Sustainable Development:Design Guidelines for the Town of Scott City of Green BayJoint Planning AreaEnvironmental Science and Policy 763University of Wisconsin Green Bay14 December 2004

Presentation OutlineProject BackgroundEnvironmental DesignSustainable Building MethodsUniversity ConnectionsQuestion and Answer Session

Project Background

Joint Planning AreaLand exchange between the City of Green Bay and the Town of Scott in 2003

Formation of the City of Green Bay/Town of Scott Joint Planning Commission

Current Land UseWhat is currently located in the Joint Planning Area?Agricultural and natural areasSparse residential useHow is the Joint Planning Area currently zoned?J Fink

Project BackgroundDan Madigan-President of FEECORequested that the students enrolled in Capstone provide recommendations for sustainable developmentThe following are our recommendations for Mr. Madigan to present to the Joint Planning Commission

Overall Project ObjectiveGuidelines on developing the Joint Planning Area in an ecologically sustainable manner

Application of guidelines to other developments beyond the Joint Planning Area

Guiding Principles1. Advocate comprehensive, low-impact development.2. Promote energy efficient building design and environmentally sensitive site planning and housing construction.3. Protect biodiversity through restoration and conservation of habitat areas.4. Encourage innovative transportation development at a pedestrian-friendly, walkable scale.5. Enhance connections between the development and UWGB to benefit both the university community and future businesses.6. Increase public awareness and education concerning sustainable development.

Environmental DesignConservation of Natural AreasWetlandsRiparian AreasUplands

Urban LandscapingDevelopment LayoutTransportation NetworkStorm Water Management

Wetland HabitatsEPA

Wetland ServicesServices Providednatural purification of water protection against erosion providing habitat for unique flora and fauna recreational opportunities aesthetic value Maryland Dept. of the Env.

Wetland DestructionDestruction and DegradationAgricultureDevelopment RoadsBuildingsMinn. Board of Soil and Water Res.

RecommendationsWetlands and Planned Landscapes Closely match predevelopment hydrologyPreserve or enhance native vegetationProvide upland buffers of adequate sizeConnect core wetland habitats with corridors Allow for public use of habitat patches

Multiple Use Model (MUM)Zone 1: Central CoreWetlandsDiverse habitatsZone 2: Buffer100 ft in widthWalking trailsZone 3: Light DevelopmentParks, Playgrounds Zone 4: Urban Landscape

Barnes and Adams 1999

Riparian HabitatsEPA

Stream/Riparian HabitatsWater transportAquatic & Terrestrial HabitatRecreational PotentialFilter RunoffUSDA

Road CrossingsMinimize Road Crossings3-Sided Culverts at CrossingsDi Misa 2004

Upland HabitatsW. Gilgert

Upland HabitatsTerrestrial and avian wildlife habitatExcess nutrient uptakeRecreation potentialAesthetically pleasingWind barrier

US Forest Service

HabitatsReforest areas to create wooded corridorsConnect and buffer ESAs Reduce wind erosionHabitat enhancementMinimize fragmentation Reduce edge effect

ManagementProperly time and execute maintenance/ disturbance activitiesAvoid disrupting wildlife breedingMowing, burning, sprayingSpot treat weeds when possibleSeed or re-plant disturbed ground as soon as possible

Urban LandscapingEPA

Low Impact LandscapingConserve waterOnly water when necessaryPlant trees, shrubs, and ground coversWater in the early evening and morningMinimize fertilizer useGet soil checkedAvoid phosphorusMinimize pesticide useEJ Heath

Utilize Native PlantsUtilize native plantsAdapted to weather conditionsAdapted to soil conditionsAdapted to native pestsBenefit native organisms

EJ Heath

Avoid Invasive SpeciesAvoid non-native, invasive speciesCan escape and destroy habitatForm monocultures of non-beneficial plants

Development and Infrastructure Layout www.cnu.org.

Development and Infrastructure LayoutResidential/ commercial developmentOpen space networkCommunity gardensTransportation networkStormwater management

Conventional Subdivision LayoutAlex MacLean, www.cnu.org

Proposed Development Layout OverviewNew urbanist, low-impact, cluster developmentVariety of housing choices -mixed-use, village center areaPedestrian-oriented neighborhoodsDensity bonuses for developersOpen space network

Jarvis, 1993

Single Family Lot DesignPromote 2-story homesEncourage shared drivewaysReduce front yard setbacks to 20 feetProvide options that increase density (7 dwelling units per acre)townhouses and condominiums

Natural Lands Trust, 2001

Multi-Family Lot DesignCluster multifamily housing near transit and commercial areas

Use structured parking underneath multifamily units to reduce exterior parking lots

Ensure all units have easy access to open space

Calthorpe Associates, www.env.org

Commercial Lot DesignMulti-level structures

Encourage shared parking

Limit construction of parking spaces

JJR, 2002

Open Space Network Design30-40% in permanent open space70% a continuous network

Protect hydrologically sensitive areas Groundwater recharge areas

Establish a homeowner association Open space maintenanceMinimize disturbance from construction activities

Community GardensEconomic and qualitative benefitsCharacter to neighborhoodsSense of place and loyalty Educational environment

Portland Parks and Recreation, 2004

Community GardensCase studiesNew York600 community gardensPortland197528 gardens located throughout cityMadisonEarly 1900sPortland Community Garden Locations Portland Parks and Recreation, 2004

RecommendationsLocate gardens along eastern edge of development

Protect gardens with permanent conservation easements

Plots to local residents, then to Green Bay community

UW-Extension, Green Bay Botanical Garden, and/or the Green Bay Parks and Recreation

Transportation NetworkStreet Design

Residential street widths 24-30 feet

Reduce the overall length of streets

Avoid cul-de-sacsIf used, create a pervious island in centerReplace with loop roadsUrban Design Associates, www.cnv.org

Transportation NetworkPedestrian and Transit FacilitiesSidewalks on all streetsOn-street bike lanesProvide bump-outs, textured paving, and bike racks in commercial districtsSmithGroup JJR, 2003

Transportation Network

Pedestrian over/underpasses for both Hwy 54 and 57Green Bay Metro bus service to the areaMinimize crossings of open space network and trail system

Transportation NetworkTrailsMulti-use trail system loop Walking, HikingNature observationRollerblading/ bicycling Cross-country skiing

Connections to other regional trail systems UWGB Arboretum Wildlife Sanctuary Baird CreekArvidson, 2004

Stormwater ManagementGoalsLimit stormwater runoff quantityReduce stormwater pollutant loadsProtect critical habitats (natural drainage channels)Maintain groundwater recharge and quality

Stormwater ManagementPollutants of concern

Total suspended solidsSediment from construction and erosionNutrients Residential fertilizersHeavy metalsRooftop and parking lot runoffPesticides

Stormwater ManagementRain GardensResidential areasIndustrial and commercial parking lotsUse native plantsDNR

Stormwater ManagementGreen RoofsCommercial and industrial areasEncourage the use of intensive green roof systemsMiller, 2002

Stormwater ManagementWet Detention Ponds

Continuous vegetation around pond edges

Treatment trainsBlankinship, 2004

Poster SessionSustainable Development & TransportationEconomic Feasibility of Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Landscaping PracticesLandscape Conservation Principles

Sustainable Building Methods

Whole Building DesignUS Green Building Council

Chart8

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0.22

0.08

0.27

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Sheet1

Indoor Environmental Quality23%

Sustainable Sites22%

Water Efficiency8%

Energy & Atmosphere27%

Materials & Resources20%

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Sheet3

Importance of Sustainable BuildingEconomicsSecurity, prosperity, and jobsSocialComfort and productivityEnvironmentHealth and resources

Incentive SourcesDepartment of EnergyWisconsin Focus on EnergyEPA Energy StarGreen FinancingLeadership in Energy & Environmental DesignGreen Built Home Program

Energy 10 Model

Passive Design MethodsPassive solar heating and coolingBuilding orientationWindows and shadingThermal massGreen roofsInsulationProtection of building

Active Design MethodsGeothermal heat pumpSolar hot waterPhotovoltaic panelsBuilding-integrated photovoltaicsOther technologies

All Things ConsideredEnvironment is importantUse the suns energyCareful building design decreases long-term costs and increases comfort Financial and technical resources are availableEducation is the key

University Connections Biodiversity Center

IntroductionLocation of development in relation to campusMutually benefit each otherConnecting learning to life

Assessing OpinionsFace to faceChancellor Bruce ShepardAssistant Chancellor for Planning and Budget Dean Rodeheaver Dr. Robert Howe, Professor Natural Applied Director of the Biodiversity CenterStudent poll

Administration

Student HousingProjected enrollment 7,50075% residentialNon-traditional campus housing Residence Life

FlexibilityOptions to fit student interestsProvide housing for senior citizens to utilize campus amenitiesQuality not quantityCoordinated effortResource for faculty

University Perception of IsolationDevelopment can offer an area for socialization of students and facultyPotential employmentExpansion of passpoints

UWGB

Potential BusinessesConsistent Architecture makes better characterMove away from Big Box businessesHotel for the campus to use for visiting families, faculty visits, and sports teams

Biodiversity Center

Linking TrailsCofrin ArboretumAlternative for transportationVolume capacity on current trail Local connectionsInvasive species

Center for Biodiversity

Walkable CommunityBreak out of the mold Alternative transportation routesRecreational circleDesign for community characterConnections outside community

Trail MaintenanceGetting people to pull their own weightIndividual ownershipNeighborhood association Public ownership

Center for Biodiversity

Preservation of Green SpacePreserve existing areasLarger buffer areasNative landscapingCenter for Biodiversity

Student Insights

Methods3 day student poll10 questions yes/no formatArea for additional comments138 responses

UWGB

Is There Support for Development?89% support a development in the proposed area84% feel that housing options nearby campus are appealing59% would consider living in the development

Connectivity to Campus82% would like to see a connection between campus and the development82% would utilize and link to the campus trail system UWGB

Transit Extension75% thought extending the bus system to the area would be positive69% said that they would not ride the busThere was indication that a shuttle would be more appropriate25 commented on fare pricesAverage $1.10Range $0.25-2.00

Features in the Area59% would like a trail system connection59% would like more off campus housing60% supported a University Center areaOnly 30% indicated a preference that the University remain isolated

Student CommentsI do not like the fact that campus is so isolated from the outside world, so any connections and development would be appreciated!I chose UWGB because it was isolated. I grew up in an isolated community and I like it that way. Cities are not my style, but I had to move to one for college. UWGB was the best choice for me because it has a small town feel with plenty of peace and quiet away from the main city.

ConclusionsThe campus has a positive outlook about the developmentCareful planning can benefit both the community and campusProject is connecting learning to life

AcknowledgementsProfessor Laurel Phoenix, UWGBProfessor Patricia Terry, UWGBDan Madigan, LandownerBruce Shepard, UWGB Chancellor Dean Rodeheaver, UWGB Assistant Chancellor for Planning and Budget Joel Trick, US Fish and Wildlife ServiceJeff Dumez, Brown County Land Information OfficeBill Hafs, Brown County Land Conservation DepartmentPat Robinson, WDNRBay-Lake Regional Planning CommissionProfessor Gary Fewless, UWGB Herbarium Curator

Professor Bob Howe, UWGBProfessor John Katers, UWGBBill Lockery, Green Bay PlanningDave Cerny, Town of ScottBill Hafs, Brown County Land Conservation DepartmentRay Kopish and Paul Jadin, Chamber of CommercePaul Wozniak, Wisconsin Public ServicePaul Hartman, University of Wisconsin ExtensionStudents at the UWGBCommunity Members in Attendance of Brainstorming Session

Thank YouThe complete Capstone Seminar Project including:Report documentPoster presentationsOral presentationInternet URL:http://www.uwgb.edu/gradstu/ESP/CourseProjects.htm

QuestionsCapstone Seminar Project:http://www.uwgb.edu/gradstu/ESP/CourseProjects.htm

Thank you Grant. My name is Eddie Heath and I am going to offer suggestions in terms of Environmental Design. For clarity, we have broken this section into two parts. I will be explaining the benefits associated with the Conservation of Natural Areas and our recommendations to planners, developers, and landowners about what can be done to ensure these habitat types will be able to exist in the future. As an addition, I will also give some recommendations in terms of urban landscaping that could be beneficial to the individual landowner or that can be formulated into covenants. Heidi Serve-a-knee will then give suggestions to more high impact areas such as Development Layout, Transportation Network and Storm Water Management.

As Grant pointed out, our goal was not to create a map that delineated exact locations of particular features, rather prepared suggested guidelines that can be applied to a number of different development projects. However, we did take into account specific aspects of this proposed development area to ensure that we addressed all the components that will be a part of this project.

Here is a map of the Environmentally Sensitive Areas in the Proposed Development Area as prepared by the Brown County Land Information Office. The green areas on the map refer to those natural areas that if at all possible, should be conserved for their ecological value.I will begin this section by addressing wetlands.

Wetlands are Defined by the State of Wisconsin as being:an area where water is at, near, or above the land surface long enough to be capable of supporting aquatic or hydrophytic vegetation and which has soils indicative of wet conditions

Wetlands are among the most diverse ecosystems found on Earth They include many different habitats, including swamps, bogs, marshes, and fens.We understand that natural habitats directly provide services to us. These services many times are not accounted for in standard measures of the economy, but certainly would be if they were absent and technology was needed to provide these functions.Wetlands provide many services. Functioning wetlands are able to filter out toxins and excessive nutrients through their vast root system. It is these same roots that hold the soil in place, protecting against erosion. Wetlands also provide valuable habitat for plants and animals. Of the International Conservation Unions endangered and threatened organisms, 46% need wetlands for at least part of their life cycles. Migratory birds also utilize wetlands as they move through on their journey.Many outdoor enthusiasts, including bird watchers and duck hunters understand the value that wetlands offer in terms of recreational opportunities. And other people simply like to view the wetland scenery for its aesthetic value.

As you can see, it is important to ensure the function of wetlands in order for all organisms, including ourselves to benefit from their services. The destruction of wetlands has led to a reduction of these services. Wetland destruction and degradation was a common occurrence until the mid 1970s when the Clean Water Act was enacted.

-Historically, the draining of wetlands for agricultural purposes was the main source of wetland destruction. -Today, the biggest threat comes from development pressures, such as building and road construction.Historically there were more than 215 million acres of wetlands in the lower 48 states, of which just over half exist today It is estimated that development has led to a 70% reduction of historic wetland area within the U.S.s Great Lakes Basin

Currently, there are laws protecting wetlands from filling and dredging. It is our recommendation that wetlands encountered during the development planning process be avoided if at all possible. The hydrologic cycle of an area is crucial to a wetland and just because a wetland is spared from development does not ensure that it will function as a wetland. Water that is not allowed to infiltrate the ground may not find its way into the wetland, resulting in destruction or degradation.I have pointed out the benefits associated with wetlands and many of these benefits are granted by the wetland vegetation itself. It is of utmost importance that this native vegetation be preserved or enhanced. Wetlands often become isolated natural reserves, with development practices occurring directly up to their delineated boundaries. It is important that buffer areas be in place to augment the effects of development.A cooperative effort between planners, ecologists, developers, and builders needs to be undertaken so that adjacent uplands essential to the proper functioning of wetland communities are preserved.Small, isolated wetlands in many instances are not able to sustain themselves without the help of larger systems. It is this reason that wetlands must be connected by corridors to allow plant and animal species to travel into these areas.It is possible for there to be some public use of these wetland corridors and buffers.The Multiple Use Model is our recommendation for the wetlands.Zone 1 would be wetlands and other diverse habitats. There should be no development in this zone.Zone 2 is the buffer surrounding the central core. It is recommended that this width be at least 100 feet. It is on the outer edge of this zone that walking trails could exist. Zone 3 is an area where light development can occur, but certainly not in the buffer zone.Zone 4 would be the urban landscape.I would now like to address the riparian habitats. A Stream is defined as any channelized, moving body of water. These may or may not carry water all year round.The Riparian habitat is the area adjacent to a body of water. These areas are the buffer areas adjacent to streams.

Streams provide Water transport systems that transport surface water over the surface of the earth.Streams and riparian habitats are Important for aquatic and terrestrial organisms.Both streams and riparian areas can be used in low impact recreation.Riparian areas can protect streams by filtering out pollution, excess nutrients, and sediments and by reducing runoff flow volume and runoff velocity both of which increase erosion and flooding potential.

It is our recommendation to Minimize road crossings to eliminate hazards to the buffer zones integrity. If it is possible, combine trail and road crossings to eliminate separate crossings for each. Crossings areas where roads or trails cut through a buffer zone to get from one side to the other, usually crossing a stream. Every time there is a crossing, the habitat connectivity is reduced and natural stream function endangered. It is important to reduce the number of crossings of a stream and buffer zone to reduce their affect on nature. When there are crossings, critter crossing type structures or 3 sided culverts should be used. These structures are more friendly to stream flow integrity and wildlife movement.

The use 3-sided bottomless culverts reduce the impacts of crossings.3 sided culverts should be large enough to allow animals and fish to pass through.They also need to be large enough to allow flood water to pass through without restricting flow.The use of 3 sided culverts can also be an efficient method to avoid the need for permitting under the Clean Water Act Section 404.I would now like to address our recommendations in terms of upland habitats. Upland habitats consist of both upland forests and grassland prairies.Upland natural areas whether forested or grassland, not only provide habitat for upland species but also serve to protect wetland species by taking up significant amounts of excess nutrients and toxins that would other wise end up in wetland basins and streams.Uplands offer many potentials for recreation including hiking and wildlife observing.

Forests also can serve as wind barriers. This development is subject to high winds off the bay and landowners would certainly benefit from this function.

It is our suggestion that preservation of the existing Upland natural areas may the simplest option when areas are being considered for development.

As fragmentation and urban sprawl increase through out natural areas, corridors to provide habitat connectivity become extremely important to many wildlife species. It is important to link uplands as well as wetlands with corridors to allow for plant and animal passage.

Although forest edges can provide a diverse mix of plant and animal communities, it is also important to provide habitat for those species that need the seclusion of a core habitat. It is our recommendation to preserve the largest chunks of upland habitat to increase the amount of core habitat.Disturbance regimes are valuable to the function of all habitat types, including forests, grasslands, and riparian areas.Many grasslands need periodic maintenance to simulate the natural disturbance regime. It is important to delay mowing, burning and other large scale disturbances of grasslands until after the reproduction period of grassland wildlife species, especially ground nesting birds. These management practices will be best suited for fall.Unwanted invasive species pose threats to the ecological function to all habitat types.Mechanical methods, such as cutting or pulling, of invasive species is always the least damaging to the system. However, it is not always the most effective management strategy. In some instances, chemical control is needed.When possible, chemical control of invasive species should be done as spot treatments to avoid harming beneficial insects, wildlife and plants.Complete clearing of vegetative ground cover in the fall with out leaving time for re-growth may lead to soil erosion and increased sedimentation of beneficial lowland habitats such as wetlands and stream. These distrubances also make the conditions right for the invasion of non native species.

The outer most zone of the multiple use model is the urban landscape.

Suburban development brings with it the need for exterior green space design. Much of the allure of this type of development is the open spaces that can be planted with turf grass and ornamental plants which will increase the aesthetic value of the residence. Many homeowners have a fundamental interest in retaining a dense and green lawn at the expense of time, money, fertilizer, pesticide, and water. Education of homeowners about their impacts on the environment may yield conservation techniques that will have both the homeowner and the environment in mind.

The following recommendations, although specifically addressed to the home owner, offer possibilities for protective covenants and policies.Many of us that live next to one of the largest supplies of fresh water, the Great Lakes, do no commonly think about conservation of water. However, in the near future, this is going to be an important issue.

In order to conserve water, it is important to only water when necessary. Lawns only need an inch of water a week.Turf requires more water than other vegetation types. By planting a variety of trees, shrubs, and groundcovers, the homeowner can decrease water useMany homeowners apply water during the hottest, driest par of the day in a mistaken attempt to prevent lawn damage. However, this is the time at which evaporation rates are the highest, meaning that not all the water applied stays available for the plants to use. Watering in the evening and early morning can increase the amount of water that is available to the lawn.

In Virginia, a study showed that 79% of suburban lawns had been fertilized. However less than 20% of the residents had their soils tested to determine the actual fertilizer needs. In order to understand the individual needs of ones lawn, it is important to have your soil checked. Almost never is phosphorous needed but usually comes included in the pre-packaged fertilizer. Phosphorus that runs off urban lawns can cause malodorous algal blooms in adjacent water bodies and can cause havoc on these systems, voiding the water of oxygen. Some municipalities, such as Madison, have put a zero phosphorous law in effect for urban lawns. However, if a soil test shows that phosphorus is needed, it may be applied.

The US EPA estimates nearly 70 million pounds of pesticides are applied to the collective 20 to 30 million acres of urban lawns annually. Pesticide use should be kept to a minimum and only applied when a pest is observed, not simply as a preventative measure.

I have eluded to the fact that it is important to preserve natural areas to provide habitat for among other things, native plants. Native plants can also be used in the urban landscape to provide the landowner with beauty throughout all the seasons.

Native plants are adapted to the local climactic conditions and reduce the need for irrigation and watering of the plants.Native plants that are adapted to the specific soil conditions of an area are naturally able to exist without the need for excessive fertilizer applications.These plants have historically existed in the presence of the native pest species and are normally able to cope with these species without the needs of pesticides.Species richness can be both biologically and aesthetically beneficial. The more plant species used, the more organisms that will benefit and make their way into the urban landscape to be enjoyed.

Many ecologists agree that one of the most perplexing environmental catastrophes we are faced with today are invasive species. Invasive species are those species that have populated an area outside of their native ranges, thriving without the presence of controlling factors such as predation and disease. This gives the invaders an advantage by which they can out-compete native species. Although it is difficult to get an exact number, it is thought that the majority of invasive plant species became established as they escaped from gardens and landscaping. Homeowners seek a variety of flora for many different aesthetic properties, but also for their resilience. Particularly hardy species may escape via seed dispersal from their landscape beds into the natural areas where native species reside. When planting non-native ornamentals, it is important to refer to a horticulturalist about a particular species ability to facilitate populations outside the boundaries of your fence. As you can see here, purple loosestrife is an invasive species that has escaped from garden plantings. Dense monocultures of non-native plants have little or no value for native organisms and can be considered a complete loss of habitat for many of these species. If you take nothing else from this section, make sure you understand the importance of invasive species and the role that you can play in discouraging their spread.

I will now turn your attention toward Heidi Serve-a-Knee where she will begin by talking about Development and Infrastructure layout recommendations in the final half of the Environmental Design section.Well Folks, we are about half way through our presentation. The presenters before me focused on various aspects of environmental design. The other two areas that our class felt we had expertise in is sustainable building methods and issues that are important to the University.

The focus of the sustainable building methods group is one of education. The role that buildings play in society is so diverse and so important. The amount of information and resources that are available to help developers, builders, consumers, and the general public understand and recognize the value of sustainable building methods is vast.

Based on our research, observations, and expertise, we see real, practical, responsible, economically and environmentally sound building practice and technology that we believe should be employed at any proposed development.This slide shows some of the areas of importance and the weight they have when considering different building certification programs.. We feel it gives a good overall idea of the key criteria that need to be addressed to achieve sustainable building success,

The concept that the literature, our research and our experience led us to focus on is the concept of the whole-building approachWhole building design views buildings as integrated systems of interactive componentwhich is precisely what they are. It is well documented that incorporating many energy and water conservation design criteria into the significantly lowers the cost. The open slate that a new development provides is ideal.

Economics Many Jobs

Social Living, working, and playing

Environment All the items we heard about during the environmental design portion of the presentation.

When taking on the project, the issue of buildings and their necessity and impact were on of the first concerns.

Buildings are estimated to consume more than half of Americas primary energy.Listed here are a few of the many resources available to developers, consumers, and other stakeholders. While attending the poster session, feel free to take one of our handouts with web links and other sources of information.Raise Consumer AwarenessHelp Developers and Consumers Qualify for Federal, State and Local IncentivesLower Overall CostsPositive PR/Marketing Opportunities

For this model we assumed a cost of 8 cents per kilowatt hour for electricity and 60 cents per therm for natural gas. Conservation and energy are not necessarily an all or nothing thingAnywhere in the white area, improvements can be made.. The first case is Chip Birchers home.The second case is the Esperanza del Sol Development.The third case is the Traugott Terrace ApartmentsBare Bones Furniture (Glenfalls, NY)Watertown Unified School District (Watertown, WI)Clearview Elementary School (Hanover, PA)Southern Orientation

Provides 30-60% savings in heating and coolingEach of these technologies can reduce the long-term cost of operating a building and can significantly lower its environmental impact.

The sustainable building methods section has been geared mostly toward the practices that make buildings less impact, but the benefits go beyond energy and cost savings, but have a positive influence on the environment. Owners and residents of whole-building design homes enjoy increased occupant comfort, improved indoor air quality, and reduced noise infiltration among other positive effects.

Commercial building owners and occupants benefit from increased worker and client comfort, improved air quality, and lower maintenance costs. Improved lighting systems, particularly those incorporating natural day lighting, are credited by many studies with reducing injuries to workers, improving sales in retail stores, and raising educational test scores in schools.

Thoughts about the role buildings will play should start during the comprehensive plan development.

T-50-100 building lifeOrientationWhole Building Design ApproachInstall high-quality insulation and double pane, low-e vision glassCarefully Design the HVAC SystemEnergy Efficient AppliancesEnergy Efficient LightingH-Biggest Energy ComponentI-Direct correlation with HVAC sizing and effiencyN-Using the suns light and heat, environmentally sensitive products.K-Knowledge and networking: If you dont know, ask someone before you build!The campus and the development are within close proximity to each other. The development and campus in close proximity can benefit each other. The campus can provide potential employees and residents. The development can provide a location for more student/faculty housing, employment opportunities, and contribute to the overall quality of life on campus.Furthermore, the development is allowing the graduate class to link learning to life- we gain the experience of utilizing our education on a outreach based project with the community and professionals in the field.

We conducted face to face interviews with the Chancellor, Asst. Chancellor and Dr. Robert Howe as well as conducting a 3- day poll of 138 students50% increase of current enrollment of 5,420 students Currently 75% of students are considered residential (meaning that they do not live with their parents or spouse), but of those 75% only half live in on campus housing. There are nine traditional apartment buildings, which offer living options in four-person/two bedroom apartments, one-person efficiency apartments, and two-person/one-bedroom apartments High demand for housingRetention on campusWaiting lists determine when to build-501c3 bond issued to create multifamily housing, or in this case multi student housing, for a nonprofit or government entity; the 501c3 allows for the potential to built campus dorms on sites located off campus; there is also the potential to incorporate classrooms into the development area-Both the chancellor and asst. chancellor expressed their interest in having a housing area for senior citizens. They can utilize many of the amenities on campus like the Weidner Center, Golf Course, Sports Center, and Arboretum-Creating quality housing not student ghettos, or sub par housing, off campus can create a neighborhood sense that non-traditional students and graduate students would welcome -Demand for housing moving away from campus is not seen as competition, but it needs to be coordinated with planned university housing expansion. The chancellor would like to coordinate, so there is not a resulting lose-lose situation for both parties-Students currently need to drive miles off campus to go to the movies or visit with friends in a tavern setting. If the area were to include a business sector with shops and restaurants students, can work and socialize without the current commute The chancellor expressed his concern that often times the Green Bay Community forgets that the campus is here. Building a development nearby that incorporates the campus community would help dispel that myth.There is the potential to expand the pass point food purchasing system to local businesses in the area. The chancellor was optimistic, but cautioned that a potential obstacle may be the current food service contract.Assistant chancellor expressed the need to create a feel to the area that brings better character through consistent architecture. not be full of Big Box retailers. Through the schools research for the University Master Plan they learned that the University Community is not looking for more chain retailers. Chancellor liked the idea of a potential hotel- discussed the benefits for families visiting students throughout the year and housing visiting sports teams. The Cofrin Arboretum encompasses the 290 acres encircling the UW Green Bay campus, and contains a system of trails to give the public opportunity to enjoy the aesthetic and ecological features of the Arboretum Providing an alternative for transportation is important- creating a more walkable community, connecting people and natureStructurally the only trail designated a viable bicycle trail is the paved circle trail. The gravel and bark trails contour to the natural landscape and are designed hiking and walking, and that will never changeConnecting the campus to local trails is feasible, but trying to establish a Brown County system connection would not be an option. Currently users of the area transfer seeds through their recreational use or even through simply driving a car on campus- Dr. Howes when asked about the concern of invasive species coming into the arboretum expressed that, He probably holds a more pessimistic view that they are going to get her regardless. However, he doesnt think bikes will be that big an issue.

Streets and sidewalks are not the only possible avenues for transportation within a community create a walking/biking trail system Incorporating a trail system provides children a safe area to ride their bicycles. Creating a recreational circle to link homes and businesses creates a more walkable community. Bob suggesting thinking- What would families like to do after dinner? Walk to the ice cream shopRide bikesCommercial areas should be built so that they fit in the community atmosphere. This can be done through placing businesses that are commonly quick trips closer to trails so it encourages bicycles as transportation instead of only recreation. Even think as far as connecting the trail loop to other trail systems such as the proposed trail near Red Smith School. For those interested in more scenic trails, expand from the larger loop to the natural areas with smaller unpaved trails providing a more challenging trek.

communities may have residents own, maintain, and light segments of the trail that transverse their property Allowing the association standards for upkeep and design will create stronger regulations and covenants forcing everyone to pull their own weight. This would alleviate potential problems with upkeep and create a uniform appearance throughout the system. Because the section of the property in public ownership is not taxable as part of their land, property owners may benefit from lower property taxes. preserving the existing natural areas and buffering around them should be a high priority. Designing housing and businesses with larger distances from environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) as well as routing roads around ESAs can help increase the functionality as habitat Where home and businesses are built clever landscaping such as planting native shrubs and creating a lawn of native grasses, which require minimal maintenance, can help promote more biodiversity. Providing a listing of plants that are native and attractive can help the residents and developers make environmentally conscious decisions. Bob expresses that the key to preservation of open space is to Work with what youve got. Thats where you get the biggest bang for your buck. He stresses that Native plants are really important- People usually just need direction and help to think outside the box

10 question questionnaire with yes no questions and comments sectionMany people felt that if the shuttle was an option make the cost equivalent to a bus fare.Many students expressed concern about the already sprawling Green Bay Community. They liked the idea of more business and housing options near campus; however, they do not want it to infringe on campus. They like the Arboretum and the natural areas around campus. There seemed to be an indication that if the development is sustainable and smart, its a good idea. They seemed to like the idea of having more options close but not too close.

Furthermore, the presentation could not have been completed without the assistance of many various individuals and agencies who helped us to generate ideas, who completed interviews and opinion polls, or who directed us to additional sources with more complete information.

Thank You for attending the presentation this evening. As a class, we have put numerous hours of work into the completion of the project and we appreciate you taking time out of your schedule to listen to our recommendations.

Please remember that there will be a poster session with food and refreshments after the question and answer session. We will now take questions for the next 10 minutes? Remember there will also be time during the poster session to discuss points with the members of the class.

Please direct your questions to one of the four main topic areas