environment issue-oil spill

8/7/2019 Environment issue-Oil Spill

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Millions gallons crude oil vs.The Ocean


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OIL SPILL

Presented By : Roll No.Reshma Dhulap 05

Rupali Howal 15

Deepa Singh 48Neha Mahadule 28

Vaishali Nagare 30

Guided By :

Proff: Sharma

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OIL SPILL

It is a mass of floating oil covering an area of water, especially

oil that has leaked or discharged from a ship or liquid

petroleum hydrocarbon from an oil tanker, Commonly

referred to as marine oil spills and a form of pollution, they

include releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms,

drilling rigs and wells, as well as spills of refined petroleum

products gasoline and diesel-and heavier fuels used by large

ships, such as bunker fuel, or the spill of any oily refuse or

waste oil.

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How do spills happen?

Oil spills into rivers, bays, and the ocean are caused by

accidents involving tankers, barges, pipelines, refineries, and

storage facilities, usually while the oil is being transported to us,

its users.

During oil spills many things are affected.

One of the major things being animals and birds in the sea.

Fish, shrimp, and crabs, penguins and other water birds, sea otters,

sea lions, seals, and killer whales.

The oil gets into their bodies and they die of suffocation.

All these creatures swallow the oil and also breathe in the poisonous

fumes.

Their bodies become coated with oil and thousands of these die in

no time.

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Spills can be caused by:

During the transport of oil across

oceans.

Oil spills can occur during Otherphases of production,

People making mistakes or being

careless.

Equipment breaking down.

Illegal dumping.

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What Does An Oil Spill Do?

Effects on the Coastline

Perhaps the most visual part of an oil spill is the harsh effects oil has on

the coastline. Pictures of oil covered birds and sea mammals are

common. Oil is thick and sticks to everything it touches.

Oil covers everything right down to a grain of sand. Every rock, piece of

driftwood, saw grass, sand, soil, and microscopic habitat is destroyed or

affected by the thick oil that washes ashore after a spill. Oil spills affect

the coastal habitat from the smallest shells up to the largest boulders.

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Effects on the Water

Oil spills affect water in a variety of ways.

When oil is released into water, it does not blend with the water. Oil floats on

the surface of salt and fresh water.

Over a very short period of time, the oil spreads out into a very thin layer

across the surface of the water.

This layer, called a slick, expands until the oil layer is extremely thin.

It then thins even more. This layer is called a sheen and is usually less than

0.01 mm thick.

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When oil is spilled or leaked into in waterways and the ocean, it spreads

very quickly with the help of wind and currents. A single gallon of oil can

create an oil slick up to a couple of acres in size

After the sheen breaks down, a moderate amount of oil will break down

and be deposited on the bottom of the ocean. This usually happens inshallow water. Certain types of microbes will break apart and consume

the oil, but this in no way makes up for the damage done during the spill.

In addition, when oil breaks apart and sinks to the ocean floor, it

contaminates the underwater habitat, too.

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Effects on Marine Life and Wildlife

When oil floats on the water surface, a marine mammal that surfaces in the

center of the slick ingests the oil. Marine and coastal life can be contaminated in

a number of ways, through poison by ingestion, destruction of habitat and direct

contact with oil. When oil starts mixing in water, it can change composition and becomes what's

known as "mousse". This is a sticky substance that clings even more to whatever it

comes in contact with. Many marine animals don't know to avoid a slick and

some fish may even be attracted to it as it can resemble food.

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Some of the many effects on animals coming into contact with crude oil

include:

Hypothermia and drowning of birds as the oil breaks down the insulating capabilities

of feathers, makes them heavier and compromises flying ability

Hypothermia in some seal pups as the oil destroys insulating fur If oil is ingested, it can either poison the animal outright, make them extremely sick or

create a level of toxins in their system that then causes poisoning further up the food

chain. Birds and other animals often ingest oil when trying to clean themselves.

Shellfish and corals are particularly at risk in these scenarios as they cannot escape

from an oil slick.

Damage to the airways of birds and animals. Damage to animal immune systems

Interruption of breeding and fouling of breeding grounds

Thinner bird and turtle egg shells and also damage to fish larvae, causing deformities

Damage to sea grass beds and other shelter/feeding areas

Tainting of algae, which perform a vital role in waterway ecosystems

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Worlds major Oil Spills

The GulfWar oil spill

Location:- Persian Gulf

Date:- January 21, 1991

Cause:- Action taken by Iraq military.Tones of Crude Oil:- 1,360,0001,500,000

M/T Haven Tanker Spill

Location:- Genoa, Italy.

Date:- April 11, 1991

Cause:- sinking due to explosion.

Effects:- Polluted Mediterranean sea for

next 12 years.

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Oil Spills In India

Paradip Spill

Date:- 12 September, 2009

Location:- 5 kms off Paradip port. (BoB)

Cause:- Sinking ( MV Black Rose) freighter. Effect:- threat to rare Olive Ridley turtles.

August 2009, Crude Oil Spill in Gujarat, due to undersea pipeline burst.

August 2006, light crude Spill off the Nicobar port, due to collision of 2 tankers.

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MSC Chitra oil spill

Location:- Mumbai

Date:- August 7, 2010

Tones of Crude Oil:- It had a cargo of 1,219 containers holding

2662 tonnes of fuel, 283 tonnes of diesel and 88040 litres oflubricant oil.

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Prevention Technique

Seafood Sensory Training -

Used to detect oil in seafood, inspectors and regulators are being trained to sniff

out seafood tainted by oil and make sure the product reaching consumers is safe

to eat.

Secondary containment -Used to prevent releases of oil or hydrocarbons into environment.

Oil Spill Prevention Containment and Countermeasures (SPCC) program by the

United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Double-hulling

build double hulls into vessels, which reduces the risk and severity of a spill in

case of a collision or grounding. Existing single-hull vessels can also be rebuilt to

have a double hull.

Skimmers-

These are things that skim the slick (oil) off the top of the water. Boomers- areinflatable, rubber blockades that trap the oil, so it is easier to skim.

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Spill Containment Methods:

Booms - floating barriers to oil. They are

commonly placed:

across a narrow entrance to the ocean, so that

oil can't pass through into sensitive habitat.

In places where the boom can deflect oil away

from sensitive locations. (nesting habitats)

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In-situ burning-of anoil slick, or part

of a slick, before itreaches the coast.

This technique works bestwhenthe

oil is fresh and the weather relatively

calm.

Skimmers -are boats and other devices

thatcanremove oil from the sea

surface before itreaches sensitive areasalonga coastline.

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Dispersants:

Chemicals thatdisperse the oil into the water column, so thatmuch less stays

atthesurface.

Dispersants aremosteffectivewhenused withinanhour or two oftheinitial

spill.

Itcanaffectmarineorganisms likedeepwater corals and seagrass. Itcanalso

causeoil to betemporarily accumulated by sub tidal seafood.

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Any Questions?

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