env day quiz
TRANSCRIPT
Environment Day Quiz
This species of bird native to North America was considered to have been one of the most numerous birds on earth. Intensive shooting and the destruction of the birds’natural breeding ground brought about a sudden fall in their numbers. The last of this species on earth died in a zoo in Circinnati in 1914. Name this bird. The passenger pigeon The Bald eagle The Egret The Falcon
This species of bird native to North America was considered to have been one of the most numerous birds on earth. Intensive shooting and the destruction of the birds’natural breeding ground brought about a sudden fall in their numbers. The last of this species on earth died in a zoo in Circinnati in 1914. Name this bird. The passenger pigeon The Bald eagle The Egret The Falcon
Which is the first state to implement the path-breaking proposal that environment should be included as a separate subject in schools? Delhi Maharashtra Kerala Tamil Nadu
Which is the first state to implement the path-breaking proposal that environment should be included as a separate subject in schools? Delhi
Maharashtra Kerala Tamil Nadu
Name the gas released from landfills, decaying organic matter under shallow water in marshes and bogs, flooded paddy fields, by ruminant animals & termites, and by the burning of biomass. A molecule of this gas has 21 times more global warming potential than a molecule of CO2. Sulphur dioxide Methane Ammonia Nitrous Oxide
Name the gas released from landfills, decaying organic matter under shallow water in marshes and bogs, flooded paddy fields, by ruminant animals & termites, and by the burning of biomass. A molecule of this gas has 21 times more global warming potential than a molecule of CO2. Sulphur dioxide Methane Ammonia Nitrous Oxide
In the world’s worst nuclear accident in 1986, 31 people died, 129 others suffered acute radiation and many thousands are expected to die prematurely as a result of exposure to radiation released from the stricken plant. Name the site of this mishap.
Three Mile Island, USA Chernobyl, erstwhile Soviet Union Bhopal, India Windscale, UK
In the world’s worst nuclear accident in 1986, 31 people died, 129 others suffered acute radiation and many thousands are expected to die prematurely as a result of exposure to radiation released from the stricken plant. Name the site of this mishap.
Three Mile Island, USA Chernobyl, erstwhile Soviet Union Bhopal, India Windscale, UK
Name the metal contained in broken fluorescent bulbs, tube lights and dead batteries which gets transported with common municipal solid waste and can be easily swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin and can cause damage to the kidneys and nervous system. Copper Cadmium Mercury Arsenic
Name the metal contained in broken fluorescent bulbs, tube lights and dead batteries which gets transported with common municipal solid waste and can be easily swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin and can cause damage to the kidneys and nervous system. Copper Cadmium Mercury Arsenic
The Geysers, a large steam reservoir north of San Francisco, USA, is the world's largest source of Coal Geothermal power Hydropower Natural gas
The Geysers, a large steam reservoir north of San Francisco, USA, is the world's largest source of Coal Geothermal power Hydropower Natural gas
The Wildlife Week is celebrated from
2-8 October 1-7 June 16-22 April 14-20 January
The Wildlife Week is celebrated from
2-8 October 1-7 June 16-22 April 14-20 January
Cataract blinds at least 120 million people globally every year. What is its main cause?
Heredity Ultraviolet radiation Unbalanced diet Gasoline fumes
Cataract blinds at least 120 million people globally every year. What is its main cause?
Heredity Ultraviolet radiation Unbalanced diet Gasoline fumes
The following pollutant is not contained in the vehicular exhaust emissions: Lead Ammonia Carbon monoxide Particulate matter
The following pollutant is not contained in the vehicular exhaust emissions: Lead Ammonia Carbon monoxide Particulate matter
Diesel exhaust is the main source of three highly toxic pollutants that have a widespread impact on the urban air quality and human health. Name them SPM,Sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Suspended particulate matter(SPM), benzene Sulphur dioxide,Ammonia,Benzene Lead, NOx,CO2
Diesel exhaust is the main source of three highly toxic pollutants that have a widespread impact on the urban air quality and human health. Name them SPM,Sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Suspended particulate matter(SPM), benzene Sulphur dioxide,Ammonia,Benzene Lead, NOx,CO2
Bhopal gas tragedy struck in the year 1984 due to the leakage of the following gas: methyl-iso-cyanate nitrous oxide methane carbon monoxide
Bhopal gas tragedy struck in the year 1984 due to the leakage of the following gas: methyl-iso-cyanate nitrous oxide methane carbon monoxide
SPM stands for
Suspended Particulate Matter Standard Particles Material Suspended Particles Material None of the above
SPM stands for
Suspended Particulate Matter Standard Particles Material Suspended Particles Material None of the above
What is car–pooling?
an interesting computer game intensive washing of your father’s car you and your friends sharing a ride to a movie none of the above
What is car–pooling?
an interesting computer game intensive washing of your father’s car you and your friends sharing a ride to a movie none of the above
Health problems related to air pollution include:
coughing asthma bronchitis all of these
Health problems related to air pollution include:
coughing asthma bronchitis all of these
A device is fitted to motor vehicles to chemically reduce some gases produced by internal combustion engines like NOx, CO, and HC into less harmful products. Name this device. Catalytic converter 2-stroke engines Carburetor Tail pipe
A device is fitted to motor vehicles to chemically reduce some gases produced by internal combustion engines like NOx, CO, and HC into less harmful products. Name this device. Catalytic converter 2-stroke engines Carburetor Tail pipe
Water pollution has become a major problem in the world today. It has an adverse affect on both the environment and health. What are the main sources of water pollution in India? Municipal sewage Bathing Industrial discharge Botha and c
Water pollution has become a major problem in the world today. It has an adverse affect on both the environment and health. What are the main sources of water pollution in India? Municipal sewage Bathing Industrial discharge Botha and c
The GAP (Ganga Action Plan) – a project to clean up the polluted waters of the Ganga -plans to intercept and divert municipal sewage falling into the river from 25 large urban conglomerates in thee states. Name them. UP, Haryana and Punjab UP, Bihar and West Bengal Himachal Pradesh, UP, and Haryana Orissa , Bihar and West Benga
The GAP (Ganga Action Plan) – a project to clean up the polluted waters of the Ganga -plans to intercept and divert municipal sewage falling into the river from 25 large urban conglomerates in thee states. Name them. UP, Haryana and Punjab UP, Bihar and West Bengal Himachal Pradesh, UP, and Haryana Orissa , Bihar and West Benga
Of the following indications of the health of a water body, which is the most widely accepted means of measuring how polluting an effuent is? COD (chemical oxygen demand) BOD (biological oxygen demand) Chloroform content
Of the following indications of the health of a water body, which is the most widely accepted means of measuring how polluting an effuent is? COD (chemical oxygen demand) BOD (biological oxygen demand) Chloroform content
Which sector is the single-largest consumer of fresh water in India? Industry Power Domestic Agriculture
Which sector is the single-largest consumer of fresh water in India? Industry Power Domestic Agriculture
Materials of biological origin which are commonly used to maintain and improve soil fertility are: green manure biofertilizers bioinsecticides botha and b
Materials of biological origin which are commonly used to maintain and improve soil fertility are: green manure biofertilizers bioinsecticides botha and b
Over the last 100 years global sea level has risen by about
20 -25cm 10 – 12.5 cm Both the above None of thes
Over the last 100 years global sea level has risen by about
20 -25cm 10 – 12.5 cm Both the above None of thes
Which sector is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases in India?
Transport Domestic Agricultural Electric power generatio
Which sector is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases in India?
Transport Domestic Agricultural Electric power generatio
Which landmark global conference was the FIRST major step towards a global agreement on greenhouse gas emissions reduction and the first to recognize the atmosphere as a natural resource? The Vienna Convention in 1985 The Montreal Protocol in 1987 The 'Earth Summit' in Rio in 1992
Which landmark global conference was the FIRST major step towards a global agreement on greenhouse gas emissions reduction and the first to recognize the atmosphere as a natural resource? The Vienna Convention in 1985 The Montreal Protocol in 1987 The 'Earth Summit' in Rio in 1992
CFCs (chloro-fluoro-carbons) are greenhouse gases that have caused a rise of 0.3 ºC in the global temperatures in the past century. Name the CFC that is used in refrigerators. Carbon dioxide Freon Methane Ammonia
CFCs (chloro-fluoro-carbons) are greenhouse gases that have caused a rise of 0.3 ºC in the global temperatures in the past century. Name the CFC that is used in refrigerators. Carbon dioxide Freon Methane Ammonia
The massive hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctica was first discovered in
1976 1985 1960
The massive hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctica was first discovered in
1976 1985 1960
India would phase out the production and consumption of the controlled ODS (ozone-depleting substances) within the time frame and limits specified in the
Vienna Convention Basel Convention Montreal Protocol Agenda 21
India would phase out the production and consumption of the controlled ODS (ozone-depleting substances) within the time frame and limits specified in the
Vienna Convention Basel Convention Montreal Protocol Agenda 21
By 2100 AD, global temperature is expected to rise by about 2 °C and consequently, the sea level by about 50 cm from the present level. How is a rise in temperature expected to increase the level of the sea? By expanding ocean water By melting mountain glaciers By causing ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland to melt and slide into the oceans All of the abov
By 2100 AD, global temperature is expected to rise by about 2 °C and consequently, the sea level by about 50 cm from the present level. How is a rise in temperature expected to increase the level of the sea? By expanding ocean water By melting mountain glaciers By causing ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland to melt and slide into the oceans All of the abov
Hydro power, which is derived from water is one of the earliest sources of energy in the country. The first mini hydel plant was set up in 1897 at the following place. Shimla Dehra Doon Kulu Darjeeling
Hydro power, which is derived from water is one of the earliest sources of energy in the country. The first mini hydel plant was set up in 1897 at the following place. Shimla Dehra Doon Kulu Darjeeling
Wind energy is one of the fastest-growing renewable energy source with worldwide wind power installed capacity reaching about 14 000 MW. At the end of March 2000, India had 1080-MW capacity wind farms. Name the state that leads in this sector. Maharashtra Punjab Andhra Pradesh Tamilnadu
Wind energy is one of the fastest-growing renewable energy source with worldwide wind power installed capacity reaching about 14 000 MW. At the end of March 2000, India had 1080-MW capacity wind farms. Name the state that leads in this sector. Maharashtra Punjab Andhra Pradesh Tamilnadu
Proper disposal of hazardous toxic waste is essential as exposure to it can cause serious problems to the health. Which is potentially the safest means of disposing of the most toxic wastes: organic solvents, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and oil-base compounds (including PCBs and dioxins)?: Municipal incineration Industrial high temperature incineration Landfills None of the above
India generates about 4.3 million tonnes of hazardous wastes every year. Direct exposure to two chemicals in hazardous waste can cause death. Name them. Mercury and arsenic Cyanide and sulphur Sulphur and arsenic Mercury and cyanide
India generates about 4.3 million tonnes of hazardous wastes every year. Direct exposure to two chemicals in hazardous waste can cause death. Name them. Mercury and arsenic Cyanide and sulphur Sulphur and arsenic Mercury and cyanide
The municipal solid waste generated in India is about 40% organic matter. Composting is the best method of disposal of organic solid waste. Where was the country’s first aerobic composting plant set up in 1992? Delhi Mumbai Calcutta Chennai
The municipal solid waste generated in India is about 40% organic matter. Composting is the best method of disposal of organic solid waste. Where was the country’s first aerobic composting plant set up in 1992? Delhi Mumbai Calcutta Chennai
Municipal waste is disposed in the open dumps, landfills, sanitary landfills, and is also burnt in large furnaces. This method is known as Incineration Blast furnace Waste furnace None of the a
Municipal waste is disposed in the open dumps, landfills, sanitary landfills, and is also burnt in large furnaces. This method is known as Incineration Blast furnace Waste furnace None of the a
Landfills are the sites for the disposal of solid waste. While building a landfill it is very essential to take one of the following factors into consideration. Below the groundwater level Above the groundwater level In a groundwater source None of the above
Landfills are the sites for the disposal of solid waste. While building a landfill it is very essential to take one of the following factors into consideration. Below the groundwater level Above the groundwater level In a groundwater source None of the above
The population of the world is currently about:
• 3.4 billion• 6.6 billion • 8.7 billion• 9.2 billion• 11.5 billion
The population of the world is currently about:
• 3.4 billion• 6.6 billion • 8.7 billion• 9.2 billion• 11.5 billion
World Population 1850-2007
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
818
50
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Year
Billions
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Programs Center, 2007.
The population of the world is currently increasing at a rate of about 8,836 people per:
• month• week • day• hour• minute• second
The population of the world is currently increasing at a rate of about 8,836 people per:
• month• week • day• hour• minute• second
Rate of Population Increase - 2007
Time Unit Population Increase
Year 77,401,492
Month 6,450,124
Week 1,484,413
Day 212,059
Hour 8,836
Minute 147
Second 2.5
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Division, 2007.
The estimated world population in the year 2050 is about:
• 3.4 billion• 6.2 billion • 8.7 billion• 9.4 billion• 11.5 billion
The estimated world population in the year 2050 is about:
• 3.4 billion• 6.2 billion • 8.7 billion• 9.4 billion• 11.5 billion
World Population 1850-2050(Medium Projection of Growth Assumed After 2000)
0123456789
10
1850
1870
1890
1910
1930
1950
1970
1990
2010
2030
2050
Year
Billions
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Programs Center, 2007.
True (T) or False (F):
Consumption of mineral resources globally has increased
sharply in recent years.
True (T) or False (F):
Consumption of mineral resources globally has increased
sharply in recent years.
The number one cause of tropical deforestation worldwide is:
• commercial logging.• wildfire. • clearing of lands for
agricultural use.• gathering of firewood.• building of roads and cities.
The number one cause of tropical deforestation worldwide is:
• commercial logging.• wildfire. • clearing of lands for
agricultural use.• gathering of firewood.• building of roads and cities.
Various estimates indicate that 60 to 85% of tropical deforestation today is due to permanent and shifting agriculture.
The area covered by forests in the India. today is approximately ____ of the forested area that existed in 1600.
• 68 percent• 50 percent• 33 percent• 25 percent• 17 percent
The area covered by forests in the U.S. today is approximately ____ of the forested area that existed in 1600.
• 68 percent• 50 percent• 33 percent• 25 percent• 17 percent
Which country is the most generous?
A) AmericaB) CanadaC) LuxembourgD) Denmark
Which country is the most generous?
A) AmericaB) CanadaC) Luxembourg
D) Denmark
The most generous country is Luxembourg.
$314 per person is donated to other countries.
The second most generous country is Norway, where $305 is donated per head.
Which is the world’s most popular religion?
A) BuddismB) Islam (Muslim)C) HinduismD) Christianity
2. Which is the world’s most popular religion?
A) BuddismB) Islam (Muslim)C) HinduismD) Christianity
Christianity is the most popular at 33%.
The next most popular religion is Islam (18.3%), followed by Hinduism (13.5%).
Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world.
3. Which is the world’s most popular language?
A) SpanishB) EnglishC) Chinese MandarinD) Hindi
Which is the world’s most popular language?
A) SpanishB) EnglishC) Chinese Mandarin
D) Hindi
The world’s most popular language is Chinese Mandarin, spoken by 14.37% of the world’s population.
The second ,most popular is Hindi (6.02%), followed by English (5.61%),and close behind - Spanish (5.59%)
4. Which country has the highest birth-rate?
A) IndiaB) UgandaC) ChinaD) Niger
Which country has the highest birth-rate?
A) IndiaB) UgandaC) ChinaD) Niger
Niger has the highest birth-rate with 48 babies born per 1000 people every year.
Uganda is second at 47 babies.
India ranks at no. 91 with 22 babies.
Britain ranks at 189 in the world with 10.8 babies
How many people are victims of landmines every year?
A) 200B) 2,000C) 20,000D) 200,000
How many people are victims of landmines every year?
A) 200B) 2,000C) 20,000
D) 200,000
Ninety countries in the world are affected by landmines.
20,000 people are killed or maimed by landmines every year.
What percentage of the world’s people live in extreme poverty (on less than 50p a day)?
A) 2%B) 9%C) 15%D) 20%
What percentage of the world’s people live in extreme poverty (on less than 50p a day)?
A) 2%B) 9%C) 15%D) 20%
20% of the world’s population live on less than 20p a day, but this is falling. In 1990 the figure was 28%.
The number of people living in poverty is falling most rapidly in Asia. In Africa the figure remains constant.
By how many millions of hectares are the world’s forests decreasing every year?
A) 1 millionB) 3 millionC) 5 millionD) 7 million
By how many millions of hectares are the world’s forests decreasing every year?
A) 1 millionB) 3 millionC) 5 millionD) 7 million
The world’s forests are decreasing by 7.3 million hectares every year, even taking into account re-planting. That is an area the size of the countries Sierra Leone or Panama.
This figure has fallen from 8.9 million between 1990 – 2000.
Throughout the world what percentage of girls attend Primary School?
A) 100%B) 80%C) 60%D) 50%
Throughout the world what percentage of girls attend Primary School?
A) 100%B) 80%
C) 60%D) 50%
80% of girls receive Primary education. 1 in 5 girls receive no education at all.
1 in 6 boys does not receive any basic education. These are mostly boys who live in rural areas.
How many African children are orphaned (have no living parents to care for them)?
A) 1 millionB) 3 ½ millionC) 5 ¼ millionD) 12 million
How many African children are orphaned (have no living parents to care for them)?
A) 1 millionB) 3 ½ millionC) 5 ¼ millionD) 12 million
12 million African children are orphans.
Many of their parents have died in civil wars, but most have been struck down by Aids.
38.6 million people worldwide are currently living with HIV/Aids.
What percentage of parliamentary seats worldwide are currently held by women?
A) 50%B) 31%C) 17%D) 11%
What percentage of parliamentary seats worldwide are currently held by women?
A) 50%B) 31%C) 17%
D) 11%
17% of parliamentary seats worldwide are currently held by women.
Rwanda comes the closest to having equality between men and women. Women won 49% of the seats in the 2003 election.
• Lead• Ammonia
• Carbon Monoxide• Particular Matter
AIR POLLUTION
Ammonia
The following pollutant is not contained exhaust emissions:
AIR POLLUTIONDiesel is the main source of three highly toxic pollutants that have a widespread impact on the urban air quality and human
health. Name them
• SPM, Sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen oxides (NOx)• Lead, NOx, CO2
• Suspended particulate matter (SPM), benzene• Sulphur dioxide, Ammonia, Benzene
Suspended particulate matter (SPM), benzene
WATER POLLUTION
Water as become a major problem in the world today. It has an adverse affect on both the environment and health. What are the main sources of water pollution in India?
• Municipal sewage• Bathing• Industrial discharge• All of the above• A and c
A and c
WATER POLLUTION
What minerals are found in the run-off from agriculture land and treated and untreated sewage effluents, which are highly responsible for eutrophication of water bodies?
• Nitrogen and phosphorus• Phosphorus and carbon• Potassium and arsenic• Iron and manganese
Nitrogen and phosphorus
WATER POLLUTION
Aquaculture is the controlled cultivation and harvesting of freshwater or marine aquatic species of plants and animals. Name an area along the Indian coast, where aquaculture and prawn culture activities are a major source of coastal pollution as well as a threat to the endangered sea turtles.
• East Coast, especially Orissa• Maharashtra• Kerala• All of the above
East Coast, especially Orissa
WATER POLLUTION
Of the following indication of the health of the health of water body, which is the most widely accepted means of measuring how polluting an effluent is?
• COD (chemical oxygen demand)• BOD (biological oxygen demand)• Chloroform content• All of the above
BOD (biological oxygen demand)
BIODIVERSITY
An endangered animal, the Elephas maximums is now predominantly found in the protected wildlife
sanctuaries and national parks of Kerala, Karnataka and Orissa. Its common name is
• Black Buck• Asian elephant• Wild buffalo
Asian elephant
BIODIVERSITY
Which of the following species of rhinoceros is said to be the most critically endangered species.
• Indian one-horned rhinos• African black rhino• Sumatran rhino• Javan rhino
Javan rhino
ENERGY
Lead is one of the two most toxic chemicals used in petrol that cause brain damage leukemia. Which is the other?
• Sulphur • Benzene • Nitrogen Oxide • SPM or Suspended Particulate Matter
Sulphur
CLIMATE CHANGE
Over the last 100 years global sea level has risen by about 20-25 cm10-12.5 cm Both the above None of these
10-12.5 cm
These are woody trees and shrubs that normally grow in places where river water mixes with seawater. Mangroves
This animal has a heavy, snowy white colour shell which is sacred to the people of India. The shell is commonly associated with festivals and pujas. Conch
Coastal areas along Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra and Orissa are mined for certain minerals called __________. These operations increase turbidity of waters and affect the wildlife. Monazite sand
Marine organisms which can form huge colonial structures and can support a wide diversity of marine organisms. Corals
Additional Information: Marine “fish” which have the ability to regenerate from a single arm attached to a portion of the central disk.
Star fish
• Additional information: This is a large marine mammal. Their habit of standing in the waters misled some sailors in olden days to mistake them for mermaids!
• Dugong
• These birds use their beaks upside down and filter-feed on brine shrimp.
• Flamingo
• Additional information: This marine creature is more like a transparent umbrella with tentacles than a fish! This boneless fish is usually found around corals.
• Jelly fish
• Additional information: This marine creature has eight arms. When attacked, it squirts out a liquid into the water and escape through the murky screen. The octopus is a mollusc without a shell.
• Octopus
• Additional information: This is a horse shaped fish and unlike most animals, the male is known to give birth to the young.
• Sea horse
1.World Environment Day was established by
a) OSHA
b) Environment Protection Agency (EPA)
c) United Nations General Assembly
d) United Nations Environment Program
5. How many percent of the planet’s total land area is covered by Forests
a) 10% b) 20% c) 25% d) 30%
8. Which is the most powerful green house gas
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Methane
c) Ozone
d) Water Vapor
13. The average global temperature has risen by how much in the past 100
years?
a) 10° Celsius (18° Fahrenheit)
b)2° Celsius (4° Fahrenheit)
c) 0.6° Celsius (1° Fahrenheit)
14. How long does it take a tin can to break down in a landfill?
A 5 years B 50 years C 100 years
15. Which country has the highest CO2 emissions?
A. United States B. United Kingdom C. India
16. What is the International Treaty aiming to reduce the carbon emissions?
A. Kyoto Protocol
B. Basel Convention
C. Montreal Protocol Treaty
19. Which of the following ISO standard focuses on Green house gas accounting & verification?
A. ISO 14001 B. ISO 14064 C. ISO 9000
20. Turning heating thermostat down, and Air Conditioning up by 1.50C will reduce how much CO2 emissions per year?
A. 1.0 Tons
B. 2.5 Tons
C. 3.5 Tons
Forests now cover 68% of the land area in the U.S. that they did at the time of
European settlement
1600 2002
Forest -1,100 million acres
Forest - 749
million acres
Source: USDA - Forest Service
True (T) or False (F). The geographic area that encompasses the United States today has about the same extent of forest coverage as the same geographic area did in 1907.
True (T) or False (F). The geographic area that encompasses the United States today has about the same extent of forest coverage as the same geographic area did in 1907.
Forest Area in the United States 1630-2002
1045
759 760 756 761 744 738 747 749
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1630 1907 1938 1953 1963 1977 1987 1997 2002
Th
ousa
nd
Acr
es
Source: Smith, et al., 2004.
True (T) or False (F). Growing trees capture carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen.
True (T) or False (F). Growing trees capture carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen.
CO2 O2
Carbon
Which of the following statements most accurately describes U.S. forests:
• Forest harvest exceeds growth by 8 percent.
• Forest harvest exceeds growth by 3 percent.
• Forest harvest roughly equals growth.• Forest growth exceeds harvest by 29
percent.• Forest growth exceeds harvest by 67
percent.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes U.S. forests:
• Forest harvest exceeds growth by 8 percent.
• Forest harvest exceeds growth by 3 percent.
• Forest harvest roughly equals growth.• Forest growth exceeds harvest by 29
percent.• Forest growth exceeds harvest by 67
percent.
Net Growth/Removals Ratios – U.S., 1952-2001
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
1952 1962 1976 1986 1991 1996 2001
Hardwoods
Softwoods
All Species
Source: USDA - Forest Service RPA Assessment, 2000; Smith et al., 2004.
When net forest growth divided by removals = 1.0, timber inventories are
neither expanding or declining.
Growth/Removals Ratios – U.S., 1952-2001
Year Softwoods Hardwoods Total
1952 1.00 1.50 1.171962 1.25 1.65 1.551970 1.23 2.01 1.481976 1.25 2.25 1.541986 1.19 1.92 1.421991 1.15 1.75 1.331996 1.33 1.71 1.472001 1.33 1.71 1.472006 1.51 1.95 1.67*
Source: Smith, et al., 2004; * Preliminary from 2006 FIA.
True (T) or False (F):
As originally established, it was never intended that the National Forests of the U.S. would be periodically harvested to
obtain timber that would be used in meeting the nation’s need for wood.
True (T) or False (F):
As originally established, it was never intended that the National Forests of the U.S. would be periodically harvested to
obtain timber that would be used in meeting the nation’s need for wood.
True (T) or False (F). At current rates of deforestation, forty (40) percent of current forests in the U.S. will be lost by the middle of the next century.
True (T) or False (F). At current rates of deforestation, forty (40) percent of current forests in the U.S. will be lost by the middle of the next century.
In fact, the area covered by forests in the U.S. is increasing.
True (T) or False (F):
In the U.S. and globally, more species of plants and animals have been driven to extinction by logging activity than any
other activity of mankind.
True (T) or False (F):
In the U.S. and globally, more species of plants and animals have been driven to extinction by logging activity than any
other activity of mankind.
There is no evidence that even one plant or animal species has been driven to extinction as a result of
logging activity in the United States.
True (T) or False (F). Under current United States law, forest harvesting is allowed in federally designated wilderness areas.
True (T) or False (F). Under current United States law, forest harvesting is allowed in federally designated wilderness areas.
No harvesting is allowed in wilderness areas
True (T) or False (F). Populations of elk, pronghorn antelope, and wild turkey have declined significantly in the U.S. over the past 60 years.
True (T) or False (F). Populations of elk, pronghorn antelope, and wild turkey have declined significantly in the U.S. over the past 60 years.
In fact, populations of each of these species within the U.S. have increased by at least 800 to 1,000 percent over the past 50 years.
T r e n d s in U .S . E lk P o p u la t io n s 1 9 3 0 - 1 9 9 0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
T r e n d s in U .S . W i ld T u r k e y P o p u la t io n s 1 9 0 0 - 1 9 9 0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
T r e n d s in U .S . P r o n g h o r n P o p u la t io n s 1 9 1 0 - 1 9 9 0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
True (T) or False (F):
Considering the total annual harvest of forests in the United States and the total consumption of wood and fiber products within our country, the U.S. is a net importer of wood
and wood products.
True (T) or False (F):
Considering the total annual harvest of forests in the United States and the total consumption of wood and fiber products within our country, the U.S. is a net importer of wood
and wood products.
The United States is a Net Importer of Wood and Wood Products
Net U.S. imports of wood and wood products amounted to about 20 percent of total wood consumption and 36 percent of construction lumber consumed in 2006.
When waste paper exports are included in the net import
calculation, the U.S. net import figure for wood and wood
products drops to 2-3 percent.
As a percentage of all the paper used in the United States in 2006 _____ was recovered for reuse.
• 2.9 percent
• 6.5 percent
• 14.7 percent• 29.3 percent• 53.4 percent• 66.1 percent
As a percentage of all the paper used in the United States in 2006 _____ was recovered for reuse.
• 2.9 percent
• 6.5 percent
• 14.7 percent• 29.3 percent• 53.4 percent• 66.1 percent
Recovered paper provided _____ of the U.S. paper industry’s fiber in 2006.
• 2.0 percent
• 6.1 percent
• 12.9 percent• 19.8 percent• 24.3 percent• 36.9 percent
Recovered paper provided _____ of the U.S. paper industry’s fiber in 2006.
• 2.0 percent
• 6.1 percent
• 12.9 percent• 19.8 percent• 24.3 percent• 36.9 percent
True (T) or False (F). More extensive recycling of paper could reduce harvesting of forests in the U.S. by 60 percent or more.
True (T) or False (F). More extensive recycling of paper could reduce harvesting of forests in the U.S. by 60 percent or more.
Were paper recycling in the U.S. to go to the limit of technology worldwide the domestic timber harvest could be
reduced by about 12-13%.
The building material that can be produced with the least impact on the environment is:
• brick• concrete• aluminum• virgin steel• recycled steel• wood• plastic
The manufacture and use of all construction materials results in
environmental impacts. The impacts, differ considerably however.
If, for example, an interior wall of a house is constructed using steel rather than wood studs, the result is a large increase in energy consumption and
emissions to air and water.
Comparative Emissions in Manufacturing Wood vs. Steel-Framed Interior Wall
Emission/Effluent Wood Wall Steel WallCO2 (kg) 305 965CO (g) 2,450 11,800SOX (g) 400 3,700NOX (g) 1,150 1,800Particulates (g) 100 335VOCs (g) 390 1,800Methane (g) 4 45
Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute, 1993.
Comparative Effluents in Manufacturing Wood vs. Steel-Framed Interior Wall
Emission/Effluent Wood Wall Steel WallSuspended solids (g) 12,180 495,640Non-ferrous metals (mg) 62 2,532Cyanide (mg) 99 4,051Phenols (mg) 17,715 725,994Ammonia (mg) 1,310 53,665Halogenated organics (mg) 507 20,758Oil and grease (mg) 1,421 58,222Sulphides (mg) 13 507
Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute, 1993.