environmental and health problems associated with artisanal mining in kenya:case study macalder...
DESCRIPTION
Mercury: Causes serious health problems- central nervous system, mental illness, kidneys, death. Development of fetus, visual,memory, attention, speech among children, affects aquatic food chains- it has protein binding properties Arsenic and lead cause vision and speech impairment, nervous disorder, organ failure, death. Arsenic is a carcinogen. Artisanal mining causes water siltation, land degradation, deforestation, diversion of rivers, destruction of aquatic life habitat and widespread mercury pollution. January 28, 2016 Mutono Nyamai A60/67837/2013 3TRANSCRIPT
ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ARTISANAL MINING IN KENYA:CASE STUDY MACALDER MINES IN MIGORI.
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Introduction and literature review. Artisanal mining- minimal or no
mechanization.
13 million people are small scale miners.
Amalgamation method used.
The process discharges 1000 tons of Hg per annum( 300-atmosphere, 700- soils & rivers)
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Mercury: Causes serious health problems- central nervous system, mental illness, kidneys, death. Development of fetus, visual ,memory, attention, speech among children, affects aquatic food chains- it has protein binding properties
Arsenic and lead cause vision and speech impairment, nervous disorder, organ failure, death. Arsenic is a carcinogen.
Artisanal mining causes water siltation, land degradation, deforestation, diversion of rivers, destruction of aquatic life habitat and widespread mercury pollution.
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Statement of the research problem.
Gold mining in Kenya is done using amalgamation process.
The rock ores in Kenya have sulphur minerals which react with water, producing sulphuric acid.
Mercury is also held with bare hands.-little awareness.
A high population in Migori County is associated with gold mining- 563,033 where 47% are miners.
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General Objective To determine the relationship between
environmental health (protecting the natural environment for the benefit of human health) and gold mining.
H0-There is no relationship between environmental health and artisanal gold mining.
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Specific Objectives: To determine the levels of mercury, lead
and arsenic in soil and water in Macalder Mines in Migori District.
H1-There is no difference in the levels of environmental contamination with heavy metals between gold mining areas and non-gold mining areas.
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Specific Objectives To determine the illnesses among
artisan miners in Migori District
H2-Prevalence of human health problems is not different among artisan gold miners and non-gold miners.
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Methodology.To determine the levels of mercury, lead and arsenic in soil and water in Macalder Mines in Migori District.
Transect walk of Migori area with use of a GPS-Soil sampling and analysis- use of FAO guidelines.Water sampling and analysis- use of FAO guildelines.
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To determine theillnesses among miners in Migori District.
Key informant interviews that will help in understanding the different kinds of illnesses common in the area.
2-3 district health officers One ministry of health representative
Questionnaires among mining and non-mining households so as to find out the common illnesses. (120 questionnaires.)
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Analysis Questionnaires- use of SPSS statistics
software Soil and water sample analysis- add
Hydrochloric acid in the samples and test for heavy metals.
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Key.
12Timeline
Budget.Item Price Quantity Total Budget Equipment - Falcon tubes and
laboratory reagents for soil and water sampling
Ksh. 65,000
1 1
Ksh.65,000
Travel expenses Food
andAccommodation
Ksh. 5,000Ksh. 1500
130 days
Ksh.5,000Ksh.45,000
Stationery- includes paper, printing
Ksh. 5,000 1 Ksh. 5,000
Data collection and analysis
Local assistant
Ksh.150,000 Ksh.1000
1
20 days
Ksh. 150,000 Ksh. 20,000
Thesis/ Manuscript Publication
Ksh.60,000 1 Ksh. 60,000
Miscellaneous Ksh 20,000 1 Ksh 20,000 Total Ksh 370,000.
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