro-, (1aalpha, 2beta, 2abeta, 3alpha, 6alpha, 6abeta, 7beta, 7aalpha)- and metabolites

60-51-5 Dimethoate 122-09-8 alpha, alpha-Dimethylphenethylamine 534-52-1 4, 6-Dinitro-o-cresol, and salts 51-28-5 2, 4-Dinitrophenol 88-85-7 Dinoseb 152-16-9 Diphosphoramide, octamethyl- 107-49-3 Diphosphoric acid, tetratethyl ester

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298-04-4 Disulfoton 541-53-7 Dithiobiuret 115-29-7 Endosulfan 145-73-3 Endothall 72-20-8 Endrin and metabolites 51-43-4 Epinephrine 460-19-5 Ethanedinitrile 16752-77-5 Ethanimidothioic acid, N[[(methylamino)carbonyl] oxy]-, methyl

ester 107-12-0 Ethyl cyanide 151-56-4 Ethyleneimine 52-85-7 Famphur 7782-41-4 Fluorine 640-19-7 Fluoroacetamide 62-74-8 Fluoroacetic acid, sodium salt 628-86-4 Fulminic acid, mercury(2+) salt 76-44-8 Heptachlor 757-58-4 Hexaethyl tetraphosphate 79-19-6 Hydrazinecarbothioamide 60-34-4 Hydrazine, methyl- 74-90-8 Hydrocyanic acid 74-90-8 Hydrogen cyanide 7803-51-2 Hydrogen phosphide 465-73-6 Isodrin 2763-96-4 3(2H)-Isoxazolone, 5-(aminomethyl)- 62-38-4 Mercury, (aceto-O)phenyl- 628-86-4 Mercury fulminate 62-75-9 Methanamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso- 624-83-9 Methane, isocyanato- 542-88-1 Methane, oxybis(chloro- 509-14-8 Methane, tetranitro- 75-70-7 Methanethiol, trichloro- 115-29-7 6, 9-Methano-2, 4, 3-benzodioxathiepin, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10-hexacloro-

1, 5, 5a, 6, 9, 9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide 76-44-8 4, 7-Methano-1H-indene, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8-heptachloro-3a, 4, 7, 7a-

tetrahydro- 16752-77-5 Methomyl 60-34-4 Methyl hydrazine 624-83-9 Methyl isocyanate 75-86-5 2-Methyllactonitrile

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298-00-0 Methyl parathion 86-88-4 alpha-Naphthylthiourea 13463-39-3 Nickel carbonyl 557-19-7 Nickel cyanide 54-11-5 Nicotine and salts 10102-43-9 Nitric oxide 100-01-6 p-Nitroaniline 10102-44-0 Nitrogen dioxide 10102-43-9 Nitrogen oxide 55-63-0 Nitroglycerine 62-75-9 N-Nitrosodimethylamine 4549-40-0 N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine 152-16-9 Octamethylpyrophosphoramide 20816-12-0 Osmium oxide 20816-12-0 Osmium tetroxide 145-73-3 7-Oxabicyclo(2, 2, 1)heptane-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid 56-38-2 Parathion 131-89-5 Phenol, 2-cyclohexyl-4, 6-dinitro- 51-28-5 Phenol, 2, 4-dinitro- 534-52-1 Phenol, 2-methyl-4, 6-dintro-, and salts 88-85-7 Phenol, 2-(1-methylpropyl)-4, 6-dinitro- 131-74-8 Phenol, 2, 4, 6-trinitro-, ammonium salt 62-38-4 Phenylmercury acetate 103-85-5 Phenylthiourea 298-02-2 Phorate 75-44-5 Phosgene 7803-51-2 Phosphine 311-45-5 Phosphoric acid, diethyl 4-nitrophenyl ester 298-04-4 Phosphorodithioic acid, O, O-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl] ester 298-02-2 Phosphorodithioic acid, O, O-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)methyl] ester 60-51-5 Phosphorodithioic acid, O, O-dimethyl S-[2-(methylamino)-2-

oxoethyl]ester 55-91-4 Phosphorofluoridic acid, bis(1-methylethyl) ester 56-38-2 Phosphorothioic acid, O, O-diethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester 297-97-2 Phosphorothioic acid, O, O-diethyl O-pyrazinyl ester 52-85-7 Phosphorothioic acid, O-[4-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]phenyl] O, O-

dimethyl ester 298-00-0 Phosphorothioic acid, O, O, -dimethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester 78-00-2 Plumbane, tetraethyl- 151-50-8 Potassium cyanide

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506-61-6 Potassium silver cyanide 116-06-3 Propanal, 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)-O-[(methylamino)carbonyl]

oxime 107-12-0 Propanenitrile 542-76-7 Propanenitrile, 3-chloro 75-86-5 Propanenitrile, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl 55-63-0 1, 2, 3-Propanetriol, trinitrate 598-31-2 2, Propanone, 1-bromo 107-19-7 Propargyl alcohol 107-02-8 2-Propenal 107-18-6 2-Propen-1-ol 75-55-8 1, 2-Propylenimine 107-19-7 2-Propyn-1-ol 504-24-5 4-Pyridinamine 54-11-5 Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)- and salts 12039-52-0 Selenious acid, dithallium (1+) salt 630-10-4 Selenourea 506-64-9 Silver cyanide 26628-22-8 Sodium azide 143-33-9 Sodium cyanide 57-24-9 Strychnidin-10-one, and salts 357-57-3 Strychnidin-10-one, 2, 3-dimethoxy- 57-24-9 Strychnine, and salts 7446-18-6 Sulfuric acid, dithallium (1+) salt 3689-24-5 Tetraethyldithiopyrophosphate 78-00-2 Tetraethyl lead 107-49-3 Tetraethyl pyrophosphate 509-14-8 Tetranitromethane 757-58-4 Tetraphosphoric acid, hexaethyl ester 1314-32-5 Thallic oxide 12039-52-0 Thallium(I) selenite 7446-18-6 Thallium(I) sulfate 3689-24-5 Thiodiphosphoric acid, tetraethyl ester 39196-18-4 Thiofanox 541-53-7 Thioimidodicarbonic diamide 108-98-5 Thiophenol 79-19-6 Thiosemicarbazide 5344-82-1 Thiourea, (2-chlorphenyl)- 86-88-4 Thiourea, 1-naphthalenyl- 103-85-5 Thiourea, phenyl-

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8001-35-2 Toxaphene 75-70-7 Trichloromethanethiol 7803-55-6 Vanadic acid, ammonium salt 1314-62-1 Vandium oxide 1314-62-1 Vanadium pentoxide 4549-40-0 Vinylamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso- 81-81-2 Warfarin, and salts, greater than 0.3% 557-21-1 Zinc cyanide 1314-84-7 Zinc phosphide

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APPENDIX II

Environmental Protection Agency’s U List The primary hazardous properties of these materials have been indicated by the letter T (Toxicity), R (Reactivity), I (Ignitability) and C (Corrosivity). Absence of the letter indicates that the compound is only listed for toxicity. Chemicals in bold are commonly found in laboratories.

CAS Number Chemical Name 30558-43-1 A2213 75-07-0 Acetaldehyde (I) 75-87-6 Acetaldehyde, trichloro- 62-44-2 Acetamide, N(4-ethoxyphenyl)- 53-96-3 Acetamide, N9Hfluoren2yl- 94-75-7 Acetic acid, (2, 4dichlorophenoxy), salts and esters 141-78-6 Acetic acid, ethyl ester (1) 301-04-2 Acetic acid, lead (2) salt 563-68-8 Acetic acid, thallium (1) salt 93-76-5 Acetic acid. (2, 4, 5trichlorophenoxy) 67-64-1 Acetone (I) 75-05-8 Acetonitrile (I, T) 98-86-2 Acetophenone 53-96-3 2Acetylaminofluorene 75-36-5 Acetyl chloride (C, R, T) 79-06-1 Acrylamide 79-10-7 Acrylic acid (I) 107-13-1 Acrylonitrile 61-82-5 Amitrole 62-53-3 Aniline (I, T) 75-60-5 Arsinic acid, dimethyl- 492-80-8 Auramine 115-02-6 Azaserine 2212-67-1 HAzepine 1carbothioic acid, hexchydro, S-ethylester. 50-07-7 Azirino(2', 3':3, 4)pyrrolo[1, 2a] indole4, 7dione,

6amino8{[(aminocarbonyl)oxy]methyl}1, 1a, 2, 8, 8a, 8bhexahydro8amethoxy5methyl, [laS( laalpha, 8beta, 8aalpha, 8balpha)]-

101-27-9 Barban 22781-23-3 Bendiocarb 22961-82-6 Bendiocarb phenol 17804-35-2 Benomyl

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56-49-5 Benz(j)aceanthrylene, 1 2dihydro3methyl- 225-51-4 Benz(c)acridine 98-87-3 Benzal chloride 23950-58-5 Benzamide, 3, 5dichloro-N(l, ldimethyl2propynyl)- 56-55-3 Benz(a)anthracene 57-97-6 Benz(a)anthracene, 7, 12dimethyl- 62-53-3 Benzenamine (I, T) 492-80-8 Benzenamine, 4, 4'carbonimidoylbis(N, Ndimethyl- 3165-93-3 Benzenamine, 4chloro2methyl, hydrochloride 60-11-7 Benzenamine, NNdimethyl4(phenylazo)- 95-53-4 Benzenamine, 2methyl- 106-49-0 Benzenamine, 4methyl- 101-14-4 Benzenamine 4, 4'methylene-bis(2chloro- 636-21-5 Benzenamine 2methyl, hydrochloride 99-55-8 Benzenamine, 2methyl5nitro 71-43-2 Benzene (I, T) 510-15-6 Benzeneacetic acid, 4chloro-alpha(4chlorophenyl)-alphahydroxy,

ethyl ester 101-55-3 Benzene, 1bromo4phenoxy 305-03-3 Benzenebutanoic acid, 4(bis(2chloroethyl)amino) 108-90-7 Benzene, chloro 25376-45-8 Benzenediamine, armethyl 117-81-7 1 2Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2ethylhexyl)ester 84-74-2 1 2Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester 84-66-2 1 2, Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester 131-11-3 1, 2Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester 117-84-0 1 2Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester 95-50-1 Benzene, 12dichloro 541-73-1 Benzene, 1, 3dichloro 106-46-7 Benzene, 1, 4dichloro 72-54-8 Benzene, 1, 1'(2, 2dichloroethylidene)bis(4chloro 98-87-3 Benzene, (dichloromethyl) 26471-62-5 Benzene 1, 3diisocyanatomethyl(R, T) 1330-20-7 Benzene, dimethyl(l, T) 108-46-3 1, 3Benzenediol 118-74-1 Benzene, hexachloro- 110-82-7 Benzene, hexahydro (I) 108-88-3 Benzene, methyl- 121-14-2 Benzene, lmethyl2, 4dintro- 606-20-2 Benzene, 2methyl1, 3dinitro-

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98-82-8 Benzene, (lmethylethyl) (I) 98-95-3 Benzene, nitro- 608-93-5 Benzene, pentachloro- 82-68-8 Benzene, pentachloronitro- 98-09-9 Benzenesuffonic acid chloride (C, R) 98-09-9 Benzenesulfonyl Chloride (C, R) 95-94-3 Benzene, 1, 2, 4, 5tetrachloro- 50-29-3 Benzene, 1, 1'(2, 2, 2trichloroethylidene)bis(4-chloro- 72-43-5 Benzene, 1, 1'(2, 2, 2trichloroethylidene)bis (4methoxy- 98-07-7 Benzene, (trichloromethyl)- 99-35-4 Benzene, 1, 3, 5trinitro- (R, T) 92-87-5 Benzidine 181-07-2 1, 2Benzisothiazol3(2H)one, 1, 1dioxide and salts 94-59-7 1, 3Benzadioxole, 5(2propenyl)- 120-58-1 1, 3Benzodioxole, 5(1propenyl)- 94-58-6 1, 3Benzodioxole, 5propyl- 22781-23-3 1, 3 Benzodioxol4 ol, 2, 2dimethyl, methyl carbamate 22961-82-6 1, 3 Benzodioxol4 ol, 2, 2dimethyl, 1563-38-8 7Benzofuranol, 2, 3dihydro2, 2dimethyl 189-55-9 Benzo(rst)pentaphene 181-81-2 2H1Benzopyran2one, 4-hydroxy3(3oxo-1pheny-butyl), and salts,

when present at concentrations of 0.3% or less 50-32-8 Benzo(a)pyrene 106-51-4 pBenzoquinone 98-07-7 Benzotrichloride (C, R, T) 1464-53-5 2, 2'Bioxirane 92-87-5 (1, 1 'Biphenyl)4, 4'diamine 91-94-1 (1, 1'Biphenyl)4, 4'diamine, 3, 3'dichloro- 119-90-4 (1, 1'Biphenyl)4, 4'diamine, 3, 3'dimethoxy- 119-93-7 (1, 1'Biphenyl)4, 4'diamine, 3, 3'dimethyl 75-25-2 Bromoform 101-55-3 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether 87-68-3 1, 3Butadiene, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4hexacloro- 924-16-3 1Butanamine, Nbutyl-Nnitroso- 71-36-3 1Butanol (I) 78-93-3 2Butanone (I, T) 1338-23-4 2Butanone, peroxide (R, T) 4170-30-3 2Butenal 764-41-0 2Butene, 1, 4dichloro- (I, T) 303-34-4 2Butenoic acid, 2methyl, 7[(2,

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3dihydroxy2(1methoxyethyl)3methyl1oxobutoxy) methyl]2, 3, 5, 7atetrahydro1pyrrolizinlyl ester, (lS(lalpha(Z), 7(2S*, 3R*), 7aalpha

71-36-3 nButyl alcohol (I) 2008-41-5 Butylate 75-60-5 Cacodylic acid 13765-19-0 Calcium chromate 51-79-6 Carbamic acid, ethyl ester 615-53-2 Carbamic acid, methylnitroso, ethyl ester 10605-21-7 Carbamic acid, 1 Hbenzimidazol2yl, methyl ester 17804-35-2 Carbamic acid, (l[(butylamino)carbonyl)]Hbenzimidazol2yl), methyl

ester 55406-53-6 Carbamic acid, butyl, 3iodo2propynyl ester 101-27-9 Carbamic acid, (3chlorophenyl), 4chloro2butynyl ester 122-42-9 Carbamic acid, phenyl, 1methylethyl ester 23564-05-8 Carbamic acid, [1, 2phenylenebis (iminocarbonothioyl) bis, dimethyl

ester 79-44-7 Carbamic chloride, dimethyl- 136-30-1 Carbamodithioic acid, dibutyl, sodium salt 95-06-7 Carbamodithioic acid, diethyl, 2chloro2propenyl ester 148-18-5 Carbamodithioic acid, diethyl, sodium salt 128-03-0 Carbamodithioic acid, dimethyl, potassium salt 128-04-1 Carbamodithioic acid, dimethyl, sodium salt 144-34-3 Carbamodithioic acid, dimethyl, tetraanhydrosulfide with

orthothioselenious acid 1111-54-6 Carbamodithioic acid, 1, 2ethanediylbis, salts and esters 51026-28-9 Carbamodithioic acid, (hydroxymethyl)methyl, monopotassium salt 137-42-8 Carbamodithioic acid, methyl, monosodium salt 137-41-7 Carbamodithioic acid, methyl, monopotassium salt 2303-16-4 Carbamothioic acid, bis(lmethylethyl), S(2, 3dichloro2propenyl) ester 2303-17-5 Carbamothioic acid. bis(lmethylethyl), S(2, 3, 3trichloro2-propenyl)

ester 2008-41-5 Carbamothioic acid bis(2methylpropyl), S-ethyl ester 1114-71-2 Carbamothioic acid, butylethyl, Spropyl ester 1134-23-2 Carbamothiolc acid, cyclohexylethy, Sethyl ester 759-94-4 Carbamothioic acid, dipropyl, Sethyl ester 52888-80-9 Carbamothioic acid, dipropyl, S(phenylmethyl) ester 1929-77-7 Carbamothioic acid, dipropyl, Spropyl ester 63-25-2 Carbaryl 10605-21-7 Carbendazim 1563-38-8 Carbofuran phenol 6533-73-9 Carbonic acid, dithallium (1+) salt

80

353-50-4 Carbonic difluoride 79-22-1 Carbonochloridic acid, methyl ester (I.T) 353-50-4 Carbon oxyfluoride (R, T) 56-23-5 Carbon tetrachloride 75-87-6 Chloral 305-03-3 Chlorambucil 57-74-9 Chlordane, alpha and gamma isomers 494-03-1 Chlornaphazin 108-90-7 Chlorobenzene 510-15-6 Chlorobenzilate 59-50-7 pChloromcresol 110-75-8 2Chloroethyl vinyl ether 67-66-3 Chloroform 107-30-2 Chloromethyl methyl ether 91-58-7 betaChloronaphthalene 95-57-8 oChlorophenol 3165-93-3 4Chloroo-toluidine, hydrochloride 13765-19-0 Chromic acid H2CrO4, calcium salt 218-01-9 Chrysene 137-29-1 Copper, bis(dimethylcarbamodithioatoS, S')- 137-29-1 Copper dimethyldithiocarbamate Creosote 1319-77-3 Cresols (Cresylic acid) 4170-30-3 Crotonaldehyde 98-82-8 Cumene (I) 506-68-3 Cyanogen bromide (CN)Br 1134-23-2 Cycloate 106-51-4 2, 5Cyclohexadiene1, 4dione 110-82-7 Cyclohexane (I) 58-89-9 Cyclohexane, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6hexachloro(1alpha, 2alpha, 3beta, 4alpha,

5alpha, 6beta)- 108-94-1 Cyclohexanone (I) 77-47-4 1, 3Cyclopentadiene, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5hexachloro- 50-18-0 Cyclophosphamide 194-75-7 2, 4D, salts and esters 533-74-4 Dazomet 20830-81-3 Daunomycin 72-54-8 DDD 50-29-3 DDT 2303-16-4 Diallate

81

53-70-3 Dibenz(a.h)anthracene 189-55-9 Dibenzo(a, i)pyrene 96-12-8 1, 2Dibromo3chloropropane 84-74-2 Dibutyl phthalate 95-50-1 oDichlorobenzene 541-73-1 mDichlorobenzene 106-46-7 pDichlorobenzene 91-94-1 3, 3'Dichlorobenzidine 764-41-0 1, 4Dichloro2butene (I, T) 75-71-8 Dichlorodifluoromethane 75-35-4 1, 1Dichloroethylene 156-60-5 1, 2Dichloroethylene 111-44-1 Dichloroethyl ether 108-60-1 Dichloroisopropyl ether 111-91-1 Dichloromethoxy ethane 120-83-2 2, 4-Dichlorophenol 87-65-0 2, 6Dichlorophenol 78-87-5 1, 2Dichloropropane 542-75-6 1, 3Dichloropropene 1464-53-5 1, 2:3, 4Diepoxybutane (I, T) 123-91-1 1, 4Diethyleneoxide 5952-26-1 Diethylene glycol, dicarbamate 117-81-7 Diethylhexyl phthalate 1615-80-1 N, N'Diethylhydrazine 3288-58-2 O, ODiethyl Smethyl dithiophosphate 84-66-2 Diethyl phthalate 56-53-1 Diethylstilbesterol 94-58-6 Dihydrosafrole 119-90-4 3, 3'Dimethoxybenzidine 124-40-3 Dimethylamine (I) 60-11-7 pDimethylaminoazobenzene 57-97-6 7, 12Dimethylbenz(a) anthracene 119-93-7 3, 3'Dimethylbenzidine 80-15-9 alpha, alphaDimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide (R) 79-44-7 Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride 540-73-8 1, 1Dimethylhydrazine 540-73-8 1, 2Dimethylhydrazine 105-67-9 2, 4Dimethylphenol 131-11-3 Dimethyl phthalate 77-78-1 Dlmethyl sulfate

82

121-14-2 2, 4Dinitrotoluene 606-20-2 2, 6Dinitrotoluene 117-84-0 Dinoctyl phthalate 123-91-1 1, 4Dioxane 122-66-7 1, 2Diphenylhydrazine 142-84-7 Dipropylamine (I) 97-77-8 Disulfiram 621-64-7 Dinpropylnitrosamine 106-89-8 Epichlorohydrin 759-94-4 EPTC 75-07-0 Ethanal (I) 55-18-5 Ethanamine, Nethyl-Nnitroso- 101-44-8 Ethanamine, N, Ndiethyl- 91-80-5 1, 2Ethanediamine, N, NdimethylN'2pyridinylN'(2thienylmethyl) 106-93-4 Ethane, 1, 2dibromo- 75-34-3 Ethane, 1, 1dichloro- 107-06-2 Ethane, 1, 2dichloro- 67-72-1 Ethane, hexachloro- 111-91-1 Ethane, 1, 1'(methylenebis(oxy))bis(2chloro- 60-29-7 Ethane, 1, 1'oxybis (I) 111-44-4 Ethane, 1, 1'oxybis(2chloro- 76-01-7 Ethane, pentachloro- 630-20-6 Ethane, 1, 1, 1, 2tetrachloro- 79-34-5 Ethane, 1, 1, 2, 2tetrachloro- 62-55-5 Ethanethioamide 71-55-6 Ethane, 1, 1, 1trichloro- 79-00-5 Ethane, 1, 1, 2trichloro- 59669-26-0 Ethanimidothioic acid, N, N'(thiobis((methylimino)carbonyloxy)) bis,

dimethyl ester 30558-43-1 Ethanimidothioic acid, 2(dimethylamino)Nhydroxy2oxo, methyl

ester 110-80-5 Ethanol, 2ethoxy- 1116-54-7 Ethanol, 2, 2'(nitrosoimino)bis 5952-26-1 Ethanol, 2, 2'oxybis, dicarbamate 98-86-2 Ethanone, 1phenyl- 75-01-4 Ethene, chloro- 110-75-8 Ethene, (2chloroethoxy)- 75-35-4 Ethene, 1, 1dichloro- 156-60-5 Ethene, 1, 2dichloro, (E) 127-18-4 Ethene, tetrachloro-

83

79-01-6 Ethene, trichloro- 141-78-6 Ethyl acetate (I) 140-88-5 Ethyl acrylate (I) 51-79-6 Ethyl carbamate (urethane) 60-29-7 Ethyl ether (I) 14324-55-1 Ethyl Ziram 111-54-6 Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts and esters 106-93-4 Ethylene dibromide 107-06-2 Ethylene dichloride 110-80-5 Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether 75-21-8 Ethylene oxide (I, T) 96-45-7 Ethylenethiourea 75-34-3 Ethylidene dichloride 97-63-2 Ethyl methacrylate 62-50-0 Ethyl methanesulfonate 14484-64-1 Ferbam 206-44-0 Fluoranthene 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 64-18-6 Formic acid (C, T) 110-00-9 Furan (I) 98-01-1 2Furancarboxaldehyde (I) 108-31-6 2, 5Furandione 109-99-9 Furan, tetrahydro (I) 98-01-1 Furfural (I) 110-00-9 Furfuran (I) 18883-66-4 Glucopyranose, 2deoxy2(3methyl3nitrosoureido)D- 18883-66-4 DGlucose 2deoxy2(((methylnitrosoamino)-carbonyl)amino)- 765-34-4 Glycidylaldehyde 70-25-7 Guanidine, NmethylN'-nitroNnitroso- 118-74-1 Hexachlorobenzene 87-68-3 Hexachlorobutadiene 77-47-4 Hexachlorocylopentadiene 67-72-1 Hexachloroethane 70-30-4 Hexachlorphene 1888-71-7 Hexachloropropene 302-01-2 Hydrazine (R, T) 1615-80-1 Hydrazine, 1, 2diethyl 57-14-7 Hydrazine, 1, 1dimethy 540-73-8 Hydrazine, 1, 2dimethyl 122-66-7 Hydrazine, 1, 2diphenyl

84

7664-39-3 Hydrofluoric acid (C, T) 7664-39-3 Hydrogen fluoride (C, T) 7783-06-4 Hydrogen sulfide 7783-06-4 Hydrogen sulfide H2S 80-15-9 Hydroperoxide, 1methyl-1phenylethyl (R) 96-45-7 2lmidazolidinethione 193-39-5 Indeno(1 2, 3cd)pyrene 55406-53-6 3lodo2propynyl nbutylcarbamate 14484-64-1 Iron, tris (dimethylcarbamodithioatoS, S')- 85-44-9 1, 3lsobenzofurandione 78-83-1 Isobutyl alcohol (I, T) 120-58-1 Isosafrole 143-50-0 Kepone 303-34-4 Lasiocarpine 301-04-2 Lead acetate 1335-32-6 Lead, bis(acetatoO)tetrahydroxytri- 7446-27-7 Lead phosphate 1335-32-6 Lead subacetate 58-89-9 Lindane 70-25-7 MNNG 108-31-6 Maleic anhydride 123-33-1 Maleic hydrazide 109-77-3 Malononitrile 148-82-3 Melphalan 7439-97-6 Mercury 137-42-8 Metam Sodium 126-98-7 Methacrylonitrile (I, T) 124-40-3 Methanamine, Nmethyl- (I) 74-83-9 Methane, bromo- 74-87-3 Methane, chloro (I, T) 107-30-2 Methane, chloromethoxy- 74-95-3 Methane, dibromo 75-09-2 Methane, dichloro 75-71-8 Methane, dichlorodifluoro- 74-88-4 Methane, iodo- 62-50-0 Methanesulfonic acid, ethyl ester 56-23-5 Methane, tetrachloro- 74-93-1 Methanethiol (I, T) 75-25-2 Methane, tribromo 67-66-3 Methane, trichloro-

85

75-69-4 Methane, trichlorofluoro- 57-74-9 4, 7Methano1 Hindene, 1 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8octachloro2, 3, 3a, 4, 7,

7ahexahydro- 67-56-1 Methanol (I) 91-80-5 Methapyrilene 143-50-0 1, 3, 4Metheno2Hcyclobuta(cd)pentalen2one, 1, 1a, 3, 3a, 4, 5, 5, 5a,

5b, 6decachlorooctahydro- 72-43-5 Methoxychlor 67-56-1 Methyl alcohol (I) 74-83-9 Methyl bromide 504-60-9 1Methylbutadiene (I) 74-87-3 Methyl chloride (I, T) 79-22-1 Methylchlorocarbonate (I, T) 71-55-6 Methyl chloroform 56-49-5 3Methylcholanthrene 101-14-4 4, 4'Methylenebis(2chloroaniline) 74-95-3 Methylene bromide 75-09-2 Methylene chloride 78-93-3 Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) (I, T) 7338-23-4 Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (R, T) 74-88-4 Methyl iodide 108-10-1 Methyl isobutyl ketone (1) 80-62-6 Methyl methacrylate (I, T) 108-10-1 4-Methyl2pentanone (1) 56-04-2 Methylthiouracil 50-07-7 Mitomycin C 2212-67-1 Molinate 20830-81-3 5, 12Naphthacenedione, 8acetyl10((3amino2, 3, 6trideoxy)-

alphaLlyxohexopyranosyl) oxy)7, 8, 9, 10tetrahydro6, 8, 11trihydroxy-1methoxy, (8Scis)-

134-32-7 1 Naphthalenamine 97-59-8 2Naphthalenamine 494-03-1 Naphthalenamine, N, N'-bis(2chloroethyl)- 91-20-3 Naphthalene 91-58-7 Naphthalene, 2chloro- 130-15-4 1, 4Naphthalenedione 72-57-1 2, 7Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 3, 3'((3, 3'dimethyl((1, 1'biphenyl)4,

4'diyl))bis(azo)bi s(5amino4hydroxy), tetrasodium salt 63-25-2 1Naphthalenol, methylcarbamate 130-15-4 1, 4Naphthoquinone 134-32-7 alphaNaphthylamine

86

91-59-8 betaNaphthylamine 10102-45-1 Nitric acid, thallium (1+) saH 98-95-3 Nitrobenzene (I, T) 100-02-7 p-Nitrophenol 79-46-9 2Nitropropane (I, T) 924-16-3 NNitrosodinbutylamine 1116-54-7 NNitrosodiethanolamine 55-18-5 NNitrosodiethylamine 759-73-9 NNitrosoNethylurea 684-93-5 NNitrosoNmethylurea 615-53-2 NNitrosoNmethylurethane 100-75-4 NNitrosopiperidine 930-55-2 NNitrosopyrrolidine 99-55-8 5Nitrootoluidine 1120-71 -4 1, 2Oxathiolane, 2, 2dioxide 50-18-0 2H1, 3, 2Oxazaphosphorin2amine, N, N-bis(2chloroethyl)tetrahydro,

2oxide 75-21-8 Oxirane (I, T) 765-34-4 Oxiranecarboxyaldehyde 106-89-8 Oxirane, (chloromethyl)- 123-63-7 Paraldehyde 1114-71-2 Pebulate 608-93-5 Pentachlorobenzene 76-01-7 Pentachloroethane 82-68-8 Pentachloronitrobenzene( PCNB) 87-86-5 Pentachlorophenol 108-10-1 Pentanol, 4methyl- 504-60-9 1, 3Pentadiene (I) 62-44-2 Phenacetin 108-95-2 Phenol 95-57-8 Phenol, 2chloro- 59-50-7 Phenol, 4chloro3methyl- 120-83-2 Phenol, 2, 4dichloro 87-65-0 Phenol, 2, 6dichloro 56-53-1 Phenol, 4, 4'(1, 2diethyl1, 2ethenediyl)bis, (E) 105-67-9 Phenol, 2, 4-dimethyl- 1319-77-3 Phenol, methyl- 70-30-4 Phenol, 2, 2'methylenebis(3, 4, 6trichloro- 114-26-1 Phenol, 2(1methylethoxy), methylcarbamate 100-02-7 Phenol, 4nitro

87

87-86-5 Phenol, pentachloro 58-90-2 Phenol, 2, 3, 4, 6tetrachloro- 95-95-4 Phenol, 2, 4, 5trichloro 88-06-2 Phenol, 2, 4, 6trichloro 148-82-3 LPhenylalanine, 4-(bis(2chloroethyl)amino) 7446-27-7 Phosphoric acid, lead(2) salt (2:3) 3288-58-2 Phophorodithioic acid, O, Odiethyl, Smethyl, ester 108-95-2 Phosphorous sulfide (R) 85-44-9 Phthalic anhydride 109-06-8 2-Picoline 100-75-4 Piperidine, 1nitroso 120-54-7 Piperidine, 1, 1'(tetrathiodicarbonothioyl)bis 128-03-0 Potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate 51026-28-9 Potassium nhydroxymethylnmethyldithiocarbamate 137-41-7 Potassium nmethyldithiocarbamate 23950-58-5 Pronamide 107-10-8 1Propanamine (I, T) 621-64-7 1Propanamine, NnitrosoNpropyl 142-84-7 1Propanamine, Npropyl (I) 78-87-5 Propane, 1, 2dichloro- 109-77-3 Propanedinitrile 79-46-9 Propane, 2nitro (I, T) 108-60-1 Propane, 2, 2'oxybis(2chloro- 1120-71-4 1, 3Propane sultone 93-72-1 Propanoic acid, 2(2, 4, 5trichlorophenoxy)- 126-72-7 1Propanol, 2, 3dibromo, phosphate (3: 1) 78-83-1 1Propanol, 2methyl- (I, T) 67-64-1 2Propanone (I) 79-06-1 2Propenamide 96-12-8 Propane, 1, 2dibromo3chloro- 542-75-6 1Propane, 1, 3dichloro- 1888-71-7 1Propene, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-hexachloro- 107-13-1 2Propenenitrile 126-98-7 2Propenenitrile, 2methyl-(1, T) 79-10-7 2Propenoic acid (I) 140-88-5 2Propenoic acid, ethyl ester (I) 97-63-2 2Propenoic acid, 2methyl, ethyl ester 80-62-6 2Propenolc acid, 2methyl, methyl ester (I, T) 112-42-9 Propham 114-26-1 Propoxur

88

107-10-8 nPropylamine (I, T) 78-87-5 Propylene dichloride 52888-80-9 Prosulfocarb 123-33-1 3, 6Pyridazinedione, 1, 2dihydro- 110-86-1 Pyridine 109-06-8 Pyridine, 2methyl- 66-75-1 2, 4(1H, 3H)Pyrimidinedione, 5(bis(2chloroethyl)amino)- 56-04-2 4(1H)Pyrimidione, 2, 3dihydro-6-methyl2thioxo- 930-55-2 Pyrrolidine, 1nitroso- 50-55-5 Reserpine 108-46-3 Resorcinol 81-07-2 Saccharin and salts 94-59-7 Safrole 7783-00-8 Selenious acid 7783-00-8 Selenium dioxide 7488-56-4 Selenium sulfide 7488-56-4 Selenium sulfide SeS2 (R, T) 144-34-3 Selenium, tetrakis (dimethyldithiocarbamate) 115-02-6 LSerine, diazoacetate (ester) 93-72-1 Silvex (2, 4, 5TP) 136-30-1 Sodium dibutyldithiocarbamate 148-18-5 Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate 128-04-1 Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate 18883-66-4 Streptozotocin 95-06-7 Sulfallate 77-78-1 Sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester 1314-80-3 Sulfur Phosphide (R) 93-76-5 2, 4, 5-T 1634-02-2 Tetrabutylthiuram disulfide 95-94-3 1, 2, 4, 5, Tetrachlorobenzene 630-20-6 1, 1, 1, 2Tetrachloroethane 79-34-5 1, 1, 2, 2Tetrachloroethane 127-18-4 Tetrachloroethylene 58-90-2 2, 3, 4, 6Tetrachlorophenol 109-99-9 Tetrahydrofuran 97-74-5 Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide 533-74-4 2H1, 3, 5Thiadiazine2thione, tetrahydro3, 5dimethyl 563-68-8 Thallium(l) acetate 6533-73-9 Thallium(l) carbonate 7791-12-0 Thallium chloride

89

7791-12-0 Thallium chloride TlCl 10102-45-1 Thallium(l) nitrate 62-55-5 Thioacetamide 59669-26-0 Thiodicarb 74-93-1 Thiomethanol (I, T) 137-26-8 Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide, [(H2N)C(S)]2S2 tetramethyl- 1634-02-2 Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide, tetrabutyl 97-77-8 Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide, tetraethyl 23564-05-8 Thiophanatemethyl 62-56-6 Thiourea 137-26-8 Thiram 108-88-3 Toluene 25376-45-8 Toluenediamine 26471-62-5 Toluene diisocyanate (R, T) 95-53-4 oToluidine 106-49-0 pToluidine 636-21-5 oToluidine hydrochloride 2303-17-5 Triallate 61-82-5 1H1, 2, 4Triazol3amine 71-55-6 1, 1, 1Trichloroethane 79-00-5 1, 1, 2Trichloroethane 79-01-6 Trichloroethylene 75-69-4 Trichloromonofluoromethane 95-95-4 2, 4, 5Trichlorophenol 88-06-2 2, 4, 6Trichlorophenol 101-44-8 Triethylamine 99-35-4 1, 3, 5Trinitrobenzene (R, T) 123-63-7 1, 3, 5Trioxane, 2, 4, 6trimethyl- 126-72-7 Tris (2, 3dibromopropyl) phosphate 72-57-1 Trypan blue 66-75-1 Uracil mustard 759-73-9 Urea, NethylNnitroso- 684-93-5 Urea, NmethylNnitroso- 1929-77-7 Vernolate 75-01-4 Vinyl chloride 181-81-2 Warfarin and salts, when present at concentrations of 0.3% or less 1330-20-7 Xylene (I) 50-55-5 Yohimban16carboxylic acid, 11, 17dimethoxy 18((3, 4,

5trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy), methyl ester, (3beta, 16beta, 17alpha, 18beta, 20alpha)-

90

14324-55-1 Zinc, bis(diethylcarbamodithioatoS, S')- 1314-84-7 Zinc phosphide Zn3P2, when present at concentrations of 10% or less

91

APPENDIX III

Examples of Nonhazardous Chemicals This list is not all-inclusive. Acid waste (aqueous), neutralized to a pH between 5 and 11.5 and does not contain As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Se, Ag, Mn, Ni, Cu, or Zn. A-B

Actin

A-Adenosine, free base

Adenosine 2' & 3'-monophosphate, disodium salt

Adenosine 2' & 3'-monophosphate, free acid

Adenosine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate, sodium salt

Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, sodium salt

Adenosine 3'-monophosphate, sodium salt

Adenosine 5'-diphosphate, sodium salt

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate, disodium salt

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate, sodium salt

Adonitol; Ribitol

Agar; Bacto agar

Agarose

Alginic acid, sodium salt; Sodium alginate

β-Alanine

DL-Alanine

L-Alanine

Albumin, bovine

Albumin, bovine, methylated

Albumin, human

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Aldolase, type X

DL-Aminobutyric acid; GABA

4-Amino-2-methyl-1-naphthol; Vitamin K5

92

Amylase

alpha-Amylase, type II-A

alpha-Amylase, type VI-B

β-Amylase, sweet potato

Amyloglucosidase

Amylose

Apyrase, grade VI

D-Arabinose

L(+) Arabinose

D-Arabitol

Arginase

Arginine

L-(+)-Arginine

D-Asparagine, monohydrate

DL-Asparagine

L-Asparagine

Aspartamene; Asp-phe methyl ester; L-Aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester

D-Aspartic acid

DL-Aspartic acid

L-Aspartic acid

L-Aspartic acid, monosodium salt

Autex developer and replenisher

Baclofen

Bacto peptone; Peptone

Base waste (aqueous), neutralized to a pH between 5 and 11.5 (does not contain

As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Se, Ag, Mn, Ni, Cu, or Zn)

Bayberry wax

Bentonite

β-Glucuronidase, type VIII

Betaine

Bicuculline

93

Bile salts

Biocytin

Bromelain

C-F

Calcium citrate

Calcium phosphate, monobasic

Calcium sulfate (Drierite)

Carbachol chloride

Carbonic anhydrase

Carboxymethyl cellulose

Carboxypeptidase B, type I

Carboxypeptidase Y

Carminic acid

Carrageenan, type II

β-Carotene type IV; Carotene type III; Carotene, trans-β

Carrageenan, type IV

Casein

Cellobiose, D(+)

Cellulase type I, II, V, VI, and VII

Cellulose

Chalk; Protexulate; Calcium carbonate

Chitin

2-Chloroadenosine (upto 15 mM)

Chondroitin sulfate A, sodium salt

CM Cellulose powder

L-Citrulline

Cocarboxylase

Coenzyme A, sodium salt

Collagen

Collagenase

94

alpha-Chymotrypsinogen A

DL-Cystine

Cytidine 2' and 3'-monophosphate, free acid

Cytidine 2'-monophosphate, sodium salt

Cytidine 5'-triphosphate, sodium salt

Cytosine

Dehydroisoandrosterone 3-sulfate, sodium salt dihydrate

2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate

Deoxyepinephrine hydrochloride

Deoxyribonucleic acid, type XV

2-Deoxy-D-ribose

Deuterium oxide

Dextran

Dextrose

2',4'-Dimethylacetophenone

DNA Polymerase I

EDTA

Egg albumin

Elastase, type III

Elastin-orcein

Enolase

D-Erythrose

Fibrin

Fibrinogen, human type I

Fibronectin

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

Folic acid

Fomblin oil

D-Fructose

β-D(-)-Fructose

D-Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase

95

Fumaric acid, potassium salt

Fumaric acid, sodium salt

G-L

Gelatin

Glass beads

alpha-Glucosidase, type I

β-Glucosidase

β-D(+)Glucose

L-Glucose

Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Glucose-6-phosphate

Glutamic acid

D-Glutamic acid

DL-Glutamic acid

L-Glutamic acid

DL-Glutamic acid, monohydrate

L-Glutamine in saline

Glycerin

D-glycogen

Guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate, sodium salt

Guanosine 3'-monophosphate, sodium salt

Guanosine 5'-monophosphate

Guar gum

Gum, karaya

Gum, xanthan

Heavy water (deuterium oxide)

Hematin

Hemin

Hemoglobin

Hexokinase

96

Histone

Hyaluronidase, type I-S

Hydrocortisone

Hydrocortisone acetate

DL-Histidine

DL-Homoserine

Hydrogen peroxide (3% or below)

Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG, IgD, IgE)

Ilford ID 11 (working solution concentration)

Ilford 2000 RT developer #741759 (working solution concentration)

Ilford 2150 XL developer #741816 (working solution concentration)

Insulin

Invertase, grade V

Iron filings

DL-Isoleucine

Isoproterenol (up to 150 mM)

Kaolin

Kodak developer D-11 (working solution concentration)

Kodak developer D-19 (working solution concentration)

Kodak developer D-76 (working solution concentration)

Kodak dektol developer (working solution concentration)

Kodak microdol X-developer (working solution concentration)

Kodak Technidol developer (working solution concentration)

Kodalith developer A:B = 1:1 (working solution concentration)

L-Lactic dehydrogenase, type XI

L-Proline

L-Serine

L-Sorbose

L-Threonine

L-Valine

D-Lactic dehydrogenase

97

Lactoferrin

β-Lactoglobulin

alpha-Lactose

Lectin

Lectin from glycine max

Lectin from triticum vulgaris peroxidase labeled

DL-Leucine

Locust bean gum (carob flour)

Lysozyme, grade I (chicken egg)

M-P

Magnesium hydroxide

Magnesium sulfate

D-(+)-Maltose, monohydrate

alpha-D(+)-Melibiose

Methyl cellulose

Monoamine oxidase

MXR RP-HC developer (working solution concentration)

Myoglobin, human

Myokinase

A-NADP, tetrasodium salt; A-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NADP; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

B-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide agarose

B-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, tetrasodium salt

B-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, disodium salt

B-Nicotinamide mononucleotide

Naloxone

Nerve growth factor

Neuraminidase, type X and type VIII

Nifedipine

Nimodipine

98

p-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester

Pantothenic acid

Pantothenic acid, hemicalcium salt; Calcium pantothenate; Vitamin B5, calcium

salt

DL-Pantothenic acid, hemicalcium salt

Pectin

Pectinase

Penicillinase, type I

Phentalamine (up to 1500 mM)

Phenylephrine (up to 200 mM)

Phosphatase alkaline, type VII-NT, bovine

Phosphodiesterase

Phosphodiesterase 3', 5'-cyclic nucleotide

Polymeric materials, epoxys, adhesives and glues (Hardened, reacted, dried or

solidified)

Polyethylene glycol

Polyvinyl alcohol

Potassium bitartarate; Potassium hydrogen tartarate; Cream of Tartar

Potassium sulfate

Potassium thiosulfate

Proline

DL-Proline

Propylene glycol

Prostaglandin F1A antiserum from rabbit

Protease inhibitor from rabbit skeletal muscle

Pyridoxal phosphate

R-X

Rennin

Riboflavin

D-Ribose 5-phosphate, disodium salt

99

Ribonuclease A; Ribonuclease S; Ribonuclease T1

Rosin gum; Rosin wood

Saline solution (Less than 50% sodium chloride in water)

Sarcosine

DL-Serine

Sodium ascorbate; Vitamin C, sodium

Sodium chloride

Sodium citrate

Sodium phosphate

Sodium sulfate

D-Sorbitol

Starch

Streptokinase

Strontium sulfate

Succinamide

Sucrose; table sugar

DL-Threonine

Thyroglobulin, bovine

Tragacanth gum

Transferrin, human

Triethylene glycol

Triolein

Tris buffer (up to 0.1 M)

Tropomyosin

Trypsin inhibitor

Valine

D-Valine

Vitamin K1; Phylloquinone; 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone

Xanthine oxidase

Xylitol

D-Xylose