ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONEnvironmental pollution is any discharge of material or

energy into water, land, or air that causes or may cause acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) detriment to the Earth's ecological balance or that lowers the quality of life. Pollutants may cause primary damage, with direct identifiable impact on the environment, or secondary damage in the form of minor perturbations in the delicate balance of the biological food web that are detectable only over long time periods.

TROPOSPHERIC POLLUTIONIT occurs due to the presence of undesirable solid or gaseous particles in air.GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANTS- OXIDES OF SULPHUR NITROGEN , AND CARBON,

HYDROGEN SULPHIDE , HYDROCARBONS, OZONE AND OTHER OXIDANTS

OXIDES OF NITROGEN- AT HIGH ALTITUDES WHEN LIGHTNING STRIKES DINITROGEN AND DIOXYGEN COMBINE TO FORM OXIDES OF NITROGEN THE IRRITANT RED HAZE IN TRAFFIC AND CONGESTED PLACES IS DUE TO OXIDES OF NITROGEN

OXIDES OF SULPHUR- oxides of sulphur are produced when sulphur containing fossil fuel is burnt . It causes respiratory problems

OXIDES OF CARBON-HYDROCARBONS AND CARBON MONOXIDE . HYDROCARBONS ARE FORMED DUE TO INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION OF FOSSIL FUELS . CARBON MONOXIDE IS HIGHLY POISNOUS TO HUMAN BEINGS

TROPOSPHERIC POLLUTIONPARTICULATE POLLUTANTS ARE- DUST, MIST, FUMES, SMOKE

SMOKE PARTICULATES CONSISTS OF SOLID OR MIXTURE OF SOLID AND LIQUID . THEST ARE DURING COMBUSTION OF ORGANIC MATTER AND FOSSIL SUELS

DUST IS COMPOSED OF FINE SOLID PARTICLES OVER 1UM IN DIAMETER , PRODUCED DURING CRUSHING GRINDING AND ATTRIBUTION OF SOLID MATERIALS .

MISTS- ARE PRODUCED BY PARTICELS OF SPRAY LIQUIDS AND BY CONDENSATION OF VAPOURS IN AIR

GLOBAL WARMING GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

ACID RAIN WE ARE AWARE THAT NORMAL RAIN WATER HAS PH OF 5.6 DUE TO PRESENCE OF H+ IONS FORMED BY REACTION OF RAIN WATER WITH CARBON WHEN PH OF RAIN WATER DROPS BELOW 5.6 IT IS CALLED ACID RAIN

TAJ MAHAL AND ACID RAIN THE AIR ARROUND THE CITY OF AGRA WHERE THE TAJ MAHAL IS LOCATED CONTAINS FAIRLY HIGH LEVELS OF SULPHUR AND NITROGEN OXIDES IT IS MAINLY DUE TO LARGE NUMBER OF INDUSTRAIL POWER PLANTS ARROUND THE CITY THE RESULTING ACID RAIN REACTS WITH THE MARBLE OF THE MONUMENT WHICH IS GETTING DISCOLOURED

STRATOSPHERIC POLLUTIONTHE UPPER STRATOSPHERE CONSISITS OF

CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF OZONE WHICH PROTECTS US FROM HARMFUL ULTRA VIOLET RAYS

The ozone hole is an annual thinning of the ozone layer over Antartica caused by stratospheric chlorine Other more moderate thinning have also been called "ozone holes", such as that over the North Pole during certain weather conditions. The discovery of the annual depletion of ozone above the Antarctic was first announced in a paper by Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner and Jonathan Shanklin which appeared in nature in may 1985 .Due to thinning of ozone hole uv rays could reach the earth’s surface and cause skin cancer

WATER POLLUTIONWater pollution is the contamination of water bodies

(e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

MAIN CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION ARE PATHOGENS , ORGANIC WASTE AND CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS

PATHOGENS INLCLUDE DISEASE CAUSING BACTERIA LIKE STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AND MANY MORE

AS WE KNOW WATER IS AN EXCELLENT SOLVENT MANY INORGANIC SOLVENTS LIKE THEY INCLUDE MERCURY CADIUM

SOIL POLLUTIONSoil contamination or soil pollution is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made)

chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals, or improper disposal of waste. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (such as naphthalene and benzo(a)pyrene), solvents, pesticides, lead, and other heavy metals. Contamination is correlated with the degree of industrialization and intensity of chemical usage.

MAIN CAUSES OF SOIL POLLUTION ARE PESTICIDES AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE

A PESTICIDE is a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest. A pesticide may be a chemical substance, biological agent (such as a virus or bacteria), antimicrobial, disinfectant or device used against any pest. Pests include insects, plant pathogens,

weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms) and microbes that compete with humans for food, destroy property, spread or are a vector for disease or

cause a nuisance

Treated sewage sludge, known in the industry as bio solids, has become controversial as a fertilizer to the land. As it is the byproduct of sewage treatment, it generally contains more contaminants such as organisms, pesticides, and heavy metals than other soil.

GREEN CHEMISTRYGreen chemistry, also called sustainable chemistry, is a philosophy of chemical

research and engineering that encourages the design of products and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances . Whereas environmental chemistry is the chemistry of the natural environment, and of pollutant chemicals in nature, green chemistry seeks to reduce and prevent pollution at its source.

NOBEL GOES TO GRREN CHEMISTRY What a great day for chemistry,'' declared an advocate of environmentally friendly

"green chemistry,'' Paul Anastas of the American Chemical Society.The $1.3 million prize will be shared by Robert H. Grubbs, 63, of the California Institute

of Technology; Richard R. Schrock, 60, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Yves Chauvin, 74, honorary director of research at the Institut Francais du Petrole in Rueil-Malmaison, France.

Yves Chauvin Robert H.Grubbs Richard R.schrock