environmental aspects on plastics
TRANSCRIPT
SARATH K NAIR
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OVERVIEWWASTE MANAGEMENT
WHAT ARE WASTES
KINDS OF WASTES
DEFINITION CLASSIFICATION OF WASTES ACCORDING TO TEIR PROPERTIES
SOURCES OF WASTES
DESIGN AND DISADVANTAGES OF PLASTICS
BIODEGRADABILITY OF PLASTICS
ORGANIC WASTES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
RECYCLING,DEGRADATION,LANDFILLS AND REGENERATION PROCESSES
ARE U A SCIENTIST?
FUTURE
THANKS
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Waste Management:ORANIC AND PLASTICS
PLASTIC
The word plastics is from the Greek word Plastikos, meaning “able to be shaped and molded”
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What are Wastes?
Basel Convention Definition of Wastes
“substances or objects which are disposed of or are intended to be disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of the law”
Disposal means
“any operation which may lead to resource recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or alternative uses (Annex IVB of the Basel convention)”
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Kinds of Wastes
Solid wastes: domestic, commercial and industrial wastes especially common as co-disposal of wastes
Examples: plastics, styrofoam containers, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and
other trash
Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form
Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds, manufacturing industries and other sources
DEFINITIONS
Biodegradable waste
Biodegradable industrial waste
Biodegradable municipal waste
Waste from agriculture
Waste from forestry
Manure
Sewage sludge
Paper and cardboard
Bio-waste
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Classification of Wastes according to their Properties
Bio-degradable
can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)
Non-biodegradable
cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines,
cans, styrofoam containers and others)
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Sources of Wastes
Households
Commerce and Industry
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Sources of Wastes
Agriculture
Fisheries
Why Design with Plastics?
Corrosion resistance
Low electrical and thermal conductivity, insulator
Easily formed into complex shapes, can be formed, casted and joined.
Wide choice of appearance, colors and transparencies
Light weight, high weight to strength ratio, particularly when reinforced
Relatively low cost compared to metals and composites
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Disadvantages of using Plastics
Low strength
Low useful temperature range (up to 600 oF)
Less dimensional stability over period of time (creep effect)
Aging effect, hardens and become brittle over time
Sensitive to environment, moisture and chemicals
Poor machinability
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IS IT BIODEGRADABLE?
Plastics are non biodegradable because of the ingredients used to manufacture them.
Polymer is the major part of the plastics.
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Poly Lactic Acid (PLA)
ORGANIC WASTES
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Organic wastes originate from plant or animal sources.
Food scraps, garden waste, sewage, paper and wood are
examples of organic waste .
Organic waste can be recycled. Compost, biochar, soil
conditioners and biogas are some of the products that can
be produced from recovered organic waste.
Biochar is a type of charcoal which is produced when
natural organic materials, such as crop waste, wood chips or
manure, are heated in an oxygen-limited environment. This
process is referred to as pyrolysis.
Biogas is the gas produced when organic matter
decomposes in the absence of oxygen.17
MUST AWARE THESE…..
the expansion of energy production from
Organic wastes
taking action to address greenhouse gas
emissions from organic wastes, and
standards and guidance for organic waste
products such as mulch, compost and soil
conditioners to increase their uptake in
consumermarkets.
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RecyclingReprocessing and refabrication of a material that has been used and discarded by a consumer
Postcunsumer recycle (PCR)
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RecyclingCollection
Handling/Sorting
Reclamation/Cleaning
End uses
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DegradationPlastics that can break down into smaller molecules by natural means are degradable
Degraded byproducts are sometimes more dangerous than original product
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Landfills
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RegenerationBreaking down the polymer molecules in the plastic in the basic chemicals
The chemicals are then used to create new polymers
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ARE U A SCIENTIST?Take two beaker A and B.
Put moist soil in the both.
Put organic waste in the beaker A and Plastic in beaker B.
After a week or two you will find that the organic waste are decomposed while the plastics are not.
This proves that organic waste is biodegredabe and plastic is not.
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[Jeanne Gallagher] photographer, Cynthia Vanderlip
[Jeanne Gallagher] unknown--Courtesy of Algalita Marine Research Foundation
The detrimental effects of macro-plastics
on wildlife are well documented,
particularly in aquatic environments.
Seal entangled in plastic Photographer unknown
Snapping turtle deformed by plastic
Albatross chick ingesting plastic
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“Plastic debris is accumulating in terrestrial and aquatic habitats worldwide. This debris is progressively fragmenting into smaller
pieces…The abundance in the water column has increased considerably over the last 40 years, and this trend mirrors the global rise in plastic
production.” (Browne, Galloway & Thompson, 2009)
[Jeanne Gallagher] Courtesy of Algalita Marine Research Foundation
Microscopic plastic particles30
“…filter-feeding animals, such as mucous webfeeding jellies and salps, were…heavily
impacted by plastic fragments... Filter feeders are at the lower end of the food chain, …fifty species of fish and many turtles are known to
eat them… accumulating plastic in their stomachs.” (Tamanaha & Moore, 2007)
[Jeanne Gallagher] Courtesy of Algalita Marine Research Foundation
Microplastic in the
digestive tract of an
amphipod
Salp ingestion of plastic
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Micro-plastics translocated from the gut to the hemolymph of a species of mussel (Mytilus edulis) persisted for over 48 days
Predators of mussels:
• birds
• crabs
• starfish
• predatory whelks
• humans
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“…medical studies on both rodents and humans have also shown that particles of polyvinylchloride and polystyrene less than
150 µm can translocate from the gut cavity to their lymph and circulatory systems.” (Browne et. al., 2008)
Micro-particles of plastic
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FutureRational analysis of each product type and its own particular use
Be open to suggestions from environmental lobbyists
Put aside emotional issues in favor of reasoned positions based on scientific principles
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FRIENDS ..EARTH IS NOW IN YOUR HANDS…MAKE IT A HEAVEN....
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