environmental assessment of infrastructure projectsold.ku.edu.np/env/pdf/symposium/kuniv sympos...

(c) 2012 - [email protected] 1

Environmental Assessment of

Infrastructure Projects

International and Regional Context

Dr David W. J. Green

Environmental Assessment : Trends, Challenges,

Prospects & Opportunties. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Science,

Kathmandu University 23rd December 2012


Content of this presentation

International Drivers

Development of Requirements

Donor Bank Requirements

International Requirements

Regional Environmental Assessments

International Environmental Assessments


International Drivers of EA

Evolution of Policy- Key Events

1970 OECD Environmental Committee – Advise on growth

and development in harmony with the environment.

1972 UN Stockholm Convention

Declaration on Human Environment

1974 OECD Declarations on Environmental Policy – prev.

future environmental degradation – prior assessment

1978 OECD added to the Policy recommendation to

strengthen international cooperation in border regions

1979 OECD Recommendation to member government

(broadly) to add substantive measures (laws and policies)

for prior assessment of projects.


e.g.

UNEP - United Nations

Environmental Programme

An approach to

environmental impact

assessment of projects

By 1990 - Key

stages of

established


e.g.

US fish and wildlife

service – Habitat

evaluation procedure

(1986)

Habitat size and quality

were combined to define

project impacts

Also agencies

developing other

focused

approaches to EA

Define study

limits

Determine

baseline habitat

units

Determine future

habitat units

Compare

baseline areas

Compare

proposed actions

Develop

compensation plan

Compare

baseline areas

Determine relative

value (optional)


UN ECE 1992 –

EIA Process (Europe)

Recognizes EA as a

tool to assist decision

making

Policy to conduct EA

is established

Strategy - recommend

member countries to

develop procedures

United Nations

EIA Process Planning for

proposed

activity

Environmental

review of

proposed

activity

Decision

regarding

proposed

activity

Activity may proceed

under specified

conditions

Activity may NOT

proceed

Impliment-

ation phase

of activity

Preconstruction,

construction,

operation and

decommissioning

Post Project Analysis


Environmental Report Contents

Description of Project and Alternatives

Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Information Disclosure, Consultation, Participation

Policy and Legal Framework

Description of Environment

Grievance Redress Mechanism

Environmental Management Plan

STOP

1 minute


Donor Agencies

Multilateral Development Banks (MDB) World Bank (International bank for

Asian Development Bank

European Investment Bank

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

Multilateral Financial Institutions (MFI) European Commission

Interenational Fund for Agricultural Development

Nordic Investment Bank

OPEC Fund for International Develoepment

Bilateral Development Agencies

USAID, AusAID, AFD (France) DFID (UK). Emphasis - harmonization donors & alignment with country

systems growing working towards Milenium Development Goals


Donor Bank Requirements Requirements for assessment of many

banks and institutions are based on

IFC requirements and World Bank

Group

International Finance Corporation performance standards on social and

environmental sustainability

framework,

World Bank Group - Environmental

Health and Safety Guidelines

Equator Principles – EPFIs commit

to not providing loans where borrower

will not or is unable to comply with

their respective social and

environmental policies and

procedures (http://www.equator-

principles.com/index.php/about-ep/about-ep)


World Bank Requirements

World Bank Safeguard Policies


ADB Requirements Asian Development Bank Safeguard Policies

Environmental Guidelines 1990s (informal)

Environmental Policy 2002

Involuntary Resettlement

Indigenous Peoples

Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003

Handbook on Resettlement 1998

Indigenous Peoples all superseded by

Safeguard Policy Statement 2009

Understand Terminology

Environmental Assessment is required for all stages of ADB

operations and especially technical assistance (other MFIs)


International definitions of terms

http://www.iaia.org/publications-resources/multilingual-glossary-ia.aspx

IAIA - GLOSSARY http://web2.concordia.ca/iaia/


Region International Laws

Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal


Needs regional focus for assessment

Environmental inputs to RETA can take a similar origin

Regional Technical Assistance

India India

Bangladesh

Bhutan Nepal

Information is presented in regional context – appropriate detail


Policy and Legal Framework

c2000 - most countries in Region have key legislation


Description of Projects - Roads


Description of Projects - Rail


Description of Projects - Waterways



Protected Areas



Elephant Corridors


Regional Assessment - land

Roads

Railways

Protected Areas & Elephant Corridors

OBJECTIVE

Identify potential constraints

to development

Develop criteria for route

comparisons assessment


Regional Criteria

Criteria apply to regional & national projects.

Criteria proposed measure the environmental risks

associated with projects:

Proximity of projects to protected areas

National laws or international treaty for biodiversity,

Wildlife sanctuary, reserved forest,

Elephant corridors, wetlands, estuarine, mangrove,

(e.g. Sunderbans National Park)

Geological formations, geological park

Cultural heritage site.

Population affected by the project & exposed to air &

noise pollution.

Impact associated to the magnitude of the project works.


Regional Assessment - water

Mongla

Haldia

Avoid development

of routes through

Sundarbans PAs

Develop

necessary

mitigation for

no net loss of

ecological

function


ADB Project – Power Sector

Power Grid Development Project - Existing

Completed in 1970s

OBJECTIVE

To improve

power supply &

reliability of

service for the

future


ADB Project – Power Sector

Power Grid Development Project - Existing

Rouna 1

Sirinumu Dam

Additional system capacity

Reduce loads on substations

Improve power system reliability, Provide future

system load growth

Sirinumu Dam

Completed in 1970s

Power Grid Development Project

Replacement of existing facilities. Sirinumu

T.O.D.

(all existing)

Intake gate

Turbine

Generator

Cone valve

Intake gate

Turbine

Generator

Cone valve

all at toe of dam

Sirinumu Dam


Replacement of existing facilities –

Why EA?

OUTSIDE

– reprovision existing

Toe of dam

Dismantling and testing generator

Replacement of generator

Replacement of cone valve

Initial Environmental Assessment - Environmental management plan & mitigation measures


Replacement of existing facilities OR

Alternatively capture power from cone valve

Spare

cone

valve

Additional turbine and generator mean

Change of environmental flow to river – need EIA


Expansion of facilities – EIA to assess and

mitigate impact on river ecology (recovered) River ecology has settled after initial disturbance.

Birds, fish & flora present represented by broad range of species.

ASSESS

Impacts of changes in timing and amount of release water

Cone

valve

(c) 2012 - [email protected]

Power Grid Development Project – RoR 1

Modify header pond outlet

(within existing

header pond area)


Power Grid Development Project – RoR 1

Construct

replacement

Turbine hall

Install replacement turbine OR

Why EA?

Within RoR 1 facility


PGDP Compliance Audit – Why? SPS requires compliance audit for existing operating projects.

Covers environment and/or social.

On-site assessment, identify past or present concerns related to

impacts on the environment, involuntary resettlement, and

indigenous peoples.

Objective Determine whether actions were in accordance with

ADB’s safeguard principles.

Requirements for borrowers/clients and to identify and plan

appropriate measures to address outstanding compliance issues.

IF Non-compliance identified –

Corrective Action Plan prepared and agreed by ADB and the

borrower.

Plan defines necessary remedial actions,

budget for actions, and

time frame for resolution of noncompliance.

The audit report made available to the public (SPS)


PGDP IEE and EMP – TOD and RoR 1

Environmental Management Plan

Transport materials and equipment

Contractors yard on site

Waste management

Storage of materials

Toilets and canteen

Dust from works

Noise from works

Contractors accommodation

Keep roads open – transport plan

Small area – three containers

Waste removed from site

Deliver as need - contractor yard only

Cleaned daily – emptied weekly

Works indoors – outside not dusty

Outside dismantling and replacement

Commute - Sogeri Lodge / Kokda Motel

IMPACTS MITIGATION MEASURES

Cascade Management Study - in progress


Thank You

Reindeer?

It’s a Takin - Bhutan

Happy

Christmas !

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