environmental compliance health and safety management professional certificate in human resources...
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Environmental Compliance
Health and Safety Management
Professional Certificate in Human ResourcesTom Brandon, CPP, CUSA
O (619) 749- 0179
F (619) 749-0182
Environmental Compliance
Water Pollution Air Pollution Pollution of the land Key events Industrial Hygiene Hazard Communication
Environmental Compliance
Water PollutionClean Water Act
Water Pollution Control Act
Oil Protection Act Exxon Valdez
Environmental Compliance
Air Pollution Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990
Kyoto Protocol Noise Control Act
Environmental Compliance
Pollution of the land Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act of 1999
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) Resource Conversation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA) “Superfund” Love Canal Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)
Environmental Compliance
Key events Bhopal
http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/india/090226/the-bhopal-disaster-25-years-later
Environmental Compliance
Key events Bhopal: the Union Carbide gas leak Chernobyl: Russian nuclear power plant explosion Seveso: Italian dioxin crisis The 1952 London smog disaster Major oil spills of the 20th and 21st century The Love Canal chemical waste dump The Baia Mare cyanide spill The European BSE crisis Spanish waste water spill The Three Mile Island near nuclear disaster
Environmental Compliance
Bhopal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0csW97x8d24
Industrial Hygiene Part science, part art Industrial Hygiene is the application of
scientific principles in the workplace to prevent the development of occupational disease or injury
Requires knowledge of chemistry, physics, anatomy, physiology, mathematics
History of IH Disease resulting from exposure to
chemicals or physical agents have existed ever since people chose to use or handle materials with toxic potential
In the far past, causes were not always recognized
IH Program: Minimum Elements
1. Identification of health hazards
2. Evaluation of health hazards
3. Control of health hazards
4. Recordkeeping
5. Employee training
6. Periodic program review
Commonly regarded as the three phase of industrial hygiene
Dose-Response Relationship The toxicity of a substance depends not
only on its toxic properties, but also on the amount of exposure, or the dose
Differentiated betweenChronic (low-level, long-term) poisoningAcute (high-level, short-term) poisoning
Scope of IH Recognition, Evaluation, and Control of hazards or
agents Chemical Agents
Dusts, mists, fumes, vapors, gases Physical Agents
Ionizing and nonionizing radiation, noise, vibration, and temperature extremes
Biological Agents Insects, molds, yeasts, fungi, bacteria, viruses
Ergonomic Agents Monotony, fatigue, repetitive motion
Control of Agents Controls in this order of preference
1. Engineering Controls Engineering changes in design, equipment, processes Substituting a non-hazardous material Substitute a less hazardous material, local exhaust ventilation
2. Administrative Controls Reduce the human exposure by changes in procedures, work-area access
restrictions, worker rotation Worker rotation, training
3. Personal Protective Equipment / Clothing Ear plugs / muffs, safety glasses / goggles, respirators, gloves, clothing,
hard-hats Respirators, gloves, eye protection, ear protection, etc.
Evaluation of hazards Measurements
Air sampling, noise meters, light meters, thermal stress meters, accelerometers (vibration)
Calculation of doseLevel and duration of exposure
Keep records
Acute and Chronic Terminology: Exposure as well as Response Acute exposure: short time / high concentration Chronic exposure: long-term, low concentration Acute response: rash, watering eyes, cough from brief
exposure to ammonia Chronic response: emphysema from years of cigarette
smoking
Routes of Exposure Inhalation Ingestion Absorption through the skin Less common
InjectionAbsorption through eyes and ear canals
Professional Organizations (USA) American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA),
www.aiha.org, member organization
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), www.acgih.org, member organization for government employees
American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH), www.abih.org, independent organization that administers certification programs for industrial hygiene professional
Hazard Communication Standard
Hazard Communication Standard Became law under OSHA in 1983 Mandates responsibilities for chemical “providers” (chemical
manufacturers) Evaluate chemicals Label containers Provide MSDS to users
Mandates responsibilities for chemical “users” (employers) Evaluate workplace hazards Develop written plan to communicate hazards
Flow of Chemical Information
ManufacturerManufacturer EmployerEmployer
EmployeeEmployee
Written Program
Lists hazardous materials Describes labeling system
Location of MSDSs
Information for non-routine hazards explained
Describes training program
Explains how contractors’ employees are informed of hazards
Available to employees, their representatives, OSHA and NIOSH
Three Key Components
Container Labeling Employee Training
GeneralJob Specific
Material Safety Data Sheets
Product Container Labeling
All containers brought into the workplace must be labeled Bags, barrels, bottles, boxes, cans, cylinders, drums,
storage tanks, piping systems Labels to include:
Identity of chemical Name and address of manufacturer or importer Hazard warning
Labeling by Employer
Containers provided on site must be labeled Identity of chemical Hazard warning All containers are labeled
Piping systemsStationary containers, tanks and vessels, process equipment May be posted with single sign or placard
Hazard Labels
NFPA Fire Diamond Red: Flammability Blue: Health Yellow: Reactivity White: Special
Numbered 0-4 0=no hazard 4=extreme hazard
Employee Training
General Overview of standard Implementation at site
Job Specific Specific to work area Specific to chemicals used Updated with new chemicals and processes
MSDS
Standardized summary of the results of health and safety research on a chemical product
Available at your work site If needed information is missing - ASK If you have a question - ASK Know the information before you use a chemical Never rely on looking it up after an accident
Material Safety Data Sheets
CONTENTS: Material Identification Hazardous Ingredients Physical Data Fire and Explosion Data Reactivity Health Hazards Spill, Leak, Disposal Data Special Protection Information Additional Information
MSDS
Material Identification Product name/identifier Chemical formula Manufacturer Emergency contacts
Hazardous Ingredients/Composition Chemical name CAS number Percentage
MSDS
Physical Data pH, boiling point, melting point, specific gravity, vapor
density
(air = 1) Fire and Explosion Data
Flash point, LEL-UEL, NFPA rating Reactivity Data
Materials that are incompatible Possible reactions Stability
MSDS
Health Hazards Routes of Exposure
How can you be exposed Types of Exposure
Chronic or acute Toxicity
Potential to cause harm
Carcinogenicity Cancer causing
Health Hazards - Routes of Exposure
How can you be exposed? Inhalation
Breath it Ingestion
Eat or drink it Absorption
Through the skin
Health Hazards - Type of Exposure Chronic Exposure:
An adverse effect with symptoms that develop slowly over a long period of time
e.g., repeated exposure to asbestos
Acute Exposure: An adverse effect with
symptoms that develop rapidly
e.g., dropped bottle of acid
Health Hazards - Exposure Limits
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) Regulatory standard set by OSHA
Threshold Limit Value (TLV) ACGH recommendation Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA)
8-hour day and 40-hour week Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV-STEL)
15 min/4X per dayI60 mm interval/TWA not exceeded Ceiling Limit (TLV-C)
At no time to be exceeded
Health Hazards - Toxicity Determination Generally based on animal studies LC50 Lethal Concentration (in air)
For 50% of test population LD50 Lethal Dose (ingested)
For 50% of test population IDLH
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health The smaller the level, the more toxic the chemical
MSDS
Spill, Leak, Disposal Data Primarily used by spill team and waste operations
Special Protection Information Equipment and precautions for handling
Additional Information DOT shipping name and ID number TSCA SARA 313
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Safety Glasses/Goggles Chemical, machine
Gloves Chemical, work
Garments/Aprons/Smocks Earplugs/Ear Muffs Respiratory Protection Boots
MSDS
It is Your Right to Know
It is Your Responsibility to Work Safely
Know What the Hazards are
...Know How to Avoid Them
HazCom at Home
Chemicals and products used in the home are also
hazardous Irritants: chlorine bleach, ammonia Toxics: pesticides, herbicides, silver cleaner Corrosives: tile cleaner, battery acid Flammables: paints, furniture stripper, diesel fuel
Read warning labels Be aware of potential hazards Use with care
Environmental Compliance
Tools and resources EPA
http://www.epa.gov/epahome/learn.htm http://www.epa.gov/epahome/enviroq/index.htm
Air Quality Management District (AQMD) (business resources) http://www.aqmd.gov/business/businessresources.html