ENVIRONMENT, DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND FORESTS

Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy

Dr. W. G.Prasanna Kumar

Dr. K. Tirupataiah

Strategic Location

Most safe and secure location

in India

GONDWANA LAND

DECCAN PLATEAU

ElevatedWell drainedPleasant climate

OUR NATURAL HERITAGE

RELIEF MAP

CLIMATE CHANGE VARIABILITY IN SEMI-ARID REGIONS

Precipitation is less than

potential evapotranspiration.

Low annual rainfall of 25 to 60

centimeters and having scrubby

vegetation with short, coarse

grasses; not completely arid.

CLIMATE CHANGE VARIABILITY IN SEMI-ARID REGIONS

Climate Variability and extremes

The people vulnerable to droughts

Increasing crop failures, dislocation, famine, poverty & social inequities.

In 2009 witnessed

• 50 years old

drought

• 100 years old

flood

SOILS

PEOPLE OF TELANGANA

PEACEFUL, TOLERANT AND HARD WORKING

HIGHLY ADAPTIVE

HIGHLY MOBILE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

(The Brundtland Commission,1987)

Capitals

Global Climate Change and Urbanization

1900

15% urban

2000

~50% urban

LESS VISUAL BUT WITH MAJOR IMPACT

> Temperature increase

> Less & erratic rain

Agriculture and food security

Crop yields, irrigation demands...

Forest

Composition, health and productivity...

Water resources

Water supply, water quality...

Species and natural areas

Biodiversity, modification of ecosystems...Human health

Infectious diseases, human settlements...

Consequences of

climate change:

MAJOR CONCERNS

DROUGHT PROOFINGRURAL

• SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS

ENVIRONMENTURBAN

• SUSTAINABLE HABITATS

RURAL CHALLENGES

Climate change -variability -

extremes

Soil fertility Water management

Impact of hazardous

pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers

Burning of crop residue

Alkalinity of soils

Mahabubnagar District Rainfall Pattern

y = -4.6207x + 851.14

R2 = 0.1374

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DROUGHT

Skewed distribution of rainfall – 40% deficit from June-August which is the sowing season

Depletion of ground water situation

Untimely heavy rains during Sept – Oct affects the crops

Lack of Rainfall during November-December adversely affects Rabi sowings

0% 20% 40% 60%

Drought

Crop Failure

Crop Disease

Drop in crop prices

Bad investment

0% 10% 20% 30%

Wait for rain before sow

Seek non-farm w ork

Sow less

Sow substitute crops

Don't sow (fallow )

Weighted self-reports:“What are the major sources of risk faced by your household?

Weighted self-reports:“If it does not rain, what do you do?”

Challenges

Sector Challenges

Environmen

t

Solid Waste management, Sewage

treatment, air pollution,

Industrial environmental

compliance

Disaster

Management

Recurring Droughts, urban floods,

eroding natural resources

Forests Degradation, competing demands

for deforestation, raising forest

cover outside forest area, urban

greenery

•

ENVIRONMENT MAJOR CHALLENGES

Air Quality in Indian Cities

US Embassy New Delhi - AQI 133 on 4/30/2015 9:00:00 PM

US Consulate Hyderabad - AQI 140 on 4/30/2015 9:00:00 PM

US Consulate Chennai - AQI 58 on 4/30/2015 9:00:00 PM

US Consulate Kolkata - AQI 87 on 4/30/2015 9:00:00 PM

US Consulate Mumbai - AQI 137 on 4/30/2015 9:00:00 PM

Solid Waste in cities in India

Environmental Challenges:

• Sewage Untreated: 1370 MLD Sewage in GHMC area with 600 MLD treatment capacity

• 10 MLD STP required for 1 lakh population

• 1 MLD cost Rs 1 Crore and O& M per year Rs 20 lakhs

• 6000 Industries under PCB Monitoring

• Introduction of Clean Fuels, CNG Buses, Metro rail, Fly overs seamless traffic flow, 15 years or older vehicles ban from urban areas

DISASTER MANAGEMENTMAJOR CHALLENGES

SAND MINING

Dealing with Waste management in

School

Engaging in School based activity

ENVIRONMENT: BEST PRACTICES

Japan's Fukuoka Method Implemented In The FSM

Disaster Management : Best Practices

Way Forward : Improved Stoves:

Way Forward: Adaptation : Polyhouse, Green House & SWAR

Way Forward: Weather Based Crop Insurance

Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy

saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com

6th September 2013

Way Forward: BIOCHAR

Biochar is another name for charcoal used for purposes other than combustion.

Like all charcoal, biochar is created by the pyrolysis of biomass.

Way Forward: BIOCHAR APPLICATION

SOIL CARBON INCREASE

MOISTURE CONSERVATION

FERTILIZERS CONSERVATION

INCREASE IN YIELD

Way Forward: CONSERVATION OF URBAN WATER BODIES

Way Forward: FLOATIGATION

Way Forward: FLOATIGATION

Way Forward: FLOATIGATION

Way Forward: Floating Garden and Parks

Perforated pipe

Sand

Biochar

Gravel

Way Forward: SEWAGIGATION

Road

Sewerage

Clean water for irrigation

Drip Irrigation

Way Forward: SEWAGIGATION

Way Forward: SEWAGIGATION

CITY

River

Catchment of city

Green Belt

Ringroad

Cascades

Way Forward: Future cities – annular / circular / segregated

water harvesting water bodies

Way Forward: Roads as Water Sources for Filling Urban Water Bodies

Way Forward:

Way Forward: OUTER RING ROAD – 158 KMS LENGTH

PROPOSED REGIONAL RING ROAD – 290 KMS

POTENTIAL FOR ~100 WATER BODIES CREATION

Way Forward: Roads as

Dams

Way Forward: Way Forward: River Front Development

Way Forward: WATER USE EFFICIENCY

MONITORING WATER AND

ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS

MONITORING

MANAGEMENT

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS

Way Forward: Monitoring the flows

Way Forward:

Way Forward: Monitoring the flows

Solar Power

Arduino, SIM 900,

Battery, Temp and

Relative Humidity

sensor

Bowman Water Tube

with ultrasonic sensor

RBC Flume with

ultrasonic sensor

ClimaAdapt Project, Kondrapole, Miryalaguda, Nalgonda

Way Forward:

Water Level in Field water tube (Bowman) using ultrasonic sensor

Way Forward:

Way Forward: AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATION

Way Forward: AWARENESS TO CHILDRREN ON WATER CONSERVATION & MONITORING

ClimaAdapt Project, Kondrapole, Miryalaguda, Nalgonda

Glow Level for Tube wells –Colour LEDs for different levels of water in the tube wells

Way Forward:

SOIL MOISTURE MEASUREMENT IN THE SOIL

Way Forward:

Way Forward:

Way Forward:

NAPCC – Match NATIONAL MISSIONSNational Solar Mission: Development and use of solar energy for power generation

National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency: yield savings of 10,000 MW.

National Mission on Sustainable Habitat: energy efficiency for urban planning.

National Water Mission: 20% improvement in water use efficiency: Water Grid

Way Forward:

NAPCC – Match National MissionsNational Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem

National Mission for a “Green India”: afforestation of 6 million hectares of forest cover from 23% to 33% Haritha Haram

National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture: climate-resilient crops, weather insurance and agriculture : Mission Kakatiya

National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change for a better understanding.

Way Forward:

FORESTS

Important forest species

• Teak is the important species growing in, Adilabad, Nizamabad, Warangal, Karimnagar and Khammam.

• Fine quality of bamboo is available in the districts of khammam, Mahaboobnagar, Adilabad, warangal,

• Abnus leaf (Beedi leaf) major MFP in Telangana

• custard apples- a livelihoods source

LESS VISUAL BUT WITH MAJOR IMPACT

> Temperature increase

> Less & erratic rain

Agriculture and food security

Crop yields, irrigation demands...

Forest

Composition, health and productivity...Water resources

Water supply, water quality...

Species and natural areas

Biodiversity, modification of ecosystems...Human health

Infectious diseases, human settlements...

Consequences of

climate change:

NAPCC - National Missions

National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem

National Mission for a “Green India”: afforestation of 6 million hectares of forest cover from 23% to 33%National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture: climate-resilient crops, weather insurance and agriculture.

National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change for a better understanding.

Important forest species

• Teak is the important species growing in, Adilabad, Nizamabad, Warangal, Karimnagar and Khammam.

• Fine quality of bamboo is available in the districts of khammam, Mahaboobnagar, Adilabad, warangal,

• Abnus leaf (Beedi leaf) major MFP in Telangana

• custard apples- a livelihoods source

FORESTS MAJOR CHALLENGES

Challenges

Sector Challenges

Environment Solid Waste management, Sewage treatment, air

pollution, Industrial environmental compliance

Disaster

Management

Recurring Droughts, urban floods, eroding natural

resources

Forests Degradation, competing demands

for deforestation, raising forest

cover outside forest area, urban

greenery

Telangana ku HARITHA HAARAM

• Aim: to increase green cover up to 33% of Geographical Area (present 25.16%)

• 230 crore saplings ( 100 cr inside forest, 120 cr outside forest, 10 cr urban areas)

• 40 lakh saplings per assembly constituency

• Out lay Rs.800 cr/year

• 2015-16 : 41 cr saplings

• 3300 nurseries

• FD, DWMA, Agriculture, Horticulture, TW depts

Telangana ku HARITHA HAARAM• Forest area

• Protection, afforestation (blanks), rejuvenation (degraded), SMC, plantation in RoFR areas

• Outside forest• Avenue, institutional, Barren hills, Tank

foreshores, river banks, homestead & industrial, agro-forestry, Smrithivanams, urban residential areas

Best Practices- GREAT GREEN WALL OF CHINA

• To raise 90 million acres of new forest

• A Band stretching 2800 miles across North China

• Largest ecological restoration project in the world

• Aim to arrest spread of Gobi desert and “yellow dragons’(dust storms) in to Beijing

• Period 1978 till 2050

GREAT GREEN WALL OF CHINA• Criticism

• Monoculture, no biodiversity

• Non-native species, loss of native species

• Depletion of groundwater further

• Massive death of trees after initial growth

GREAT GREEN WALL OF CHINA• Alternative• Nurturing land by land itself (Jiang Gaoming,

ecologist), Ex: Inner Mongolia Hunshandak sandy land project

• Prevent further degradation and allow natural growth .

• Conservation International & China Centre for Nature and Society- 100,000 sq. mile ecosystem restoration from conifers to grasslands

• 12,000 acres restored so far

• 5 projects taken up in collaboration mode

THAR DESERT OF INDIA• 2.34 million sq.kms area

• Spreading @ 12,000 ha /year

• Moving towards Delhi @ 0.5 kms per year

• CAZRI/AFRI took up ‘stabilization of shifting sand dunes’, created micro-climates, tree-screens and shelterbelts

• 649 kms of Indira Nahar canal runs in the desert

THAR DESERT OF INDIA• Central Arid Zone Research Institute,

Jodhpur

• Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur• To develop techniques for rain water harvesting

in arid areas.

• To develop technology for afforestation on stress sites.

• Eco-stabilization of deserts with emphasis on sand dune fixation.

• To develop techniques for production of high quality planting material.

Social Forestry in Malaysia

• In the Peninsula, social forestry programmes are designed to provide amenity through the establishment of recreational parks within the Permanent Forest Estate, urban planting of trees for aesthetic values and the planting of traditional fruit trees along forest fringes by the rural communities, primarily to create local awareness on the importance of forestry to their living environment.

• In short, social forestry development programmes will be most likely to succeed in areas where an integrated approach is being taken towards rural development; where these perceived needs are being met and where forestry is included as part of an overall development package.

Ideas for consideration

• Can Forest Department, TS alone handle ‘Haritha Haaram’?

• Collaboration with national organisations like –CRIDA, CAZRI, AFRI

• Collaboration with International organisations like- ICRISAT, Climate Community & Biodiversity Alliance (CCBA) and Conservational International

• Set up a centre for dryland agriculture research in Professor Jayashankar TSAU

Ideas for consideration

• Review the past efforts• Wastelands development programme,GoI

• CIDA social forestry in our state

• consider• Multi-culture, not monoculture

• Native species, not non-natives

• Multi-purpose plants, not non-grazing type

• Farming systems approach

Forests: Agro Forestry & Silvipasture

URBAN ROOFTOPGARDENS

Thank you..